May | Optica

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class=""> <head> <title>May | Optica</title> <meta name="description" content="Optica is the leading society in optics and photonics. Quality information and inspiring interactions through publications, meetings, and membership." /> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,shrink-to-fit=no"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="O8GQM5c8kWiX8AlBF0x___NvqBslQHkS5fU89l7_lFE" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="7O342y8sdwfisgna77OFVUnjk_I7b_7TPJSF6cY8O5w" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="lFCb00qSSgOFRJPRNVs7uUFxoUJzHBMnDOxBPnuA4qA" /> <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="mfx4ntf75cih86ugui5adb5sb913if" /> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name":"Optica", "url": "https://www.optica.org", "logo": "https://www.optica.org/osaorg/media/optica/about/newsroom/logos/Optica_transition_logo_black@2x.png", "founder":"Perley G. Nutting", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/opticaworldwide", "https://www.twitter.com/opticaworldwide/", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/optica-worldwide", "https://www.youtube.com/OpticaWorldwide", "https://www.instagram.com/optica.worldwide/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optica_(society)" ] } </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org/", "@type": "WebSite", "name": "Optica", "url": "https://optica.org/", "potentialAction": { "@type": "SearchAction", "target": "https://www.optica.org/search/?searchtext={search_term_string}", "query-input": "required name=search_term_string" } } </script> <script type="importmap"> { "imports": { "jquery": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/combine/npm/jquery@3.5.1/dist/jquery.slim.min.js,npm/popper.js@1.16.1,npm/bootstrap@4.5.0,npm/masonry-layout@4.2.2/dist/masonry.pkgd.min.js,npm/packery@2.1.2/dist/packery.pkgd.min.js,npm/imagesloaded@5.0.0/imagesloaded.pkgd.min.js" } } </script> <link href="/_content/Kentico.Content.Web.Rcl/Content/Bundles/Public/systemPageComponents.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-M2ZC33M');</script>  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/jpg" href="/img/template-images/favicon.ico" /> <link type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/template-images/favicon.ico" /> <link type="image/x-icon" rel="icon" href="/img/template-images/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/img/template-images/apple-touch-icon.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/img/template-images/favicon-32x32.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/img/template-images/favicon-16x16.png" /> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/img/template-images/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#603cba" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#771bc9" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Material+Icons|Material+Icons+Outlined"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.materialdesignicons.com/5.3.45/css/materialdesignicons.min.css"> <script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/1eaee2a481.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/style.css?v=m8SR35mgFOIyt4n0_CDb7_6Aefx_6S6ORjekrb36iGY"> </head> <body class="LTR Chrome ENUS ContentBody">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-M2ZC33M" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div class="page"> <a class="sr-only sr-only-focusable" href="#content" aria-label="Skip To Content">Skip To Content</a> <header> <div class="secondary-header bg-lightblue"> <div class="secondary-header__wrapper container"> <div class="d-flex mr-auto"> <button aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" class="btn align-self-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#otherSitesModal" id="sitesMenuButton"> <i class="fa-solid fa-grid-round mr-1"></i>Other Sites </button> <div id="otherSitesModal" aria-labelledby="sitesMenuButton" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="modal fade border-gray-200 p-0"> <div class="modal-dialog m-0 w-100 modal-dialog-othersites bg-lightblue"> <div class="modal-content container px-0 bg-transparent border-0"> <div class="modal-header border-0 px-0 py-2"> <h5 class="modal-title"> <span class="fa-solid fa-grid-round mr-1"></span> Other sites </h5> <button class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="close" type="button"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body px-0 py-2"> <ul class="app-menu"> <li class="app-menu__item"> <h5> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://awards.optica.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> BEAM </a> </h5> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <h5> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.cleoconference.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> CLEO </a> </h5> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <h5> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.frontiersinoptics.com"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> FIO+LS </a> </h5> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <h5> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.gemminitiative.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> GEMM Initiative </a> </h5> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <h5> <a class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.optica.org/history"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> Living History </a> </h5> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <h5> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.lightourfuture.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> NPI </a> </h5> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <h5> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.ofcconference.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> OFC </a> </h5> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <h5> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.optica-opn.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> OPN </a> </h5> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <h5> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://opg.optica.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> Optica Publishing Group </a> </h5> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <h5> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.opticastore.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> Optica Store </a> </h5> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <h5> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.optics4kids.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> Optics 4 Kids </a> </h5> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <h5> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://prism.optica.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> Prism </a> </h5> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="secondary-nav"> <ul class="secondary-nav__list d-flex"> <li class="secondary-nav__item "> <a class="secondary-nav__link" href="/foundation/"> Foundation </a> </li> <li class="secondary-nav__item dropdown"> <a class="secondary-nav__link dropdown-toggle" href="#" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> Careers <span class="fas fa-chevron-down ml-1"></span> </a> <div class="nav-menu nav-menu--secondary dropdown-menu "> <ul class="col list-unstyled mx-1 d-flex flex-row"> <div> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/careers/"> Explore Careers </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/careers/for_employers/"> For Employers </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/careers/professional_development/"> Professional Development </a> </li> </div> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="secondary-nav__item dropdown"> <a class="secondary-nav__link dropdown-toggle" href="#" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> About <span class="fas fa-chevron-down ml-1"></span> </a> <div class="nav-menu nav-menu--secondary dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right"> <ul class="col list-unstyled mx-1 d-flex flex-row"> <div> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/about/"> About Optica </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/about/leadership_and_volunteers/"> Leadership & Volunteers </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/about/optica_community/"> Optica Community </a> </li> </div> <div> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/about/newsroom/"> Newsroom </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/about/what_is_optics/"> What is Optics </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/history/"> Living History </a> </li> </div> <div> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/history/milestones/"> Milestone Events & Celebrations </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/history/optica_timeline/"> Optica Timeline </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/history/biographies/"> Biographies & Memoirs </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/history/multimedia/"> Multimedia </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/history/optica_nobel_laureates/"> Optica Nobel Laureates </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/history/amplify_black_voices_in_optics/"> Amplify Black Voices in Optics </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/history/faces_of_optica/"> Faces of Optica </a> </li> </div> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="secondary-nav"> <ul class="secondary-nav__list"> <li class="secondary-nav__item"> <a class="p-1 secondary-nav__link" href="/account/login/?returnUrl=%2Foptica_blog%2F2022%2Fmay%2F">Log In</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <a class="btn text-black align-self-center d-none d-xl-block" href="/search"> <span class="sr-only">Search</span> <span class="fa-regular fa-magnifying-glass h5" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="main-header"> <div class="main-header__wrapper pl-2"> <a class="main-header__logo" href="http://www.optica.org"> <span class="sr-only">Optica</span> <svg viewBox="0 0 1000 150" fill="currentColor" width="100%" height="100%"> <path d="M134.07,67.55c.03,37.24-30.14,67.45-67.38,67.48-33.29.02-61.61-24.24-66.69-57.14h20c5.71,25.73,31.21,41.96,56.94,36.25s41.96-31.21,36.25-56.94S81.98,15.24,56.25,20.95c-17.7,3.93-31.64,17.54-35.99,35.14H.16C6.49,19.39,41.37-5.23,78.06,1.1c32.35,5.58,55.98,33.63,55.98,66.46h.03ZM442.64,132.79h20.58V2.31h-20.58v130.48ZM229.54,2.31h-65.94v130.48h20.58V21.47h41.68c18.58,0,28,6.19,28,18.89,0,14.71-15.22,18.36-28,18.36h-19.92v19.17h24.09c12.65,0,23.55-3.25,31.53-9.39,8.62-6.63,13.18-16.74,13.18-28.14.04-22.91-18.14-38.05-45.2-38.05ZM342.35,132.79h20.59V38.12h-20.59v94.67ZM295.14,2.31h115v19.16h-115V2.31ZM715.49,2.31h-18.93l-63.12,130.47h22.21l50.38-104.12,23.91,49.23h-26l-9.24,19.17h44.46l17.23,35.72h22.21L715.49,2.31ZM608.49,82.45c-8.23,25.05-35.21,38.68-60.26,30.44s-38.68-35.21-30.44-60.26c8.23-25.05,35.21-38.68,60.26-30.44,13.82,4.54,24.81,15.14,29.86,28.78h20.59c-9.14-36.15-45.86-58.04-82-48.9-36.15,9.14-58.04,45.86-48.9,82,9.14,36.15,45.86,58.04,82,48.9,24.62-6.23,43.67-25.75,49.29-50.52h-20.4Z"/> </svg> </a> <nav class="main-nav"> <ul class="main-nav__list"> <li class="main-nav__item dropdown"> <a class="main-nav__link dropdown-toggle" href="#" role="button" data-display="static" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> Events <span class="fas fa-chevron-down ml-1"></span> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu nav-menu dropdown-menu-lg-right"> <div class="d-flex flex-row"> <ul class="list-unstyled px-1"> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/events/"> Overview </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/events/meeting_opportunities/"> Services </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/events/meeting_archives/"> Archives </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled px-1"> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/events/"> Event Calendar </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/events/speakers/"> Speaker Resources </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled px-1"> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="main-nav__item dropdown"> <a class="main-nav__link dropdown-toggle" href="#" role="button" data-display="static" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> Membership <span class="fas fa-chevron-down ml-1"></span> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu nav-menu dropdown-menu-lg-right"> <div class="d-flex flex-row"> <ul class="list-unstyled px-1"> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/membership/"> Overview </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/membership/join/individual/"> Individual </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/membership/join/corporate/"> Corporate </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled px-1"> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/membership/distinguished_honorary/"> Distinguished & Honorary </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/membership/member_programs/"> Member Programs </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/membership/member_resources/"> Member Resources </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled px-1"> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/membership/join/"> Join Optica </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/membership/benefits_services/"> Benefits & Services </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="main-nav__item "> <a class="main-nav__link" href="/publications/"> Publications </a> </li> <li class="main-nav__item dropdown"> <a class="main-nav__link dropdown-toggle" href="#" role="button" data-display="static" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> Industry Resources <span class="fas fa-chevron-down ml-1"></span> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu nav-menu dropdown-menu-lg-right"> <div class="d-flex flex-row"> <ul class="list-unstyled px-1"> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/industry/"> Overview </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/industry/corporate_membership/"> Corporate Membership </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/industry/industry_events/"> Industry Events </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled px-1"> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/industry/online_industry_library/"> Market Intelligence </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/industry/exhibitions/"> Marketing </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="main-nav__item dropdown"> <a class="main-nav__link dropdown-toggle" href="#" role="button" data-display="static" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> Community <span class="fas fa-chevron-down ml-1"></span> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu nav-menu dropdown-menu-lg-right"> <div class="d-flex flex-row"> <ul class="list-unstyled px-1"> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/get_involved/"> Overview </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/get_involved/awards_and_honors/"> Awards & Honors </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/get_involved/diversity_inclusion/"> Diversity, Equity and Inclusion </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/get_involved/earlycareer/"> Early Career </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/get_involved/education_outreach/"> Education Outreach </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/get_involved/public_policy/"> Global Policy & Affairs </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled px-1"> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/get_involved/local_section/"> Local Sections </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/get_involved/students/"> Students </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/get_involved/technical_groups/"> Technical Groups </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/get_involved/volunteer/"> Volunteer </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <button aria-controls="mobileNavMenu" aria-expanded="false" class="btn p-1 text-white align-self-center d-block d-xl-none" id="mobileMainNavToggle" type="button" data-target="#mobileNavMenu"> <span class="sr-only">Menu</span> <span class="fa-solid fa-bars h5" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <main id="content"> <section class="page-title "> <div class="page-title__breadcrumb mb-0"> <div class="container"> <a class="text-capitalize" href="/home/">Home</a> <span class="divider">></span> <a class="text-capitalize" href="/optica_blog/">Optica Blog </a> <span class="divider">></span> <a class="text-capitalize" href="/optica_blog/2022/">2022</a> </div> </div> <div class="container py-1"> <h1 class="pt-2 pb-1">May</h1> </div> </section> <div class="container"> <div class="row py-2 py-md-3"> <div class="col-lg-3"> <div class="d-none d-lg-block"> <h6 class="font-weight-bold mb-2">Optica Blog </h6> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2012/"> 2012 </a> <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#item-0" class="d-none d-sm-inline-block btn btn-link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-0"> <i class="fal fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> <div id="item-0" class="collapse "> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-3"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2012/september_2012_(1)/"> September 2012 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2012/october_2012_(1)/"> October 2012 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2012/december_2012_(1)/"> December 2012 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2013/"> 2013 </a> <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#item-1" class="d-none d-sm-inline-block btn btn-link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-1"> <i class="fal fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> <div id="item-1" class="collapse "> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-3"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2013/january_2013_(1)/"> January 2013 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2013/march_2013_(1)/"> March 2013 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2013/june_2013/"> June 2013 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2014/"> 2014 </a> <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#item-2" class="d-none d-sm-inline-block btn btn-link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-2"> <i class="fal fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> <div id="item-2" class="collapse "> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-3"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/january_2014/"> January 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/february_2014/"> February 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/march_2014/"> March 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/april_2014/"> April 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/may_2014/"> May 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/june_2014/"> June 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/july_2014/"> July 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/august_2014/"> August 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/september_2014/"> September 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/october_2014/"> October 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/november_2014/"> November 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/december_2014/"> December 2014 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2015/"> 2015 </a> <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#item-3" class="d-none d-sm-inline-block btn btn-link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-3"> <i class="fal fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> <div id="item-3" class="collapse "> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-3"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/january_2015/"> January 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/february_2015/"> February 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/march_2015/"> March 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/april_2015/"> April 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/may_2015/"> May 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/june_2015/"> June 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/july_2015/"> July 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/august_2015/"> August 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/september_2015/"> September 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/october_2015/"> October 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/november_2015/"> November 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/december_2015/"> December 2015 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2016/"> 2016 </a> <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#item-4" class="d-none d-sm-inline-block btn btn-link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-4"> <i class="fal fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> <div id="item-4" class="collapse "> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-3"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/march_2016/"> March 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/april_2016/"> April 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/may_2016/"> May 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/june/"> June 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/july_2016/"> July 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/august_2016/"> August 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/september_2016/"> September 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/october_2016/"> October 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/november_2016/"> November 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/december_2016/"> December 2016 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2017/"> 2017 </a> <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#item-5" class="d-none d-sm-inline-block btn btn-link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-5"> <i class="fal fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> <div id="item-5" class="collapse "> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-3"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/june_2017/"> June 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/january_2017/"> January 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/february_2017/"> February 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/march_2017/"> March 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/april_2017/"> April 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/may_2017/"> May 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/july_2017/"> July 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/august_2017/"> August 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/september/"> September 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/october/"> October 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/november/"> November 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/december_2017/"> December 2017 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2018/"> 2018 </a> <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#item-6" class="d-none d-sm-inline-block btn btn-link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-6"> <i class="fal fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> <div id="item-6" class="collapse "> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-3"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/january_2018/"> January 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/february_2018/"> February 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/march_2018/"> March 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/april_2018/"> April 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/may_2018/"> May 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/june_2018/"> June 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/july_2018/"> July 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/august_2018/"> August 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/september_2018/"> September 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/october/"> October 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/november_2018/"> November 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/february_2019/"> February 2019 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2019/"> 2019 </a> <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#item-7" class="d-none d-sm-inline-block btn btn-link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-7"> <i class="fal fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> <div id="item-7" class="collapse "> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-3"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/april_2019/"> April 2019 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/may_2019/"> May 2019 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/june/"> June 2019 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/july_2019/"> July 2019 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/august_2019/"> August 2019 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/september_2019/"> September 2019 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/october_2019/"> October 2019 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/november_2019/"> November 2019 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/december_2019/"> December 2019 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2020/"> 2020 </a> <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#item-8" class="d-none d-sm-inline-block btn btn-link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-8"> <i class="fal fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> <div id="item-8" class="collapse "> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-3"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/february_2020/"> February 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/march_2020/"> March 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/april_2020/"> April 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/may_2020/"> May 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/june_2020/"> June 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/july_2020/"> July 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/august_2020/"> August 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/september_2020/"> September 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/october_2020/"> October 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/november_2020/"> November 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/december_2020/"> December 2020 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2021/"> 2021 </a> <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#item-9" class="d-none d-sm-inline-block btn btn-link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-9"> <i class="fal fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> <div id="item-9" class="collapse "> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-3"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/january_2021/"> January 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/february_2021/"> February 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/march_2021/"> March 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/april_2021/"> April 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/may_2021/"> May 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/june_2021/"> June 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/july_2021/"> July 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/august_2021/"> August 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/september/"> September 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/october/"> October 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/november_2021/"> November 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/december_2021/"> December 2021 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 font-weight-bold" href="/optica_blog/2022/"> 2022 </a> <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#item-10" class="d-none d-sm-inline-block btn btn-link collapsed" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-10"> <i class="fal fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> <div id="item-10" class="collapse show"> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-3"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/january/"> January </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/february/"> February </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/march/"> March </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/april/"> April </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link font-weight-bold" href="/optica_blog/2022/may/"> May </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/june/"> June </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/july/"> July </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/august/"> August </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/september/"> September </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/october/"> October </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/november/"> November </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/december/"> December </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2023/"> 2023 </a> <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#item-11" class="d-none d-sm-inline-block btn btn-link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-11"> <i class="fal fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> <div id="item-11" class="collapse "> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-3"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/january/"> January </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/february/"> February </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/march/"> March </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/april/"> April </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/may/"> May </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/june/"> June </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/july/"> July </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/august/"> August </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/september/"> September </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/october/"> October </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/november/"> November </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/december/"> December </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2024/"> 2024 </a> <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#item-12" class="d-none d-sm-inline-block btn btn-link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="item-12"> <i class="fal fa-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> <div id="item-12" class="collapse "> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-3"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2024/february/"> February </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2024/march/"> March </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2024/may/"> May </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2024/september/"> September </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="dropdown d-lg-none"> <button class="btn btn-outline-primary dropdown-toggle px-1 mb-2 w-100" type="button" id="subNavButton" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> > Menu </button> <div class="dropdown-menu px-0 py-1 w-100" aria-labelledby="subNavButton"> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2012/"> 2012 </a> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-2"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2012/september_2012_(1)/"> September 2012 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2012/october_2012_(1)/"> October 2012 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2012/december_2012_(1)/"> December 2012 </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2013/"> 2013 </a> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-2"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2013/january_2013_(1)/"> January 2013 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2013/march_2013_(1)/"> March 2013 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2013/june_2013/"> June 2013 </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2014/"> 2014 </a> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-2"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/january_2014/"> January 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/february_2014/"> February 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/march_2014/"> March 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/april_2014/"> April 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/may_2014/"> May 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/june_2014/"> June 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/july_2014/"> July 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/august_2014/"> August 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/september_2014/"> September 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/october_2014/"> October 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/november_2014/"> November 2014 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2014/december_2014/"> December 2014 </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2015/"> 2015 </a> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-2"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/january_2015/"> January 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/february_2015/"> February 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/march_2015/"> March 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/april_2015/"> April 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/may_2015/"> May 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/june_2015/"> June 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/july_2015/"> July 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/august_2015/"> August 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/september_2015/"> September 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/october_2015/"> October 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/november_2015/"> November 2015 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2015/december_2015/"> December 2015 </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2016/"> 2016 </a> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-2"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/march_2016/"> March 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/april_2016/"> April 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/may_2016/"> May 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/june/"> June 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/july_2016/"> July 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/august_2016/"> August 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/september_2016/"> September 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/october_2016/"> October 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/november_2016/"> November 2016 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2016/december_2016/"> December 2016 </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2017/"> 2017 </a> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-2"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/june_2017/"> June 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/january_2017/"> January 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/february_2017/"> February 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/march_2017/"> March 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/april_2017/"> April 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/may_2017/"> May 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/july_2017/"> July 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/august_2017/"> August 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/september/"> September 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/october/"> October 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/november/"> November 2017 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2017/december_2017/"> December 2017 </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2018/"> 2018 </a> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-2"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/january_2018/"> January 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/february_2018/"> February 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/march_2018/"> March 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/april_2018/"> April 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/may_2018/"> May 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/june_2018/"> June 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/july_2018/"> July 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/august_2018/"> August 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/september_2018/"> September 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/october/"> October 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/november_2018/"> November 2018 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2018/february_2019/"> February 2019 </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2019/"> 2019 </a> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-2"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/april_2019/"> April 2019 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/may_2019/"> May 2019 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/june/"> June 2019 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/july_2019/"> July 2019 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/august_2019/"> August 2019 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/september_2019/"> September 2019 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/october_2019/"> October 2019 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/november_2019/"> November 2019 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2019/december_2019/"> December 2019 </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2020/"> 2020 </a> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-2"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/february_2020/"> February 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/march_2020/"> March 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/april_2020/"> April 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/may_2020/"> May 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/june_2020/"> June 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/july_2020/"> July 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/august_2020/"> August 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/september_2020/"> September 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/october_2020/"> October 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/november_2020/"> November 2020 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2020/december_2020/"> December 2020 </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2021/"> 2021 </a> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-2"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/january_2021/"> January 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/february_2021/"> February 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/march_2021/"> March 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/april_2021/"> April 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/may_2021/"> May 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/june_2021/"> June 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/july_2021/"> July 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/august_2021/"> August 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/september/"> September 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/october/"> October 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/november_2021/"> November 2021 </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2021/december_2021/"> December 2021 </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 font-weight-bold" href="/optica_blog/2022/"> 2022 </a> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-2"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/january/"> January </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/february/"> February </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/march/"> March </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/april/"> April </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link font-weight-bold" href="/optica_blog/2022/may/"> May </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/june/"> June </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/july/"> July </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/august/"> August </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/september/"> September </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/october/"> October </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/november/"> November </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2022/december/"> December </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2023/"> 2023 </a> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-2"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/january/"> January </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/february/"> February </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/march/"> March </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/april/"> April </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/may/"> May </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/june/"> June </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/july/"> July </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/august/"> August </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/september/"> September </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/october/"> October </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/november/"> November </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2023/december/"> December </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link d-inline-flex mr-0 pr-0 " href="/optica_blog/2024/"> 2024 </a> <ul class="nav nav-pills flex-column ml-2"> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2024/february/"> February </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2024/march/"> March </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2024/may/"> May </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav-item nav-link " href="/optica_blog/2024/september/"> September </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-8" id="BodyContent"> <input class="searchfield" id="SearchPagePath" name="SearchPagePath" type="hidden" value="/optica_blog/2022/may/" /> <div class="blog-search"> <div class="search-dialog"> <div class="form-horizontal"> <div class="form-group"> <div class="editing-form-label-cell"> <label class="control-label">Search the Blog:</label> </div> <div class="editing-form-value-cell"> <input type="text" maxlength="1000" class="form-control searchfield auto-search-disabled" id="SearchText" name="SearchText" value=""> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="editing-form-label-cell"> <label class="control-label">Search mode:</label> </div> <div class="editing-form-value-cell"> <select class="DropDownField form-control searchfield" id="SearchMode" name="SearchMode"> <option value="exactphrase">Exact phrase</option> <option value="anyword">Any word</option> <option selected="selected" value="allwords">All words</option> <option value="anywordorsynonyms">Any word or synonyms</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="form-group form-group-submit"> <a id="SearchButton" class="btn btn-default">SEARCH</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <select class="DropDownField form-control searchfield" id="SortBy" name="SortBy"> <option selected="selected" value="ArticleDate DESC"> Newest to Oldest</option> <option value="##SCORE##"> Relevance</option> <option value="ArticleDate"> Oldest to Newest</option> </select> </div> <div id="searchresultscontent"> <div class="news-release mb-2"> <div class="news-release__body"> <h4> <a target="_blank" href="/optica_blog/2022/may/cleo_2022_plenary_speakers_highlight_advancements/">CLEO 2022 Plenary Speakers Highlight Advancements in Quantum Systems, Optical Imaging, Ultrafast Las</a> </h4> <p> <p align="center">At CLEO 2022, attendees had a chance to hear about the latest laser science and photonics research in many sessions, including plenary sessions featuring five Optica fellows. Read our recap of these exciting plenaries.</p> </p> <p class="news-release__date"> <strong>Added:</strong> 24 May 2022 </p> </div> <div class="news-release__image"> <a target="_blank" href="/optica_blog/2022/may/cleo_2022_plenary_speakers_highlight_advancements/"> <img src="https://optica-org-web-afd-f9abf4byhbacgfgk.z02.azurefd.net/optica/media/optica/about/newsroom/2022/logo-cleo-2017.png?t=637889980569468308" class="img-responsive" style="max-width: 480px; height: auto;" alt="CLEO 2022 Plenary Speakers Highlight Advancements in Quantum Systems, Optical Imaging, Ultrafast Las" /> </a> </div> </div> <hr class="border-dark mb-2" /> <div class="news-release mb-2"> <div class="news-release__body"> <h4> <a target="_blank" href="/optica_blog/2022/may/rochester_local_section_president_and_russian_scie/">Rochester Local Section President and Russian Scientist Filipp Ignatovich Shares Impact of War in Uk</a> </h4> <p> <p>Filipp Ignatovich shares how his family and others in Ukraine and Russia have been affected by war and offers a perspective on how to assist victims of the conflict. </p> </p> <p class="news-release__date"> <strong>Added:</strong> 24 May 2022 </p> </div> <div class="news-release__image"> <a target="_blank" href="/optica_blog/2022/may/rochester_local_section_president_and_russian_scie/"> <img src="https://optica-org-web-afd-f9abf4byhbacgfgk.z02.azurefd.net/optica/media/optica/about/newsroom/2022/rochester_and_ukraine.jpg?t=637889902276453639" class="img-responsive" style="max-width: 480px; height: auto;" alt="Rochester Local Section President and Russian Scientist Filipp Ignatovich Shares Impact of War in Uk" /> </a> </div> </div> <hr class="border-dark mb-2" /> <div class="news-release mb-2"> <div class="news-release__body"> <h4> <a target="_blank" href="/optica_blog/2022/may/our_future_is_light_celebrating_light_day_2022/">Our Future is Light: Celebrating Light Day 2022</a> </h4> <p> <p>Optica celebrates the International Day of Light and the role light plays in our global society through science, culture, art, education and sustainable developmnet. </p> </p> <p class="news-release__date"> <strong>Added:</strong> 13 May 2022 </p> </div> <div class="news-release__image"> <a target="_blank" href="/optica_blog/2022/may/our_future_is_light_celebrating_light_day_2022/"> <img src="https://optica-org-web-afd-f9abf4byhbacgfgk.z02.azurefd.net/optica/media/optica/about/newsroom/2022/international_day_of_light_logo.jpg?t=637880584581916210" class="img-responsive" style="max-width: 480px; height: auto;" alt="Our Future is Light: Celebrating Light Day 2022" /> </a> </div> </div> <hr class="border-dark mb-2" /> <div class="news-release mb-2"> <div class="news-release__body"> <h4> <a target="_blank" href="/optica_blog/2022/may/nist_scientist_michelle_bailey_talks_optical_sensi/">NIST Scientist Michelle Bailey Talks Optical Sensing of the Atmosphere </a> </h4> <p> <p>Optical scientists are rising to the challenge, deploying atmospheric sensing technologies to measure and monitor pollution on local, regional and global scales, to better understand climate change and its impact on different areas of the world. Read our recap of a recent webinar Optical Sensing of the Atmosphere—From the Laboratory to Global Monitoring.</p> </p> <p class="news-release__date"> <strong>Added:</strong> 13 May 2022 </p> </div> <div class="news-release__image"> <a target="_blank" href="/optica_blog/2022/may/nist_scientist_michelle_bailey_talks_optical_sensi/"> <img src="https://optica-org-web-afd-f9abf4byhbacgfgk.z02.azurefd.net/optica/media/optica/about/newsroom/2022/hurricane_from_space.jpg?t=637880575958571018" class="img-responsive" style="max-width: 480px; height: auto;" alt="NIST Scientist Michelle Bailey Talks Optical Sensing of the Atmosphere " /> </a> </div> </div> <hr class="border-dark mb-2" /> <div> <input class="searchfield" data-val="true" data-val-required="The PageNumber field is required." id="PageNumber" name="PageNumber" type="hidden" value="1" /> <input class="searchfield" data-val="true" data-val-required="The PageSize field is required." id="PageSize" name="PageSize" type="hidden" value="10" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="footer bg-black pb-3"> <div class="container py-2"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4 py-1 py-lg-2"> <svg class="my-2" viewBox="0 0 778.66 208.72" fill="currentColor" style="max-width: 255px;"> <path d="M6.94,192.36l-2.84,8H0l9.83-27.82h5.11l10.24,27.82h-4.38l-2.94-8H6.94ZM16.85,188.86c-2.52-7-3.94-10.9-4.56-13.09h0c-.68,2.43-2.26,7.07-4.3,13.09h8.86Z" /> <path d="M46.09,170.97v29.37h-3.78c-.11-.91-.17-1.82-.19-2.74-1,2-3,3.22-6.3,3.22-5.22,0-8.45-4.23-8.45-10.47s3.47-10.88,9.14-10.88c3.48,0,5.08,1.37,5.61,2.47v-11l3.97.03ZM31.48,190.23c0,4.74,2.19,7.31,5.3,7.31,4.6,0,5.53-3.47,5.53-7.64s-.86-7.15-5.28-7.15c-3.47,0-5.55,2.75-5.55,7.48Z" /> <path d="M53.8,179.95c2.59,8.06,4.52,14.26,5.1,16.78h0c.51-2.48,2.65-8.59,5.46-16.78h4l-7.42,20.39h-4.27l-7.08-20.39h4.21Z" /> <path d="M86.73,195.73c-.01,1.54.08,3.08.28,4.61h-3.76c-.21-.83-.32-1.68-.32-2.54-.72,1.32-2.3,3-6.19,3-4.83,0-6.89-3.15-6.89-6.26,0-4.57,3.61-6.67,9.65-6.67h3.37v-1.64c0-1.73-.56-3.77-4.15-3.77-3.2,0-3.77,1.55-4.12,3.12h-3.79c.28-3,2.12-6.15,8-6.13,5.08,0,7.88,2.07,7.88,6.75l.04,9.53ZM82.94,190.53h-3.1c-3.94,0-5.94,1.1-5.94,3.8,0,2,1.35,3.48,3.77,3.48,4.65,0,5.27-3.15,5.27-6.65v-.63Z" /> <path d="M92.62,185.09c0-1.77,0-3.58-.05-5.14h3.82c.1.58.16,2.59.16,3.2.79-1.66,2.45-3.68,6.32-3.68s6.8,2.42,6.8,7.78v13.09h-3.93v-12.6c0-2.93-1.12-4.93-4.11-4.93-3.57,0-5.08,2.62-5.08,6.62v10.91h-3.93v-15.25Z" /> <path d="M131.87,194.03c-.84,3.49-3.22,6.79-8.58,6.79-5.75,0-9.19-4.11-9.19-10.56,0-5.81,3.35-10.79,9.45-10.79s8.08,4.33,8.32,6.9h-3.93c-.31-2.21-2.27-3.81-4.5-3.67-3.41,0-5.34,2.93-5.34,7.43s1.9,7.48,5.23,7.48c2.43,0,3.83-1.32,4.6-3.58h3.94Z" /> <path d="M136.26,170.97h3.93v4.52h-3.93v-4.52ZM136.26,179.97h3.93v20.39h-3.93v-20.39Z" /> <path d="M146.05,185.09v-5.14h3.82c.1.58.15,2.59.15,3.2.79-1.66,2.45-3.68,6.32-3.68s6.8,2.42,6.8,7.78v13.09h-3.93v-12.6c0-2.93-1.12-4.93-4.11-4.93-3.57,0-5.08,2.62-5.08,6.62v10.91h-3.93l-.04-15.25Z" /> <path d="M186.04,198.38c0,6.53-2.64,10.34-9.51,10.34-6.42,0-8.24-3.6-8.58-6.28h4c.56,2.07,2.21,3.21,4.74,3.21,4.45,0,5.51-2.8,5.51-7.36v-1.52c-1.08,2.19-2.92,3.44-6.26,3.44-5.08,0-8.43-4.15-8.43-10,0-6.6,3.86-10.71,8.82-10.71,3.82,0,5.43,1.79,5.87,3.07,0-.85.13-2.18.17-2.59h3.72c0,1.3-.06,3.92-.06,5.88v12.52ZM171.59,190.01c0,4.15,2.14,6.9,5.31,6.9,4.21,0,5.42-2.83,5.42-7.15s-1.09-7-5.3-7c-3.51-.01-5.43,2.9-5.43,7.25Z" /> <path d="M227.1,186.29c0,7.66-4.36,14.45-13.17,14.45-8.3,0-12.87-6.33-12.87-14.31s4.74-14.31,13.2-14.31c7.89,0,12.84,5.85,12.84,14.17ZM205.37,186.29c0,5.9,2.95,10.95,8.73,10.95,6.25,0,8.69-5.16,8.69-10.92s-2.77-10.74-8.7-10.74-8.72,4.89-8.72,10.73v-.02Z" /> <path d="M235.94,197.96v10.36h-3.91v-28.41h3.82c.1,1.02.14,2.05.13,3.08,1.3-2.35,3.84-3.74,6.52-3.56,4.69,0,8.14,3.93,8.14,10.15,0,7.27-3.93,11.2-8.87,11.2-3.3.04-4.98-1.28-5.83-2.82ZM246.57,189.78c0-4.21-1.88-7-5.21-7-4,0-5.59,2.56-5.59,7.35s1.3,7.44,5.33,7.44c3.54-.01,5.43-2.94,5.43-7.79h.04Z" /> <path d="M252.49,179.95h3.45v-5.92h3.93v5.92h4.4v3.14h-4.4v11.58c0,1.9.48,2.83,2.29,2.83.57.01,1.13-.04,1.69-.15v2.88c-1.04.3-2.12.43-3.2.38-3.33,0-4.71-1.74-4.71-5.16v-12.36h-3.45v-3.14Z" /> <path d="M267.88,170.97h3.93v4.52h-3.93v-4.52ZM267.88,179.97h3.93v20.39h-3.93v-20.39Z" /> <path d="M294.05,194.03c-.84,3.49-3.21,6.79-8.57,6.79-5.76,0-9.2-4.11-9.2-10.56,0-5.81,3.35-10.79,9.45-10.79s8.08,4.33,8.32,6.9h-3.88c-.32-2.21-2.28-3.81-4.51-3.67-3.41,0-5.34,2.93-5.34,7.43s1.9,7.48,5.23,7.48c2.43,0,3.83-1.32,4.6-3.58h3.9Z" /> <path d="M300.66,194.45c.56,2.11,2.14,3.35,4.78,3.35,2.82,0,3.92-1.19,3.92-2.92s-.93-2.61-4.63-3.51c-6-1.46-7.18-3.29-7.18-6.08s2.12-5.82,7.54-5.82,7.58,3.11,7.83,5.93h-3.79c-.27-1.21-1.17-3-4.21-3-2.67,0-3.47,1.27-3.47,2.52,0,1.43.8,2.13,4.45,3,6.31,1.49,7.49,3.61,7.49,6.63,0,3.53-2.78,6.23-8.08,6.23s-8-2.73-8.55-6.37l3.9.04Z" /> <path d="M343.32,195.73c-.01,1.54.08,3.08.28,4.61h-3.76c-.21-.83-.32-1.68-.32-2.54-.72,1.32-2.3,3-6.19,3-4.83,0-6.89-3.15-6.89-6.26,0-4.57,3.61-6.67,9.65-6.67h3.37v-1.64c0-1.73-.56-3.77-4.15-3.77-3.2,0-3.77,1.55-4.12,3.12h-3.79c.28-3,2.12-6.15,8-6.13,5.08,0,7.88,2.07,7.88,6.75l.04,9.53ZM339.48,190.53h-3.1c-3.94,0-5.94,1.1-5.94,3.8,0,2,1.35,3.48,3.77,3.48,4.65,0,5.27-3.15,5.27-6.65v-.63Z" /> <path d="M349.21,185.09v-5.14h3.82c.09.58.15,2.59.15,3.2.79-1.66,2.45-3.68,6.32-3.68s6.8,2.42,6.8,7.78v13.09h-3.93v-12.6c0-2.93-1.12-4.93-4.11-4.93-3.57,0-5.08,2.62-5.08,6.62v10.91h-3.93l-.04-15.25Z" /> <path d="M389.36,170.97v29.37h-3.78c-.11-.91-.18-1.82-.19-2.74-1,2-3,3.22-6.3,3.22-5.22,0-8.46-4.23-8.46-10.47s3.48-10.88,9.15-10.88c3.48,0,5.08,1.37,5.61,2.47v-11l3.97.03ZM374.75,190.23c0,4.74,2.18,7.31,5.3,7.31,4.6,0,5.53-3.47,5.53-7.64s-.86-7.15-5.28-7.15c-3.47,0-5.55,2.75-5.55,7.48Z" /> <path d="M405.94,172.52h10.7c5.51,0,9.27,3.08,9.27,8.19,0,5.54-4,8.4-9.47,8.4h-6.39v11.23h-4.11v-27.82ZM410.09,185.68h6.09c3.62,0,5.54-1.71,5.54-4.87s-2.27-4.87-5.39-4.87h-6.24v9.74Z" /> <path d="M434.03,170.97v11.87c1.28-2.22,3.7-3.52,6.26-3.37,3.38,0,6.86,1.88,6.86,7.84v13h-3.91v-12.36c0-3.31-1.37-5.14-4.22-5.14-3.56,0-5,2.41-5,6.45v11.08h-3.93v-29.37h3.94Z" /> <path d="M470.82,190.11c0,5.93-3.44,10.71-9.71,10.71-5.94,0-9.5-4.52-9.5-10.64s3.53-10.71,9.73-10.71c5.73,0,9.48,4.24,9.48,10.64ZM455.64,190.11c0,4.36,2.13,7.44,5.61,7.44s5.53-2.94,5.53-7.43-2-7.46-5.61-7.46-5.53,2.9-5.53,7.49v-.04Z" /> <path d="M472.7,179.95h3.46v-5.92h3.93v5.92h4.4v3.14h-4.4v11.58c0,1.9.48,2.83,2.29,2.83.57.01,1.13-.04,1.69-.15v2.88c-1.04.3-2.12.43-3.2.38-3.33,0-4.71-1.74-4.71-5.16v-12.36h-3.46v-3.14Z" /> <path d="M505.78,190.11c0,5.93-3.43,10.71-9.71,10.71-5.93,0-9.5-4.52-9.5-10.64s3.53-10.71,9.74-10.71c5.73,0,9.47,4.24,9.47,10.64ZM490.61,190.11c0,4.36,2.13,7.44,5.61,7.44s5.53-2.94,5.53-7.43-2-7.46-5.61-7.46-5.53,2.9-5.53,7.49v-.04Z" /> <path d="M510.23,185.09v-5.14h3.82c.1.58.16,2.59.16,3.2.79-1.66,2.45-3.68,6.32-3.68s6.8,2.42,6.8,7.78v13.09h-3.93v-12.6c0-2.93-1.12-4.93-4.11-4.93-3.57,0-5.08,2.62-5.08,6.62v10.91h-3.93l-.05-15.25Z" /> <path d="M533.08,170.97h3.93v4.52h-3.93v-4.52ZM533.08,179.97h3.93v20.39h-3.93v-20.39Z" /> <path d="M559.25,194.03c-.84,3.49-3.21,6.79-8.57,6.79-5.76,0-9.19-4.11-9.19-10.56,0-5.81,3.34-10.79,9.45-10.79s8.08,4.33,8.31,6.9h-3.88c-.32-2.21-2.28-3.81-4.51-3.67-3.41,0-5.34,2.93-5.34,7.43s1.9,7.48,5.23,7.48c2.43,0,3.83-1.32,4.6-3.58h3.9Z" /> <path d="M565.86,194.45c.56,2.11,2.15,3.35,4.78,3.35,2.82,0,3.92-1.19,3.92-2.92s-.93-2.61-4.63-3.51c-6-1.46-7.18-3.29-7.18-6.08s2.12-5.82,7.54-5.82,7.58,3.11,7.83,5.93h-3.79c-.27-1.21-1.17-3-4.21-3-2.67,0-3.47,1.27-3.47,2.52,0,1.43.8,2.13,4.45,3,6.31,1.49,7.49,3.61,7.49,6.63,0,3.53-2.78,6.23-8.08,6.23s-8-2.73-8.55-6.37l3.9.04Z" /> <path d="M598.33,200.34l-7.39-27.82h4.37c2.25,9.81,4.91,20.21,5.39,23.37h0c.79-3.88,4.4-16.34,6.18-23.37h3.93c1.62,6,5.24,19.54,5.91,23.2h0c.9-5.06,4.57-17.75,6-23.2h4.06l-8,27.82h-4.39c-1.64-6.35-5-18.81-5.74-22.41h0c-.87,4.3-4.25,16.17-6,22.41h-4.32Z" /> <path d="M646.65,190.11c0,5.93-3.43,10.71-9.7,10.71-5.94,0-9.5-4.52-9.5-10.64s3.52-10.71,9.73-10.71c5.76,0,9.47,4.24,9.47,10.64ZM631.48,190.11c0,4.36,2.13,7.44,5.61,7.44s5.53-2.94,5.53-7.43-2-7.46-5.61-7.46-5.53,2.9-5.53,7.49v-.04Z" /> <path d="M651.08,185.49v-5.54h3.86c.06.55.12,2.23.12,4,1.08-2.8,3.81-4.62,6.81-4.53v3.87c-4.17.08-6.81,2.06-6.81,7.3v9.7h-3.93l-.05-14.8Z" /> <path d="M665.42,200.34v-29.37h3.93v29.37h-3.93Z" /> <path d="M692.49,170.97v29.37h-3.78c-.11-.91-.17-1.82-.19-2.74-1,2-3,3.22-6.29,3.22-5.23,0-8.46-4.23-8.46-10.47s3.47-10.88,9.14-10.88c3.48,0,5.08,1.37,5.61,2.47v-11l3.97.03ZM677.88,190.23c0,4.74,2.19,7.31,5.3,7.31,4.6,0,5.53-3.47,5.53-7.64s-.86-7.15-5.27-7.15c-3.5,0-5.56,2.75-5.56,7.48Z" /> <path d="M700.19,179.95c2.4,9.3,3.76,14.61,4.12,16.79h.06c.37-2,1.65-6.69,4.46-16.79h3.8c3,11.25,3.92,14.52,4.24,16.43h0c.49-2.17,1.27-5.23,4.3-16.43h4l-6.23,20.39h-4.24c-1.93-7.49-3.69-13.83-4.13-16.13h0c-.36,2.29-2.05,8.19-4.25,16.13h-4.38l-5.89-20.39h4.14Z" /> <path d="M728.94,170.97h3.94v4.52h-3.94v-4.52ZM728.94,179.97h3.94v20.39h-3.94v-20.39Z" /> <path d="M755.94,170.97v29.37h-3.7c-.11-.91-.18-1.82-.2-2.74-1,2-3,3.22-6.29,3.22-5.22,0-8.46-4.23-8.46-10.47s3.48-10.88,9.15-10.88c3.48,0,5.08,1.37,5.6,2.47v-11l3.9.03ZM741.36,190.23c0,4.74,2.19,7.31,5.31,7.31,4.6,0,5.53-3.47,5.53-7.64s-.86-7.15-5.28-7.15c-3.47,0-5.56,2.75-5.56,7.48Z" /> <path d="M764.36,190.9c0,3.83,2,6.69,5.29,6.69,3,0,4-1.52,4.66-3h4c-.79,2.59-3,6.19-8.73,6.19-6.47,0-9.14-5.17-9.14-10.44,0-6.13,3.1-10.91,9.36-10.91,6.66,0,8.86,5.24,8.86,9.73.01.57,0,1.13-.06,1.7l-14.24.04ZM774.64,188.23c0-3.16-1.59-5.72-4.93-5.72s-4.9,2.37-5.23,5.72h10.16Z" /> <path d="M134.07,67.55c.03,37.24-30.14,67.45-67.38,67.48-33.29.02-61.61-24.24-66.69-57.14h20c5.71,25.73,31.21,41.96,56.94,36.25s41.96-31.21,36.25-56.94S81.98,15.24,56.25,20.95c-17.7,3.93-31.64,17.54-35.99,35.14H.16C6.49,19.39,41.37-5.23,78.06,1.1c32.35,5.58,55.98,33.63,55.98,66.46h.03ZM442.64,132.79h20.58V2.31h-20.58v130.48ZM229.54,2.31h-65.94v130.48h20.58V21.47h41.68c18.58,0,28,6.19,28,18.89,0,14.71-15.22,18.36-28,18.36h-19.92v19.17h24.09c12.65,0,23.55-3.25,31.53-9.39,8.62-6.63,13.18-16.74,13.18-28.14.04-22.91-18.14-38.05-45.2-38.05ZM342.35,132.79h20.59V38.12h-20.59v94.67ZM295.14,2.31h115v19.16h-115V2.31ZM715.49,2.31h-18.93l-63.12,130.47h22.21l50.38-104.12,23.91,49.23h-26l-9.24,19.17h44.46l17.23,35.72h22.21L715.49,2.31ZM608.49,82.45c-8.23,25.05-35.21,38.68-60.26,30.44s-38.68-35.21-30.44-60.26c8.23-25.05,35.21-38.68,60.26-30.44,13.82,4.54,24.81,15.14,29.86,28.78h20.59c-9.14-36.15-45.86-58.04-82-48.9-36.15,9.14-58.04,45.86-48.9,82,9.14,36.15,45.86,58.04,82,48.9,24.62-6.23,43.67-25.75,49.29-50.52h-20.4Z" /> </svg> <p class="small">Copyright 漏 2024 Optica</p> <p class="small">www.optica.org</p> <ul class="list-unstyled list-inline"> </ul> </div> <nav class="col-md-3 py-1 py-lg-2"> <h6 class="small text-uppercase font-weight-bold mb-2">Optica.org</h6> <ul class="small list-unstyled"> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/publications/" > Publications </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/events/" > Events </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/membership/" > Membership </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/industry/" > Industry Resources </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="col-md-3 py-1 py-lg-2"> <h6 class="small text-uppercase font-weight-bold mb-2">Information</h6> <ul class="small list-unstyled"> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/help/" > Help </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/about/contact/" > Contact Us </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/about/policies/" > Policies & Legal </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="col-md-2 py-1 py-lg-2"> <h6 class="small text-uppercase font-weight-bold mb-2">Helpful Links</h6> <ul class="small list-unstyled"> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="https://account.osa.org/eweb/dynamicpage.aspx?webcode=member&mbr_src_code=OSAWEBS&utm_source=osaHome&utm_campaign=StudentMembership_SignUpLink&utm_medium=footer&utm_content=footerLink" target='_blank' > Join Optica or Renew </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="https://opticastore.org/" target='_blank' > Store </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-inline-block pb-1" href="/events/" > Find an Event </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="mobile-nav" id="mobileNavMenu" data-keyboard="false" data-backdrop="false" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="mobileNavMenuLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="container p-0"> <div id="mobileSearchWrapper" class="p-1 w-100"> <div class="mobile-nav__search" id="mobileSearchForm"> <input type="text" id="siteSearchMobile" placeholder="SEARCH HERE" class="mobile-nav__search-input"/> <button type="submit" id="siteSearchMobileButton" class="mobile-nav__search-submit"> <span class="sr-only">Search</span> <span class="fa-regular fa-magnifying-glass h5" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </div> </div> <ul class="mobile-nav__list"> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="mobile-nav__link js-mobile-shelf w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" type="button" href="#" data-target="#mobileNavMenu242" aria-controls="#mobileNavMenu242"> <span>Events</span> <span class="fa fa-chevron-right"></span> </a> <div id=mobileNavMenu242 class="mobile-nav__sub-menu p-1" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <a href="#" class="mobile-nav__sub-menu-back" aria-label="Back"> <span class="fa fa-chevron-left mr-1"></span>Back </a> <h5 class="text-uppercase text-white"> Events </h5> <ul class="mobile-nav__list pl-1"> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/events/"> Overview </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/events/meeting_opportunities/"> Services </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/events/meeting_archives/"> Archives </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/events/"> Event Calendar </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/events/speakers/"> Speaker Resources </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="mobile-nav__link js-mobile-shelf w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" type="button" href="#" data-target="#mobileNavMenu241" aria-controls="#mobileNavMenu241"> <span>Membership</span> <span class="fa fa-chevron-right"></span> </a> <div id=mobileNavMenu241 class="mobile-nav__sub-menu p-1" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <a href="#" class="mobile-nav__sub-menu-back" aria-label="Back"> <span class="fa fa-chevron-left mr-1"></span>Back </a> <h5 class="text-uppercase text-white"> Membership </h5> <ul class="mobile-nav__list pl-1"> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/membership/"> Overview </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/membership/join/individual/"> Individual </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/membership/join/corporate/"> Corporate </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/membership/distinguished_honorary/"> Distinguished & Honorary </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/membership/member_programs/"> Member Programs </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/membership/member_resources/"> Member Resources </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/membership/join/"> Join Optica </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/membership/benefits_services/"> Benefits & Services </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="mobile-nav__link w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/publications/"> Publications </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="mobile-nav__link js-mobile-shelf w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" type="button" href="#" data-target="#mobileNavMenu243" aria-controls="#mobileNavMenu243"> <span>Industry Resources</span> <span class="fa fa-chevron-right"></span> </a> <div id=mobileNavMenu243 class="mobile-nav__sub-menu p-1" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <a href="#" class="mobile-nav__sub-menu-back" aria-label="Back"> <span class="fa fa-chevron-left mr-1"></span>Back </a> <h5 class="text-uppercase text-white"> Industry Resources </h5> <ul class="mobile-nav__list pl-1"> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/industry/"> Overview </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/industry/corporate_membership/"> Corporate Membership </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/industry/industry_events/"> Industry Events </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/industry/online_industry_library/"> Market Intelligence </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/industry/exhibitions/"> Marketing </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="mobile-nav__link js-mobile-shelf w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" type="button" href="#" data-target="#mobileNavMenu246" aria-controls="#mobileNavMenu246"> <span>Community</span> <span class="fa fa-chevron-right"></span> </a> <div id=mobileNavMenu246 class="mobile-nav__sub-menu p-1" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <a href="#" class="mobile-nav__sub-menu-back" aria-label="Back"> <span class="fa fa-chevron-left mr-1"></span>Back </a> <h5 class="text-uppercase text-white"> Community </h5> <ul class="mobile-nav__list pl-1"> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/get_involved/"> Overview </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/get_involved/awards_and_honors/"> Awards & Honors </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/get_involved/diversity_inclusion/"> Diversity, Equity and Inclusion </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/get_involved/earlycareer/"> Early Career </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/get_involved/education_outreach/"> Education Outreach </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/get_involved/public_policy/"> Global Policy & Affairs </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/get_involved/local_section/"> Local Sections </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/get_involved/students/"> Students </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/get_involved/technical_groups/"> Technical Groups </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/get_involved/volunteer/"> Volunteer </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="mobile-nav__list"> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="mobile-nav__link mobile-nav__link--secondary w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/foundation/"> Foundation </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="mobile-nav__link mobile-nav__link--secondary js-mobile-shelf w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" type="button" href="#" data-target="#mobileNavMenu244" aria-controls="#mobileNavMenu244"> <span>Careers</span> <span class="fa fa-chevron-right"></span> </a> <div id=mobileNavMenu244 class="mobile-nav__sub-menu p-1" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <a href="#" class="mobile-nav__sub-menu-back" aria-label="Back"> <span class="fa fa-chevron-left mr-1"></span>Back </a> <h5 class="text-uppercase text-white"> Careers </h5> <ul class="mobile-nav__list pl-1"> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/careers/"> Explore Careers </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/careers/for_employers/"> For Employers </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/careers/professional_development/"> Professional Development </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="mobile-nav__link mobile-nav__link--secondary js-mobile-shelf w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" type="button" href="#" data-target="#mobileNavMenu247" aria-controls="#mobileNavMenu247"> <span>About</span> <span class="fa fa-chevron-right"></span> </a> <div id=mobileNavMenu247 class="mobile-nav__sub-menu p-1" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <a href="#" class="mobile-nav__sub-menu-back" aria-label="Back"> <span class="fa fa-chevron-left mr-1"></span>Back </a> <h5 class="text-uppercase text-white"> About </h5> <ul class="mobile-nav__list pl-1"> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/about/"> About Optica </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/about/leadership_and_volunteers/"> Leadership & Volunteers </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/about/optica_community/"> Optica Community </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/about/newsroom/"> Newsroom </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/about/what_is_optics/"> What is Optics </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/history/"> Living History </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/history/milestones/"> Milestone Events & Celebrations </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/history/optica_timeline/"> Optica Timeline </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/history/biographies/"> Biographies & Memoirs </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/history/multimedia/"> Multimedia </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/history/optica_nobel_laureates/"> Optica Nobel Laureates </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/history/amplify_black_voices_in_optics/"> Amplify Black Voices in Optics </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="js-mobile-submenu-link mb-2 w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/history/faces_of_optica/"> Faces of Optica </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="mobile-nav__list"> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> <a class="mobile-nav__link mobile-nav__link--secondary w-100 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" href="/account/login/?returnUrl=%2Foptica_blog%2F2022%2Fmay%2F"> Log In </a> <li class="mobile-nav__item"> </ul> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center bg-lighterblue w-100 mt-auto p-1"> <button aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" class="btn align-self-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#otherSitesModalMobile" id="sitesMenuButtonMobile"> <i class="fa-solid fa-grid-round mr-1"></i>Other Sites </button> <div id="otherSitesModalMobile" aria-labelledby="sitesMenuButtonMobile" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="modal fade border-gray-200 p-0"> <div class="modal-dialog m-0 w-100 modal-dialog-othersites bg-lightblue"> <div class="modal-content container px-0 bg-transparent border-0"> <div class="modal-header border-0 px-lg-0 py-lg-2"> <h5 class="modal-title"> <span class="fa-solid fa-grid-round mr-1"></span> Other sites </h5> <button class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="close" type="button"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body px-lg-0 py-lg-2"> <ul class="app-menu"> <li class="app-menu__item"> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://awards.optica.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> BEAM </a> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.cleoconference.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> CLEO </a> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.frontiersinoptics.com"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> FIO+LS </a> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.gemminitiative.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> GEMM Initiative </a> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <a class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.optica.org/history"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> Living History </a> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.lightourfuture.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> NPI </a> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.ofcconference.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> OFC </a> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.optica-opn.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> OPN </a> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://opg.optica.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> Optica Publishing Group </a> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.opticastore.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> Optica Store </a> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://www.optics4kids.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> Optics 4 Kids </a> </li> <li class="app-menu__item"> <a target='_blank' class="app-menu__link card--rounded" href="https://prism.optica.org"> <span class="fa-regular fa-circle-right"></span> Prism </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <script type="text/javascript"> WebFontConfig = { google: { families: ['Archivo:400,400italic,700,700italic:latin', 'Karla:400,400italic,700,700italic:latin'] } }; (function () { var wf = document.createElement('script'); wf.src = 'https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/webfont/1/webfont.js'; wf.type = 'text/javascript'; wf.async = 'true'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(wf, s); })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript">(function (w, d, u) { w.readyQ = []; w.bindReadyQ = []; function p(x, y) { if (x == "ready") { w.bindReadyQ.push(y); } else { w.readyQ.push(x); } }; var a = { ready: p, bind: p }; w.$ = w.jQuery = function (f) { if (f === d || f === u) { return a } else { p(f) } } })(window, document);</script> <script src="/osaorg/js/vendor/modernizr-2.6.1-respond-1.1.0.min.js?v=HOB5DSNVlN38S9Fr-eXwyC7AvZgERpLFIHJao5rdGYg"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/combine/npm/jquery@3.5.1/dist/jquery.slim.min.js,npm/popper.js@1.16.1,npm/bootstrap@4.5.0,npm/masonry-layout@4.2.2/dist/masonry.pkgd.min.js"></script> <script> var gaAcct = 'UA-1200622-1'; function downloadJSAtOnload() { var element = document.createElement("script"); element.src = "/osaorg/js/loadJS.js?v=1"; document.body.appendChild(element); } if (window.addEventListener) window.addEventListener("load", downloadJSAtOnload, false); else if (window.attachEvent) window.attachEvent("onload", downloadJSAtOnload); else window.onload = downloadJSAtOnload; </script> <script src="/_content/Kentico.Content.Web.Rcl/Scripts/jquery-3.5.1.js"></script> <script src="/_content/Kentico.Content.Web.Rcl/Scripts/jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.js"></script> <script src="/_content/Kentico.Content.Web.Rcl/Content/Bundles/Public/systemFormComponents.min.js"></script> <script src="/osaorg/js/ViewComponentSearch.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function () { Initialize('BlogSearchResults'); $('#SearchButton').click(function () { RunSearch(); }); }); </script> <script type="module" src="/assets/js/main-ae073987.js?v=-PMcRq9VoaTvaJufF8ja_azii8eTF0b4dI0bhCdq-CI"></script> <img src="https://account.optica.org/eWeb/images/img_transparent.gif" style="display:none;" alt="Image for keeping the session alive"/> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

May | Optica