CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Louis H. Carpenter - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"eb67ab46-ae43-41c0-bee7-8a70a00f6840","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Louis_H._Carpenter","wgTitle":"Louis H. Carpenter","wgCurRevisionId":1256437458,"wgRevisionId":1256437458,"wgArticleId":23487074,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1: long volume value","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","CS1 errors: missing periodical","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from April 2016","Pages using infobox military person with both image and medal","Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States Army Center of Military History","Good articles", "Buffalo Soldiers","1839 births","1916 deaths","United States Army Medal of Honor recipients","People of New Jersey in the American Civil War","Union army officers","United States Army soldiers","United States Army officers","American military personnel of the Spanish–American War","Cavalry commanders","People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War","Texas–Indian Wars","19th-century American writers","American Indian Wars recipients of the Medal of Honor","People from Glassboro, New Jersey","Military personnel from New Jersey"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Louis_H._Carpenter","wgRelevantArticleId":23487074,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Louis_Henry_Carpenter","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}}, "wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Louis_H._Carpenter","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q16059138","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth", "ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/LouisHCarpenter.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1843"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/LouisHCarpenter.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1229"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="983"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Louis H. Carpenter - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_H._Carpenter"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_H._Carpenter"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Louis_H_Carpenter rootpage-Louis_H_Carpenter skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Louis+H.+Carpenter" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Louis+H.+Carpenter" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Louis+H.+Carpenter" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Louis+H.+Carpenter" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life and family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Military service</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Military_service-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Military service subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Military_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-American_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>American Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gettysburg_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gettysburg_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Gettysburg campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gettysburg_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Brandy_Station" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Brandy_Station"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.1</span> <span>Battle of Brandy Station</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Brandy_Station-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Fairfield" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Fairfield"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.2</span> <span>Battle of Fairfield</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Fairfield-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overland_Campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overland_Campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Overland Campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overland_Campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-5th_U.S._Colored_Cavalry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#5th_U.S._Colored_Cavalry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>5th U.S. Colored Cavalry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-5th_U.S._Colored_Cavalry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_Battle_of_Saltville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Battle_of_Saltville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3.1</span> <span>First Battle of Saltville</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Battle_of_Saltville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3.2</span> <span>Problems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stoneman's_1864_Winter_Raid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stoneman's_1864_Winter_Raid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3.3</span> <span>Stoneman's 1864 Winter Raid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stoneman's_1864_Winter_Raid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ambush_at_Simpsonville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambush_at_Simpsonville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3.4</span> <span>Ambush at Simpsonville</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambush_at_Simpsonville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Command_of_the_5th_USCC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Command_of_the_5th_USCC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3.5</span> <span>Command of the 5th USCC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Command_of_the_5th_USCC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_the_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_the_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>End of the Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_the_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reconstruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconstruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4.1</span> <span>Reconstruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconstruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battles_of_the_5th_USCC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battles_of_the_5th_USCC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4.2</span> <span>Battles of the 5th USCC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battles_of_the_5th_USCC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement_of_the_5th_USCC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement_of_the_5th_USCC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4.3</span> <span>Retirement of the 5th USCC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement_of_the_5th_USCC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loyal_Legion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loyal_Legion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4.4</span> <span>Loyal Legion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loyal_Legion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_Wars_and_frontier_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Wars_and_frontier_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Indian Wars and frontier service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_Wars_and_frontier_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-10th_Cavalry_Regiment–Buffalo_Soldiers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#10th_Cavalry_Regiment–Buffalo_Soldiers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>10th Cavalry Regiment–Buffalo Soldiers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-10th_Cavalry_Regiment–Buffalo_Soldiers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Beecher_Island" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Beecher_Island"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Battle of Beecher Island</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Beecher_Island-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Beaver_Creek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Beaver_Creek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Battle of Beaver Creek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Beaver_Creek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defense_of_the_Wichita_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defense_of_the_Wichita_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Defense of the Wichita I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defense_of_the_Wichita_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satank,_Satanta_and_Big_Tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satank,_Satanta_and_Big_Tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>Satank, Satanta and Big Tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satank,_Satanta_and_Big_Tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defense_of_the_Wichita_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defense_of_the_Wichita_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.6</span> <span>Defense of the Wichita II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defense_of_the_Wichita_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Victorio_Campaign_and_map_making" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victorio_Campaign_and_map_making"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.7</span> <span>Victorio Campaign and map making</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Victorio_Campaign_and_map_making-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rattlesnake_Springs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rattlesnake_Springs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.7.1</span> <span>Rattlesnake Springs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rattlesnake_Springs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pursuit_of_Victorio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pursuit_of_Victorio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.7.2</span> <span>Pursuit of Victorio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pursuit_of_Victorio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Fort_commands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Fort_commands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.8</span> <span>First Fort commands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Fort_commands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_career_and_Spanish–American_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_career_and_Spanish–American_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Late career and Spanish–American War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_career_and_Spanish–American_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Retirement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Honors and awards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honors_and_awards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Honors and awards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medal_of_Honor_citation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medal_of_Honor_citation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Medal of Honor citation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medal_of_Honor_citation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_promotions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_promotions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Military promotions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_promotions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regular_Army[3]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regular_Army[3]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Regular Army<sup><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regular_Army[3]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brevet_promotions[3]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brevet_promotions[3]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Brevet promotions<sup><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brevet_promotions[3]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Volunteers[3]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Volunteers[3]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>U.S. Volunteers<sup><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Volunteers[3]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Known_commands[3]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Known_commands[3]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Known commands<sup><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Known_commands[3]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memberships_and_clubs[3]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memberships_and_clubs[3]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Memberships and clubs<sup><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memberships_and_clubs[3]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Louis H. Carpenter</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="لويس إتش كاربنتر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لويس إتش كاربنتر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_H._Carpenter" title="Louis H. Carpenter – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Louis H. Carpenter" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_H._Carpenter" title="Louis H. Carpenter – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Louis H. Carpenter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="لويس اتش كاربنتر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لويس اتش كاربنتر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16059138#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Louis_H._Carpenter" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Louis_H._Carpenter" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Louis_H._Carpenter"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Louis_H._Carpenter"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Louis_H._Carpenter" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Louis_H._Carpenter" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&oldid=1256437458" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Louis_H._Carpenter&id=1256437458&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLouis_H._Carpenter"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLouis_H._Carpenter"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Louis_H._Carpenter" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16059138" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Henry_Carpenter&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Henry Carpenter">Louis Henry Carpenter</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">19th and early 20th-century US Army brigadier general</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Louis Henry Carpenter</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:LouisHCarpenter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white picture of Louis Carpenter, a white male with a large mustache wearing his US Army uniform. His Army uniform has a high collar with an emblem of crossed swords and the letters U.S. next to it. He is wearing a round hat with an emblem of an eagle clutching something." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/LouisHCarpenter.jpg/220px-LouisHCarpenter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/LouisHCarpenter.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="384" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Brigadier General Louis H. Carpenter, 5th Cavalry</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">L. Henry</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1839-02-11</span>)</span>February 11, 1839<br /><a href="/wiki/Glassboro,_New_Jersey" title="Glassboro, New Jersey">Glassboro, New Jersey</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 21, 1916<span style="display:none">(1916-01-21)</span> (aged 76)<br /><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Place of burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label">Trinity Episcopal Church New Cemetery, <a href="/wiki/Swedesboro,_New_Jersey" title="Swedesboro, New Jersey">Swedesboro, New Jersey</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white image of War Department seal prior to 1947. Later a color version was used for the Department of the Army." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png/25px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png/38px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png/50px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png 2x" data-file-width="2383" data-file-height="2358" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">Department of War</a>–<a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1861–1899</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Army_brigadier_general_rank_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Union_Army_brigadier_general_rank_insignia.svg/35px-Union_Army_brigadier_general_rank_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Union_Army_brigadier_general_rank_insignia.svg/53px-Union_Army_brigadier_general_rank_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Union_Army_brigadier_general_rank_insignia.svg/70px-Union_Army_brigadier_general_rank_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="183" data-file-height="68" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General (United States)">Brigadier General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data">5th US Colored Cavalry 1865–1866 <br />1st Division, 3rd Corps at Chickamauga in May 1898<br />3rd Division, 4th Corps at Tampa, Florida later in 1898<br /> Military Governor of the province of Puerto Principe, Cuba until June 1899.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> <ul><li>14 major campaigns (1861–1865)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Indian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a><br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Edward_Carpenter" title="James Edward Carpenter">James Edward Carpenter</a> (brother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Other work</th><td class="infobox-data">writer and speaker</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Louis Henry Carpenter</b> (February 11, 1839 – January 21, 1916) was a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General (United States)">brigadier general</a> and a recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> for his actions in the American Indian Wars. </p><p>He dropped out of his junior year at <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_College" title="Dickinson College">Dickinson College</a> to enlist in the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a> at the beginning of the American Civil War in 1861. First serving as a private, he was commissioned as an officer the following year. During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, he participated in at least fourteen campaigns, primarily with the <a href="/wiki/6th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">6th U.S. Cavalry</a> Regiment and as regimental commander of the <a href="/wiki/5th_United_States_Colored_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="5th United States Colored Cavalry">5th U.S. Colored Cavalry</a> Regiment. By the end of the Civil War, Carpenter held the rank of brevet lieutenant colonel, colonel of volunteers, and also received a commission as first lieutenant in the Regular <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>. </p><p>Carpenter received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a> while serving with the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Soldiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo Soldiers">Buffalo Soldiers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/10th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">10th U.S. Cavalry</a>. He was noted several times for gallantry in official dispatches. </p><p>After the Civil War and until his transfer back East in 1887, he served primarily on the western frontier. He engaged in warfare with many Native American tribes, dealt with many types of renegades, and explored vast areas of uncharted territory from <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> to <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>, he commanded an occupation force. He was appointed as the first military governor of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Principe,_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Principe, Cuba">Puerto Principe, Cuba</a>. After 38 continuous years of service to his country, he retired from the Army on October 19, 1899, as a <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General (United States)">brigadier general</a>. After his retirement, he became a speaker and a writer. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_family">Early life and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Louis H. Carpenter was a direct descendant (great-great-great-grandson) of immigrant <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Carpenter" title="Samuel Carpenter">Samuel Carpenter</a> (November 4, 1649 <a href="/wiki/Horsham" title="Horsham">Horsham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>–April 10, 1714 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). He came to the British colonies in North America in early 1683 by way of <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The eldest son of eight children born to Edward Carpenter 2nd and Anna Maria (Mary) Howey, Carpenter was born in <a href="/wiki/Glassboro,_New_Jersey" title="Glassboro, New Jersey">Glassboro, New Jersey</a>. In 1843, his family moved to <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, where they attended Trinity Episcopal Church in West Philadelphia.<sup id="cite_ref-Church_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Church-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L. Henry Carpenter attended A. B. Central High School in Philadelphia in 1856 and started attending the Student University of Pennsylvania in 1859.<sup id="cite_ref-Who1911_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His younger brother, <a href="/wiki/James_Edward_Carpenter" title="James Edward Carpenter">James Edward Carpenter</a>, served in the Union army as a private in the Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry and later was commissioned a second lieutenant. He later became a first lieutenant, captain then a brevet major of volunteers.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_service">Military service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Civil_War">American Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: American Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:6thCav.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A computer generated reproduction of the insignia of the Union Army 6th Regiment cavalry branch. The insignia is displayed in gold and consists of two sheafed swords crossing over each other at a 45-degree angle, pointing upwards with a Roman numeral 6" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/6thCav.JPG/125px-6thCav.JPG" decoding="async" width="125" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/6thCav.JPG/188px-6thCav.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/6thCav.JPG/250px-6thCav.JPG 2x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="194" /></a><figcaption>6th Regiment United States Cavalry insignia</figcaption></figure> <p>In July 1861, during his junior year, Carpenter dropped out of <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_College" title="Dickinson College">Dickinson College</a> and joined the <a href="/wiki/6th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">"Fighting Sixth"</a> Cavalry Regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-6thcav_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6thcav-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became a private in the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a>, which later became known as the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Potomac" title="Army of the Potomac">Army of the Potomac</a>. Carpenter was trained as an infantry soldier, who was also capable of riding a horse to the battlefield, and as a mounted scout. As a "horse soldier", Carpenter and others like him had a steep learning curve; it proved difficult and frustrating during the first year of the conflict. He participated in the <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Peninsula Campaign">Peninsula Campaign</a> and chased <a href="/wiki/Jeb_Stuart" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeb Stuart">Jeb Stuart</a>'s cavalry, which went completely around the Union Army (June 13–15, 1862). The Union cavalry commanders and men were nonplussed by the Confederates, who mounted a superior cavalry in the early days of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Eicher_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eicher-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rapid expansion of the Union <a href="/wiki/Cavalry_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Cavalry in the American Civil War">cavalry</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Theater of the American Civil War">East</a> was chaotic. At the beginning of the Civil War, officers were elected by the men or appointed politically; they also earned office by paying for and supplying units. This resulted in many misguided and inept commanders. The tools and techniques of pre-war cavalry often seemed inadequate, resulting in a steep learning curve that was costly in men and <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">supplies</a>. Slowly out of the chaos came the tactics and leaders who proved worthy of the challenge. Union "horse soldiers" became <a href="/wiki/Cavalry_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavalry (United States)">cavalry troopers</a> under this tough regimen and proven adept, dismounted and mounted on horseback, with their <a href="/wiki/Carbines" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbines">carbines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pistols" class="mw-redirect" title="Pistols">pistols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabers" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabers">sabers</a> and confident under their battle-proven leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_Battles" title="Seven Days Battles">Seven Days Battles</a> (June 25 to July 1, 1862), Carpenter was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Regular Army</a>, 6th U. S. Cavalry, on July 17, 1862, for meritorious actions and leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Who1911_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gettysburg_campaign">Gettysburg campaign</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gettysburg campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gettysburg Campaign">Gettysburg Campaign</a> was a series of engagements before and after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Battle of Gettysburg</a>. To better understand Carpenter's role within the military organization, the following brief is provided. For more details, see <a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_Union_order_of_battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Gettysburg Union order of battle">Gettysburg Union order of battle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Eicher_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eicher-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The Army of the Potomac was initially under Major General <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooker" title="Joseph Hooker">Joseph Hooker</a> then under Major General <a href="/wiki/George_G._Meade" class="mw-redirect" title="George G. Meade">George G. Meade</a> on June 28, 1863.</li> <li>The Cavalry Corps was commanded by Major General <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Pleasonton" title="Alfred Pleasonton">Alfred Pleasonton</a>, with divisions commanded by Brigadier Generals <a href="/wiki/John_Buford" title="John Buford">John Buford</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_McM._Gregg" class="mw-redirect" title="David McM. Gregg">David McM. Gregg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Judson_Kilpatrick" title="Hugh Judson Kilpatrick">H. Judson Kilpatrick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Eicher_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eicher-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="25%">Division </th> <th width="25%">Brigade </th> <th>Regiments and Others </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"> <p>First Division: <br />     BG <a href="/wiki/John_Buford" title="John Buford">John Buford</a> (2,748) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reserve Brigade: <p><br />   BG <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Merritt" title="Wesley Merritt">Wesley Merritt</a> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/6th_Pennsylvania_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Pennsylvania Cavalry">6th Pennsylvania Cavalry</a>: Maj James H. Haseltine <br /> <a href="/wiki/U.S._1st_Cavalry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. 1st Cavalry Regiment">1st US</a>: Capt Richard S. C. Lord <br /> <a href="/wiki/U.S._2d_Cavalry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. 2d Cavalry Regiment">2nd US</a>: Capt <a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Francis_Rodenbough" title="Theophilus Francis Rodenbough">Theophilus F. Rodenbough</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/5th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">5th US</a>: Capt Julius W. Mason <br /> <a href="/wiki/6th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">6th US</a>: Maj <a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Starr" title="Samuel H. Starr">Samuel H. Starr</a>, Lt Louis H. Carpenter, Lt <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_M._Nolan" title="Nicholas M. Nolan">Nicholas Nolan</a>, Capt <a href="/wiki/Ira_W._Claflin" title="Ira W. Claflin">Ira W. Claflin</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The following list is the 6th US Cavalry Regiment's documented battles and engagements of June and July 1863 which Carpenter participated. These battle were pivotal for Carpenter. He was a company commander until July 3 then acting executive officer of his regiment after that.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Upperville-battle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Upperville-battle.jpg/400px-Upperville-battle.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Upperville-battle.jpg/600px-Upperville-battle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Upperville-battle.jpg/800px-Upperville-battle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1402" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>The Battle of Upperville: <i>Harper's Weekly</i>, issue date July 18, 1863.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Beverly Ford, Virginia, June 9, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandy_Station" title="Battle of Brandy Station">Battle of Brandy Station</a>. The 6th was under Buford's right wing.</li> <li>Benton's Mill, Virginia, June 17, an engagement near Middleburg.</li> <li>Middleburg, Virginia, June 21, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Middleburg" title="Battle of Middleburg">Battle of Middleburg</a>.</li> <li>Upperville, Virginia, June 21, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Upperville" title="Battle of Upperville">Battle of Upperville</a>.</li> <li>Fairfield, Pennsylvania, July 3, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fairfield" title="Battle of Fairfield">Battle of Fairfield</a>.</li> <li>Williamsport, Maryland, July 6, an engagement.</li> <li>Funkstown, Maryland, July 7, a small engagement.</li> <li>Boonesboro, Maryland, July 8 and 9, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boonesboro" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Boonesboro">Battle of Boonesboro</a>.</li> <li>Funkstown, Maryland, July 10, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Funkstown" title="Battle of Funkstown">Battle of Funkstown</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Battle_of_Brandy_Station">Battle of Brandy Station</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Battle of Brandy Station"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandy_Station" title="Battle of Brandy Station">Battle of Brandy Station</a></div> <p>On June 9, 1863, opposing cavalry forces met at Brandy Station, near <a href="/wiki/Culpeper,_Virginia" title="Culpeper, Virginia">Culpeper, Virginia</a>. The 9,500 <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate</a> cavalrymen under Major General <a href="/wiki/J.E.B._Stuart" class="mw-redirect" title="J.E.B. Stuart">J.E.B. Stuart</a> were surprised at dawn by Major General Alfred Pleasonton's combined arms force of two cavalry divisions of some 8,000 cavalry troops (including the 6th U.S. Cavalry Regiment and Carpenter with his Company H) and 3,000 infantry. Stuart barely repulsed the Union attack and required more time to reorganize and rearm. This inconclusive battle was the largest predominantly cavalry engagement of the Civil War to that time. This battle proved for the first time that the Union horse soldiers, like Carpenter, were equal to their Southern counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Battle_of_Fairfield">Battle of Fairfield</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Battle of Fairfield"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 3, 1863, reports of a slow moving Confederate wagon train in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Pennsylvania" title="Fairfield, Pennsylvania">Fairfield, Pennsylvania</a>, attracted the attention of newly commissioned Union Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Merritt" title="Wesley Merritt">Wesley Merritt</a> of the Reserve Brigade, First Division, Cavalry Corps.<sup id="cite_ref-Gettour_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gettour-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ordered the 6th U.S. Cavalry under Major <a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Starr" title="Samuel H. Starr">Samuel H. Starr</a> to scout Fairfield and locate the wagons, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fairfield" title="Battle of Fairfield">Battle of Fairfield</a>. </p><p>Carpenter's next action was with Major Starr on July 3, 1863. Starr had his 400 troopers dismount in a field and an orchard on both sides of the road near Fairfield. Union troopers directed by their officers took up hasty defensive positions on this slight ridge. Carpenter's troops and others threw back a mounted charge of the <a href="/wiki/7th_Virginia_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Virginia Cavalry">7th Virginia Cavalry</a>, just as the Confederate <a href="/wiki/R._Preston_Chew" title="R. Preston Chew">Chew's Battery</a> unlimbered and opened fire on the Federal cavalrymen. Supported by the <a href="/wiki/6th_Virginia_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Virginia Cavalry">6th Virginia Cavalry</a>, the 7th Virginia charged again,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> clearing Starr's force off the ridge and inflicting heavy losses. General <a href="/wiki/William_E._Jones_(general)" title="William E. Jones (general)">"Grumble" Jones</a>, outnumbering the Union forces by more than 2 to 1, pursued the retreating Federals for three miles to the Fairfield Gap, but was unable to eliminate his quarry. Major Starr who was wounded in the first attack was unable to escape and was captured. Small groups of the 6th Cavalry," ... reformed several miles from the field of action by Lt. Louis H. Carpenter," harassed the Virginia troopers giving the impression of the vanguard of a much larger force. Carpenter became then became the acting executive officer of the Regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-Who1911_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CrossedCavSabers.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A computer generated reproduction of the insignia of the Union Army cavalry branch. The insignia is displayed in gold and consists of two sheathed swords crossing over each other at a 45 degree angle pointing upwards" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/CrossedCavSabers.JPG/220px-CrossedCavSabers.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/CrossedCavSabers.JPG/330px-CrossedCavSabers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/CrossedCavSabers.JPG 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="165" /></a><figcaption>United States Cavalry branch insignia</figcaption></figure> <p>Carpenter, in this fight with others of his small regiment at Fairfield, stood against two of the crack brigades of Stuart's cavalry. The 6th Cavalry's stand was considered one of the most gallant in its history and helped influence the outcome the battles being fought around Gettysburg. While the 6th Cavalry regiment was cut to pieces, it fought so well that its squadrons were regarded as the advance of a large body of troops. The senior officer of those brigades was later criticized severely for being delayed by such an inferior force. Had the 6th Cavalry regiment not made their stand, the two brigades of Virginians could have caused serious problems to the Union rear areas.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lieutenant Carpenter, of Troop H, was one of only three officers of the 6th U.S. Cavalry to escape from the deadly melee at Fairfield on July 3, 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Crawford_Platt" title="George Crawford Platt">George Crawford Platt</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a>, an Irish immigrant serving in Carpenter's Troop H, received the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> on July 12, 1895, for his actions that day at Fairfield. His citation reads, "Seized the regimental flag upon the death of the standard bearer in a hand-to-hand fight and prevented it from falling into the hands of the enemy." His "commander", as an eyewitness, documented Private Platt's "beyond the call of duty" behavior that day.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carpenter was <a href="/wiki/Brevet_(military)" title="Brevet (military)">brevetted</a> from second lieutenant to first lieutenant for his gallant and meritorious conduct for his actions at Fairfield. During this time period, he was mentioned in official reports and dispatches.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OfficialRecords_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OfficialRecords-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Overland_Campaign">Overland Campaign</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Overland Campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheridan_s_Ride.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Sheridan_s_Ride.jpg/300px-Sheridan_s_Ride.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Sheridan_s_Ride.jpg/450px-Sheridan_s_Ride.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Sheridan_s_Ride.jpg/600px-Sheridan_s_Ride.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="916" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Phillip_H._Sheridan#Army_of_the_Shenandoah" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillip H. Sheridan"><i>Sheridan's Ride</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Chromolithograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromolithograph">chromolithograph</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thure_de_Thulstrup" title="Thure de Thulstrup">Thure de Thulstrup</a>. Carpenter is listed as being on the chesnut horse on the far right.</figcaption></figure> <p>On April 5, 1864, Major General <a href="/wiki/Phillip_H._Sheridan#Overland_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillip H. Sheridan">Philip Sheridan</a> was appointed to command the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac under the newly promoted general-in-chief Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carpenter became his <a href="/wiki/Aide-de-camp" title="Aide-de-camp">Aide-de-camp</a> similar to today's <a href="/wiki/Executive_assistant" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive assistant">executive assistant</a> known then as a Field & Staff (F&S) officer to the Cavalry Corps.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Who1911_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unknown how much of an influence Carpenter had on Sheridan on the concept of deploying Union cavalry to become more effective and independent in roles such as long-range raids. Carpenter's treatise on "The Battle of Yellow Tavern" suggests that he had some influence on what was later called the Richmond or Sheridan's Raid.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 8, 1864, at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Overland_Campaign" title="Overland Campaign">Overland Campaign</a>, Sheridan went over his immediate superior, Major General <a href="/wiki/George_G._Meade" class="mw-redirect" title="George G. Meade">Meade's</a> head and told Grant that if his Cavalry Corps were let loose to operate as an independent unit, he could defeat Confederate Major General <a href="/wiki/J.E.B._Stuart" class="mw-redirect" title="J.E.B. Stuart">J.E.B. Stuart</a>. "Jeb" Stuart was the most prominent and able cavalry officer of the south. Grant was intrigued and convinced Meade of the value of Sheridan's request.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The May 1864 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yellow_Tavern" title="Battle of Yellow Tavern">Battle of Yellow Tavern</a> was the first of four major so called strategic raids. The others being the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trevilian_Station" title="Battle of Trevilian Station">Trevilian</a> in June 1864, the <a href="/wiki/Wilson-Kautz_Raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilson-Kautz Raid">Wilson-Kautz</a> in late June, and the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Deep_Bottom" title="First Battle of Deep Bottom">First Deep Bottom</a> in July 1864. Of all of these, only the Battle of Yellow Tavern can be considered a clear Union victory. The defeat and resulting death of "Jeb" Stuart made this clear during the first raid. At best, the follow-up raids diverted Confederate forces required to deal with them from where they were needed elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite what Carpenter and other supporters of Sheridan have written, further raids of this caliber were less than successful. And these raids may have even hindered the Union effort by the lack of reconnaissance and intelligence Sheridan could have otherwise provided.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> How long Carpenter served with Sheridan is not currently known. Carpenter is not mentioned in Sheridan's personal memoirs or other major books on Sheridan.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Brevet_(military)" title="Brevet (military)">Brevet</a> Lieutenant Colonel Carpenter was promoted to first lieutenant in the <a href="/wiki/Regular_Army_(United_States)" title="Regular Army (United States)">Regular Army</a> on September 28, 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was then transferred the District of Kentucky, Department of Ohio and accepted a commission to lieutenant colonel of volunteers with the United States colored Troops.<sup id="cite_ref-Who1911_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="5th_U.S._Colored_Cavalry">5th U.S. Colored Cavalry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 5th U.S. Colored Cavalry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lieutenant Colonel of Volunteers L. Henry Carpenter arrived at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Nelson_Civil_War_Heritage_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Nelson Civil War Heritage Park">Camp Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> on October 1, 1864. The majority of 600 "colored" slaves, ex-slaves and freedmen of what would become the <a href="/wiki/5th_United_States_Colored_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="5th United States Colored Cavalry">5th United States Colored Cavalry</a> (USCC) were absent. The men were then in the field being led by Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/James_Sanks_Brisbin" title="James Sanks Brisbin">James S. Brisbin</a> under <a href="/wiki/Brevet_(military)" title="Brevet (military)">Brevet</a> <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_G._Burbridge" title="Stephen G. Burbridge">Stephen G. Burbridge</a> preparing for an attack on Saltville, Virginia. The 5th USCC would not be officially organized until October 24, 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-M1817_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M1817-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JDSmith_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDSmith-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="First_Battle_of_Saltville">First Battle of Saltville</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: First Battle of Saltville"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late September 1864, Burbridge led a raid into southwest Virginia against the salt works near the town of <a href="/wiki/Saltville,_Virginia" title="Saltville, Virginia">Saltville, Virginia</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saltville_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Saltville I">Battle of Saltville</a> on October 1, 1864. Burbridge controversially led white troops and some 600 mostly untrained <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">black</a> troops into that battle and, despite outstanding effort by the "coloured troops," the raid ultimately failed. Burbridge quickly retreated the next day. Wounded troops (black and white) were left behind on the field of battle. By October 3, an unknown number of surrendered and wounded Union soldiers were killed by <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> regular, home guard and irregular soldiers, with special ire directed toward the black troops.<sup id="cite_ref-JDSmith_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDSmith-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To many this was a <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Champ_Ferguson" title="Champ Ferguson">Champ Ferguson</a>, a captain of <a href="/wiki/Partisan_rangers" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan rangers">partisan rangers</a>, was later found guilty of murdering 53 white and black soldiers at the Battle of Saltville, and on October 20, 1865, he was hanged until dead. Ferguson and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wirz" title="Henry Wirz">Henry Wirz</a> were the only two Confederate soldiers during the Civil War tried for war crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-5thRegMass_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5thRegMass-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Union forces en route back to Camp Nelson had a brief engagement on October 21, 1864, at <a href="/wiki/Harrodsburg,_Kentucky" title="Harrodsburg, Kentucky">Harrodsburg, Kentucky</a>. A few days later, Carpenter faced the defeated but defiant Union troops as they returned to Camp Nelson in October. The reports of "<a href="/wiki/List_of_black_flags" title="List of black flags">Black Flag</a>" behavior toward the "colored troops" and their white officers frightened many men. And it was widely reported in the press both North and South.<sup id="cite_ref-JDSmith_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDSmith-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Problems">Problems</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DutchGapb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/DutchGapb.jpg/275px-DutchGapb.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/DutchGapb.jpg/413px-DutchGapb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/DutchGapb.jpg/550px-DutchGapb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1879" /></a><figcaption>African-American Union soldiers at Dutch Gap, November 1864. Typical Union uniform and Enfield rifles used by "Colored" soldiers.</figcaption></figure> <p>Carpenter became the executive officer of the 5th USCC in charge of training and getting the African-American recruits ready for combat. Basic drill, weapon training and conditioning helped build confidence and preparedness. Carpenter faced another serious problem. Non-commissioned officers were to be chosen from the ranks and with almost an entire regiment of recent ex-slaves, Carpenter found it difficult to find men literate enough to handle the tasks assigned to sergeants. "Scarcely any of the Colored men enlisted into this regiment can read or write," wrote Carpenter, to Captain O. Bates Dickson in a letter.<sup id="cite_ref-JDSmith_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDSmith-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Group94_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Group94-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carpenter's solution, which was granted by his superiors, involved placing literate white non-commissioned officers among the "colored sergeants." This combined with a literacy program for African-American NCOs corrected the problem in time.<sup id="cite_ref-JDSmith_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDSmith-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another problem was the rifles issued to the 5th USCC. These were muzzle loaded <a href="/wiki/Pattern_1853_Enfield" title="Pattern 1853 Enfield">Enfield infantry rifles</a> unsuited for mounted use because they could not be loaded on horseback. Carpenter taught tactics that involved dismounted fighting, going back to the concept of "mounted infantry" who dismounted to fight.<sup id="cite_ref-JDSmith_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDSmith-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A final problem was white officers promoted from the ranks who were "unsuited" to command "colored troops." Despite efforts of training by Carpenter and others, attrition was the only real solution for these junior officers.<sup id="cite_ref-JDSmith_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDSmith-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Stoneman's_1864_Winter_Raid"><span id="Stoneman.27s_1864_Winter_Raid"></span>Stoneman's 1864 Winter Raid</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Stoneman's 1864 Winter Raid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 1864, General <a href="/wiki/George_Stoneman" title="George Stoneman">George Stoneman</a> ordered the 5th USCC to participate in a raid from East Tennessee into southwestern Virginia. This resulted in engagements that involved the 5th USCC at <a href="/wiki/Hopkinsville,_Kentucky" title="Hopkinsville, Kentucky">Hopkinsville, Kentucky</a> on December 12, <a href="/wiki/Kingsport,_Tennessee" title="Kingsport, Tennessee">Kingsport, Tennessee</a> on December 13, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marion" title="Battle of Marion">Battle of Marion</a> near Marion, Virginia on December 17 & 18, and the second <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saltville_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Saltville II">Battle of Saltville</a> on December 20 & 21 near Saltville, Virginia. All were considered Union victories. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marion" title="Battle of Marion">Battle of Marion</a>, Division Commander <a href="/wiki/Stephen_G._Burbridge" title="Stephen G. Burbridge">Stephen G. Burbridge</a> ordered the 5th USCC between two white units on the left flank of the Union line. Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/James_Sanks_Brisbin" title="James Sanks Brisbin">James S. Brisbin</a> and his second in command, Carpenter, led their dismounted soldiers forward toward the Confederate defensive works.<sup id="cite_ref-Group94_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Group94-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Confederates opened heavy fire upon the advancing Union troops that included four ten pound <a href="/wiki/Parrott_rifle" title="Parrott rifle">Parrott rifled</a> cannons.<sup id="cite_ref-Marion_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marion-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Union charge wavered and fell back. Carpenter was seen giving clear orders to reform and rallied his men. With a mighty yell the 5th USCC rushed forward toward the breastworks but could not break the defensive line. Carpenter ordered the men to dig in and night fell. Volunteers went out between lines to rescue the wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-Group94_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Group94-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Saltville_reenactment,_firing_line.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Battle_of_Saltville_reenactment%2C_firing_line.jpg/238px-Battle_of_Saltville_reenactment%2C_firing_line.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Battle_of_Saltville_reenactment%2C_firing_line.jpg/357px-Battle_of_Saltville_reenactment%2C_firing_line.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Battle_of_Saltville_reenactment%2C_firing_line.jpg/476px-Battle_of_Saltville_reenactment%2C_firing_line.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>Union re-enactors recreate the Battle of Saltville in <a href="/wiki/Saltville,_Virginia" title="Saltville, Virginia">Saltville, Virginia</a> on August 20, 2006.</figcaption></figure> <p>On December 18, the morning was cold and rainy with a light fog. The second day began as a copy of the first with multiple Union charges. The Union center was able to breach the center of the Confederate breastworks but were pushed out by a Rebel counterattack. Carpenter led a mounted rescue force of colored soldiers to save white soldiers trapped near a cover bridge on the left flank.<sup id="cite_ref-Marion_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marion-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carpenter made several attempts but could not rescue the soldiers. Most of those trapped soldiers would be captured later that afternoon, but released before giving their parole.<sup id="cite_ref-Group94_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Group94-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that day the Confederate reinforcements delivered a wild rebel yelling charge on the Union left flank. The white unit adjacent to the 5th USCC was completely routed and the 5th USCC flank was threatened. Ordered to fall back, Carpenter and Brisbin tried to maintain an orderly retreat. Many "colored soldiers" remembering the murder of their comrades during the first battle of Saltville broke ranks to rescue their wounded comrades. The retreat threatened to become a rout. About 4 PM, Union reinforcements arrived and bolstered the Union line. During the night, Confederate forces were forced to retire due to the lack of ammunition. The next day Union forces buried the dead and helped the wounded. The costly victory marked the highpoint of Stoneman's raid.<sup id="cite_ref-Marion_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marion-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saltville_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Saltville II">Battle of Saltville II</a></div> <p>On the afternoon of December 20, Union forces attacked Saltville, Virginia. Confederate forces were overwhelmed when the 5th & 6th USCC entered the fray with a cold vengeance. Outnumbered Confederate forces retreated and awaited promised reinforcements.<sup id="cite_ref-Marion_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marion-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Union forces hastily attempted to destroy the vital salt works. They destroyed about one third of the boiling kettles and most evaporating sheds. They also damaged portions of the Virginia & Tennessee railroad. But they failed to destroy or damage the actual salt wells. General Stoneman claimed a victory and retreated out of Virginia before Confederate forces could completely surround him. Carpenter's role is strangely missing from letters and other documents that simply note that he was there. Within three months, the saltworks were back in full production.<sup id="cite_ref-Marion_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marion-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carpenter later wrote a long letter home about this battle and how his men responded.<sup id="cite_ref-Group94_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Group94-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ambush_at_Simpsonville">Ambush at Simpsonville</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ambush at Simpsonville"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pattern1853Rifle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pattern1853Rifle.jpg/300px-Pattern1853Rifle.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pattern1853Rifle.jpg/450px-Pattern1853Rifle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pattern1853Rifle.jpg/600px-Pattern1853Rifle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="105" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pattern_1853_Enfield" title="Pattern 1853 Enfield">1853 Enfield</a> <a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">Rifle</a>-<a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">Musket</a> was the second most used infantry weapon used in the Civil War. It was 55 inches (1,400 mm) long and fired a .577 calibre <a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_ball" title="Minié ball">Minié-type</a> lead ball projectile, propelled by <a href="/wiki/Black_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Black powder">black powder</a> and a copper <a href="/wiki/Percussion_cap" title="Percussion cap">percussion cap</a>. Because it was a muzzle-loading weapon, it was unsuited for cavalry use.</figcaption></figure> <p>On January 23, 1865, 80 "colored" troops of Company E, 5th US Colored Cavalry, under command of 2nd Lieutenant Augustus Flint, were assigned to move almost a thousand head of cattle from Camp Nelson to the stock yard at Louisville, Kentucky. The men were mostly assigned to the front and rear of the spread out herd of cattle. About 41 men were bringing up the rear on January 25 near <a href="/wiki/Simpsonville,_Kentucky" title="Simpsonville, Kentucky">Simpsonville</a>, when they were ambushed by Confederate guerrillas. Very few of the Union troops were able to fire their muzzle-loaded <a href="/wiki/Pattern_1853_Enfield" title="Pattern 1853 Enfield">Enfield infantry rifles</a>, due to fouled powder. The guerrillas were armed with 6-shot revolvers, and most carried two or more. As Confederates quickly closed the distance, almost all of the "colored soldiers" bringing up the rear were wounded or dismounted. Only two escaped harm, one by playing dead, and the other hiding under an overturned wagon box. The forward group panicked and fled.<sup id="cite_ref-Simpsonville_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simpsonville-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colt_Army_Mod_1860_Fluted_Cylinder.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Colt_Army_Mod_1860_Fluted_Cylinder.JPG/220px-Colt_Army_Mod_1860_Fluted_Cylinder.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Colt_Army_Mod_1860_Fluted_Cylinder.JPG/330px-Colt_Army_Mod_1860_Fluted_Cylinder.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Colt_Army_Mod_1860_Fluted_Cylinder.JPG/440px-Colt_Army_Mod_1860_Fluted_Cylinder.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1878" data-file-height="816" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Colt_Army_Model_1860" title="Colt Army Model 1860">The Colt .44-caliber "Army" Model</a> was one of the most widely used revolvers of the Civil War. It had a six-shot, rotating cylinder, and fired a 0.454-inch-diameter (11.5 mm) round lead ball projectile, propelled by <a href="/wiki/Black_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Black powder">black powder</a> and a copper <a href="/wiki/Percussion_cap" title="Percussion cap">percussion cap</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>About an hour after the ambush, local citizens found 15 dead and 20 wounded soldiers stretched out on and near the road. Four more soldiers were later found dead of wounds or of exposure nearby. The men of Simpsonville took 20 wounded men back to town, 8 of the men so severely wounded they were not expected to live. A total of six soldiers died en route or in Louisville.<sup id="cite_ref-Simpsonville_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simpsonville-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later it was determined that 19 Union soldiers had been murdered trying to surrender or after being disarmed. The remainder of the Union wounded were left to die in the freezing cold. Three soldiers remained missing in the final accounting.<sup id="cite_ref-Simpsonville_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simpsonville-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flint, who was in town during the ambush, fled to Louisville. Authorities telegraphed Camp Nelson, and Carpenter immediately ordered ambulances, and a heavy escort was mounted. They arrived on scene on October 28 and took the surviving wounded to a hospital in Louisville.<sup id="cite_ref-Simpsonville_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simpsonville-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Locals reported what had happened and the boasts of the Confederate guerrillas, led by Captain Dick Taylor, who had murdered or shot many of the Union soldiers after they had been captured. The mass grave was located, and an effort was made to find the missing men. Carpenter wrote a report and documented the names of the known guerrillas and encouraged a hunt and their prosecution.<sup id="cite_ref-JDSmith_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDSmith-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Simpsonville_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simpsonville-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Command_of_the_5th_USCC">Command of the 5th USCC</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Command of the 5th USCC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In mid February 1865, Colonel <a href="/wiki/James_F._Wade" title="James F. Wade">James F. Wade</a> regimental commander of the 6th USCC was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers and moved to Division duties. A reorganization of command of 5th & 6th USCC resulted. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel James S. Brisbin of the 5th USCC took over the 6th USCC and Carpenter took command of the 5th USCC Regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-5thReg_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5thReg-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 5th USCC regiment was attached to the 1st Division, District of Kentucky, Department of Ohio until February 1865. The regiment subsequently served under the Military District of Kentucky until December 1865 and the Department of Arkansas until March 20, 1866. During this later period of time the regiment performed scattered garrison duties and reportedly hunted rebel renegades.<sup id="cite_ref-JDSmith_22-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDSmith-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="End_of_the_Civil_War">End of the Civil War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: End of the Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Through the course of the Civil War, Carpenter served in at least 14 campaigns and over 150 battles related to them from the 1861 <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Peninsula Campaign">Peninsula Campaign</a>, the 1862 <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Campaign">Maryland Campaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fredericksburg" title="Battle of Fredericksburg">Campaign at Fredericksburg</a>, the 1863 <a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gettysburg Campaign">Gettysburg Campaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chancellorsville" title="Battle of Chancellorsville">Chancellorsville</a> (in Stoneman's raid to the rear of Lee's army), the 1864 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wilderness" title="Battle of the Wilderness">The Wilderness</a> and final battles in Kentucky and south-West Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-abuffalosoldier.com_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abuffalosoldier.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thegeneral_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thegeneral-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Reconstruction">Reconstruction</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Reconstruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Union_as_It_Was.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/The_Union_as_It_Was.jpg/200px-The_Union_as_It_Was.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/The_Union_as_It_Was.jpg/300px-The_Union_as_It_Was.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/The_Union_as_It_Was.jpg/400px-The_Union_as_It_Was.jpg 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="712" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly" title="Harper's Weekly">Harper's Weekly</a></i> cartoon from October 1874 depicting White League and <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Klan</a> opposition to Reconstruction.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the fighting stopped and <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era of the United States">Reconstruction</a> began, Carpenter did not go with the 6th Cavalry to Texas in October 1865, as reported in some historical sketches.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carpenter stayed in Arkansas with the 5th USCC until March 1866.<sup id="cite_ref-JDSmith_22-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDSmith-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was little or no fighting during the state of <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> imposed while the military closely supervised local government, enrolled <a href="/wiki/Freedman" title="Freedman">freemen</a> to vote, excluded former Confederate leaders for a period of time, supervised free elections, and tried to protect office holders and <a href="/wiki/Freedman" title="Freedman">freedmen</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> and early versions of the <a href="/wiki/White_League" title="White League">White League</a> violence. Carpenter and his men did face a low level of civil hostility and violence during this uneasy transition period by trying to keep the peace.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carpenter was promoted colonel of volunteers on November 2, 1865.<sup id="cite_ref-Who1911_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Battles_of_the_5th_USCC">Battles of the 5th USCC</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Battles of the 5th USCC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Summary of battles of the 5th USCC. All except the October 2 & 21, 1864 battles had Carpenter present in the command structure.<sup id="cite_ref-5thReg_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5thReg-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McRae_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McRae-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>1864</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>October 2 – Saltville, Virginia – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saltville_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Saltville I">Battle of Saltville I</a> </p><p>October 21 – Harrodsburg, Kentucky – an <a href="/wiki/Engagement_(military)" title="Engagement (military)">engagement</a> </p><p>December 12 – Hopkinsville, Kentucky – an engagement </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png/220px-Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png/330px-Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png/440px-Union_Army_colonel_rank_insignia.png 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>Union Officer shoulder board for the rank of colonel.</figcaption></figure> <p>December 13 – Kingsport, Tennessee (<a href="/wiki/Flanking_maneuver" title="Flanking maneuver">flanking movement</a> & <a href="/wiki/Skirmisher" title="Skirmisher">skirmishing</a>) </p><p>December 17–18, 1864, Marion, Virginia – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marion" title="Battle of Marion">Battle of Marion</a> </p><p>December 20–21 – Saltville, Virginia – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saltville_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Saltville II">Battle of Saltville II</a> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>1865</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>January 25 – Simpsonville, KY – an <a href="/wiki/Ambush" title="Ambush">ambush</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Retirement_of_the_5th_USCC">Retirement of the 5th USCC</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Retirement of the 5th USCC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 5th USCC Regimental Commander, Colonel of Volunteers, L. Henry Carpenter, had his final regimental review on March 16, 1866, in <a href="/wiki/Helena,_Arkansas" title="Helena, Arkansas">Helena, Arkansas</a>. The names of 46 officers and men still listed officially as missing in action and presumed murdered between October 2 & 8, 1864 were read for a final time to the regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-5thRegMass_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5thRegMass-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then most of the officers, including Carpenter, were honorably discharged by ceremony. Over the next four days the men were mustered out and the regiment was officially retired on March 20, 1866. Official losses from October 24, 1864, to March 16, 1866, were 35 killed in action and 152 died in service from disease, wounds and other causes.<sup id="cite_ref-M1817_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M1817-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McRae_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McRae-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After mustering out, Carpenter reverted to his Regular Army rank of first lieutenant and returned home to Philadelphia on leave. After his leave he reported to the new 10th United States Cavalry Regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Loyal_Legion">Loyal Legion</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Loyal Legion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 2, 1867, Carpenter was elected as a companion of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_the_Loyal_Legion_of_the_United_States" title="Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States">Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States</a> (MOLLUS). He was assigned MOLLUS insignia number 433. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_Wars_and_frontier_service">Indian Wars and frontier service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Indian Wars and frontier service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bfu-soldr-front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A color photograph of the Buffalo Soldier Monument at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. The sculpture was undertaken by Eddie Dixon and sits atop a waterfall. It consists of a cavalry trooper mounted on a galloping horse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bfu-soldr-front.jpg/150px-Bfu-soldr-front.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bfu-soldr-front.jpg/225px-Bfu-soldr-front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bfu-soldr-front.jpg/300px-Bfu-soldr-front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="905" /></a><figcaption>The Buffalo Soldier Monument at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Fort Leavenworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>. It honors the African-Americans troopers and those who led them.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="10th_Cavalry_Regiment–Buffalo_Soldiers"><span id="10th_Cavalry_Regiment.E2.80.93Buffalo_Soldiers"></span>10th Cavalry Regiment–Buffalo Soldiers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 10th Cavalry Regiment–Buffalo Soldiers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Civil War, Carpenter was serving as a first lieutenant in the Regular U.S. Army and volunteered for cavalry duty with "Negro Troops" that were being raised.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/10th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">10th U.S. Cavalry</a> was formed at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Fort Leavenworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> in 1866 as an all African-American regiment. By the end of July 1867, eight companies of enlisted men had been recruited from the Departments of Missouri, Arkansas, and the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Platte" title="Department of the Platte">Platte</a>. Life at Leavenworth was not pleasant for the 10th Cavalry. The fort's commander, who was openly opposed to African-Americans serving in the Regular Army, made life for the new troops difficult. <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Grierson" title="Benjamin Grierson">Benjamin Grierson</a> sought to have his regiment transferred, and subsequently received orders moving the regiment to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Riley" title="Fort Riley">Fort Riley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>. This began on the morning of August 6, 1867 and was completed the next day in the afternoon of August 7.<sup id="cite_ref-Schubert_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schubert-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bigelow_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bigelow-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carpenter accepted the rank of captain in the Regular Army on July 28, 1866, and took command of the <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> troops of "D" company, 10th U.S. Cavalry. The 10th U.S. Cavalry regiment was composed of black enlisted men and white officers, which was typical for that era. Carpenter was assigned to the newly formed Company H on July 21, 1867<sup id="cite_ref-Company_H_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Company_H-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bigelow_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bigelow-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and served with these original "<a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Soldiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo Soldiers">Buffalo Soldiers</a>" for thirteen years of near continuous conflict with the Native Americans in the southwest United States. Carpenter was dispatched to Philadelphia to recruit non-commissioned officers in late summer and fall of 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-Recruit_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recruit-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bigelow_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bigelow-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His efforts contributed to the high level of veteran soldiers who became the core non-commissioned officers of the 10th Cavalry.<sup id="cite_ref-Schubert_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schubert-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carpenter's men respected him, and his company had the lowest documented desertion rate of the Regular Army during his charge. He was known as being fair, firm, and consistent. He learned, saw and understood, the hardships and racial bigotry his men faced. After his service with the 10th, he campaigned and defended what his Buffalo Soldiers had done and could do. His ability to train and lead was notable and set a standard for all cavalry units.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_Beecher_Island">Battle of Beecher Island</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Battle of Beecher Island"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beecher_Island" title="Battle of Beecher Island">Battle of Beecher Island</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Rescue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A sketch of a Cavalry officer greeting another wounded Officer on Beecher Island, Colorado with mounted trooper of the 10th Cavalry holding horse on September 25, 1868" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_Rescue.jpg/200px-The_Rescue.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_Rescue.jpg/300px-The_Rescue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_Rescue.jpg/400px-The_Rescue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><i>The Rescue</i><br /> A soldier offers aid to his wounded comrade after the Battle of Beecher Island. The Harper's article states that this is "Bvt. Col. Louis H. Carpenter greeting Lt. Col. G. A. Forsyth" who was twice wounded by gunfire and who had fractured his leg when his horse fell. Notice officer shoulder boards.</figcaption></figure> <p>On September 17, 1868, Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/George_Alexander_Forsyth" title="George Alexander Forsyth">G. A. Forsyth</a> with a mounted party of 48 white scouts, was attacked at dawn. Forsyth, seeing no viable route for retreat, made a stand on a sandbar in the river. He was attacked by a force of about 200-300 Indian warriors<sup id="cite_ref-legendsofamerica.com_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legendsofamerica.com-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on a sand island up the North Fork of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_River" title="Republican River">Republican River</a>; this action became the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beecher_Island" title="Battle of Beecher Island">Battle of Beecher Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Leckie_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leckie-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Indians were primarily <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheyenne people">Cheyenne</a>, supported by members of the <a href="/wiki/Arapaho_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arapaho people">Arapaho</a> tribe under the Cheyenne <a href="/wiki/Tribal_chief" title="Tribal chief">War Chief</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Nose" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Nose">Roman Nose</a>, who was killed during the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-Leckie_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leckie-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forsyth dispatched <a href="/wiki/Simpson_E._Stilwell" title="Simpson E. Stilwell">Simpson "Jack" Stilwell</a> and Pierre Trudeau to seek help from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wallace" title="Fort Wallace">Fort Wallace</a>, more than 60 miles (97 km) away. They were both able to reach Fort Wallace where rescue plans were quickly made.<sup id="cite_ref-Buffalosoldiers_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buffalosoldiers-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beecher_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beecher-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three rescue parties went out on different routes to find the endangered party. The first, led by <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel">Lieutenant Colonel</a> Carpenter in charge of Troop H & I of the <a href="/wiki/10th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">10th Cavalry Regiment</a>, relieved Forsyth on September 25. Forsyth had been shot in the thigh, breaking his leg, and in the forehead. He was not expected to survive another day.<sup id="cite_ref-Beecher_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beecher-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_Beaver_Creek">Battle of Beaver Creek</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Battle of Beaver Creek"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Battle of Beaver Creek" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beaver_Dam_Creek" title="Battle of Beaver Dam Creek">Battle of Beaver Dam Creek</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This section is about the second battle of Beaver Creek. For the first battle, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_fought_in_Kansas" title="List of battles fought in Kansas">List of battles fought in Kansas</a>.</div> <p>On October 14, 1868, two weeks after Carpenter had returned to Fort Wallace with the survivors of Forsyth's command, he was ordered out once again. Troops H and I of the 10th Cavalry sallied forth to escort Major Carr of the <a href="/wiki/5th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">5th Cavalry</a> to his new command with supplies to <a href="/wiki/Beaver_Creek_(Sappa_Creek_tributary)" title="Beaver Creek (Sappa Creek tributary)">Beaver Creek</a>. Near there Carpenter's supply train and command was attacked by a force of about 500 Indians with no sign of the 5th Cavalry present.<sup id="cite_ref-Leckie_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leckie-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Buffalosoldiers_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buffalosoldiers-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carpenter, seeking a more defensive posture closer to Beaver Creek, advanced for a short period then <a href="/wiki/Circle_the_wagons" title="Circle the wagons">circled the supply wagons</a> in a defensible area. This was possible because his mounted troopers fought a mobile delaying action. On his command, Carpenter's men rushed inside at the gallop. They dismounted and took up a defensive firing line at the gap between the wagons they had just entered.<sup id="cite_ref-Leckie_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leckie-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:10thCav.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A computer generated reproduction of the insignia of the Union Army 10th Regiment cavalry branch. The insignia is displayed in gold and consists of two sheathed swords crossing over each other at a 45 degree angle pointing upwards with a Roman numeral 10" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/10thCav.JPG/125px-10thCav.JPG" decoding="async" width="125" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/10thCav.JPG/188px-10thCav.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/10thCav.JPG/250px-10thCav.JPG 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="197" /></a><figcaption>10th Regiment United States Cavalry insignia</figcaption></figure> <p>On Carpenter's command, several massive volleys of aimed <a href="/wiki/Spencer_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Spencer rifle">Spencer repeating rifles</a> hit the front waves of the mounted Indians. The volleys decimated them as if hit by cannon filled with musket balls. A number of warriors, dismounted and using their ponies as bullet breaks, returned fire. Nearly all of these warriors died along with their ponies. Only three warriors made it to within fifty yards of the wagons before their demise. The Indians were so traumatized and demoralized by Carpenter's defense that they did not renew their attack.<sup id="cite_ref-Leckie_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leckie-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carpenter's troopers then accomplished their primary task by sending out scouts to find the location of the 5th Cavalry. This was done without further incident and they arrived back to Fort Wallace on October 21.<sup id="cite_ref-Leckie_38-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leckie-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carpenter's command had traveled some 230 miles in a week, routed some 500 mounted Indians, delivered the needed supplies with the new commander of the 5th Cavalry and completed all as effectively and professionally as any other command could do. For their gallantry in this fight on Beaver Creek, the officers and men of the <i>"Buffalo Soldiers"</i> were thanked by General Sheridan in a general field order and in official dispatches to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">War Department</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a>. Captain Carpenter was brevetted Colonel."<sup id="cite_ref-Leckie_38-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leckie-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1898, for his efforts in September and October 1868, Carpenter became one of seven 10th Cavalry soldiers to be awarded the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Medal_of_Honor_recipients_for_the_Indian_Wars" title="List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars">Medal of Honor</a> during its service on the frontier.<sup id="cite_ref-Leckie_38-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leckie-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Buffalosoldiers_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buffalosoldiers-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Defense_of_the_Wichita_I">Defense of the Wichita I</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Defense of the Wichita I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Indian_Wars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black and white map of the Western United States showing fort, battle and tribe locations from 1860 to 1890." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Western_Indian_Wars.jpg/300px-Western_Indian_Wars.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Western_Indian_Wars.jpg/450px-Western_Indian_Wars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Western_Indian_Wars.jpg/600px-Western_Indian_Wars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2006" data-file-height="1532" /></a><figcaption>Western Indian Wars 1860 to 1890, battles, army posts, and the general location of tribes.</figcaption></figure> <p>The 10th Regimental headquarters remained at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Gibson" title="Fort Gibson">Fort Gibson</a> until March 31, 1869, when they moved to Camp Wichita, Indian Territory (now the state of Oklahoma). They arrived on April 12, 1869. Camp Wichita was an old Indian village inhabited by the Wichita tribe on the Anadarko Reservation. General Sheridan had selected a site nearby for a military post and Carpenter with the rest of the 10th Cavalry was ordered there to establish and build it. Some time in the following month of August, the post was given the name of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sill" title="Fort Sill">Fort Sill</a>. Civil War Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Joshua_W._Sill" title="Joshua W. Sill">Joshua W. Sill</a> was a classmate and friend of Sheridan who was killed in action in 1862.<sup id="cite_ref-Bigelow_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bigelow-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 12, 1869, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Supply_(Oklahoma)" title="Fort Supply (Oklahoma)">Camp Supply</a> was attacked by a raiding party of Comanche intent on stealing cavalry mounts. The 3rd Infantry with Troops A & F of the 10th Cavalry pursued them, but were ambushed by the warriors. Carpenter with Troops H, I, & K flanked the Indians, forcing them to withdraw.<sup id="cite_ref-Bigelow_34-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bigelow-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 22 & 23, 1869, Carpenter and other troopers became involved in a fierce attack by Kiowa and Naconee Indians, who were focused on destroying the buildings and settlement on the Anadarko Reservation.<sup id="cite_ref-Part2_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part2-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carpenter, with Troops H and L, patrolled the area aggressively and engaged several groups of warriors who were setting prairie fires upwind of the settlement at different points. Further and increasingly violent assaults were made by the Native Americans, in numbers ranging from 50 to 500 at different points of the defensive lines. The decisive feature of the engagement was a charge made by Captain Carpenter's troopers. His men routed a body of over 150 warriors, who were about to take up a commanding position in rear of other defenders. On June 5, 1872, the 10th left Fort Sill to elements of the 3rd Infantry and proceeded back to Fort Gibson.<sup id="cite_ref-Bigelow_34-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bigelow-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Satank,_Satanta_and_Big_Tree"><span id="Satank.2C_Satanta_and_Big_Tree"></span>Satank, Satanta and Big Tree</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Satank, Satanta and Big Tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Texas-Indian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas-Indian Wars">Texas-Indian Wars</a></div> <p>In May 1871, Carpenter was involved in the capture and escort of the <a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a> warrior and <a href="/wiki/Medicine_man" title="Medicine man">medicine man</a> <a href="/wiki/Sitting_Bear" title="Sitting Bear">Satank</a>, along with the Kiowa War Chiefs <a href="/wiki/Satanta_(White_Bear)" class="mw-redirect" title="Satanta (White Bear)">Santana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_nickel" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Head nickel">Big Tree</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sill" title="Fort Sill">Fort Sill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a>, now in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>. General <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">Sherman</a> was present at the fort due to an inspection tour; also present was Colonel <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Grierson" title="Benjamin Grierson">Benjamin Grierson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Part2_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part2-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These three Native American leaders were the first to be tried, for raids (<a href="/wiki/Warren_Wagon_Train_Raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren Wagon Train Raid">Warren Wagon Train Raid</a>) and murder, in a United States civil court instead of a military court. This would deny them any vestige of rights as prisoners of war by being tried as any common criminal in the Court of the Thirteenth Judicial District of Texas in <a href="/wiki/Jacksboro,_Texas" title="Jacksboro, Texas">Jacksboro, Texas</a> near <a href="/wiki/Fort_Richardson,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Richardson, Texas">Fort Richardson.</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wharton_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wharton-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Texas_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Big_Tree_the_Kiowa_83d40m_Addoeette_Adoeette_p2fxsharp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black and white photograph of Addoeette, also known as Big Tree, facing oblique to the camera with left shoulder slightly forward. He is a Native American from the Kiowa tribe, wearing an officer's dress uniform jacket with wicker front peace and a long beaded chain with a circular ring. His hair is braided down his left shoulder and tied with ribbon and wood decoration. Picture undated but appears circa 1880." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Big_Tree_the_Kiowa_83d40m_Addoeette_Adoeette_p2fxsharp.jpg/150px-Big_Tree_the_Kiowa_83d40m_Addoeette_Adoeette_p2fxsharp.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Big_Tree_the_Kiowa_83d40m_Addoeette_Adoeette_p2fxsharp.jpg/225px-Big_Tree_the_Kiowa_83d40m_Addoeette_Adoeette_p2fxsharp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Big_Tree_the_Kiowa_83d40m_Addoeette_Adoeette_p2fxsharp.jpg/300px-Big_Tree_the_Kiowa_83d40m_Addoeette_Adoeette_p2fxsharp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption>Big Tree, or Addoeette, a <a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a> chief, was one of three models for the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_nickel" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Head nickel">Indian Head nickel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The military leaders at the fort had been given written information from the Indian Agent regarding the killings during the raid. Plans were made to arrest the Indians involved. D Troop was hidden on foot behind the main office building. Carpenter had mounted troopers waiting nearby. Sherman and Grierson sat on the porch, reviewing the situation and waiting for the Indians to arrive. When the Indians came, they blatantly boasted of what they had done. After Sherman told the Indians they were under arrest, a signal was given and the dismounted troopers came forward with carbines and pistols in hand. <a href="/wiki/Lone_Wolf_the_Elder" class="mw-redirect" title="Lone Wolf the Elder">Lone Wolf</a>, supporting the Kiowa Chiefs, pulled a rifle out from under his blanket <a href="/wiki/Sarape" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarape">serape</a> and pointed it at Sherman. Sherman, ready for any problem, quickly disarmed him before the trigger could be pulled. Big Tree made an attempt to escape but was quickly subdued by Carpenter's mounted troopers. Sherman decided that these men were criminals to be tried in a civil court and Carpenter was told to get it done.<sup id="cite_ref-Texas_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carpenter faced many problems associated with this, including the possibility of the Indians being rescued by their followers or being lynched by angry settlers, during their transport to the civilian court. During transport, Satank hid himself under his red blanket in his wagon while he gnawed the base of his thumb to the bone. This allowed him to slip the manacle from his wrist while he sang his death chant. With a small hidden knife that was not found during two separate searches, he stabbed the driver (who survived), both falling out of the wagon, grabbed a soldier's unloaded carbine and was mortally wounded in his escape attempt.<sup id="cite_ref-Texas_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Texas2_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas2-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The other two Kiowa were tried, found guilty, sentenced to death, had their sentences commuted to life and then paroled within a few years. They violated parole by raiding; Satanta was sent to the Huntsville State Penitentiary in Texas where, in despair, he later killed himself.<sup id="cite_ref-Boggs_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boggs-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Big Tree, who presented witnesses to his non-involvement, was returned to the reservation and accepted pacification.<sup id="cite_ref-Texas2_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas2-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He lived on in the sadness of a warrior in exile. He later became a Christian and eventually, a minister in the Baptist church. The same Kiowa chief who had supervised the torture and burning of captives went about converting his own people to Christ. There were days, he would proudly recount his cruel acts against the white man, although it is faithfully recorded that he always concluded those tales with the solemn note that God had forgiven him for those "hideous" acts.<sup id="cite_ref-Boggs_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boggs-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Defense_of_the_Wichita_II">Defense of the Wichita II</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Defense of the Wichita II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1874, Carpenter became involved in fighting at Anadarko Reservation, Wichita, Indian Territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Part2_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part2-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This fighting is considered the first of many clashes during the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_War" title="Red River War">Red River War</a> (1874–75). Carpenter, with Troops H & I was sent to support Fort Sill and by using aggressive patrols engaged several Kiowa and Comanche raiding parties. The relatively peaceful Wichita Indians on the reservation were targets of the hostile Indians because of their increasing positive status under pacification.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 10th were sent to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Concho" title="Fort Concho">Fort Concho</a> in Texas where they were established on April 17, 1875. The exception was Carpenter's troop stationed at Fort Davis as of May 1, 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-Bigelow_34-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bigelow-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Victorio_Campaign_and_map_making">Victorio Campaign and map making</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Victorio Campaign and map making"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FortDavisCampaignMap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photo of a black and white hand drawn map from 1880 showing Fort Davis and the Chinati Mountains used during military campaigns against the Apache Indians led by Victorio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6e/FortDavisCampaignMap.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="344" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption><i>Fort Davis Campaign Map</i><br />A hand drawn military map from the 1880 campaign against Victorio and his Chiricahua Apaches.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Carpenter became heavily involved in the <a href="/wiki/Lozen#Victorio's_Campaign" title="Lozen">Victorio Campaign</a> of 1879–80.<sup id="cite_ref-Part2_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part2-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Victorio" title="Victorio">Victorio</a> was a warrior and chief of the <a href="/wiki/Chiricahua" title="Chiricahua">Chihenne band of the Chiricahua</a> <a href="/wiki/Apaches" class="mw-redirect" title="Apaches">Apaches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From January 12, 1880, to May 12, 1880, Carpenter directed scouting missions into the isolated <a href="/wiki/Chinati_Mountains" title="Chinati Mountains">Chinati Mountains</a> bordering the United States with Mexico. The surrounding area on the American side was the high desert of far <a href="/wiki/West_Texas" title="West Texas">West Texas</a>. This is where Victorio and other Apaches had been making raids. These scouts helped provide the first reliable maps drawn in the areas of operation.<sup id="cite_ref-Map_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Map-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finding waterholes and mapping the area was a critical step in Victorio campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-BS_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 12, 1880, when eight Apaches attacked a nearby wagon train. Captain Carpenter and H Company pursued the Apaches to the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a>. There, under orders, Carpenter had to stop at the international border with Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-Gott_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gott-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Rattlesnake_Springs">Rattlesnake Springs</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Rattlesnake Springs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Colonel Grierson, commander of the 10th Cavalry, traversed the hot <a href="/wiki/Chihuahuan_Desert" title="Chihuahuan Desert">Chihuahuan Desert</a> and then the narrow valleys of the Chinati Mountains, reaching Rattlesnake Springs on the morning of August 6, 1880. His cavalrymen and their mounts were worn down from the forced march of over 65 miles in 21 hours. After resting and getting water, Grierson carefully placed his men in ambush positions. Carpenter, with his two cavalry troops, arrived as reinforcements and were posted in reserve a short distance south of the spring. The cavalrymen settled down to wait as Indian scouts brushed away any sign of their presence.<sup id="cite_ref-Gott_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gott-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A little after two o'clock in the afternoon, Victorio and his Apaches slowly approached the springs. Victorio somehow sensed danger and halted his men. With the hostile Apaches in their sights appearing ready to bolt, the soldiers did not wait and opened fire on their own initiative; Victorio's men scattered and withdrew out of carbine range. Victorio's people needed water and believing that there were only a few soldiers present, regrouped and attacked immediately. As the battle progressed, Victorio sent his warriors to flank the soldiers. Carpenter charged forward with Companies B and H and a few massed volleys from their carbines sent the hostiles scattering back up the canyon. Stunned by the presence of such a strong force but in desperate need of water, Victorio repeatedly charged the cavalrymen in attempts to reach the spring. Grierson's cavalry defenders, now bolstered by Carpenter's two companies, stood firm. The last such attempt to break the soldiers was conducted near nightfall and when it failed, Victorio and his followers withdrew into the westward into the mountains. Carpenter with his two companies remounted in pursuit until darkness halted the effort.<sup id="cite_ref-Gott_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gott-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 7, Carpenter, with Captain <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_M._Nolan" title="Nicholas M. Nolan">Nolan</a> as second in command, and three companies of troopers headed out to Sulfur Springs to deny that source of water to the Apaches. In the early light of day, Victorio saw a string of wagons rounding a mountain spur to the southeast and about eight miles distant, crawling onto the plain. Victorio sent a band of warriors riding out of the mountains and attacked savagely. The wagons held a load of provisions for Fort Davis with a company of infantry riding in some of the wagons. The warriors were met with rifle fire, as the teamsters circled the wagons in defensive positions. Alerted by his Indian scouts, Carpenter and two companies charged to the rescue. The Apache attack disintegrated as the warriors fled in confusion to the southwest to rejoin Victorio's main force as it moved deeper into the Carrizo Mountains. Nolan's ambush was not ready and the scattered warriors were able to avoid them.<sup id="cite_ref-Gott_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gott-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Pursuit_of_Victorio">Pursuit of Victorio</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Pursuit of Victorio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:10CavHTroopGuidonB%26W.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A picture of a B&W sketch of the 10th U.S. Cavalry, H Troop Guidon with staff headed by spear point. Inscription reads: Troop H Guidon Late 1880s." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/10CavHTroopGuidonB%26W.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="162" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>H Troop, 10th U.S. Cavalry Guidon</figcaption></figure> <p>On August 9, fifteen Texas Rangers with their Indian scouts, located Victorio's main supply camp on Sierra Diablo. The Rangers joined Carpenter in the attack while Nolan guarded Sulfur Springs. Carpenter's attack scattered the Indian guards while the troopers secured 25 head of cattle, provisions and several pack animals. Victorio under increasing pressure, short of food and more importantly water, began to head south in two main groups. By August 11, Carpenter was on the trail in pursuit but, with horses tired and thirsty from the campaign, the chase was slow. Carpenter divided his command, with Nolan with his company and Texas Rangers on one route, while he took the rest of the command on another route. On August 13, Nolan reached the Rio Grande where Indian scouts reported that Victorio had crossed the border into Mexico the evening before. Carpenter arrived later and ordered the cavalrymen to rest near the river.<sup id="cite_ref-Gott_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gott-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 14, 1880, a sharpshooter of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army</a> ended Victorio's life at Cerro Tres Castillos, in the state of <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was survived by his warrior sister <a href="/wiki/Lozen" title="Lozen">Lozen</a> who continued fighting. She was captured in 1886 by Buffalo Soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/9th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="9th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">9th Cavalry.</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over 34,420 miles of uncharted terrain were charted from 1875 to 1885 by Carpenter and other officers of the 10th Cavalry in West Texas. They added 300 plus miles of new roads with over 200 miles of telegraph lines. The scouting expeditions took the Buffalo soldiers through some of the harshest and desolate terrain ever documented in the American west. Excellent maps were provided by Carpenter and other officers showing the scarce water holes, mountain passes and grazing areas. These efforts by Carpenter and others of the 10th Cavalry were completed under adverse weather, limited supplies and the primitive equipment of the day. They had to be on the alert for the unexpected hit and run raids from Apaches and other Native American hostiles and bandits of all types."<sup id="cite_ref-BS_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table border="10" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="75%" style="background-color: #00008Y;"> <tbody><tr> <td>The book <i>Frontier Cavalryman</i> provides the following quote on Carpenter:<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <blockquote><div style="font-size:120%;"><span style="color:#EEEEEE;"> — </span> <p>He is considered the best company commander in the regiment and one of the best in the service. He is a gentleman by birth and training. He is not a narrow minded 'rountiner' but a broad minded student of his profession. Many officers appear to advantage in the lower ranks of the army (but) who are incapable of rising and maintaining their reputation. </p><p>...But Capt. Carpenter is not (one of them). <br /><span style="color:#EEEEEE;"> — </span> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>Lt. <a href="/wiki/John_Bigelow_Jr." title="John Bigelow Jr.">John Bigelow Jr.</a>, 9th U.S. Cavalry, United States Military Academy Class of 1877, in a letter home. </dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></blockquote> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_Fort_commands">First Fort commands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: First Fort commands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Fort_Davis_pano_TX.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A color photograph of the Fort Davis drill ground in panoramic view" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/USA_Fort_Davis_pano_TX.jpg/600px-USA_Fort_Davis_pano_TX.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/USA_Fort_Davis_pano_TX.jpg/900px-USA_Fort_Davis_pano_TX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/USA_Fort_Davis_pano_TX.jpg/1200px-USA_Fort_Davis_pano_TX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7960" data-file-height="1468" /></a><figcaption>Fort Davis drill ground in West Texas.</figcaption></figure> <p>From August 30, 1878, to May 29, 1879, Carpenter, while holding the rank of captain in the Regular Army, but brevetted as a colonel in the 10th Cavalry, served as Commanding Officer of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Davis_National_Historic_Site" title="Fort Davis National Historic Site">Fort Davis</a>. Later, he served another period of command at the fort, between June 13 to July 27, 1879.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carpenter was then transferred to the <a href="/wiki/5th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">5th Cavalry</a> with promotion to major, Regular Army, on February 17, 1883.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LouisHENRYCarpenter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black and white photo of Louis Carpenter, a white male. He has a mustache and Goutea, his hair is colmbed back and he is wearing a jacket and white shirt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/LouisHENRYCarpenter.jpg/100px-LouisHENRYCarpenter.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/LouisHENRYCarpenter.jpg/150px-LouisHENRYCarpenter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/LouisHENRYCarpenter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="164" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption>L. Henry Carpenter circa 1882.</figcaption></figure> <p>On July 4, 1888, on the battlefield of Gettysburg, Carpenter was "court-martialed" for being absent without leave the previous day. He proved that his absence was due to the Secretary of War who, unmindful of Carpenter's duties as a former member of the Sixth U.S. Cavalry in the Civil War, had neglected to issue orders to Carpenter in time to allow him to reach Fairfield for their 5th annual veteran's reunion.<sup id="cite_ref-platt_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-platt-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major Carpenter, then commanding officer of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Myer" title="Fort Myer">Fort Myer</a>, was on duty with a contingent of soldiers at the bequest of <a href="/wiki/William_Crowninshield_Endicott" title="William Crowninshield Endicott">William Crowninshield Endicott</a>, the Secretary of War, for the 25th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_Battlefield" title="Gettysburg Battlefield">Battle</a> of Gettysburg and its Blue & <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Gray</a> reunions.<sup id="cite_ref-Mueller_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mueller-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_career_and_Spanish–American_War"><span id="Late_career_and_Spanish.E2.80.93American_War"></span>Late career and Spanish–American War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Late career and Spanish–American War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carpenter served as the first Director of the "Cavalry and Light Artillery School" at Fort Riley, Kansas as a lieutenant colonel, Regular Army, <a href="/wiki/7th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">7th Cavalry</a> (1892–1897). This school "formed the basis for practical instruction that enabled the officers and men who participated to study the duties of the soldier in garrison, in camp, and on the march."<sup id="cite_ref-School_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-School-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served as President of the Board to Revise Cavalry Tactics for the United States Army.<sup id="cite_ref-abuffalosoldier.com_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abuffalosoldier.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7thCav.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A computer generated reproduction of the insignia of the Union Army 7th Regiment cavalry branch. The insignia is displayed in gold and consists of two sheafed swords crossing over each other at a 45 degree angle pointing upwards with a Roman numeral 7" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/7thCav.JPG/125px-7thCav.JPG" decoding="async" width="125" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/7thCav.JPG/188px-7thCav.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/7thCav.JPG/250px-7thCav.JPG 2x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="193" /></a><figcaption>7th Regiment United States Cavalry insignia</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1891, the United States Army conducted an experiment to integrate <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Indian</a> soldiers into Regular Army units. While the primary object was to give employment, another was to utilize the talents of warriors from the most dangerous tribes. A significant number were sent to the "Cavalry School" at Fort Riley starting in late 1892. They received training not only in cavalry tactics, but in hygiene and classes in English. Unfortunately, probably by the lack of patience on part of the United States Army, and partly because of language difficulties and racial discrimination, the experiment failed and was discontinued in 1897. Carpenter had handpicked Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Hugh_L._Scott" title="Hugh L. Scott">Hugh L. Scott</a> to organize and command Troop L (composed of Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Indians) for the 7th Cavalry.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scott commanded Troop L from inception to release of duty. Troop L, noted for their "deportment and discipline", was the last of these Native-American Troops to be disbanded soon after the "final review" of the Cavalry School's Director.<sup id="cite_ref-School2_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-School2-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carpenter was promoted to lieutenant colonel, Regular Army, 2nd Cavalry on July 28, 1892, and transferred to the 5th Cavalry on August 28, 1892, serving at Fort Riley, Kansas. He was transferred to the 7th Cavalry on September 22, 1894. He was promoted to colonel, Regular Army, while stationed with the 7th Cavalry on June 2, 1897, and on May 4, 1898, he was commissioned a brigadier general of volunteers for the duration of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General Carpenter commanded the 1st Division, 3rd Corps at Chickamauga and afterwards commanded the 3rd Division, 4th Corps at <a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a>. Later, he was ordered to Cuba to occupy the Providence of Puerto Principe with a force consisting of the 8th Cavalry, 15th Infantry and the 3rd Georgia Volunteers. His were the first troops to take station in Cuba after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Battle of Santiago de Cuba">Battle of Santiago de Cuba</a>. Carpenter was appointed Military Governor of the province and remained in that capacity until June 12, 1899, when he was honorably discharged and reverted to his regular army rank of colonel.<sup id="cite_ref-Thegeneral_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thegeneral-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colonel Carpenter was promoted on October 18, 1899, to <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General (United States)">brigadier general</a>, Regular Army; he then retired the next day, at his own request, having served honorably for 38 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement">Retirement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LouisHCarpentersigniture1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Brown sheet of paper with Louis Carpenters signature on it with the date of May 12, 1912" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/LouisHCarpentersigniture1912.jpg/220px-LouisHCarpentersigniture1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a0/LouisHCarpentersigniture1912.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="127" /></a><figcaption>1912 signature of Gen. Louis H. Carpenter</figcaption></figure> <p>After retiring from the Army Carpenter went home to Philadelphia but never married or had any children. He updated and completed the book his father Edward Carpenter started on his family's genealogical research, publishing it in 1912, regarding his immigrant ancestor <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Carpenter" title="Samuel Carpenter">Samuel Carpenter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He spent time writing about his Civil War service and his time on the Western Frontier. His work on the May 1864 Richmond Raid, also known as Sheridan's raid, with the resulting Battle of Yellow Tavern where Confederate Army Major General J.E.B. Stuart was mortally wounded is still used as a basic reference. He gave many talks and wrote articles for the G.A.R. The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_of_the_Republic" title="Grand Army of the Republic">Grand Army of the Republic</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Fraternal_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraternal organization">fraternal organization</a> composed of veterans of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a> who had served in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brigadier General Carpenter died on January 21, 1916, at his home on 2318 De Lancey Place in Philadelphia<sup id="cite_ref-Who1911_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was buried in the family plot at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_Cemetery,_Swedesboro" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity Church Cemetery, Swedesboro">Trinity Episcopal Church New Cemetery, Swedesboro</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Honors and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During his military career, Carpenter earned the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> during the Indian campaigns. He received a brevet promotion for bravery and was mentioned in dispatches during the Civil War. He received another brevet promotion and mention in military dispatches during the Indian campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-Who1911_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medal_of_Honor_citation">Medal of Honor citation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Medal of Honor citation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rank and organization: Captain, Company H, 10th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At <a href="#Battle_of_Beecher_Island">Indian campaigns, Kansas and Colorado</a>, September–October 1868. Entered service at: Philadelphia, Pa. Birth: Glassboro, N.J. Date of issue April 8, 1898. </p><p><b>Citation:</b> </p> <dl><dd>Was gallant and meritorious throughout the campaigns, especially in the combat of October 15 and in the forced March on September 23, 24 and 25 to the relief of Forsyth's Scouts, who were known to be in danger of annihilation by largely superior forces of Indians.<sup id="cite_ref-AMOHW_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMOHW-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_promotions">Military promotions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Military promotions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Regular_Army[3]"><span id="Regular_Army.5B3.5D"></span>Regular Army<sup id="cite_ref-Who1911_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Regular Army[3]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Private: July 1861, Company C, 6th US Cavalry</li> <li>Corporal: November 1, 1861, Company C, 6th US Cavalry</li> <li>Sergeant: February 1862, Company L, 6th US Cavalry</li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier general</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>O-7 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" width="20%"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/40px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/60px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/80px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="583" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th><i>October 19, 1899, HQ, Washington, D.C.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Promotions_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Promotions-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr></tbody></table> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant colonel</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">Major</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States)" title="Captain (United States)">Captain</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/First_Lieutenant#United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="First Lieutenant">First Lieutenant</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/2nd_lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd lieutenant">2nd lieutenant</a><sup id="cite_ref-Rank_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rank-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>O-6 </th> <th>O-5 </th> <th>O-4 </th> <th>O-3 </th> <th>O-2 </th> <th>O-1 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" width="17%"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/70px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/105px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/140px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="475" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td align="center" width="17%"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/60px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/90px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/120px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td align="center" width="16%"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/60px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/90px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/120px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td align="center" width="17%"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/60px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/90px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/120px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="500" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td align="center" width="17%"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/22px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/33px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/44px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="500" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td align="center" width="16%"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/US-O1_insignia.svg/22px-US-O1_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/US-O1_insignia.svg/33px-US-O1_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/US-O1_insignia.svg/44px-US-O1_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="500" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th><i>June 2, 1897, F&S, 5th US Cavalry</i> </th> <th><i>July 28, 1892, F&S, 2nd US Cavalry</i> </th> <th><i>February 17, 1883, F&S, 5th US Cavalry</i> </th> <th><i>July 28, 1866, Company H, 10th US Cavalry</i> </th> <th><i>September 28, 1864, F&S Cavalry Corps</i> </th> <th><i>July 17, 1862, Company L, 6th US Cavalry</i> </th></tr></tbody></table><p><sup id="cite_ref-Carpenters_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brevet_promotions[3]"><span id="Brevet_promotions.5B3.5D"></span>Brevet promotions<sup id="cite_ref-Who1911_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Brevet promotions[3]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LHenryCarpenter5thUSCC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/LHenryCarpenter5thUSCC.jpg/220px-LHenryCarpenter5thUSCC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="544" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/LHenryCarpenter5thUSCC.jpg/330px-LHenryCarpenter5thUSCC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/LHenryCarpenter5thUSCC.jpg/440px-LHenryCarpenter5thUSCC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="1674" /></a><figcaption>United States Colored Troops Enlistment card of L. Henry Carpenter, Lt. Col. of Volunteers, mustered October 1, 1864, assigned to the 5th US Colored Cavalry</figcaption></figure> <p>Carpenter received a series of <a href="/wiki/Brevet_(military)" title="Brevet (military)">brevet</a> promotions for gallantry and or meritorious service to the ranks of; </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant" title="First lieutenant">First lieutenant</a> on July 3, 1863, for Gettysburg.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States)" title="Captain (United States)">Captain (United States)</a> on September 19, 1864, for Winchester, Virginia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">Major (United States)</a> on March 13, 1865, for gallantry.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant colonel (United States)</a> on March 13, 1865, for meritorious service during the Civil War.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel (United States)</a> on October 18, 1868, for Beaver Creek, Kansas during the Indian Wars.<sup id="cite_ref-Brevet_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brevet-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="U.S._Volunteers[3]"><span id="U.S._Volunteers.5B3.5D"></span>U.S. Volunteers<sup id="cite_ref-Who1911_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: U.S. Volunteers[3]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lieutenant colonel on October 1, 1864, 5th US Colored Cavalry (USCC)</li> <li>Colonel on November 2, 1865, 5th USCC</li> <li>Brigadier general on May 4, 1898, 1st Corps, 3rd Division<sup id="cite_ref-Brevet_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brevet-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Known_commands[3]"><span id="Known_commands.5B3.5D"></span>Known commands<sup id="cite_ref-Who1911_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Known commands[3]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Commanded the 5th US Colored Cavalry Regiment 1865–1866</li> <li>Commanded <a href="/wiki/Fort_Davis_National_Historic_Site" title="Fort Davis National Historic Site">Fort Davis</a> in West <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> 1878–1879.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Robinson" title="Fort Robinson">Fort Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> 1887</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Myer" title="Fort Myer">Fort Myer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> 1887–1891</li> <li>Director of Cavalry School Application, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Riley" title="Fort Riley">Fort Riley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> 1892</li> <li>Appointed to revise cavalry tactics 1896</li> <li>Commanded <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sam_Houston" title="Fort Sam Houston">Fort Sam Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> 1897–1898</li> <li>Command of 1st Corps and 3rd Division, then 4th Corps in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> 1898</li> <li>Military Governor of the Province of Puerto Principe, now <a href="/wiki/Camag%C3%BCey_Province" title="Camagüey Province">Camagüey Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> 1898–1899.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memberships_and_clubs[3]"><span id="Memberships_and_clubs.5B3.5D"></span>Memberships and clubs<sup id="cite_ref-Who1911_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Memberships and clubs[3]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_the_Loyal_Legion_of_the_United_States" title="Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States">Member of the Loyal Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_of_Foreign_Wars" title="Veterans of Foreign Wars">Veteran of Foreign Wars</a></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSociety,_American_Numismatic1897" class="citation book cs1">Society, American Numismatic (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8YbRAAAAMAAJ&q=Soc.+Army+of+the+Potomac+Cav+Corps.&pg=RA4-PA54"><i>The Society of the Army of the Potomac</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Society+of+the+Army+of+the+Potomac&rft.date=1897&rft.au=Society%2C+American+Numismatic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8YbRAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DSoc.%2BArmy%2Bof%2Bthe%2BPotomac%2BCav%2BCorps.%26pg%3DRA4-PA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSociety,_American_Numismatic1897" class="citation book cs1">Society, American Numismatic (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8YbRAAAAMAAJ&q=Soc.+Army+of+the+Potomac+Cav+Corps.&pg=RA4-PA54"><i>The Cavalry Society of the Armies of the United States</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cavalry+Society+of+the+Armies+of+the+United+States&rft.date=1897&rft.au=Society%2C+American+Numismatic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8YbRAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DSoc.%2BArmy%2Bof%2Bthe%2BPotomac%2BCav%2BCorps.%26pg%3DRA4-PA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania" title="Historical Society of Pennsylvania">Historical Society of Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Natural_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Natural Sciences">Academy of Natural Sciences</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armynavyclub.org/Default.aspx?p=DynamicModule&pageid=236531&ssid=90181&vnf=1">"Army and Navy Club (Washington D.C.)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Army+and+Navy+Club+%28Washington+D.C.%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armynavyclub.org%2FDefault.aspx%3Fp%3DDynamicModule%26pageid%3D236531%26ssid%3D90181%26vnf%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rittenhouseclub.org/">"Rittenhouse Club (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rittenhouse+Club+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frittenhouseclub.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_League" title="Union League">Union League</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unionleague.org/history-philanthropy.php">of Philadelphia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/28px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/42px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/56px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png 2x" data-file-width="1875" data-file-height="1875" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:American_Civil_War" title="Portal:American Civil War">American Civil War portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg/48px-Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg/64px-Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philadelphia" title="Portal:Philadelphia">Philadelphia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Medal_of_Honor_recipients_for_the_Indian_Wars#C" title="List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars">List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Colorado" title="List of people from Colorado">List of people from Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_with_surname_Carpenter" title="List of people with surname Carpenter">List of people with surname Carpenter</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Church-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Church_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rivera, Edwin. "Then and Now Trinity Episcopal Church". This site was redeveloped as the Mario Lanza Park. The Church once stood west of Second Street, between Catharine and Queen streets. This Church was consecrated in 1822, and closed in 1908 as the neighborhood demographics changed. It was razed by 1917 and the site redeveloped as the new "Queen Park", which opened in late 1918. The park was renamed on September 29, 1967, in memory of <a href="/wiki/Mario_Lanza" title="Mario Lanza">Mario Lanza</a> (1921–1959) one of Philadelphia's most beloved singers and film stars.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Company_H-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Company_H_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bigelow, John, page 290. "Troop H.–(horse) Color, black. Organized July 21, 1867. Captain L. H. Carpenter; Lieutenants T. J. Spencer and L. H. Orleman."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Recruit-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Recruit_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bigelow, John, "With a view to securing an intelligent set of men for the ranks the colonel had Captain Louis H. Carpenter, who was recruiting at Louisville, Kentucky, ordered to Philadelphia, Pa., to open a recruiting station there. Writing to Captain Carpenter, the colonel says, after referring to the captain's knowledge of Philadelphia: "I requested you to be sent there to recruit colored men sufficiently educated to fill the positions of noncommissioned officers, clerks and mechanics in the regiment. You will use the greatest care in your selection of recruits. Although sent to recruit men for the positions specified above, you will also enlist all superior men you can who will do credit to the regiment."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Map-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Map_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodwin2004" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Goodwin, Katherine R. (Fall 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706234607/http://libraries.uta.edu/SpecColl/crose04/fortdavis.htm">"Fort Davis Campaign Map Returns to Texas"</a>. <i>The Compass Rose, Special Collections</i>. XV III No. 2 2004. University of Texas at Arlington Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libraries.uta.edu/SpecColl/crose04/fortdavis.htm">the original</a> on July 6, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Compass+Rose%2C+Special+Collections&rft.atitle=Fort+Davis+Campaign+Map+Returns+to+Texas&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=XV+III+No.+2+2004&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=Katherine+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibraries.uta.edu%2FSpecColl%2Fcrose04%2Ffortdavis.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Map of scouting expeditions from camps at the Chinati Mountains: from Jan 12 to May 12, 1880 under the direction of Captains L. H. Carpenter and C. D. Viele, 10th Cavalry,</i> "The small, 16" x 13 ¼" manuscript map acquired by Special Collections details the period when the 10th Cavalry was stationed in Texas and engaged the band of the Apache Victorio. The map was drawn in 1880 by Lieutenant William H. Beck, Grierson's aide-de-camp, and it was done under the direction of Captains Louis H. Carpenter and Charles Viele, officers of the 10th U.S. Cavalry. The purpose of the scouting expeditions during the period of January to May 1880, (as depicted) on the map, was to locate the waterholes and crossings along the Rio Grande used by Victorio and his men and find a way to prevent the Apaches from exploiting these resources." Retrieved on July 14, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-platt-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-platt_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mueller, Heinrich G. <i>Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Reunion of the Survivors of the Sixth U.S. Cavalry</i> – Tuesday, July 3, 1888, Fraternally submitted, by Heinrich G. Mueller, Secretary. No. 95 Pasture Street, Allegheny, Pa., July 6, 1888. "We charged on Major Louis Carpenter's (formerly of our regiment) command, and for the first time, an old officer of the gallant old Sixth was completely surprised, his command demoralized and routed, and the gallant old Major left on the field, a prisoner of war." Then, "He was promptly court-martialed for being absent without leave (on) July 3(rd) and I do not know what the sentence would have been, had he not clearly proven that his absence was due to the Secretary of War, who unmindful of his duty to an old soldier, had neglected to issue the proper order in time for the Major to reach Fairfield in time for the (5th annual) reunion." Retrieved on July 14, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-School-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-School_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stubbs, Mary Lee. Page 20. "In 1887 Congress appropriated $200,000 for a school at Fort Riley, Kansas, to instruct enlisted men of cavalry and light artillery, but five years went by (1892) before the Cavalry and Light Artillery School was formally established. Once it opened its doors, however, complete regimental troops and batteries trained there, as did recruits before they joined a regiment. In the years that followed, the school changed names several times, in 1907, becoming the Mounted Service School; in 1919, the Cavalry School; on 1 November 1946, the Ground General School; and in 1950, the Army General School. The school was discontinued in May 1955."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-School2-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-School2_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stubbs, Mary Lee. Page 23. "By 1890 the abatement of the Indian threat brought about the first reduction in cavalry since the Civil War. Troops L and M of all regiments were disbanded and the number of privates in each of the other companies was reduced to 44 (from a maximum of 100), in effect a reduction of about 50%." Page 24 - "The next year part of the cut was restored in an experiment that attempted to integrate Indian soldiers into Regular Army units. The primary object was to give employment to a considerable number of warriors from the most dangerous tribes. Troops L of the 1st through the 8th Cavalry were reactivated with Indian enlisted personnel drawn, as nearly as possible, from the area in which each regiment was serving. For example, Troop L, 1st Cavalry, in Montana was filled in a very short time by members of the Crow tribe. That fall (1891), the regimental commander (1st Cavalry) reported that the new troopers possessed all the characteristics and traits essential to good light cavalry. Nevertheless, due partly to the language barrier and partly to the general attitude that existed between the two races, the experiment failed and the last unit of this type, Troop L, 7th Cavalry, was disbanded in 1897."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Promotions-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Promotions_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">General Carpenter held several ranks due to brevet or temporary promotions. The dates given here reflect the permanent Regular Army rank when awarded.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rank-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rank_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Until December 1917, a U.S. Army <a href="/wiki/2nd_lieutenant#United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd lieutenant">2nd lieutenant</a> did not wear an insignia of rank. Ranks shown are modern representatives of U.S. Army officer ranks.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brevet-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brevet_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brevet_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">During the American Civil War, the Union Army used brevet promotions. Soldiers and officers could be brevetted to fill officer positions as a reward for gallantry or meritorious service. Typically, the brevetted officer would be given the insignia of the brevetted rank, but not the pay or formal authority. It was not unheard of for an officer to have several different ranks simultaneously, such as being a brevet major general of volunteers, an actual brigadier general of volunteers, a brevet lieutenant colonel in the Regular Army, and an actual Regular Army rank of captain (e.g. Ranald S. Mackenzie). The practice of brevetting disappeared from the (regular) U.S. military at the end of the 19th century; instead, honors were bestowed with a series of medals. However, a similar practice of frocking continues in all five branches of the U.S. armed forces.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/sec-priv.htm">public domain material</a> from websites or documents of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a>.</dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Carpenters-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenters_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenterCarpenter1912" class="citation web cs1">Carpenter, Edward; Carpenter, Gen. Louis H. (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/samuelcarpenterh00carp">"<i>Samuel Carpenter and his Descendants</i>"</a>. <i>Samuel Carpenter and his Descendants</i>. J.B. Lippincott Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Samuel+Carpenter+and+his+Descendants&rft.atitle=Samuel+Carpenter+and+his+Descendants&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Carpenter%2C+Gen.+Louis+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsamuelcarpenterh00carp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span> Note: <i>Carpenters' Encyclopedia of Carpenters 2009</i> (DVD format) has updates and corrections to the 1912 book. Subject is RIN 4066.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivera2006" class="citation web cs1">Rivera, Edwin (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080820135344/http://www.qvna.org/TrinityChurch.pdf">"Then and Now Trinity Episcopal Church"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Temple University Urban Archives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qvna.org/TrinityChurch.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 20, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Then+and+Now+Trinity+Episcopal+Church&rft.pub=Temple+University+Urban+Archives&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Rivera&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qvna.org%2FTrinityChurch.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Who1911-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Who1911_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who1911_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who1911_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who1911_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who1911_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who1911_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who1911_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who1911_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who1911_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who1911_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who1911_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who1911_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who1911_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarquis1911" class="citation book cs1">Marquis, Albert Nelson (1911) [1899]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vI1SFumzkbUC"><i>Who's Who in America, Vol VI, 1910–1911</i></a>. A. N. Marquis & Company, Chicago, IL<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+in+America%2C+Vol+VI%2C+1910%E2%80%931911&rft.pub=A.+N.+Marquis+%26+Company%2C+Chicago%2C+IL&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Marquis&rft.aufirst=Albert+Nelson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvI1SFumzkbUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6thcav-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6thcav_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF1st_Sgt._Chuck_Burke1998" class="citation web cs1">1st Sgt. Chuck Burke (September 3, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090215000652/http://firstnccav.home.mindspring.com/sixthuscav.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The Fighting Sixth" Cavalry Regiment"</a>. 1st Sgt. Chuck Burke. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://firstnccav.home.mindspring.com/sixthuscav.html">the original</a> on February 15, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22The+Fighting+Sixth%22+Cavalry+Regiment&rft.pub=1st+Sgt.+Chuck+Burke&rft.date=1998-09-03&rft.au=1st+Sgt.+Chuck+Burke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffirstnccav.home.mindspring.com%2Fsixthuscav.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eicher-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eicher_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eicher_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eicher_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEicher2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_J._Eicher" title="David J. Eicher">Eicher, David J.</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/longestnightmili00eich"><i><span></span></i>The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War<i><span></span></i></a>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-84944-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-84944-5"><bdi>0-684-84944-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Longest+Night%3A+A+Military+History+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-684-84944-5&rft.aulast=Eicher&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flongestnightmili00eich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongacre2000" class="citation book cs1">Longacre, Edward G. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tGD_enmwhK0C&q=Lincoln's+Cavalrymen,+A+History+of+the+Mounted+Forces+of+the+Army+of+the+Potomac"><i>Lincoln's Cavalrymen, A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of the Potomac</i></a>. Stackpole Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8117-1049-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8117-1049-1"><bdi>0-8117-1049-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lincoln%27s+Cavalrymen%2C+A+History+of+the+Mounted+Forces+of+the+Army+of+the+Potomac&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8117-1049-1&rft.aulast=Longacre&rft.aufirst=Edward+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtGD_enmwhK0C%26q%3DLincoln%27s%2BCavalrymen%2C%2BA%2BHistory%2Bof%2Bthe%2BMounted%2BForces%2Bof%2Bthe%2BArmy%2Bof%2Bthe%2BPotomac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaskinCarter,_William_H.Rodenbough,_Theophilus_Francis1896" class="citation conference cs1">Haskin, William L.; Carter, William H.; Rodenbough, Theophilus Francis (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/R&H/R&H-6CV.htm">"The Army of the United States – Historical Sketches of Staff and Line with Portraits of Generals-in-Chief"</a>. <i>Sixth Regiment of Cavalry</i>. New York: Maynard, Merrill, & Co<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=The+Army+of+the+United+States+%E2%80%93+Historical+Sketches+of+Staff+and+Line+with+Portraits+of+Generals-in-Chief&rft.btitle=Sixth+Regiment+of+Cavalry&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Maynard%2C+Merrill%2C+%26+Co.&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Haskin&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rft.au=Carter%2C+William+H.&rft.au=Rodenbough%2C+Theophilus+Francis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fbooks%2FR%26H%2FR%26H-6CV.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span> This is part of the <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a> online.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSymonds2001" class="citation book cs1">Symonds, Craig L. (2001). <i>American Heritage History of the Battle of Gettysburg</i>. Harper Collins. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-019474-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-019474-X"><bdi>0-06-019474-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Heritage+History+of+the+Battle+of+Gettysburg&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-06-019474-X&rft.aulast=Symonds&rft.aufirst=Craig+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gettour-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gettour_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/archive/gett/getttour/aporg.htm">"The Gettysburg National Military Park Virtual Tour"</a>. <i>The Story of the Battle of Gettysburg</i>. National Park Service. September 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Story+of+the+Battle+of+Gettysburg&rft.atitle=The+Gettysburg+National+Military+Park+Virtual+Tour&rft.date=2001-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farchive%2Fgett%2Fgetttour%2Faporg.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Longacre, p. 236, indicates that the 6th Virginia conducted the second charge alone.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2009" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Jim (May 26, 2009). "Starr, Samuel H., Major, 6th Cavalry, letter dated February 17, 1868 regarding former Major George C. Cram, from the "Post of Mount Pleasant, Tex". <i>Cross Sabers</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cross+Sabers&rft.atitle=Starr%2C+Samuel+H.%2C+Major%2C+6th+Cavalry%2C+letter+dated+February+17%2C+1868+regarding+former+Major+George+C.+Cram%2C+from+the+%22Post+of+Mount+Pleasant%2C+Tex.&rft.date=2009-05-26&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter1989" class="citation book cs1">Carter, William H., Colonel (1851–1920?) (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.tripod.com/k_lucier/platt.htm"><i>From Yorktown to Santiago with the Sixth U. S. Cavalry</i></a> (reprint ed.). State House Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-938349-42-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-938349-42-6"><bdi>978-0-938349-42-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Yorktown+to+Santiago+with+the+Sixth+U.+S.+Cavalry&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=State+House+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-938349-42-6&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=William+H.%2C+Colonel+%281851%E2%80%931920%3F%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmembers.tripod.com%2Fk_lucier%2Fplatt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span>*Note: Lt. Col. Carter, who wrote this book in 1900, was commissioned a second lieutenant at West Point (Class of 1873) and served with the Sixth from 1874 until his retirement as a Major General in 1915. The 1989 book is a reprint. See item 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlattK._Lucier1895" class="citation web cs1">Platt, George C.; K. Lucier (July 12, 1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.tripod.com/k_lucier/platt.htm">"George C. Platt 6th United States Cavalry, Troop "H"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>George C. Platt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=George+C.+Platt&rft.atitle=George+C.+Platt+6th+United+States+Cavalry%2C+Troop+%22H%22&rft.date=1895-07-12&rft.aulast=Platt&rft.aufirst=George+C.&rft.au=K.+Lucier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmembers.tripod.com%2Fk_lucier%2Fplatt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OfficialRecords-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OfficialRecords_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States1889" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">United States, War Department (1889). "<i>The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies</i>". <i>Official Records</i>. 25, Chapter 37. US Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Official+Records&rft.atitle=The+War+of+the+Rebellion%3A+a+Compilation+of+the+Official+Records+of+the+Union+and+Confederate+Armies&rft.volume=25%2C+Chapter+37&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=United+States&rft.aufirst=War+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1992" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Roy Jr. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sheridanlifewars0000morr"><i>Sheridan: The Life and Wars of General Phil Sheridan</i></a>. Crown Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-58070-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-58070-5"><bdi>0-517-58070-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sheridan%3A+The+Life+and+Wars+of+General+Phil+Sheridan&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-517-58070-5&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Roy+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsheridanlifewars0000morr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKansas1894" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Kansas, State Historical Society (1894). "The Journal of the U.S. Cavalry Association". M 968 (June 30, 1894). Moundridge, McPherson, KS: U.S. Cavalry Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Journal+of+the+U.S.+Cavalry+Association&rft.volume=M+968&rft.issue=June+30%2C+1894&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=Kansas&rft.aufirst=State+Historical+Society&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span> Mircrofilm reel number M 969 & M970 for additional articles by Louis H. Carpenter from June 30, 1894 to July 17, 1896.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhea1997" class="citation book cs1">Rhea, Gordon C. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battlesforspotsy00rhea"><i>The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern May 7–12, 1864</i></a>. Louisiana State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8071-2136-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8071-2136-3"><bdi>0-8071-2136-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battles+for+Spotsylvania+Court+House+and+the+Road+to+Yellow+Tavern+May+7%E2%80%9312%2C+1864&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8071-2136-3&rft.aulast=Rhea&rft.aufirst=Gordon+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbattlesforspotsy00rhea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWittenberg2002" class="citation book cs1">Wittenberg, Eric J. (2002). <i>Little Phil: A Reassessment of the Civil War Leadership of Gen. Philip H. Sheridan</i>. Potomac Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57488-548-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-57488-548-0"><bdi>1-57488-548-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Little+Phil%3A+A+Reassessment+of+the+Civil+War+Leadership+of+Gen.+Philip+H.+Sheridan&rft.pub=Potomac+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-57488-548-0&rft.aulast=Wittenberg&rft.aufirst=Eric+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheridan2006" class="citation book cs1">Sheridan, Philip Henry (2006). <i>Personal Memoirs of P H Sheridan General United States Army</i>. Vol. 1. BiblioBazaar. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4264-1484-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-4264-1484-6"><bdi>1-4264-1484-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Personal+Memoirs+of+P+H+Sheridan+General+United+States+Army&rft.pub=BiblioBazaar&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-4264-1484-6&rft.aulast=Sheridan&rft.aufirst=Philip+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M1817-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-M1817_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M1817_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_National_Archives_(NARA)" class="citation web cs1">United States National Archives (NARA). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1107">"U.S. Colored Troops Military Service Records, 1861–1865"</a>. <i>micofilm M1817 roll 63</i>. Ancestry.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=micofilm+M1817+roll+63&rft.atitle=U.S.+Colored+Troops+Military+Service+Records%2C+1861%E2%80%931865&rft.au=United+States+National+Archives+%28NARA%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ancestry.com%2Fsearch%2Fdb.aspx%3Fdbid%3D1107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li>"L. Henry Carpenter", "Lt. Col." "5th U.S. Colored Troops." Promoted "Colonel" and listed as "vice Brisbin" on roster card. Lt. Col. James S. Brisbin, Fifth U. S. Colored Cavalry was later promoted to colonel and took command of the 6th United States colored Cavalry (USCC) and Carpenter took command of the 5th USCC.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-JDSmith-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JDSmith_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JDSmith_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JDSmith_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JDSmith_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JDSmith_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JDSmith_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JDSmith_22-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JDSmith_22-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JDSmith_22-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JDSmith_22-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2001" class="citation book cs1">Smith, John David (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lfZkwLqR0s4C&q=%22L.%20Henry%20Carpenter%22&pg=PA205"><i>Black soldiers in blue: African American troops in the Civil War era</i></a>. The University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0807827413" title="Special:BookSources/978-0807827413"><bdi>978-0807827413</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+soldiers+in+blue%3A+African+American+troops+in+the+Civil+War+era&rft.pub=The+University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0807827413&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=John+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlfZkwLqR0s4C%26q%3D%2522L.%2520Henry%2520Carpenter%2522%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5thRegMass-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-5thRegMass_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-5thRegMass_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown,_David_E.2010" class="citation web cs1">Brown, David E. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121219221312/http://home.comcast.net/~5thuscc/massacr.htm">"Was There a Massacre in Saltville in 1864?"</a>. <i>5th Regiment Cavalry – United States Colored Troops</i>. David E. Brown. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.comcast.net/~5thuscc/massacr.htm">the original</a> on December 19, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=5th+Regiment+Cavalry+%E2%80%93+United+States+Colored+Troops&rft.atitle=Was+There+a+Massacre+in+Saltville+in+1864%3F&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Brown%2C+David+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.comcast.net%2F~5thuscc%2Fmassacr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Group94-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Group94_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Group94_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Group94_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Group94_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Group94_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Official Records, 3rd ser., 5:122; "Regimental Personal Descriptions, Orders, Letters, Guard Reports, Council of Administration, Funds accounts, Telegrams, and Clothing Accounts of Noncommissioned Staff," vol. 1, "5th United States Colored Cavalry," Record Group 94, National Archives, Washington, D.C.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marion-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marion_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marion_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marion_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marion_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marion_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaltas,_DavidBrown,_Richard2010" class="citation web cs1">Chaltas, David & Brown, Richard (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081004080242/http://www.bencaudill.com/documents_msc/battle_of_marion.html">"The Battle of Marion – December 17 and 18, 1864"</a>. Colonel Ben E. Caudill Camp #1629 – Sons of Confederate Veterans. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bencaudill.com/documents_msc/battle_of_marion.html">the original</a> on October 4, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Marion+%E2%80%93+December+17+and+18%2C+1864&rft.pub=Colonel+Ben+E.+Caudill+Camp+%231629+%E2%80%93+Sons+of+Confederate+Veterans&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Chaltas%2C+David&rft.au=Brown%2C+Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bencaudill.com%2Fdocuments_msc%2Fbattle_of_marion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simpsonville-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Simpsonville_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simpsonville_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simpsonville_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simpsonville_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simpsonville_26-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090523131152/http://www.freewebs.com/5thusccsimpsonville/index.htm">"5th U.S. Colored Cavalry at Simpsonville, Ky"</a>. <i>5th U.S. Colored Cavalry</i>. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freewebs.com/5thusccsimpsonville/index.htm">the original</a> on May 23, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=5th+U.S.+Colored+Cavalry&rft.atitle=5th+U.S.+Colored+Cavalry+at+Simpsonville%2C+Ky&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freewebs.com%2F5thusccsimpsonville%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5thReg-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-5thReg_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-5thReg_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown,_David_E.2010" class="citation web cs1">Brown, David E. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121219233830/http://home.comcast.net/~5thuscc/">"5th Regiment Cavalry – United States Colored Troops"</a>. David E. Brown. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.comcast.net/~5thuscc/">the original</a> on December 19, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=5th+Regiment+Cavalry+%E2%80%93+United+States+Colored+Troops&rft.pub=David+E.+Brown&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Brown%2C+David+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.comcast.net%2F~5thuscc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abuffalosoldier.com-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abuffalosoldier.com_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abuffalosoldier.com_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenterCarpenter" class="citation web cs1">Carpenter, Edward; Carpenter, Gen. Louis H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abuffalosoldier.com/carpenter.htm">"<i>Louis H. Carpenter</i>"</a>. <i>Buffalo Soldiers Biographies</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buffalo+Soldiers+Biographies&rft.atitle=Louis+H.+Carpenter&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Carpenter%2C+Gen.+Louis+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabuffalosoldier.com%2Fcarpenter.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thegeneral-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thegeneral_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thegeneral_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWittenberg,_Eric_(The_General)2007" class="citation web cs1">Wittenberg, Eric (The General) (November 7, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://civilwarcavalry.com/?p=606.">"Rantings of a Civil War Historian: The worldview of a Civil War historian, publisher, and practicing lawyer"</a>. <i>Brig. Gen. Louis H. Carpenter, U. S. Cavalry</i>. Eric Wittenberg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brig.+Gen.+Louis+H.+Carpenter%2C+U.+S.+Cavalry&rft.atitle=Rantings+of+a+Civil+War+Historian%3A+The+worldview+of+a+Civil+War+historian%2C+publisher%2C+and+practicing+lawyer&rft.date=2007-11-07&rft.au=Wittenberg%2C+Eric+%28The+General%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcivilwarcavalry.com%2F%3Fp%3D606.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodenboughHaskin,_William_L.Carter,_William_H.1896" class="citation conference cs1">Rodenbough, Theophilus Francis; Haskin, William L.; Carter, William H. (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612125740/http://www.history.army.mil//index.html">"The Army of the United States – Historical Sketches of Staff and Line with Portraits of Generals-in-Chief"</a>. <i>Sixth Regiment of Cavalry</i>. New York: Maynard, Merrill, & Co. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/index.html">the original</a> on June 12, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=The+Army+of+the+United+States+%E2%80%93+Historical+Sketches+of+Staff+and+Line+with+Portraits+of+Generals-in-Chief&rft.btitle=Sixth+Regiment+of+Cavalry&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Maynard%2C+Merrill%2C+%26+Co.&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Rodenbough&rft.aufirst=Theophilus+Francis&rft.au=Haskin%2C+William+L.&rft.au=Carter%2C+William+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoner1988" class="citation book cs1">Foner, Eric (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780060158514"><i>Reconstruction: America's unfinished revolution, 1863–1877</i></a></span>. Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-093716-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-093716-5"><bdi>0-06-093716-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reconstruction%3A+America%27s+unfinished+revolution%2C+1863%E2%80%931877&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-06-093716-5&rft.aulast=Foner&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780060158514&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span> See chapters 6 & 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McRae-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McRae_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McRae_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcRae,_Bennie_J._Jr.2008" class="citation web cs1">McRae, Bennie J. Jr. (2008) [1993]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100926112141/http://www.lwfaaf.net/cwdata/cwbattle.htm">"CIVIL WAR BATTLES – UNITED STATES COLORED TROOPS"</a>. <i>UNITED STATES COLORED TROOPS IN THE CIVIL WAR</i>. LWF Network. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwfaaf.net/cwdata/cwbattle.htm">the original</a> on September 26, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNITED+STATES+COLORED+TROOPS+IN+THE+CIVIL+WAR&rft.atitle=CIVIL+WAR+BATTLES+%E2%80%93+UNITED+STATES+COLORED+TROOPS&rft.date=2008&rft.au=McRae%2C+Bennie+J.+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lwfaaf.net%2Fcwdata%2Fcwbattle.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schubert-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schubert_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schubert_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchubert2004" class="citation book cs1">Schubert, Frank N. (2004). <i>On the Trail of the Buffalo Soldier II: New and Revised Biographies of African Americans (1866–1917)</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8420-5079-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8420-5079-5"><bdi>0-8420-5079-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Trail+of+the+Buffalo+Soldier+II%3A+New+and+Revised+Biographies+of+African+Americans+%281866%E2%80%931917%29&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8420-5079-5&rft.aulast=Schubert&rft.aufirst=Frank+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bigelow-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bigelow_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bigelow_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bigelow_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bigelow_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bigelow_34-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bigelow_34-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bigelow_34-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBigelowc._1890" class="citation web cs1">Bigelow, John Jr, Lieutenant, U.S.A., R.Q.M. Tenth Cavalry (c. 1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090803083923/http://history.army.mil/books/R%26H/R%26H-10CV.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The Tenth Regiment of Cavalry" from "The Army of the United States Historical Sketches of Staff and Line with Portraits of Generals-in-Chief"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/R%26H/R%26H-10CV.htm">the original</a> on August 3, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22The+Tenth+Regiment+of+Cavalry%22+from+%22The+Army+of+the+United+States+Historical+Sketches+of+Staff+and+Line+with+Portraits+of+Generals-in-Chief%22&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.aulast=Bigelow&rft.aufirst=John+Jr%2C+Lieutenant%2C+U.S.A.%2C+R.Q.M.+Tenth+Cavalry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fbooks%2FR%2526H%2FR%2526H-10CV.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-legendsofamerica.com-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-legendsofamerica.com_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheldon1913" class="citation web cs1">Sheldon, Addison Erwin (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legendsofamerica.com/OZ-BeecherIsland.html">"The Battle of Beecher Island"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Beecher+Island&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Sheldon&rft.aufirst=Addison+Erwin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legendsofamerica.com%2FOZ-BeecherIsland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leckie-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leckie_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leckie_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leckie_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leckie_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leckie_38-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leckie_38-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leckie_38-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leckie_38-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeckie1999" class="citation book cs1">Leckie, William H. (December 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buffalosoldiersn0000leck"><i>The Buffalo Soldiers: A Narrative of the Negro Cavalry in the West</i></a>. University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-1244-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-1244-2"><bdi>978-0-8061-1244-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Buffalo+Soldiers%3A+A+Narrative+of+the+Negro+Cavalry+in+the+West&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1999-12&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-1244-2&rft.aulast=Leckie&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbuffalosoldiersn0000leck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buffalosoldiers-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Buffalosoldiers_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buffalosoldiers_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buffalosoldiers_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawton" class="citation web cs1">Lawton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090803092634/http://www.buffalosoldiers-lawtonftsill.org/honor.htm">"Buffalo Soldiers — 10th Cavalry Medal of Honor recipients"</a>. <i>Buffalo Soldiers</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buffalosoldiers-lawtonftsill.org/honor.htm">the original</a> on August 3, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buffalo+Soldiers&rft.atitle=Buffalo+Soldiers+%E2%80%94+10th+Cavalry+Medal+of+Honor+recipients&rft.au=Lawton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buffalosoldiers-lawtonftsill.org%2Fhonor.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beecher-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beecher_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beecher_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter1912" class="citation book cs1">Carpenter, Louis Henry, Brig. Gen, retired (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abuffalosoldier.com/carpenterreco.htm"><i>Carpenter's Recollections: The Battle of Beecher Island</i></a>. Kansas State Historical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carpenter%27s+Recollections%3A+The+Battle+of+Beecher+Island&rft.pub=Kansas+State+Historical+Society&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Louis+Henry%2C+Brig.+Gen%2C+retired&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabuffalosoldier.com%2Fcarpenterreco.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span> Letter written in 1912 from Carpenter to Mr. George Martin of the Kansas State Historical Society.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Part2-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Part2_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Part2_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Part2_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Part2_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenterCarpenter1912" class="citation web cs1">Carpenter, Edward; Carpenter, Gen. Louis H. (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buffalosoldier.net/Part%202.htm">"<i>Part 2, Buffalo Soldiers — 10th Cavalry</i>"</a>. <i>Buffalo Soldiers — 10th Cavalry</i>. J.B. Lippincott Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buffalo+Soldiers+%E2%80%94+10th+Cavalry&rft.atitle=Part+2%2C+Buffalo+Soldiers+%E2%80%94+10th+Cavalry&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Carpenter%2C+Gen.+Louis+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buffalosoldier.net%2FPart%25202.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wharton-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wharton_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWharton1935" class="citation book cs1">Wharton, Clarence Ray (1873–1941) (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/a/OL2307085A/Clarence-Ray-Wharton"><i>History of Texas</i></a>. Dallas, Texas: Turner Company. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/35013617">35013617</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2152691">2152691</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Texas&rft.place=Dallas%2C+Texas&rft.pub=Turner+Company&rft.date=1935&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2152691&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F35013617&rft.aulast=Wharton&rft.aufirst=Clarence+Ray+%281873%E2%80%931941%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fa%2FOL2307085A%2FClarence-Ray-Wharton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Texas-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Texas_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Texas_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Texas_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTexas" class="citation web cs1">Texas, State Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/treasures/indians/satanta.html">"Satanta"</a>. <i>Archives and Manuscripts</i>. Texas State Library & Archives Commission<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archives+and+Manuscripts&rft.atitle=Satanta&rft.aulast=Texas&rft.aufirst=State+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tsl.state.tx.us%2Ftreasures%2Findians%2Fsatanta.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Ryzin1990" class="citation magazine cs1">Van Ryzin, Robert R. (February 6, 1990). "Which Indian Really Modeled?". <i>Numismatic News</i>. Krause Publications, F+W Media, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Numismatic+News&rft.atitle=Which+Indian+Really+Modeled%3F&rft.date=1990-02-06&rft.aulast=Van+Ryzin&rft.aufirst=Robert+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Texas2-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Texas2_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Texas2_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeery" class="citation web cs1">Peery, Dan W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080709073116/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v013/v013p030.html">"Chronicles of Oklahoma"</a>. <i>March 1935</i>. Oklahoma Historical Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v013/v013p030.html">the original</a> on July 9, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=March+1935&rft.atitle=Chronicles+of+Oklahoma&rft.aulast=Peery&rft.aufirst=Dan+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.okstate.edu%2FChronicles%2Fv013%2Fv013p030.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boggs-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boggs_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boggs_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoggs2004" class="citation book cs1">Boggs, Johnny D. (2004). <i>Spark on the Prairie: The Trial of the Kiowa Chiefs</i>. Thorndike Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7862-7109-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7862-7109-4"><bdi>0-7862-7109-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spark+on+the+Prairie%3A+The+Trial+of+the+Kiowa+Chiefs&rft.pub=Thorndike+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7862-7109-4&rft.aulast=Boggs&rft.aufirst=Johnny+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrusePatrica_Mercado-Allinger2001" class="citation web cs1">Cruse, Brett; Patrica Mercado-Allinger (January 10, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/redriver/index.html">"Red River War"</a>. Texas Beyond History<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+River+War&rft.pub=Texas+Beyond+History&rft.date=2001-01-10&rft.aulast=Cruse&rft.aufirst=Brett&rft.au=Patrica+Mercado-Allinger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.texasbeyondhistory.net%2Fredriver%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Image from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libraries.uta.edu/SpecColl/crose04/fortdavis.htm">Special Collections of The University of Texas at Arlington Library.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706234607/http://libraries.uta.edu/SpecColl/crose04/fortdavis.htm">Archived</a> July 6, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaywaykla1972" class="citation book cs1">Kaywaykla, James (1972). Eva Ball (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indaysofvictorio0000kayw"><i>In the Days of Victorio: Recollections of a Warm Springs Apache</i></a></span>. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8165-0199-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8165-0199-8"><bdi>0-8165-0199-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/73-101103">73-101103</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Days+of+Victorio%3A+Recollections+of+a+Warm+Springs+Apache&rft.place=Tucson%2C+Arizona&rft.pub=University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F73-101103&rft.isbn=0-8165-0199-8&rft.aulast=Kaywaykla&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findaysofvictorio0000kayw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BS-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BS_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BS_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawton" class="citation web cs1">Lawton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090518093537/http://www.buffalosoldiers-lawtonftsill.org/10-cav.htm">"<i>Buffalo Soldiers — 10th Cavalry History</i>"</a>. <i>Buffalo Soldiers</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buffalosoldiers-lawtonftsill.org/10-cav.htm">the original</a> on May 18, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buffalo+Soldiers&rft.atitle=Buffalo+Soldiers+%E2%80%94+10th+Cavalry+History&rft.au=Lawton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buffalosoldiers-lawtonftsill.org%2F10-cav.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gott-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gott_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gott_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gott_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gott_52-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gott_52-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGott2005" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Gott, Kendall D. (March 17, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609200309/http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/download/csipubs/gott.pdf">"In Search of an Elusive Enemy: The Victorio Campaign 1879–1880"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Global War of Terrorism</i>. Paper 5. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press: 41–47. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/58803669">58803669</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/download/csipubs/gott.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 9, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+War+of+Terrorism&rft.atitle=In+Search+of+an+Elusive+Enemy%3A+The+Victorio+Campaign+1879%E2%80%931880&rft.volume=Paper+5&rft.pages=41-47&rft.date=2005-03-17&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F58803669&rft.aulast=Gott&rft.aufirst=Kendall+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-cgsc.army.mil%2Fcarl%2Fdownload%2Fcsipubs%2Fgott.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThrapp1974" class="citation book cs1">Thrapp, Dan L. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/victoriomimbres00thra_0"><i>Victorio and the Mimbres Apaches</i></a>. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-1076-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-1076-7"><bdi>0-8061-1076-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victorio+and+the+Mimbres+Apaches&rft.place=Norman%2C+OK&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-8061-1076-7&rft.aulast=Thrapp&rft.aufirst=Dan+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvictoriomimbres00thra_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAleshire2001" class="citation book cs1">Aleshire, Peter (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warriorwomanstor00ales"><i>Woman Warrior: The Story of Lozen, Apache Warrior and Shaman</i></a></span>. New York: St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-24408-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-24408-8"><bdi>0-312-24408-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woman+Warrior%3A+The+Story+of+Lozen%2C+Apache+Warrior+and+Shaman&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-312-24408-8&rft.aulast=Aleshire&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarriorwomanstor00ales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinevan1998" class="citation book cs1">Kinevan, Marcos E., Brigadier General, USAF, retired (1998). <i>Frontier Cavalryman, Lieutenant John Bigelow with the Buffalo Soldiers in Texas</i>. Texas Western Press, The University of Texas at El Paso. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87404-243-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87404-243-7"><bdi>0-87404-243-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontier+Cavalryman%2C+Lieutenant+John+Bigelow+with+the+Buffalo+Soldiers+in+Texas&rft.pub=Texas+Western+Press%2C+The+University+of+Texas+at+El+Paso&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-87404-243-7&rft.aulast=Kinevan&rft.aufirst=Marcos+E.%2C+Brigadier+General%2C+USAF%2C+retired&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Park_Service" class="citation web cs1">National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/hh/38/hh38ab.htm">"<i>Commanding Officers of Fort Davis</i>"</a>. <i>Fort Davis National Historic Site</i>. National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fort+Davis+National+Historic+Site&rft.atitle=Commanding+Officers+of+Fort+Davis&rft.au=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fhistory%2Fhistory%2Fonline_books%2Fhh%2F38%2Fhh38ab.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mueller-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mueller_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMueller,_Heinrich_G.K._Lucier1888" class="citation web cs1">Mueller, Heinrich G.; K. Lucier (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090803092634/http://www.buffalosoldiers-lawtonftsill.org/honor.htm">"<i>Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Reunion of the Survivors of the Sixth U. S. Cavalry</i>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buffalosoldiers-lawtonftsill.org/honor.htm">the original</a> on August 3, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Fifth+Annual+Reunion+of+the+Survivors+of+the+Sixth+U.+S.+Cavalry&rft.date=1888&rft.au=Mueller%2C+Heinrich+G.&rft.au=K.+Lucier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buffalosoldiers-lawtonftsill.org%2Fhonor.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2005" class="citation book cs1">Bell, William Gardner (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/commandinggenera00wash_3"><i>Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff 1775–2005 – Scott, Hugh Lenox, Major General official biography</i></a></span>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-16-072376-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-16-072376-0"><bdi>0-16-072376-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commanding+Generals+and+Chiefs+of+Staff+1775%E2%80%932005+%E2%80%93+Scott%2C+Hugh+Lenox%2C+Major+General+official+biography&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-16-072376-0&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=William+Gardner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcommandinggenera00wash_3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStubbsConnor,_Stanley_Russell1969" class="citation book cs1">Stubbs, Mary Lee; Connor, Stanley Russell (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213203004/http://www.history.army.mil/books/Lineage/arcav/arcav.htm"><i>ARMOR-CAVALRY – Part I: Regular Army and Army Reserve</i></a>. Army Lineage Series. Washington, D. C.: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a>. p. 22. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/Lineage/arcav/arcav.htm">the original</a> on December 13, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2009</span>. <q>Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 69–60002</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ARMOR-CAVALRY+%E2%80%93+Part+I%3A+Regular+Army+and+Army+Reserve&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.+C.&rft.series=Army+Lineage+Series&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Stubbs&rft.aufirst=Mary+Lee&rft.au=Connor%2C+Stanley+Russell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fbooks%2FLineage%2Farcav%2Farcav.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYates1910" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Yates, Austin A., Major (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schenectadyhistory.org/resources/yates/26.html">"Schenectady County, New York: Its History to the Close of the Nineteenth Century"</a>. Chapter XXVI. New York: Schenectady County, New York: 404–409<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Schenectady+County%2C+New+York%3A+Its+History+to+the+Close+of+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.volume=Chapter+XXVI&rft.pages=404-409&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=Austin+A.%2C+Major&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schenectadyhistory.org%2Fresources%2Fyates%2F26.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitnj.org/nj-historic-sites-memorials/old-swedes-trinity-episcopal-church">VisitNJ</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMOHW-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AMOHW_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130803232814/http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/indianwars.html">"United States Army Center of Military History Medal of Honor citations archive"</a>. <i>American Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a>. June 8, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/indianwars.html">the original</a> on August 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Medal+of+Honor+recipients+for+the+Indian+Wars&rft.atitle=United+States+Army+Center+of+Military+History+Medal+of+Honor+citations+archive&rft.date=2009-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fmoh%2Findianwars.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrady1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Townsend_Brady" title="Cyrus Townsend Brady">Brady, Cyrus Townsend</a> (1971) [1904]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indianfightsfigh00brad_0"><i>Indian Fights and Fighters</i></a>. Bison Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-5743-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-5743-6"><bdi>978-0-8032-5743-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Fights+and+Fighters&rft.pub=Bison+Books&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-5743-6&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Cyrus+Townsend&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findianfightsfigh00brad_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeitman1994" class="citation book cs1">Heitman, Francis B. (1994) [1903]. <i>Historical Register and Dictionary of US Army, 1789–1903, Volume 1 & 2</i>. US Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8063-1401-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8063-1401-3"><bdi>978-0-8063-1401-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Register+and+Dictionary+of+US+Army%2C+1789%E2%80%931903%2C+Volume+1+%26+2&rft.pub=US+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8063-1401-3&rft.aulast=Heitman&rft.aufirst=Francis+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongacre1986" class="citation book cs1">Longacre, Edward G. (1986). <i>The Cavalry at Gettysburg</i>. University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-7941-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8032-7941-8"><bdi>0-8032-7941-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cavalry+at+Gettysburg&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-8032-7941-8&rft.aulast=Longacre&rft.aufirst=Edward+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Senate1968" class="citation book cs1">United States Senate, Veterans' Affairs of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare US Senate 1968 (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/medalofhonor186300unit"><i>Medal of Honor 1863–1968</i></a>. US Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/00008594">00008594</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medal+of+Honor+1863%E2%80%931968&rft.pub=US+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F00008594&rft.aulast=United+States+Senate&rft.aufirst=Veterans%27+Affairs+of+the+Committee+on+Labor+and+Public+Welfare+US+Senate+1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmedalofhonor186300unit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWittenberg1998" class="citation book cs1">Wittenberg, Eric J. (1998). <i>Gettysburg's Forgotten Cavalry Actions</i>. Thomas Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57747-035-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-57747-035-4"><bdi>1-57747-035-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gettysburg%27s+Forgotten+Cavalry+Actions&rft.pub=Thomas+Publications&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-57747-035-4&rft.aulast=Wittenberg&rft.aufirst=Eric+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+H.+Carpenter" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.hsp.org/collections/manuscripts/c/Carpenter0115.html">Carpenter Family papers</a>, including Louis H. Carpenter's military papers and Civil War-era correspondence, are available for research use at the <a href="/wiki/Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania" title="Historical Society of Pennsylvania">Historical Society of Pennsylvania</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1865/january/saltville-virginia.htm">Coverage by Harper's Weekly regarding Saltville Battles</a>; continued <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1865/january/making-salt.htm">here</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ehistory.com/uscw/features/regimental/cavalry.cfm">Introduction to Civil War Cavalry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.tripod.com/k_lucier/platt.htm">Platt MOH webpage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/foda/Fort_Davis_WEB_PAGE/About_the_Fort/Following_The_Guidon.htm">Alice Kirk Grierson and the Tenth Cavalry Officers' Wives at Fort Davis</a></li> <li>Carpenter, Louis H., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://petruzzi.wordpress.com/?s=Carpenter"><i>Cavalry Fighting Dismounted,</i></a> November 1888 issue of <i>Journal of the U.S. Cavalry Association</i> cited by J. David Petruzzi in <i>Hoofbeats and Cold Steel.</i> Retrieved August 9, 2009. More articles by Carpenter at: Kansas State Historical Society, Mircrofilm reel numbers M 968, M 969 & M970. See item: <i>The Journal of the U.S. Cavalry Association</i> published in Moundridge, McPherson, KS.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Buffalo_Soldiers" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Buffalo_Soldiers" title="Template:Buffalo Soldiers"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Buffalo_Soldiers" title="Template talk:Buffalo Soldiers"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Buffalo_Soldiers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Buffalo Soldiers"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Buffalo_Soldiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Soldier" title="Buffalo Soldier">Buffalo Soldiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Colored_Troops" title="United States Colored Troops">United States Colored Troops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Colored_Troops" title="Bureau of Colored Troops">Bureau of Colored Troops</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buffaloes._367th_Infantry,_(African_American)_troops_return_colors_to_Union_League_Club._Men_draw_._._._-_NARA_-_533590.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Buffaloes._367th_Infantry%2C_%28African_American%29_troops_return_colors_to_Union_League_Club._Men_draw_._._._-_NARA_-_533590.jpg/195px-Buffaloes._367th_Infantry%2C_%28African_American%29_troops_return_colors_to_Union_League_Club._Men_draw_._._._-_NARA_-_533590.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Buffaloes._367th_Infantry%2C_%28African_American%29_troops_return_colors_to_Union_League_Club._Men_draw_._._._-_NARA_-_533590.jpg/293px-Buffaloes._367th_Infantry%2C_%28African_American%29_troops_return_colors_to_Union_League_Club._Men_draw_._._._-_NARA_-_533590.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Buffaloes._367th_Infantry%2C_%28African_American%29_troops_return_colors_to_Union_League_Club._Men_draw_._._._-_NARA_-_533590.jpg/390px-Buffaloes._367th_Infantry%2C_%28African_American%29_troops_return_colors_to_Union_League_Club._Men_draw_._._._-_NARA_-_533590.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2236" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Original units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="9th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">9th Cavalry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">10th Cavalry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="24th Infantry Regiment (United States)">24th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="25th Infantry Regiment (United States)">25th Infantry Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> recipients <br /> (1866–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Baker_Jr." title="Edward L. Baker Jr.">Edward L. Baker Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Bell_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="Dennis Bell (Medal of Honor)">Dennis Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Boyne" title="Thomas Boyne">Thomas Boyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Brown_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="Benjamin Brown (Medal of Honor)">Benjamin Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ritter_Burnett" title="George Ritter Burnett">George Ritter Burnett</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louis H. Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Denny_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="John Denny (Medal of Honor)">John Denny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompey_Factor" title="Pompey Factor">Pompey Factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Greaves" title="Clinton Greaves">Clinton Greaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Johnson_(Medal_of_Honor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Johnson (Medal of Honor)">Henry Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jordan_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="George Jordan (Medal of Honor)">George Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitz_Lee_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="Fitz Lee (Medal of Honor)">Fitz Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Mays" title="Isaiah Mays">Isaiah Mays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McBryar" title="William McBryar">William McBryar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Paine" title="Adam Paine">Adam Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Payne" title="Isaac Payne">Isaac Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Shaw_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="Thomas Shaw (Medal of Honor)">Thomas Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Stance" title="Emanuel Stance">Emanuel Stance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Stowers" title="Freddie Stowers">Freddie Stowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Thompkins" title="William H. Thompkins">William H. Thompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Walley" title="Augustus Walley">Augustus Walley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Wanton" title="George H. Wanton">George H. Wanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ward_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="John Ward (Medal of Honor)">John Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Williams_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="Moses Williams (Medal of Honor)">Moses Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Othello_Wilson" title="William Othello Wilson">William Othello Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Woods" title="Brent Woods">Brent Woods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Notable battles <br /> (1866–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saline_River" title="Battle of the Saline River">Saline River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas%E2%80%93Indian_wars" title="Texas–Indian wars">Texas–Indian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beecher_Island" title="Battle of Beecher Island">Beecher Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_M._Nolan#Defense_of_the_Wichita" title="Nicholas M. Nolan">Wichita I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Battle_of_Beaver_Creek">Beaver Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_North_Fork_of_the_Red_River" title="Battle of the North Fork of the Red River">North Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_War" title="Red River War">Red River War</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Defense_of_the_Wichita_II">Wichita II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Wars" title="Apache Wars">Apache Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorio%27s_War" title="Victorio's War">Victorio Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Tularosa" title="Battle of Fort Tularosa">Fort Tularosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannock_War_of_1895" title="Bannock War of 1895">Bannock Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_Uprising" title="Yaqui Uprising">Yaqui Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bear_Valley" title="Battle of Bear Valley">Bear Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meeker_Massacre" title="Meeker Massacre">Meeker Massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Guasimas" title="Battle of Las Guasimas">Las Guasimas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tayacoba" title="Battle of Tayacoba">Tayacoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_El_Caney" title="Battle of El Caney">El Caney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" title="Battle of San Juan Hill">San Juan Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Santiago" title="Siege of Santiago">Santiago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moro_Rebellion" title="Moro Rebellion">Moro Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Border_War_(1910%E2%80%931919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Border War (1910–1919)">Border War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa_Expedition" title="Pancho Villa Expedition">Pancho Villa Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carrizal" title="Battle of Carrizal">Carrizal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ambos_Nogales" title="Battle of Ambos Nogales">Ambos Nogales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="Third Battle of the Aisne">Third Battle of the Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">Second Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">Meuse–Argonne offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_campaigns_in_World_War_I#Oise-Aisne,_18_August_–_11_November_1918" title="United States campaigns in World War I">Oise-Aisne Offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wham_Paymaster_Robbery" class="mw-redirect" title="Wham Paymaster Robbery">Wham Paymaster Robbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsville_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownsville Affair">Brownsville Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisbee_Riot" title="Bisbee Riot">Bisbee Riot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">Military history of African Americans</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gettysburg_figures" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gettysburg_figures" title="Template:Gettysburg figures"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gettysburg_figures" title="Template talk:Gettysburg figures"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gettysburg_figures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gettysburg figures"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gettysburg_figures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Gettysburg figures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate</a> leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Lee</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Porter_Alexander" title="Edward Porter Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Anderson_(general)" title="Richard H. Anderson (general)">R. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_T._Anderson" title="George T. Anderson">G. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Archer" title="James J. Archer">Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Addison_Armistead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Addison Armistead">Armistead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barksdale" title="William Barksdale">Barksdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Benning" title="Henry L. Benning">Benning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Brockenbrough" title="John M. Brockenbrough">Brockenbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Chambliss" title="John R. Chambliss">Chambliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junius_Daniel" title="Junius Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Davis" title="Joseph R. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_P._Doles" title="George P. Doles">Doles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubal_Early" title="Jubal Early">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Ewell" title="Richard S. Ewell">Ewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Garnett" title="Richard B. Garnett">Garnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Gordon" title="John B. Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_Hampton_III" title="Wade Hampton III">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Hays" title="Harry T. Hays">Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Heth" title="Henry Heth">Heth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._Hill" title="A. P. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_Hood" title="John Bell Hood">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_G._Humphreys" title="Benjamin G. Humphreys">Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Imboden" title="John D. Imboden">Imboden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Iverson_Jr." title="Alfred Iverson Jr.">Iverson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_G._Jenkins" title="Albert G. Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Johnson_(general)" title="Edward Johnson (general)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Jones" title="John M. Jones">J. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Jones_(general)" title="William E. Jones (general)">W. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Kemper" title="James L. Kemper">Kemper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Kershaw" title="Joseph B. Kershaw">Kershaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Lane_(Confederate_general)" title="James Henry Lane (Confederate general)">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evander_M._Law" title="Evander M. Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzhugh_Lee" title="Fitzhugh Lee">F. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Fitzhugh_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="William Henry Fitzhugh Lee">W. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Longstreet" title="James Longstreet">Longstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Mahone" title="William Mahone">Mahone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Marshall" title="James K. Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_McLaws" title="Lafayette McLaws">McLaws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_A._O%27Neal" title="Edward A. O'Neal">O'Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Oates" title="William C. Oates">Oates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dorsey_Pender" title="William Dorsey Pender">Pender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Johnston_Pettigrew" title="J. Johnston Pettigrew">Pettigrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner_Monroe_Perrin" title="Abner Monroe Perrin">Perrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pickett" title="George Pickett">Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnot_Posey" title="Carnot Posey">Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dodson_Ramseur" title="Stephen Dodson Ramseur">Ramseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_B._Robertson" title="Jerome B. Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Rodes" title="Robert E. Rodes">Rodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Moore_Scales" title="Alfred Moore Scales">Scales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Jones_Semmes" title="Paul Jones Semmes">Semmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(Virginia_governor)" title="William Smith (Virginia governor)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Steuart_(brigadier_general)" title="George H. Steuart (brigadier general)">G. Steuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._E._B._Stuart" title="J. E. B. Stuart">J. E. B. Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lloyd_Thomas" title="Edward Lloyd Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_R._Trimble" title="Isaac R. Trimble">Trimble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Walker" title="James A. Walker">J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Lindsay_Walker" title="Reuben Lindsay Walker">R. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadmus_M._Wilcox" title="Cadmus M. Wilcox">Wilcox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Wofford" title="William T. Wofford">Wofford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_R._Wright" title="Ambrose R. Wright">Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/George_Meade" title="George Meade">Meade</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelbert_Ames" title="Adelbert Ames">Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeyn_B._Ayres" title="Romeyn B. Ayres">Ayres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_C._Barlow" title="Francis C. Barlow">Barlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Barnes_(general)" title="James Barnes (general)">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Baxter" title="Henry Baxter">Baxter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapman_Biddle" title="Chapman Biddle">Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Birney" title="David B. Birney">Birney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Buford" title="John Buford">Buford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Caldwell" title="John C. Caldwell">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Candy" title="Charles Candy">Candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Henry_Carpenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Henry Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradford_Carr" title="Joseph Bradford Carr">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Chamberlain" title="Joshua Chamberlain">J. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_W._Claflin" title="Ira W. Claflin">Claflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Cross" title="Edward E. Cross">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg_Curtin" title="Andrew Gregg Curtin">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonzo_Cushing" title="Alonzo Cushing">Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer" title="George Armstrong Custer">Custer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Cutler" title="Lysander Cutler">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._Crawford" title="Samuel W. Crawford">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner_Doubleday" title="Abner Doubleday">Doubleday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_J._Farnsworth" title="Elon J. Farnsworth">Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Geary" title="John W. Geary">Geary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gibbon" title="John Gibbon">Gibbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Gilsa" title="Leopold von Gilsa">Gilsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Graham" title="Charles K. Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Greene" title="George S. Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McMurtrie_Gregg" title="David McMurtrie Gregg">Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harrow" title="William Harrow">Harrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hays" title="Alexander Hays">Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooker" title="Joseph Hooker">Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Otis_Howard" title="Oliver Otis Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_A._Humphreys" title="Andrew A. Humphreys">Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jackson_Hunt" title="Henry Jackson Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judson_Kilpatrick" class="mw-redirect" title="Judson Kilpatrick">Kilpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Krzy%C5%BCanowski" title="Włodzimierz Krzyżanowski">Krzyżanowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Meredith" title="Solomon Meredith">Meredith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Merritt" title="Wesley Merritt">Merritt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Newton_(engineer)" title="John Newton (engineer)">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_M._Nolan" title="Nicholas M. Nolan">Nolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Rene_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel Rene Paul">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Pleasonton" title="Alfred Pleasonton">Pleasonton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Reynolds" title="John F. Reynolds">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clay_Rice" title="James Clay Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Robinson" title="John C. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Algeo_Rowley" title="Thomas Algeo Rowley">Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Ruger" title="Thomas H. Ruger">Ruger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Schimmelfennig" title="Alexander Schimmelfennig">Schimmelfennig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schurz" title="Carl Schurz">Schurz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sedgwick" title="John Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sickles" title="Daniel Sickles">Sickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Warner_Slocum" title="Henry Warner Slocum">Slocum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Stannard" title="George J. Stannard">Stannard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Starr" title="Samuel H. Starr">Starr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_von_Steinwehr" title="Adolph von Steinwehr">Steinwehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sykes" title="George Sykes">Sykes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Tilton" title="William S. Tilton">Tilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_O._Tyler" title="Robert O. Tyler">Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_Vincent" title="Strong Vincent">Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._Wadsworth" title="James S. Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._H._Hobart_Ward" title="J. H. Hobart Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_K._Warren" title="Gouverneur K. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_H._Weed" title="Stephen H. Weed">Weed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_S._Webb" title="Alexander S. Webb">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Willard" title="George L. Willard">Willard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_S._Williams" title="Alpheus S. Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_K._Zook" title="Samuel K. Zook">Zook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other notable<br />military personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_A._Alger" title="Russell A. Alger">Alger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_E._Avery" title="Isaac E. Avery">Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_S._Baker" title="Laurence S. Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Horatio_Belo" title="Alfred Horatio Belo">Belo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Berdan" title="Hiram Berdan">Berdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Biddle" title="Alexander Biddle">Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Brooke" title="John R. Brooke">Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Brown" title="Stephen F. Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goode_Bryan" title="Goode Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_K._Burgwyn" title="Henry K. Burgwyn">Burgwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Burling" title="George C. Burling">Burling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Carroll" title="Samuel S. Carroll">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Carter_(Civil_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Henry Carter (Civil War)">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chamberlain_(soldier)" title="Thomas Chamberlain (soldier)">T. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Colvill" title="William J. Colvill">Colvill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Corby" title="William Corby">Corby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Coster" title="Charles Coster">Coster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dearing" title="James Dearing">Dearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Devin" title="Thomas Devin">Devin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_van_Horne_Ellis" title="Augustus van Horne Ellis">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Enderlin" title="Richard Enderlin">Enderlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lyon_Fremantle" title="Arthur Lyon Fremantle">Lyon Fremantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkett_D._Fry" title="Birkett D. Fry">Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gamble_(general)" title="William Gamble (general)">Gamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenner_Garrard" title="Kenner Garrard">Garrard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_C._Godwin" title="Archibald C. Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._J._Goree" title="T. J. Goree">Goree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Irvin_Gregg" title="John Irvin Gregg">Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Grimes" title="Bryan Grimes">Grimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gwyn" title="James Gwyn">Gwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_J._Hall" title="Norman J. Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Harrison" title="Henry Thomas Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_A._Haskell" title="Frank A. Haskell">Haskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Hazlett" title="Charles E. Hazlett">Hazlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Stockton_Howell" title="Horatio Stockton Howell">Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Humiston" title="Amos Humiston">Humiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Jeffords" title="Harrison Jeffords">Jeffords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellus_Jones" title="Marcellus Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Kelly_(Civil_War)" title="Patrick Kelly (Civil War)">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myles_Keogh" title="Myles Keogh">Keogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lang_(Civil_War)" title="David Lang (Civil War)">Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Latimer" title="Joseph W. Latimer">Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Lewis" title="William G. Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McCandless" title="William McCandless">McCandless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_L._McDougall" title="Archibald L. McDougall">McDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._McFarland" title="George F. McFarland">McFarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baillie_McIntosh" title="John Baillie McIntosh">McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Murphy_Mayo" title="Robert Murphy Mayo">Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holman_S._Melcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Holman S. Melcher">Melcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Goodale_Morrill" title="Walter Goodale Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_D._Muhlenberg" title="Edward D. Muhlenberg">Muhlenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Rorke" title="Patrick O'Rorke">O'Rorke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ario_Pardee,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Ario Pardee, Jr.">Pardee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ransom_Johnson_Pegram" class="mw-redirect" title="William Ransom Johnson Pegram">Pegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner_Monroe_Perrin" title="Abner Monroe Perrin">Perrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Poague" title="William T. Poague">Poague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Salomon" title="Edward S. Salomon">Salomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orland_Smith" title="Orland Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxley_Sorrel" title="Moxley Sorrel">Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Spear" title="Ellis Spear">Spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Stone_(general)" title="Roy Stone (general)">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Taylor" title="Walter H. Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gis_de_Trobriand" title="Régis de Trobriand">Trobriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Wainwright" title="Charles S. Wainwright">Wainwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hull_Ward" title="George Hull Ward">Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Local civilians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Broadhead" title="Sarah Broadhead">Broadhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Bryan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Burns" title="John L. Burns">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_McClean" title="Moses McClean">McClean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McConaughy" title="David McConaughy">McConaughy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_McPherson" title="Edward McPherson">McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginnie_Wade" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginnie Wade">Wade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wills_(Gettysburg)" title="David Wills (Gettysburg)">Wills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16059138#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16059138#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16059138#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000049590444">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/58943869">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/302965/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfWWFQFxCXJBwvRxCk4bd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr92015283">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6ck2mvh">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&oldid=1256437458">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&oldid=1256437458</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buffalo_Soldiers" title="Category:Buffalo Soldiers">Buffalo Soldiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1839_births" title="Category:1839 births">1839 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1916_deaths" title="Category:1916 deaths">1916 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Army_Medal_of_Honor_recipients" title="Category:United States Army Medal of Honor recipients">United States Army Medal of Honor recipients</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_New_Jersey_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Category:People of New Jersey in the American Civil War">People of New Jersey in the American Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Union_army_officers" title="Category:Union army officers">Union army officers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Army_soldiers" title="Category:United States Army soldiers">United States Army soldiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Army_officers" title="Category:United States Army officers">United States Army officers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_military_personnel_of_the_Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Category:American military personnel of the Spanish–American War">American military personnel of the Spanish–American War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cavalry_commanders" title="Category:Cavalry commanders">Cavalry commanders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Category:People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War">People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Texas%E2%80%93Indian_Wars" title="Category:Texas–Indian Wars">Texas–Indian Wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_American_writers" title="Category:19th-century American writers">19th-century American writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_Indian_Wars_recipients_of_the_Medal_of_Honor" title="Category:American Indian Wars recipients of the Medal of Honor">American Indian Wars recipients of the Medal of Honor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Glassboro,_New_Jersey" title="Category:People from Glassboro, New Jersey">People from Glassboro, New Jersey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_personnel_from_New_Jersey" title="Category:Military personnel from New Jersey">Military personnel from New Jersey</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_April_2016" title="Category:Use mdy dates from April 2016">Use mdy dates from April 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_military_person_with_both_image_and_medal" title="Category:Pages using infobox military person with both image and medal">Pages using infobox military person with both image and medal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_the_United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States Army Center of Military History">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States Army Center of Military History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 November 2024, at 23:10<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_H._Carpenter&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rxt7p","wgBackendResponseTime":208,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.892","walltime":"1.225","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5733,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":194121,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3683,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":277069,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 973.476 1 -total"," 29.97% 291.773 2 Template:Reflist"," 20.49% 199.429 29 Template:Cite_book"," 12.33% 120.057 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.64% 93.867 26 Template:Cite_web"," 9.37% 91.226 1 Template:Infobox_military_person"," 9.15% 89.096 3 Template:Military_navigation"," 9.15% 89.091 1 Template:Buffalo_Soldiers"," 8.85% 86.175 8 Template:Main_other"," 8.72% 84.854 1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.488","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10113018,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-njvp4","timestamp":"20241122223457","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Louis H. Carpenter","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_H._Carpenter","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16059138","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16059138","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-07-04T09:10:23Z","dateModified":"2024-11-09T23:10:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f0\/LouisHCarpenter.jpg","headline":"American Civil War, Indian Wars, Cuban-American War Medal of Honor recipient"}</script> </body> </html>