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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Early modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principality_and_Kingdom_of_Montenegro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principality_and_Kingdom_of_Montenegro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Principality and Kingdom of Montenegro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principality_and_Kingdom_of_Montenegro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Kingdom of Yugoslavia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II_and_Socialist_Yugoslavia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II_and_Socialist_Yugoslavia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>World War II and Socialist Yugoslavia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II_and_Socialist_Yugoslavia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Montenegro_within_FR_Yugoslavia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montenegro_within_FR_Yugoslavia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Montenegro within FR Yugoslavia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montenegro_within_FR_Yugoslavia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Biodiversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_enforcement,_security_and_emergency_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_enforcement,_security_and_emergency_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Law enforcement, security and emergency services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_enforcement,_security_and_emergency_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ethnic structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 257 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-257" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">257 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont%C3%A9n%C3%A8gr%C3%B4" title="Monténègrô – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Monténègrô" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%84%D3%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D3%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="БгыфӀыцӀей – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="БгыфӀыцӀей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Черногорие – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Черногорие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9E%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B4%E1%8A%94%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%AE" title="ሞንቴኔግሮ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሞንቴኔግሮ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="माँटेनीग्रो – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="माँटेनीग्रो" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweartbeorg" title="Sweartbeorg – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Sweartbeorg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Черногориа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Черногориа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF" title="الجبل الأسود – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجبل الأسود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%90_%DC%90%DC%98%DC%9F%DC%A1%DC%90" title="ܛܘܪܐ ܐܘܟܡܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܛܘܪܐ ܐܘܟܡܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%AF%D6%80%D6%85" title="Մոնթենեկրօ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մոնթենեկրօ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntinigru" title="Muntinigru – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Muntinigru" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont%C3%A8n%C3%A8gro" title="Montènègro – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Montènègro" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegru" title="Montenegru – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Montenegru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monten%C3%A9gyro" title="Montenégyro – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Montenégyro" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%80" title="ЧӀегӀермегӀер – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ЧӀегӀермегӀер" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monteneqro" title="Monteneqro – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Monteneqro" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%88" title="مونتینیقرو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مونتینیقرو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B" title="মন্টিনিগ্রো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মন্টিনিগ্রো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Черногория – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Черногория" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Чарнагорыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чарнагорыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Чарнагорыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чарнагорыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="मोंटीनीग्रो – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मोंटीनीग्रो" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Черна гора – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Черна гора" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="མོན་ཊེནིག་རོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མོན་ཊེནིག་རོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crna_Gora" title="Crna Gora – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Crna Gora" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Черногори – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Черногори" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Хурату – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хурату" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cern%C3%A1_Hora" title="Černá Hora – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Černá Hora" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monthenegiro" title="Monthenegiro – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Monthenegiro" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegru" title="Montenegru – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Montenegru" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%DD%A3%D8%B1%D9%88" title="مونطينيݣرو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مونطينيݣرو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AE%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%93%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%A9%DE%8E%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AF" title="މޮންޓެނީގުރޯ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މޮންޓެނީގުރޯ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzi%C5%82izhin_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Dziłizhin Dineʼé Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dziłizhin Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnog%C3%B3rska" title="Carnogórska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Carnogórska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="मोन्टेनेग्रो – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मोन्टेनेग्रो" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μαυροβούνιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαυροβούνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2ntn%C3%A9gar" title="Mòntnégar – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Mòntnégar" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Черногория Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Черногория Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegru" title="Montenegru – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Montenegru" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88" title="مونته‌نگرو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مونته‌نگرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont%C3%A9n%C3%A9gro" title="Monténégro – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monténégro" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montneri" title="Montneri – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Montneri" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montain%C3%A9agr%C3%B3" title="Montainéagró – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Montainéagró" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karadaa" title="Karadaa – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Karadaa" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am_Monadh_Neagrach" title="Am Monadh Neagrach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Am Monadh Neagrach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B" title="મોન્ટેનીગ્રો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મોન્ટેનીગ્રો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="माँटेनिग्रो – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="माँटेनिग्रो" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%AC%ED%85%8C%EB%84%A4%EA%B7%B8%EB%A1%9C" title="몬테네그로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="몬테네그로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegero" title="Montenegero – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Montenegero" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Չեռնոգորիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չեռնոգորիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="मॉन्टेनीग्रो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मॉन्टेनीग्रो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Corna_Hora" title="Čorna Hora – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Čorna Hora" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crna_Gora" title="Crna Gora – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Crna Gora" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B" title="মন্টিনিগ্রো – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মন্টিনিগ্রো" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Черногори – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Черногори" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMontenegro" title="IMontenegro – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IMontenegro" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartfjallaland" title="Svartfjallaland – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Svartfjallaland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95" title="מונטנגרו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מונטנגרו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giri_Cemeng" title="Giri Cemeng – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Giri Cemeng" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A" title="ಮಾಂಟೆನೆಗ್ರೊ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾಂಟೆನೆಗ್ರೊ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegru" title="Montenegru – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Montenegru" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Къаратау – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къаратау" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="მონტენეგრო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მონტენეგრო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cz%C3%B4rnog%C3%B3ra" title="Czôrnogóra – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Czôrnogóra" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Черногория – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Черногория" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegoro" title="Montenegoro – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Montenegoro" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Черногория – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Черногория" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Negro" title="Monte Negro – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Monte Negro" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cernagora" title="Cernagora – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Cernagora" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegwo" title="Montenegwo – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Montenegwo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont%C3%A9n%C3%A9gro" title="Monténégro – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Monténégro" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%95%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A3" title="ປະເທດມອນເຕເນໂກຣ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດມອນເຕເນໂກຣ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnkalneja" title="Malnkalneja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Malnkalneja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mons_Niger" title="Mons Niger – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mons Niger" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melnkalne" title="Melnkalne – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Melnkalne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B2" title="ЧӀулавсув – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="ЧӀулавсув" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juodkalnija" title="Juodkalnija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Juodkalnija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monten%C3%A9igro" title="Montenéigro – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Montenéigro" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsernagora" title="Tsernagora – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tsernagora" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntnegher" title="Muntnegher – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Muntnegher" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegr%C3%B3" title="Montenegró – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Montenegró" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Црна Гора – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црна Гора" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4ntenegr%C3%B4" title="Môntenegrô – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Môntenegrô" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B" title="മൊണ്ടിനെഗ്രോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൊണ്ടിനെഗ്രോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="माँटेनिग्रो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="माँटेनिग्रो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="მონტენეგრო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მონტენეგრო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%88" title="مونتينيجرو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مونتينيجرو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87_%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88" title="مونته نگرو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مونته نگرو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A3" title="ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯣ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯣ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Равжа Панда – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Равжа Панда" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Монтенегро – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Монтенегро" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="မွန်တီနီဂရိုးနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မွန်တီနီဂရိုးနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="मोन्टेनेग्रो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मोन्टेनेग्रो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD" title="モンテネグロ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モンテネグロ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%8C" title="Ӏаьржаламанчоь – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏаьржаламанчоь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monteneegro" title="Monteneegro – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Monteneegro" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montiniegrow" title="Montiniegrow – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Montiniegrow" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crna_Gora" title="Crna Gora – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Crna Gora" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Шемкурык Эл – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шемкурык Эл" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonteneegroo" title="Moonteneegroo – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Moonteneegroo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernogoriya" title="Chernogoriya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chernogoriya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B" title="ਮੋਂਟੇਨੇਗਰੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੋਂਟੇਨੇਗਰੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88" title="مونٹی نیگرو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مونٹی نیگرو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="မွန်တီနေဂရိုးခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="မွန်တီနေဂရိုးခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%DB%90%DA%AB%D8%B1%D9%88" title="مانتېنېګرو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مانتېنېګرو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%A7%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Цӧрнагора – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Цӧрнагора" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%A9rmont" title="Noérmont – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Noérmont" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montn%C3%A8igr" title="Montnèigr – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Montnèigr" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czarnog%C3%B3ra" title="Czarnogóra – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czarnogóra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Μαυροβούνιον – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Μαυροβούνιον" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernogoriya" title="Chernogoriya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Chernogoriya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntenegru" title="Muntenegru – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Muntenegru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntinikru" title="Muntinikru – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Muntinikru" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Чорна Гора – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чорна Гора" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Черногория – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Черногория" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0" title="Хара Хайа – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хара Хайа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_i_Zi" title="Mali i Zi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mali i Zi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegru" title="Montenegru – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Montenegru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D" title="මොන්ටිනිග්‍රෝ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මොන්ටිනිග්‍රෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%BD%D9%8A_%D9%86%D9%8A%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88" title="مونٽي نيگرو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مونٽي نيگرو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMonthenekho" title="IMonthenekho – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IMonthenekho" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cierna_Hora" title="Čierna Hora – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čierna Hora" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Crna_gora" title="Črna gora – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Črna gora" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Чрьна Гора – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Чрьна Гора" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czorno_G%C5%AFra" title="Czorno Gůra – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Czorno Gůra" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%86" title="مۆنتینیگرۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆنتینیگرۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrokondre" title="Montenegrokondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Montenegrokondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Црна Гора – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Црна Гора" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crna_Gora" title="Crna Gora – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Crna Gora" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont%C3%A9n%C3%A9gro" title="Monténégro – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Monténégro" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B" title="மொண்டெனேகுரோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மொண்டெனேகுரோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montinegro" title="Montinegro – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Montinegro" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondegnure" title="Mondegnure – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Mondegnure" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Черногория – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Черногория" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းမွၼ်ႇတေႇၼေးၵရူဝ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းမွၼ်ႇတေႇၼေးၵရူဝ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B" title="మాంటెనెగ్రో – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మాంటెనెగ్రో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegru" title="Montenegru – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Montenegru" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" title="ประเทศมอนเตเนโกร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศมอนเตเนโกร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Черногория – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Черногория" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monitenikalo" title="Monitenikalo – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Monitenikalo" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%BC%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%94%E1%8F%81%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B6" title="ᎼᏂᏔᏁᎦᎶ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎼᏂᏔᏁᎦᎶ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karada%C4%9F" title="Karadağ – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karadağ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ernogori%C3%BDa" title="Çernogoriýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Çernogoriýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Карадаг – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Карадаг" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Черногория – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Черногория" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чорногорія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чорногорія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88" title="مونٹینیگرو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مونٹینیگرو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%DB%95%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88" title="مونتەنەگرو – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مونتەنەگرو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustm%C3%A4gi" title="Mustmägi – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mustmägi" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegr%C3%A4n" title="Montenegrän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Montenegrän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont%C3%B5negro" title="Montõnegro – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Montõnegro" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1" title="黑山 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="黑山" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1" title="黑山 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="黑山" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90" title="מאנטענעגרא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאנטענעגרא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1" title="黑山 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="黑山" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenehro" title="Montenehro – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Montenehro" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joudkaln%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Joudkalnėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Joudkalnėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蒙特內哥羅" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BB%8Dntinegiro" title="Mọntinegiro – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Mọntinegiro" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Item" title="Gunung Item – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Gunung Item" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Montenegro" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sijobandistan" title="Sijobandistan – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Sijobandistan" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94_%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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19.300</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Country in Southeastern Europe</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the country in Europe. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Montenegro_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Montenegro (disambiguation)">Montenegro (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Crna Gora" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Crna_Gora_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Crna Gora (disambiguation)">Crna Gora (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Montenegro" title="Special:EditPage/Montenegro">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Montenegro%22">"Montenegro"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Montenegro%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Montenegro%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Montenegro%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Montenegro%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Montenegro%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 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.infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Montenegro</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Montenegrin-language text"><span lang="cnr"><span title="Montenegrin-language text"><i lang="cnr">Crna Gora</i></span>, <span title="Montenegrin-language text"><span lang="cnr"><br />Црна Гора</span></span></span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a>)</span><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:84%;"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><span style="font-size:1.0 em;">4 languages in official use<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox" style="font-size:80%;font-weight:normal;"><tbody><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr">Црна Гора,<br />Crna Gora</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Bosnian-language text"><i lang="bs">Crna Gora</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Albanian-language text"><i lang="sq">Mali i Zi</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr">Crna Gora</i></span></td></tr></tbody></table> </li></ul> </div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Montenegro.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Montenegro"><img alt="Flag of Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/125px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/188px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/250px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Montenegro" title="Flag of Montenegro">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Montenegro"><img alt="Coat of arms of Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="622" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro" title="Coat of arms of Montenegro"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <br /><span title="Montenegrin-language text"><i lang="cnr"><a href="/wiki/Oj,_svijetla_majska_zoro" title="Oj, svijetla majska zoro">Oj, svijetla majska zoro</a></i></span><br />(English: <span lang="en">"Oh, Bright Dawn of May"</span>)<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="126" data-mwtitle="National_Anthem_of_Montenegro.ogg" 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Montenegro.ogg&lang=hr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hr" label="hrvatski ‪(hr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Montenegro.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Montenegro.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Montenegro.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Montenegro.ogg&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Montenegro.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Montenegro.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Montenegro.ogg&lang=sh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sh" label="srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски ‪(sh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Montenegro.ogg&lang=sr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr" label="српски / srpski ‪(sr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Montenegro.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Montenegro.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Montenegro.ogg&lang=zh-hk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文（香港） ‪(zh-hk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Montenegro.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Montenegro.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe-Montenegro.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Montenegro (green) in Europe (dark grey)  –  [Legend]"><img alt="Location of Montenegro (green) in Europe (dark grey)  –  [Legend]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Europe-Montenegro.svg/250px-Europe-Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Europe-Montenegro.svg/375px-Europe-Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Europe-Montenegro.svg/500px-Europe-Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2182" data-file-height="1834" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.15em;">Location of Montenegro (green)<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:1.15em;">in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (dark grey)  –  [<a href="/wiki/File:Europe-Montenegro.svg" title="File:Europe-Montenegro.svg">Legend</a>]</p></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Montenegro&params=42_47_N_19_28_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°47′N</span> <span class="longitude">19°28′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.783°N 19.467°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.783; 19.467</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages in official use<sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_of_Montenegro_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution_of_Montenegro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-Monstat_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monstat-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>41.1% <a href="/wiki/Montenegrins" title="Montenegrins">Montenegrins</a></li><li>32.9% <a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Montenegro" title="Serbs of Montenegro">Serbs</a></li><li>9.4% <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks_of_Montenegro" title="Bosniaks of Montenegro">Bosniaks</a></li><li>5.0% <a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Montenegro" title="Albanians in Montenegro">Albanians</a></li><li>2.0% <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a></li><li>9.6% <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Montenegro" title="Demographics of Montenegro">others</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-Monstat_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monstat-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>74.9% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li>71.1% <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Montenegro" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Montenegro">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li>3.2% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Montenegro" title="Catholic Church in Montenegro">Catholicism</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">0.6% other <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">Christian</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></li><li style="white-space;">19.9% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Montenegro" title="Islam in Montenegro">Islam</a></li><li style="white-space;">2.7% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Montenegro" title="Irreligion in Montenegro">no religion</a></li><li style="white-space;">0.3% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Montenegro" title="Religion in Montenegro">other</a></li><li style="white-space;">2.2% not stated</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Montenegrins" title="Montenegrins">Montenegrin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Montenegro" title="Politics of Montenegro">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_parliamentary_republic" title="Unitary parliamentary republic">Unitary parliamentary republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Montenegro" title="President of Montenegro">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jakov_Milatovi%C4%87" title="Jakov Milatović">Jakov Milatović</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87" title="Milojko Spajić">Milojko Spajić</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Parliament_of_Montenegro" title="President of the Parliament of Montenegro">President of the Parliament</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrija_Mandi%C4%87" title="Andrija Mandić">Andrija Mandić</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Montenegro" title="Parliament of Montenegro">Parliament</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montenegro" title="History of Montenegro">Establishment history</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">10th century</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Zeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Zeta">Zeta</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1356</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Montenegro" title="Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro">Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1516</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Montenegro" title="Principality of Montenegro">Principality of Montenegro</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">13 March 1852</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Treaty of Berlin</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">13 July 1878</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Kingdom of Montenegro</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">28 August 1910</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">26 November 1918</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/SFR_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="SFR Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">29 November 1945</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">27 April 1992</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_independence_referendum,_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006">Independence referendum</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">21 May 2006</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Montenegro" title="Geography of Montenegro">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">13,883<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (5,360 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">156th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3.1</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Montenegro" title="Demographics of Montenegro">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2023 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Neutral increase"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /></span></span> 623,633<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">164th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">43.6/km<sup>2</sup> (112.9/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">177th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $17.431 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.ME_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.ME-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">149th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $28,002<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.ME_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.ME-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">63rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $7.058 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.ME_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.ME-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">153rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $11,338<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.ME_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.ME-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">73rd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2023)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Positive decrease"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 29.4<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:forestgreen">low inequality</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.844<sup id="cite_ref-UNHDR_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">very high</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">50th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E2%82%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="€">€</a>)<sup>a</sup> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+1</span> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+2</span> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Montenegro" title="Telephone numbers in Montenegro">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B382" class="mw-redirect" title="+382">+382</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:ME" title="ISO 3166-2:ME">ME</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.me" title=".me">.me</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn"><ol class="ib-country-fn-alpha"> <li value="1"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro_and_the_euro" title="Montenegro and the euro">Adopted unilaterally</a>; Montenegro is not a member of the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a>.</li> </ol></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Montenegro</b> is a country in <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern Europe">Southeastern Europe</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan Peninsula">Balkan Peninsula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its 25 <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Montenegro" title="Municipalities of Montenegro">municipalities</a> have a total population of 633,158 people in an area of 13,883 km<sup>2</sup> (5,360 sq mi). It is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> to the southeast, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> to the west, and has a coastline along the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a> to the southwest.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopaedia_Britannica_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopaedia_Britannica-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The capital and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Cetinje" title="Cetinje">Cetinje</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Old_Royal_Capital_Cetinje" title="Old Royal Capital Cetinje">Old Royal Capital</a> and cultural centre. </p><p>Before the arrival of the Slav peoples in the Balkans in the 6th and 7th centuries CE, the area now known as Montenegro was inhabited principally by people known as <a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Early_Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Medieval">Early Medieval</a> period, three principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro: <a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a>, roughly corresponding to the southern half; <a href="/wiki/Travunia" title="Travunia">Travunia</a>, the west; and <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Rascia</a> proper, the north.<sup id="cite_ref-Luscombe_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luscombe-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sedlar_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sedlar-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Zeta_under_the_Bal%C5%A1i%C4%87i" title="Zeta under the Balšići">Principality of Zeta</a> emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries. From the late 14th century to the late 18th century, large parts of southern Montenegro were ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Republic">Venetian Republic</a> and incorporated into <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Albania" title="Venetian Albania">Venetian Albania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name <i>Montenegro</i> was first used to refer to the country in the late 15th century. After falling under <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> rule, Montenegro gained semi-autonomy in 1696 under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Petrović-Njegoš">House of Petrović-Njegoš</a>, first as a <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Montenegro" title="Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro">theocracy</a> and later as a secular <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Montenegro" title="Principality of Montenegro">principality</a>. Montenegro's independence was recognised by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Powers">Great Powers</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a> in 1878. </p><p>In 1910, the country became a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">kingdom</a>. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the kingdom became part of <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">breakup of Yugoslavia</a>, the republics of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbia_(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)">Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Montenegro_(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Montenegro (1992–2006)">Montenegro</a> together proclaimed a <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">federation</a>. In June 2006 Montenegro declared its independence from <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a> following an <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_independence_referendum,_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006">independence referendum</a>, creating Montenegro and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> as they exist today.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Montenegro has an <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Montenegro" title="Economy of Montenegro">upper-middle-income economy</a>, mostly <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">service-based</a>, and is in <a href="/wiki/Transition_economy" title="Transition economy">late transition</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Heritage_Foundation_2021_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Heritage_Foundation_2021-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Central_European_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Central European Free Trade Agreement">Central European Free Trade Agreement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mvp.gov.me_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mvp.gov.me-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Montenegro is also a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-European_Western_Balkans_2020_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-European_Western_Balkans_2020-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been in the process of <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">joining the European Union</a> since 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-European_Neighbourhood_Policy_And_Enlargement_Negotiations_-_European_Commission_2016_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-European_Neighbourhood_Policy_And_Enlargement_Negotiations_-_European_Commission_2016-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>Montenegro's (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0b\/En-us-Montenegro.ogg\/En-us-Montenegro.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Montenegro.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/En-us-Montenegro.ogg/En-us-Montenegro.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Montenegro.ogg" title="File:En-us-Montenegro.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">MON</span>-tin-<span style="font-size:90%">E(E)G</span>-roh, -⁠<span style="font-size:90%">AY</span>-groh</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a>: <i lang="cnr">Crna Gora</i><sup id="cite_ref-native_name_2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-native_name_2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> / <span title="Montenegrin-language text"><span lang="cnr">Црна Гора</span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-native_name_3_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-native_name_3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">Mali i Zi</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-Vlada_Crne_Gore_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vlada_Crne_Gore-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Влада_Црне_Горе_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Влада_Црне_Горе-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English name derives from a <a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian</a> <a href="/wiki/Calque" title="Calque">calque</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a> phrase "<i>Crna Gora</i>", meaning literally "Black Mountain", deriving from the appearance of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lov%C4%87en" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Lovćen">Mount Lovćen</a> which was covered in dense evergreen forests.<sup id="cite_ref-visit-montenegro_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visit-montenegro-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Crna Gora</i> was mentioned for the first time in <a href="/wiki/Edict" title="Edict">edicts</a> issued by <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Uro%C5%A1_I" title="Stefan Uroš I">Stefan Uroš I</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Orthodox">Serbian Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Zeta_(crown_land)" title="Zeta (crown land)">Zeta</a> <a href="/wiki/Episcopate" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopate">Episcopate</a> seat at <a href="/wiki/Vranjina_island" class="mw-redirect" title="Vranjina island">Vranjina island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Skadar" title="Lake Skadar">Lake Skadar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It came to denote the majority of contemporary Montenegro in the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Fine532_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fine532-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Byzantine_Empire_1045_2000px_svg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Map_Byzantine_Empire_1045_2000px_svg.png/220px-Map_Byzantine_Empire_1045_2000px_svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Map_Byzantine_Empire_1045_2000px_svg.png/330px-Map_Byzantine_Empire_1045_2000px_svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Map_Byzantine_Empire_1045_2000px_svg.png/440px-Map_Byzantine_Empire_1045_2000px_svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1385" /></a><figcaption>Duklja in the 11th century</figcaption></figure> <p>Modern-day Montenegro was more and more known by that name in the historical period following the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Serbian Despotate</a> in 1459.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally, it had referred to only a small strip of land under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%A1trovi%C4%87i" title="Paštrovići">Paštrovići</a> tribe, but the name eventually came to be used for the wider mountainous region after the <a href="/wiki/Crnojevi%C4%87_noble_family" title="Crnojević noble family">Crnojević noble family</a> took power in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Zeta" title="Upper Zeta">Upper Zeta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fine532_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fine532-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aforementioned region became known as <i>Stara Crna Gora</i> '<a href="/wiki/Old_Montenegro" title="Old Montenegro">Old Montenegro</a>' by the 19th century to distinguish the independent region from the neighbouring Ottoman-occupied Montenegrin territory of <i>Brda</i> (the "Highlands"). Montenegro further increased its size several times by the 20th century, as the result of wars against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, which saw the annexation of <a href="/wiki/Old_Herzegovina" title="Old Herzegovina">Old Herzegovina</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Metohija" title="Metohija">Metohija</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka_(region)" title="Raška (region)">Raška</a>. Its borders have changed little since then, losing <a href="/wiki/Metohija" title="Metohija">Metohija</a> and gaining the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kotor" title="Bay of Kotor">Bay of Kotor</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the second session of the <a href="/wiki/AVNOJ" class="mw-redirect" title="AVNOJ">AVNOJ</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II in Yugoslavia</a>, the contemporary modern state of Montenegro was founded as the <i>Federal State of Montenegro</i> (<a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a>: Савезна држава Црне Горе / <i>Savezna država Crne Gore</i>) on 15 November 1943 within the Yugoslav Federation by the <a href="/wiki/ZAVNOCGB" class="mw-redirect" title="ZAVNOCGB">ZAVNOCGB</a>. After the war, Montenegro became a republic under its name, the <i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Montenegro">People's Republic of Montenegro</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a>: Народна Република Црна Гора / <i>Narodna Republika Crna Gora</i>) on 29 November 1945. In 1963, it was renamed to the <i><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Montenegro" title="Socialist Republic of Montenegro">Socialist Republic of Montenegro</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a>: Социјалистичка Република Црна Гора / <i>Socijalistička Republika Crna Gora</i>). As the <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">breakup of Yugoslavia</a> occurred, the SRCG was renamed to the <i>Republic of Montenegro</i> (<a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a>: Република Црна Гора / <i>Republika Crna Gora</i>) on 27 April 1992 within the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> by removing the adjective "socialist" from the republic's title. Since 22 October 2007, a year after its independence, the name of the country became simply known as <i>Montenegro</i>. The country is known as <i>Mali i Zi</i> (lit. black mountain) in <a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Montenegro" title="Albanians in Montenegro">Albanian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while it is known as <i>Crna Gora</i> in Montenegrin, Serbian, <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks_of_Montenegro" title="Bosniaks of Montenegro">Bosnian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Croats_of_Montenegro" title="Croats of Montenegro">Croatian</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Montenegro" title="History of Montenegro">History of Montenegro</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">Illyricum (Roman province)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia (Roman province)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Praevalitana" title="Praevalitana">Praevalitana</a></div> <p>Modern-day Montenegro was part of <a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a> and populated by the Indo-European-speaking <a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Boardman629_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boardman629-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_kingdom" title="Illyrian kingdom">Illyrian kingdom</a> was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Illyro-Roman_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Illyro-Roman Wars">Illyro-Roman Wars</a> and the region was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">province of Illyricum</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Praevalitana" title="Praevalitana">Praevalitana</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrival_of_the_Slavs">Arrival of the Slavs</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Zeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Zeta">Principality of Zeta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Montenegro" title="Tribes of Montenegro">Tribes of Montenegro</a></div> <p>Three principalities were located on the territory: <a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a>, roughly corresponding to the southern half, <a href="/wiki/Travunia" title="Travunia">Travunia</a>, the west, and <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Raška</a>, the north.<sup id="cite_ref-Luscombe_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luscombe-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sedlar_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sedlar-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Duklja gained its independence from the Byzantine Roman Empire in 1042. Over the next few decades, it expanded its territory to neighbouring Rascia and Bosnia, and also became recognised as a kingdom. Its power started declining at the beginning of the 12th century. After King Bodin's death (in 1101 or 1108), civil wars ensued. Duklja reached its zenith under Vojislav's son, <a href="/wiki/Mihailo_I_of_Duklja" title="Mihailo I of Duklja">Mihailo</a> (1046–1081), and his grandson <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Bodin" title="Constantine Bodin">Constantine Bodin</a> (1081–1101).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cytadela_w_obr%C4%99bie_mur%C3%B3w_miejskich_w_Kotorze_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cytadela_w_obr%C4%99bie_mur%C3%B3w_miejskich_w_Kotorze_02.jpg/220px-Cytadela_w_obr%C4%99bie_mur%C3%B3w_miejskich_w_Kotorze_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cytadela_w_obr%C4%99bie_mur%C3%B3w_miejskich_w_Kotorze_02.jpg/330px-Cytadela_w_obr%C4%99bie_mur%C3%B3w_miejskich_w_Kotorze_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cytadela_w_obr%C4%99bie_mur%C3%B3w_miejskich_w_Kotorze_02.jpg/440px-Cytadela_w_obr%C4%99bie_mur%C3%B3w_miejskich_w_Kotorze_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3434" data-file-height="2289" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Kotor" title="Fortifications of Kotor">Fortifications of Kotor</a>. Built between the 9th and 19th centuries, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>As the nobility fought for the throne, the kingdom was weakened, and by 1186, the territory of modern-day Montenegro became part of the state ruled by <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Nemanja" title="Stefan Nemanja">Stefan Nemanja</a> and was a part of various state formations ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Nemanji%C4%87_dynasty" title="Nemanjić dynasty">Nemanjić dynasty</a> for the next two centuries. After the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Serbian Empire</a> collapsed in the second half of the 14th century, the most powerful Zetan family, the <a href="/wiki/Bal%C5%A1i%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Balšić">Balšićs</a>, became sovereigns of Zeta.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>By the 13th century, <i>Zeta</i> had replaced <i>Duklja</i> when referring to the realm. In the late 14th century, southern Montenegro (<a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Zeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Lordship of Zeta">Zeta</a>) came under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Bal%C5%A1i%C4%87_noble_family" title="Balšić noble family">Balšić noble family</a>, then the <a href="/wiki/Crnojevi%C4%87_noble_family" title="Crnojević noble family">Crnojević noble family</a>, and by the 15th century, Zeta was more often referred to as <i>Crna Gora</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1421, Zeta was annexed to the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Serbian Despotate</a>, but after 1455, another noble family from Zeta, the <a href="/wiki/Crnojevi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Crnojević">Crnojevićs</a>, became sovereign rulers of the country, making it the last free monarchy of the Balkans before it fell to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a> in 1496, and got annexed to the <i><a href="/wiki/Sanjak" title="Sanjak">sanjak</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Shkodër</a>. For a short time, Montenegro existed as a separate autonomous <i>sanjak</i> in 1514–1528 (<a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Montenegro" title="Sanjak of Montenegro">Sanjak of Montenegro</a>). Also, <a href="/wiki/Old_Herzegovina" title="Old Herzegovina">Old Herzegovina</a> region was part of <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Herzegovina" title="Sanjak of Herzegovina">Sanjak of Herzegovina</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_period">Early modern period</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Montenegro" title="Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro">Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Albania" title="Venetian Albania">Venetian Albania</a></div> <p>From 1392, numerous parts of the territory were controlled by <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a>, including the city of <a href="/wiki/Budva" title="Budva">Budva</a>, in that time known as "Budua". The Venetian territory was centred on the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kotor" title="Bay of Kotor">Bay of Kotor</a>, and the Republic introduced governors who meddled in Montenegrin politics. Venice controlled territories in present-day Montenegro until <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Fall of the Republic of Venice">its fall</a> in 1797.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large portions fell under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> from 1496 to 1878. In the 16th century, Montenegro developed a unique form of autonomy within the Ottoman Empire that permitted Montenegrin clans freedom from certain restrictions. Nevertheless, the Montenegrins were disgruntled with Ottoman rule, and in the 17th century, repeatedly rebelled, which culminated in the defeat of the Ottomans in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Turkish_War" title="Great Turkish War">Great Turkish War</a> at the end of that century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:293px;max-width:293px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petar_I_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_XIX._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Petar_I_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_XIX._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg/150px-Petar_I_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_XIX._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Petar_I_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_XIX._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg/225px-Petar_I_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_XIX._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Petar_I_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_XIX._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg/300px-Petar_I_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1_%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8_XIX._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1248" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petar_II_Petrovic-2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Petar_II_Petrovic-2.JPG/135px-Petar_II_Petrovic-2.JPG" decoding="async" width="135" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Petar_II_Petrovic-2.JPG/203px-Petar_II_Petrovic-2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Petar_II_Petrovic-2.JPG/270px-Petar_II_Petrovic-2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="741" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Left:</b> <a href="/wiki/Petar_I_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" title="Petar I Petrović-Njegoš">Petar I Petrović-Njegoš</a> was the most popular spiritual and military leader from the <a href="/wiki/Petrovi%C4%87_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrović dynasty">Petrović dynasty</a>. <br /><b>Right:</b> <a href="/wiki/Petar_II_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" title="Petar II Petrović-Njegoš">Petar II Petrović-Njegoš</a> was a <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Montenegro">Prince-Bishop</a> (<i>vladika</i>) of Montenegro and the national poet and philosopher. Oil painting of Njegoš as <i>vladika</i>, c. 1837</div></div></div></div> <p>Montenegrin territories were controlled by warlike clans. Most clans had a chieftain (<i>knez</i>), who was not permitted to assume the title unless he proved to be as worthy a leader as his predecessor. An assembly of Montenegrin clans (<i>Zbor</i>) was held every year on 12 July in Cetinje, and any adult clansman could take part.<sup id="cite_ref-Visit_Montenegro_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Visit_Montenegro-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1515, Montenegro became a <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocracy</a> led by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitanate_of_Montenegro_and_the_Littoral" title="Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral">Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral</a>, which flourished after the <a href="/wiki/Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrović-Njegoš">Petrović-Njegoš</a> of Cetinje became the prince-bishop (whose title was "Vladika of Montenegro").<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>People from Montenegro in this historical period were described as Orthodox Serbs.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Principality_and_Kingdom_of_Montenegro">Principality and Kingdom of Montenegro</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Montenegro" title="Principality of Montenegro">Principality of Montenegro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Kingdom of Montenegro</a></div> <p>In 1858, one of the major Montenegrin victories over the Ottomans occurred at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grahovac" title="Battle of Grahovac">Battle of Grahovac</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mirko_Petrovi%C4%87_Njego%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirko Petrović Njegoš">Grand Duke Mirko Petrović</a>, elder brother of <a href="/wiki/Knjaz_Danilo" class="mw-redirect" title="Knjaz Danilo">Knjaz Danilo</a>, led an army of 7,500 and defeated the numerically superior Ottomans with 15,000 troops at <a href="/wiki/Grahovac,_Montenegro" title="Grahovac, Montenegro">Grahovac</a> on 1 May 1858. This forced the <a href="/wiki/Great_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Powers">Great Powers</a> to officially demarcate the borders between Montenegro and Ottoman Empire, <i>de facto</i> recognizing Montenegro's independence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do,_Orao,_1877.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do%2C_Orao%2C_1877.jpg/200px-Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do%2C_Orao%2C_1877.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do%2C_Orao%2C_1877.jpg/300px-Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do%2C_Orao%2C_1877.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do%2C_Orao%2C_1877.jpg/400px-Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do%2C_Orao%2C_1877.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do" title="Battle of Vučji Do">Battle of Vučji Do</a>, 1876, major battle of the <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1876%E2%80%931878)" title="Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878)">Montenegrin-Ottoman War</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kralj_i_kraljica_u_krugu_sire_familije.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Kralj_i_kraljica_u_krugu_sire_familije.jpg/200px-Kralj_i_kraljica_u_krugu_sire_familije.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Kralj_i_kraljica_u_krugu_sire_familije.jpg/300px-Kralj_i_kraljica_u_krugu_sire_familije.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Kralj_i_kraljica_u_krugu_sire_familije.jpg/400px-Kralj_i_kraljica_u_krugu_sire_familije.jpg 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="638" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1_dynasty" title="Petrović-Njegoš dynasty">Royal family of Montenegro</a>: King <a href="/wiki/Nikola_I_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš">Nicholas I</a> with his family. The <a href="/wiki/Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1_dynasty" title="Petrović-Njegoš dynasty">Petrović-Njegoš dynasty</a> ruled Montenegro continuously for almost 200 years.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vu%C4%8Dji_Do" title="Battle of Vučji Do">Battle of Vučji Do</a> Montenegrins inflicted a major defeat on the Ottoman Army under Grand Vizier <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Muhtar_Pasha" title="Ahmed Muhtar Pasha">Ahmed Muhtar Pasha</a>. In the aftermath of the Russian victory against the Ottoman Empire in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_of_1877%E2%80%931878" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878">Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Great_powers_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Great powers of Europe">major powers</a> restructured the map of the Balkan region. The Ottoman Empire recognised the independence of Montenegro in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Treaty of Berlin</a> in 1878.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Montenegrin constitution (also known as the Danilo Code) was proclaimed in 1855. Under <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Montenegro" title="Nicholas I of Montenegro">Nicholas I</a> (ruled 1860–1918), the <a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">principality</a> was enlarged several times in the Montenegro-Turkish Wars and was recognised as independent in 1878. Nicholas I established diplomatic relations with the Ottoman Empire.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Minor border skirmishes excepted, diplomacy ushered in about 30 years of peace between the two states until the deposition of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a> in 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-ttk.gov.tr_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ttk.gov.tr-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crna_Gora_-_Oslobodjenje_od_strane_okupacije_1711-1918.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Crna_Gora_-_Oslobodjenje_od_strane_okupacije_1711-1918.png/220px-Crna_Gora_-_Oslobodjenje_od_strane_okupacije_1711-1918.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Crna_Gora_-_Oslobodjenje_od_strane_okupacije_1711-1918.png/330px-Crna_Gora_-_Oslobodjenje_od_strane_okupacije_1711-1918.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Crna_Gora_-_Oslobodjenje_od_strane_okupacije_1711-1918.png/440px-Crna_Gora_-_Oslobodjenje_od_strane_okupacije_1711-1918.png 2x" data-file-width="1903" data-file-height="2506" /></a><figcaption>Expansion of Montenegro from 1711 to 1918 within present borders</figcaption></figure> <p>The political skills of Abdul Hamid II and Nicholas I played a major role in the mutually amicable relations.<sup id="cite_ref-ttk.gov.tr_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ttk.gov.tr-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modernization of the state followed, culminating with the draft of a Constitution in 1905. However, political rifts emerged between the reigning <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Montenegro,_1906)" title="People's Party (Montenegro, 1906)">People's Party</a>, who supported the process of democratisation and union with Serbia, and those of the <a href="/wiki/True_People%27s_Party" title="True People's Party">True People's Party</a>, who were monarchist.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1910, Montenegro became <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">a kingdom</a>, and as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> of 1912–1913, a common border with Serbia was established, with <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Shkodër</a> being awarded to <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, though the current capital city of Montenegro, Podgorica, was on the old border of Albania and Yugoslavia. Montenegro became one of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied Powers</a> during World War I (1914–1918). In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mojkovac" title="Battle of Mojkovac">Battle of Mojkovac</a> fought in January 1916 between <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> and the Kingdom of Montenegro, Montenegrins achieved a decisive victory even though they were outnumbered five to one. The Austro-Hungarians accepted military surrender on 25 January 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopeWhealRobbins2003431_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopeWhealRobbins2003431-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1916 to October 1918 Austria-Hungary occupied Montenegro. During the occupation, King Nicholas fled the country and established a <a href="/wiki/Government-in-exile" title="Government-in-exile">government-in-exile</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_Zeta_Banovina_in_Yugoslavia_1929-1939.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Locator_map_Zeta_Banovina_in_Yugoslavia_1929-1939.svg/220px-Locator_map_Zeta_Banovina_in_Yugoslavia_1929-1939.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Locator_map_Zeta_Banovina_in_Yugoslavia_1929-1939.svg/330px-Locator_map_Zeta_Banovina_in_Yugoslavia_1929-1939.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Locator_map_Zeta_Banovina_in_Yugoslavia_1929-1939.svg/440px-Locator_map_Zeta_Banovina_in_Yugoslavia_1929-1939.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="1057" /></a><figcaption>Locator map of <a href="/wiki/Zeta_Banovina" title="Zeta Banovina">Zeta Banovina</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1922, Montenegro formally became the <a href="/wiki/Zeta_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeta Oblast">Oblast of Cetinje</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbs,_Croats_and_Slovenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes">Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes</a>, with the addition of the coastal areas around <a href="/wiki/Budva" title="Budva">Budva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kotor" title="Bay of Kotor">Bay of Kotor</a>. In a further restructuring in 1929, it became a part of a larger <a href="/wiki/Zeta_Banate" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeta Banate">Zeta Banate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> that reached the <a href="/wiki/Neretva" title="Neretva">Neretva</a> River.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Nicholas's grandson, the Serb King <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Yugoslavia" title="Alexander I of Yugoslavia">Alexander I</a>, dominated the Yugoslav government. <a href="/wiki/Zeta_Banovina" title="Zeta Banovina">Zeta Banovina</a> was one of nine banovinas that formed the kingdom; it consisted of the present-day Montenegro and parts of Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II_and_Socialist_Yugoslavia">World War II and Socialist Yugoslavia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Italian_governorate_of_Montenegro" title="Italian governorate of Montenegro">Italian governorate of Montenegro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Montenegro" title="Socialist Republic of Montenegro">Socialist Republic of Montenegro</a></div> <p>In April 1941, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a>, and other Axis allies attacked and occupied the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Italian forces occupied Montenegro and established a puppet <a href="/wiki/Italian_governorate_of_Montenegro" title="Italian governorate of Montenegro">Kingdom of Montenegro</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-185-0116-27A,_Bucht_von_Kotor_(-),_jugoslawische_Schiffe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-185-0116-27A%2C_Bucht_von_Kotor_%28-%29%2C_jugoslawische_Schiffe.jpg/200px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-185-0116-27A%2C_Bucht_von_Kotor_%28-%29%2C_jugoslawische_Schiffe.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-185-0116-27A%2C_Bucht_von_Kotor_%28-%29%2C_jugoslawische_Schiffe.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-185-0116-27A%2C_Bucht_von_Kotor_%28-%29%2C_jugoslawische_Schiffe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-185-0116-27A%2C_Bucht_von_Kotor_%28-%29%2C_jugoslawische_Schiffe.jpg/400px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-185-0116-27A%2C_Bucht_von_Kotor_%28-%29%2C_jugoslawische_Schiffe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="513" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-centar">Captured ships of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Navy" title="Royal Yugoslav Navy">Yugoslav Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kotor" title="Bay of Kotor">Bay of Kotor</a> 1941</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Osnivanje_Osme_crnogorske_brigade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Osnivanje_Osme_crnogorske_brigade.jpg/200px-Osnivanje_Osme_crnogorske_brigade.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Osnivanje_Osme_crnogorske_brigade.jpg/300px-Osnivanje_Osme_crnogorske_brigade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Osnivanje_Osme_crnogorske_brigade.jpg/400px-Osnivanje_Osme_crnogorske_brigade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1480" data-file-height="1364" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-centar">Great People's Assembly on the occasion of the establishment of the Eighth Montenegrin Brigade in <a href="/wiki/Berane" title="Berane">Berane</a>, 25 February 1944.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C5%BDCG_461_039_with_IC_Beograd_-_Bar_at_Lutovo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%C5%BDCG_461_039_with_IC_Beograd_-_Bar_at_Lutovo.jpg/200px-%C5%BDCG_461_039_with_IC_Beograd_-_Bar_at_Lutovo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%C5%BDCG_461_039_with_IC_Beograd_-_Bar_at_Lutovo.jpg/300px-%C5%BDCG_461_039_with_IC_Beograd_-_Bar_at_Lutovo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%C5%BDCG_461_039_with_IC_Beograd_-_Bar_at_Lutovo.jpg/400px-%C5%BDCG_461_039_with_IC_Beograd_-_Bar_at_Lutovo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4771" data-file-height="2945" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-centar">Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Belgrade%E2%80%93Bar_railway" title="Belgrade–Bar railway">Belgrade–Bar railway</a> started in the 1950s and was completed in 1976. The line was opened in 1976 by the Yugoslavian President <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In May, the Montenegrin branch of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia started preparations for an uprising planned for mid-July. The Communist Party and its Youth League organised 6,000 of its members into detachments prepared for <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a>. According to some historians, the first armed uprising in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi</a>-occupied Europe happened on 13 July 1941 in Montenegro.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unexpectedly, the uprising took hold, and by 20 July, 32,000 men and women had joined the fight. Except for the coast and major towns (Podgorica, Cetinje, Pljevlja, and Nikšić), which were besieged, Montenegro was mostly liberated. In a month of fighting, the Italian army suffered 5,000 dead, wounded, and captured. The uprising lasted until mid-August, when it was suppressed by a counter-offensive of 67,000 Italian troops brought in from Albania. Faced with new and overwhelming Italian forces, many of the fighters laid down their arms and returned home. Nevertheless, intense guerrilla fighting lasted until December. </p><p>Fighters who remained under arms fractured into two groups. Most of them went on to join the Yugoslav Partisans, consisting of communists and those inclined towards active resistance; these included <a href="/wiki/Arso_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Arso Jovanović">Arso Jovanović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sava_Kova%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Sava Kovačević">Sava Kovačević</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svetozar_Vukmanovi%C4%87-Tempo" class="mw-redirect" title="Svetozar Vukmanović-Tempo">Svetozar Vukmanović-Tempo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milovan_%C4%90ilas" class="mw-redirect" title="Milovan Đilas">Milovan Đilas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peko_Dap%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Peko Dapčević">Peko Dapčević</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vlado_Dap%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Vlado Dapčević">Vlado Dapčević</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veljko_Vlahovi%C4%87" title="Veljko Vlahović">Veljko Vlahović</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bla%C5%BEo_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Blažo Jovanović">Blažo Jovanović</a>. Those loyal to the <a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evi%C4%87_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Karađorđević dynasty">Karađorđević dynasty</a> and opposing communism went on to become <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a>, and turned to collaboration with Italians against the Partisans. </p><p>War broke out between Partisans and Chetniks during the first half of 1942. Pressured by Italians and Chetniks, the core of the Montenegrin Partisans went to Serbia and Bosnia, where they joined with other Yugoslav Partisans. Fighting between Partisans and Chetniks continued through the war. Chetniks with Italian backing controlled most of the country from mid-1942 to April 1943. Montenegrin Chetniks received the status of "anti-communist militia" and received weapons, ammunition, food rations, and money from Italy. Most of them were moved to <a href="/wiki/Mostar" title="Mostar">Mostar</a>, where they fought in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neretva" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Neretva">Battle of Neretva</a> against the Partisans, but were dealt a heavy defeat. </p><p>During German operation Schwartz against the Partisans in May and June 1943, Germans disarmed many Chetniks without fighting, as they feared they would turn against them in case of an Allied invasion of the Balkans. After the capitulation of Italy in September 1943, Partisans managed to take hold of most of Montenegro for a brief time, but Montenegro was soon <a href="/wiki/German_occupied_territory_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupied territory of Montenegro">occupied by German forces</a>, and fierce fighting continued during late 1943 and 1944. Montenegro was liberated by the Partisans in December 1944. </p><p>Montenegro became one of the six constituent republics of the communist <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (SFRY). Its capital became Podgorica, renamed <a href="/wiki/Titograd" class="mw-redirect" title="Titograd">Titograd</a> in honour of President <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a>. After the war, the infrastructure of Yugoslavia was rebuilt, industrialization began, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Montenegro" title="University of Montenegro">University of Montenegro</a> was established. Greater autonomy was established until the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Montenegro" title="Socialist Republic of Montenegro">Socialist Republic of Montenegro</a> ratified a new constitution in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts_1978_pp._136–146_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts_1978_pp._136–146-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Montenegro_within_FR_Yugoslavia">Montenegro within FR Yugoslavia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Montenegro_(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Montenegro (1992–2006)">Republic of Montenegro (1992–2006)</a></div> <p>After the formal dissolution of the SFRY in 1992, Montenegro remained part of a smaller <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> along with Serbia. In the <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_independence_referendum,_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegrin independence referendum, 1992">referendum on remaining in Yugoslavia in 1992</a>, 96% of the votes cast were in favour of the federation with Serbia. The referendum was boycotted by opposition parties such as the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Alliance_of_Montenegro" title="Liberal Alliance of Montenegro">Liberal Alliance of Montenegro</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Montenegro" title="Social Democratic Party of Montenegro">Social Democratic</a> and Socialist Parties,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as minority parties such as the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_League_in_Montenegro" title="Democratic League in Montenegro">Democratic League in Montenegro</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to a relatively low turnout of 66%.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Yugoslavia_durning_war.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Former_Yugoslavia_durning_war.svg/310px-Former_Yugoslavia_durning_war.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Former_Yugoslavia_durning_war.svg/465px-Former_Yugoslavia_durning_war.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Former_Yugoslavia_durning_war.svg/620px-Former_Yugoslavia_durning_war.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1832" data-file-height="1142" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">disintegration of Yugoslavia</a> until 2008.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 1991–1995 <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian War">Croatian War</a>, Montenegrin police and military forces, under orders of president Momir Bulatovic<sup id="cite_ref-MD_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MD-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Pavle_Bulatovic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavle Bulatovic">Pavle Bulatovic</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> joined Serbian troops in attacks on <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a>, Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These operations, aimed at acquiring more territory, were characterised by large-scale violations of human rights.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Montenegrin General <a href="/wiki/Pavle_Strugar" title="Pavle Strugar">Pavle Strugar</a> was convicted for his part in the bombing of Dubrovnik.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bosnian refugees were arrested by Montenegrin police and transported to Serb camps in <a href="/wiki/Fo%C4%8Da_ethnic_cleansing" title="Foča ethnic cleansing">Foča</a>, where they were subjected to systematic torture and executed.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, <a href="/wiki/Milo_%C4%90ukanovi%C4%87" title="Milo Đukanović">Milo Đukanović</a>'s government severed ties between Montenegro and its partner Serbia, which was led by <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a>. Montenegro formed its own <a href="/wiki/Economic_policy" title="Economic policy">economic policy</a> and adopted the German <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">Deutsche Mark</a> as its currency and subsequently <a href="/wiki/Montenegro_and_the_euro" title="Montenegro and the euro">adopted the euro</a>, although not part of the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a>. Subsequent governments pursued pro-independence policies, and political tensions with Serbia simmered despite political changes in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>. </p><p>Targets in Montenegro were bombed by NATO forces during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Allied_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Allied Force">Operation Allied Force</a> in 1999, although the extent of these attacks was limited in both time and area affected.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, Serbia and Montenegro came to a new agreement for continued cooperation and entered into negotiations regarding the future status of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a>. This resulted in the Belgrade Agreement, which saw the country's transformation into a more decentralised state union named <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a> in 2003. The Belgrade Agreement also contained a provision delaying any future referendum on the independence of Montenegro for at least three years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence">Independence</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_independence_referendum,_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006">Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2016_Montenegrin_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt_allegations" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Montenegrin coup d'état attempt allegations">2016 Montenegrin coup d'état attempt allegations</a> and <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Montenegrin_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Montenegrin crisis">2019–20 Montenegrin crisis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Independent_montenegro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Independent_montenegro.jpg/220px-Independent_montenegro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Independent_montenegro.jpg/330px-Independent_montenegro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Independent_montenegro.jpg/440px-Independent_montenegro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Supporters of Montenegrin independence in June 2006 in <a href="/wiki/Cetinje" title="Cetinje">Cetinje</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Under_Secretary_Shannon_Poses_for_a_Photo_With_Montenegro%27s_Prime_Minister_Markovic,_Montenegro%27s_Foreign_Minister_Darmanovic,_and_NATO_Secretary-General_Stoltenberg_at_a_Ceremony_in_Washington_(34734796140).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Under_Secretary_Shannon_Poses_for_a_Photo_With_Montenegro%27s_Prime_Minister_Markovic%2C_Montenegro%27s_Foreign_Minister_Darmanovic%2C_and_NATO_Secretary-General_Stoltenberg_at_a_Ceremony_in_Washington_%2834734796140%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Under_Secretary_Shannon_Poses_for_a_Photo_With_Montenegro%27s_Prime_Minister_Markovic%2C_Montenegro%27s_Foreign_Minister_Darmanovic%2C_and_NATO_Secretary-General_Stoltenberg_at_a_Ceremony_in_Washington_%2834734796140%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Under_Secretary_Shannon_Poses_for_a_Photo_With_Montenegro%27s_Prime_Minister_Markovic%2C_Montenegro%27s_Foreign_Minister_Darmanovic%2C_and_NATO_Secretary-General_Stoltenberg_at_a_Ceremony_in_Washington_%2834734796140%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3789" data-file-height="2706" /></a><figcaption>Montenegro Foreign Minister Srdjan Darmanović presents a document to <a href="/wiki/US" class="mw-redirect" title="US">US</a> Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Shannon_Jr." title="Thomas A. Shannon Jr.">Thomas Shannon</a> and Montenegro Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ko_Markovi%C4%87" title="Duško Marković">Duško Marković</a> during a ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="State Department">State Department</a> to accept Montenegro's instrument of accession to the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> (<a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>), June 5, 2017.</figcaption></figure> <p>The status of the union between Montenegro and Serbia was decided by a <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_independence_referendum,_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006">referendum on Montenegrin independence</a> on 21 May 2006. A total of 419,240 votes were cast, representing 86.5% of the electorate; 230,661 votes (55.5%) were for independence and 185,002 votes (44.5%) were against.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This narrowly surpassed the 55% threshold needed to validate the referendum under the rules set by the European Union. According to the electoral commission, the 55% threshold was passed by only 2,300 votes. Serbia, the member-states of the European Union, and the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">permanent members of the United Nations Security Council</a> all <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition" title="Diplomatic recognition">recognised</a> Montenegro's independence. </p><p>The 2006 referendum was monitored by five international observer missions, headed by an <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a>/<a href="/wiki/ODIHR" class="mw-redirect" title="ODIHR">ODIHR</a> team, and around 3,000 observers in total (including domestic observers from <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Democracy_and_Technology" title="Center for Democracy and Technology">CDT</a> (OSCE PA), the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe (CLRAE), and the European Parliament (EP) to form an International Referendum Observation Mission (IROM). The IROM—in its preliminary report—"assessed compliance of the referendum process with OSCE commitments, Council of Europe commitments, other international standards for democratic electoral processes, and domestic legislation." Furthermore, the report stated that the competitive pre-referendum environment was marked by an active and generally peaceful campaign and that "there were no reports of restrictions on fundamental civil and political rights". </p><p>On 3 June 2006, the Montenegrin Parliament declared the independence of Montenegro,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> formally confirming the result of the referendum. </p><p>On 28 June 2006, Montenegro joined the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> as its 192nd member state.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Montenegro has been dominated since the breakup of Yugoslavia by <a href="/wiki/Milo_%C4%90ukanovi%C4%87" title="Milo Đukanović">Milo Đukanović</a> (four-time prime minister and twice president), accused of having established an <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clientelist" class="mw-redirect" title="Clientelist">clientelist</a> regime, while maintaining close relations with <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The massive privatizations of the Đukanović era lead to the enrichment of him and oligarchs close to him. His brother Aleksandar, owner of Montenegro's first private bank, oversaw the privatizations, while his sister, Ana Kolarevic, has long controlled the judiciary. The clientelist networks of the ruling party dominated all segments of social life. A party card was required to start a business or obtain a position in the administration. This policy also contributed to the reinforcement of regional disparities and social inequalities. Unemployment climbs to 36.6 per cent in the northern part of the country, compared to 3.9 per cent in the coastal region, while a quarter of the population lives below the poverty line (2018).<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Law_on_the_Status_of_the_Descendants_of_the_Petrovi%C4%87_Njego%C5%A1_Dynasty" title="Law on the Status of the Descendants of the Petrović Njegoš Dynasty">Law on the Status of the Descendants of the Petrović Njegoš Dynasty</a> was passed by the Parliament of Montenegro on 12 July 2011. It rehabilitated the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Petrović-Njegoš">Royal House of Montenegro</a> and recognised limited symbolic roles within the constitutional framework of the republic. </p><p>In 2015, the investigative journalists' network <a href="/wiki/OCCRP" class="mw-redirect" title="OCCRP">OCCRP</a> named Montenegro's long-time President and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Milo_%C4%90ukanovi%C4%87" title="Milo Đukanović">Milo Đukanović</a> "Person of the Year in Organized Crime".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The extent of Đukanović's corruption led to street demonstrations and calls for his removal.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2016, for the day of the <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_parliamentary_election,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegrin parliamentary election, 2016">parliamentary election</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegrin coup d'état attempt">coup d'état was prepared</a> by a group of persons that included leaders of the Montenegrin opposition, Serbian nationals and Russian agents; the coup was prevented.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, fourteen people, including two Russian nationals and two Montenegrin opposition leaders, <a href="/wiki/Andrija_Mandi%C4%87" title="Andrija Mandić">Andrija Mandić</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milan_Kne%C5%BEevi%C4%87_(Montenegrin_politician)" title="Milan Knežević (Montenegrin politician)">Milan Knežević</a>, were indicted for their alleged roles in the coup attempt on charges such as "preparing a conspiracy against the constitutional order and the security of Montenegro" and an "attempted terrorist act".<sup id="cite_ref-rferlcoup_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rferlcoup-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3></div> <p>Montenegro formally <a href="/wiki/Montenegro%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Montenegro–NATO relations">became a member</a> of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> in June 2017, despite attempts by Russia to sabotage it,<sup id="cite_ref-murkypolitico_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-murkypolitico-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an event that triggered a promise of retaliatory actions from <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Russia's government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protest_in_Kotor,_Jan_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Protest_in_Kotor%2C_Jan_2020.jpg/220px-Protest_in_Kotor%2C_Jan_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Protest_in_Kotor%2C_Jan_2020.jpg/330px-Protest_in_Kotor%2C_Jan_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Protest_in_Kotor%2C_Jan_2020.jpg/440px-Protest_in_Kotor%2C_Jan_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="969" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>The controversial 2019 <a href="/wiki/2019-2020_clerical_protests_in_Montenegro#Background" class="mw-redirect" title="2019-2020 clerical protests in Montenegro">law on religious communities</a>, introduced by the former ruling <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Socialists_of_Montenegro" title="Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro">DPS</a>, proposed the transfer of the majority of religious objects and land owned by the largest religious organization in the country, the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a>, to the Montenegrin state. It sparked a <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_clerical_protests_in_Montenegro" title="2019–2020 clerical protests in Montenegro">series of massive protests</a>, which led to the first <a href="/wiki/2020_Montenegrin_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Montenegrin parliamentary election">government change</a> in the country's history.</figcaption></figure> <p>Montenegro has been in <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">negotiations</a> with the EU since 2012. In 2018, the earlier goal of acceding by 2022<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was revised to 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legislation is being passed bringing Montenegro law in line with EU membership requirements. </p><p>In April 2018, <a href="/wiki/Milo_Djukanovic" class="mw-redirect" title="Milo Djukanovic">Milo Djukanovic</a>, the leader of the ruling <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Socialists" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party of Socialists">Democratic Party of Socialists</a> (DPS), won Montenegro's <a href="/wiki/2018_Montenegrin_presidential_election" title="2018 Montenegrin presidential election">presidential election</a>. The veteran politician had served as Prime Minister six times and as president once before. He had dominated Montenegrin politics since 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/2019_Montenegrin_anti-corruption_protests" title="2019 Montenegrin anti-corruption protests">Anti-corruption protests</a> began in February 2019 against Đukanović and the Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ko_Markovi%C4%87" title="Duško Marković">Duško Marković</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Montenegro#Marković_Cabinet_(2016-present)" title="Government of Montenegro">government</a> of the ruling <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Socialists" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party of Socialists">Democratic Party of Socialists</a> (DPS), which had been in power since 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of late December 2019,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montenegro&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the newly adopted Law on Religion, which <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> transferred the ownership of church buildings and estates built before 1918 from the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a> to the Montenegrin state,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sparked large<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_clerical_protests_in_Montenegro" title="2019–2020 clerical protests in Montenegro">protests</a> and road blockages.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seventeen opposition <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_(Montenegro)" title="Democratic Front (Montenegro)">Democratic Front</a> MPs were arrested prior to the voting for disrupting the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demonstrations continued into March<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2020 as peaceful protest walks, mostly organised by the Serbian Orthodox Church in the majority of Montenegrin municipalities.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its political rights and civil liberties worldwide report in May 2020, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> marked Montenegro as a <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_regime" title="Hybrid regime">hybrid regime</a> rather than a democracy because of declining standards in governance, justice, elections, and media freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the first time in three decades, in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Montenegrin_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Montenegrin parliamentary election">2020 parliamentary election</a>, the opposition won more votes than Đukanović's ruling party.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2022, that very same government was voted out in the first successful vote of no-confidence in the country's history.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2022 an investigation linked six Russian diplomats with twenty eight Russian citizens holding temporary visas for Montenegro and two local citizens in a spy investigation. The diplomats were expelled.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Russian citizens were later banned from Montenegro and the two locals, one an ex-diplomat, face charges of illegal weapons, organising a criminal organisation and espionage.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2023, <a href="/wiki/Jakov_Milatovic" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakov Milatovic">Jakov Milatovic</a>, a pro-western candidate of the <a href="/wiki/Europe_Now" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Now">Europe Now</a> movement, won the presidential <a href="/wiki/2023_Montenegrin_presidential_election" title="2023 Montenegrin presidential election">election</a> run-off over incumbent Milo Djukanovic to succeed him as the incumbent <a href="/wiki/President_of_Montenegro" title="President of Montenegro">president of Montenegro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Europe_Now" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Now">Europe Now</a> movement won the highest number of seats in the <a href="/wiki/2023_Montenegrin_parliamentary_election" title="2023 Montenegrin parliamentary election">2023 Montenegrin parliamentary election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 October 2023, <a href="/wiki/Milojko_Spajic" class="mw-redirect" title="Milojko Spajic">Milojko Spajic</a> of the Europe Now Movement became Montenegro's new prime minister, leading a coalition of both pro-European and pro-Serb parties.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Montenegro" title="Parliament of Montenegro">Parliament of Montenegro</a> in June 2024 adopted a resolution acknowledging the atrocities committed at the <a href="/wiki/Jasenovac_concentration_camp" title="Jasenovac concentration camp">Jasenovac concentration camp</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This decision, spearheaded by pro-Serbian factions, is viewed as a response to Montenegro's earlier support for a <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> resolution on the <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Srebrenica genocide">Srebrenica genocide</a>. <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> has criticized the move, accusing Montenegro of politicizing historical events and warned that it could harm <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">Montenegro's path to EU membership</a> and bilateral relations between <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and Montenegro. The resolution has led to increased diplomatic tensions between the two nations.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Montenegro" title="Geography of Montenegro">Geography of Montenegro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montenegro_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Montenegro_Map.png/220px-Montenegro_Map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Montenegro_Map.png/330px-Montenegro_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Montenegro_Map.png/440px-Montenegro_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="2427" data-file-height="1807" /></a><figcaption>Map of Montenegro</figcaption></figure> <p>Montenegro features high peaks along its borders with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Serbia. Its geography also includes a segment of the <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst</a> of the western Balkan Peninsula, to a narrow coastal plain that is only 1.5 to 6 kilometres (1 to 4 miles) wide. The plain stops abruptly in the north, where <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lov%C4%87en" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Lovćen">Mount Lovćen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Orjen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Orjen">Mount Orjen</a> plunge into the inlet of the Bay of Kotor.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Natural_Adventure_2023_x643_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Natural_Adventure_2023_x643-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Montenegro's large karst region lies generally at elevations of 1,000 metres (3,280 ft) above sea level; some parts, however, rise to 2,000 m (6,560 ft), such as <a href="/wiki/Mount_Orjen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Orjen">Mount Orjen</a> 1,894 metres (6,210 ft), the highest massif among the coastal limestone ranges. The <a href="/wiki/Zeta_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeta River">Zeta River</a> valley, at an elevation of 500 m (1,600 ft), is the lowest segment. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Koplje,_Sjeverni_and_Veliki_vrh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Koplje%2C_Sjeverni_and_Veliki_vrh.jpg/200px-Koplje%2C_Sjeverni_and_Veliki_vrh.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Koplje%2C_Sjeverni_and_Veliki_vrh.jpg/300px-Koplje%2C_Sjeverni_and_Veliki_vrh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Koplje%2C_Sjeverni_and_Veliki_vrh.jpg/400px-Koplje%2C_Sjeverni_and_Veliki_vrh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Accursed_Mountains" title="Accursed Mountains">Prokletije National Park</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buljarica_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Buljarica_beach.jpg/200px-Buljarica_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Buljarica_beach.jpg/300px-Buljarica_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Buljarica_beach.jpg/400px-Buljarica_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1861" data-file-height="1047" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Montenegrin coast, <a href="/wiki/Buljarica" title="Buljarica">Buljarica</a> beach</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Montenegro_1_(35783841882).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Montenegro_1_%2835783841882%29.jpg/200px-Montenegro_1_%2835783841882%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Montenegro_1_%2835783841882%29.jpg/300px-Montenegro_1_%2835783841882%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Montenegro_1_%2835783841882%29.jpg/400px-Montenegro_1_%2835783841882%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Skadar" title="Lake Skadar">Lake Skadar National Park</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_hotspot" title="Biodiversity hotspot">hotspot</a> of <a href="/wiki/Freshwater_ecosystem" title="Freshwater ecosystem">freshwater biodiversity</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The mountains of Montenegro include some of the most rugged terrains in Europe, averaging more than 2,000 metres (6,600 feet) in elevation. One of the country's notable peaks is <a href="/wiki/Bobotov_Kuk" title="Bobotov Kuk">Bobotov Kuk</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Durmitor" title="Durmitor">Durmitor</a> mountains, which reaches a height of 2,522 metres (8,270 ft) and was previously thought to be the country's highest point. In 2018, new <a href="/wiki/Triangulation" title="Triangulation">triangulation</a> measurements showed that <a href="/wiki/Zla_Kolata" title="Zla Kolata">Zla Kolata</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Prokletije" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokletije">Prokletije</a> mountains, which reaches a height of 2,534 metres (8,310 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Gajević_Gajević_2023_c815_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gajević_Gajević_2023_c815-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Owing to the hyperhumid climate on their western sides, the Montenegrin mountain ranges were among the most ice-eroded parts of the Balkan Peninsula during the last glacial period. </p><p>Internationally, Montenegro borders <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>. It lies between latitudes <a href="/wiki/41st_parallel_north" title="41st parallel north">41°</a> and <a href="/wiki/44%C2%B0N" class="mw-redirect" title="44°N">44°N</a>, and longitudes <a href="/wiki/18th_meridian_east" title="18th meridian east">18°</a> and <a href="/wiki/21st_meridian_east" title="21st meridian east">21°E</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montenegro&action=edit">converting this section</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Established </th> <th>Area </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Durmitor_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Durmitor National Park">Durmitor National Park</a> </td> <td>1952 </td> <td>390 square kilometres (39,000 ha) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Biogradska_Gora_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Biogradska Gora National Park">Biogradska Gora National Park</a> </td> <td>1952 </td> <td>54 square kilometres (5,400 ha) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lov%C4%87en" title="Lovćen">Lovćen National Park</a> </td> <td>1952 </td> <td>64 square kilometres (6,400 ha) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lake_Skadar" title="Lake Skadar">Lake Skadar National Park</a> </td> <td>1983 </td> <td>400 square kilometres (40,000 ha) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prokletije" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokletije">Prokletije National Park</a> </td> <td>2009 </td> <td>166 square kilometres (16,600 ha) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Montenegro is a member of the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_for_the_Protection_of_the_Danube_River" title="International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River">International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River</a>, as more than 2,000 km<sup>2</sup> (772 sq mi) of the country's territory lie within the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">catchment area</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NP_Lov%C4%87en_(by_Pudelek)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/NP_Lov%C4%87en_%28by_Pudelek%29_01.jpg/220px-NP_Lov%C4%87en_%28by_Pudelek%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/NP_Lov%C4%87en_%28by_Pudelek%29_01.jpg/330px-NP_Lov%C4%87en_%28by_Pudelek%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/NP_Lov%C4%87en_%28by_Pudelek%29_01.jpg/440px-NP_Lov%C4%87en_%28by_Pudelek%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lov%C4%87en" title="Lovćen">Lovćen</a>, southern region of Montenegro</figcaption></figure> <p>The diversity of the geological base, landscape, climate, and soil, and the position of Montenegro on the Balkan Peninsula and Adriatic Sea, created the conditions for high biological diversity, putting Montenegro among the "hot-spots" of European and world biodiversity. The number of species per area unit index in Montenegro is 0.837, the highest in any European country.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Biological estimates suggest that over 1,200 species of freshwater algae, 300 species of marine algae, 589 species of moss, 7,000–8,000 species of vascular plants, 2,000 species of fungi, 16,000–20,000 species of insects, 407 species of marine fish, 56 species of reptile, 333 species of regularly visiting birds and a high species diversity of mammals are found in Montenegro.<sup id="cite_ref-Convention_on_Biological_Diversity_1970_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Convention_on_Biological_Diversity_1970-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Montenegro can be divided into two main <a href="/wiki/Biogeographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Biogeographic">biogeographic</a> regions, which include the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Biogeographic_Region" title="Mediterranean Biogeographic Region">Mediterranean Biogeographic Region</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Biogeographic_Region" title="Alpine Biogeographic Region">Alpine Biogeographic Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Convention_on_Biological_Diversity_1970_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Convention_on_Biological_Diversity_1970-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also home to three terrestrial ecoregions: <a href="/wiki/Balkan_mixed_forests" title="Balkan mixed forests">Balkan mixed forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinaric_Mountains_mixed_forests" title="Dinaric Mountains mixed forests">Dinaric Mountains mixed forests</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_deciduous_forests" title="Illyrian deciduous forests">Illyrian deciduous forests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had a 2019 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 6.41/10, ranking it 73rd globally out of 172 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FLII-Supplementary_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The total share of protected areas in Montenegro is 9.05% of the country's area, which mainly comes from the five <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks of Montenegro">national parks of Montenegro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Convention_on_Biological_Diversity_1970_101-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Convention_on_Biological_Diversity_1970-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Montenegro" title="Politics of Montenegro">Politics of Montenegro</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:268px;max-width:268px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jakov_Milatovi%C4%87_in_2024_MGR2967_((cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jakov Milatović" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Jakov_Milatovi%C4%87_in_2024_MGR2967_%28%28cropped%29.jpg/130px-Jakov_Milatovi%C4%87_in_2024_MGR2967_%28%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Jakov_Milatovi%C4%87_in_2024_MGR2967_%28%28cropped%29.jpg/195px-Jakov_Milatovi%C4%87_in_2024_MGR2967_%28%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Jakov_Milatovi%C4%87_in_2024_MGR2967_%28%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-Jakov_Milatovi%C4%87_in_2024_MGR2967_%28%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="685" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Jakov_Milatovi%C4%87" title="Jakov Milatović">Jakov Milatović</a><br /><a href="/wiki/President_of_Montenegro" title="President of Montenegro">President</a> <br /><small>since 20 May 2023</small></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Milojko_Spaji%C4%87_at_EU-Montenegro_Intergovernmental_Conference_European_Council_on_26_June_2024_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Milojko Spajić" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87_at_EU-Montenegro_Intergovernmental_Conference_European_Council_on_26_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/130px-Milojko_Spaji%C4%87_at_EU-Montenegro_Intergovernmental_Conference_European_Council_on_26_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87_at_EU-Montenegro_Intergovernmental_Conference_European_Council_on_26_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/195px-Milojko_Spaji%C4%87_at_EU-Montenegro_Intergovernmental_Conference_European_Council_on_26_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87_at_EU-Montenegro_Intergovernmental_Conference_European_Council_on_26_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-Milojko_Spaji%C4%87_at_EU-Montenegro_Intergovernmental_Conference_European_Council_on_26_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2752" data-file-height="3667" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87" title="Milojko Spajić">Milojko Spajić</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Prime Minister</a> <br />since 31 October 2023</small></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Montenegro is a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Representative_democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Representative democratic">representative democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Montenegro" title="Constitution of Montenegro">codified constitution</a> established in 2007. The constitution describes Montenegro as a "<a href="/wiki/Civic_engagement" title="Civic engagement">civic</a>, democratic, <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">ecological</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a>, based on the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">reign of Law</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Montenegro is a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Montenegro" title="President of Montenegro">President of Montenegro</a> is the representative <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, elected for a period of five years through <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">direct election</a>. The President promotes the country internationally through diplomatic engagements, promulgates laws by ordinance, calls elections for the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Montenegro" title="Parliament of Montenegro">Parliament</a>, and ceremonially proposes candidates for <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Prime Minister</a>, president and justices of the Constitutional Court to the Parliament. The President also ceremonially proposes the calling of a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> to Parliament, grants amnesty for criminal offences proscribed by the national law, confers decoration and awards and performs other constitutional duties and is a member of the Supreme Defence Council. The official residence of the President is in <a href="/wiki/Cetinje" title="Cetinje">Cetinje</a>. The incumbent president is <a href="/wiki/Jakov_Milatovi%C4%87" title="Jakov Milatović">Jakov Milatović</a> who has held the position since May 2023. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Montenegro" title="Government of Montenegro">Government of Montenegro</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch">executive branch</a> of government authority of Montenegro and led by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Prime Minister</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The role of Prime Minister is the most politically powerful office in Montenegro. All of Montenegro's governments since 2006 have been <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalitions</a> comprising a minimum of three <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Montenegro" title="List of political parties in Montenegro">political parties.</a> The government is primarily based in <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Montenegro" title="Parliament of Montenegro">Parliament of Montenegro</a> is the country's <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a>. The Parliament has power to appoint the government, pass <a href="/wiki/Legislation" title="Legislation">legislation</a> (parliamentary law) and <a href="/wiki/Legislative_scrutiny" title="Legislative scrutiny">scrutinise</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_(law)" title="Bill (law)">bills</a> (proposed parliamentary law). It also appoints justices of all courts, approves the budget and performs other duties as established by the country's Constitution. Parliament can pass a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a> in the Government by <a href="/wiki/Simple_majority_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple majority vote">simple majority vote</a>. One member of the Montenegrin parliament, known as a Deputy, is elected per 6,000 voters.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are currently 81 deputies. Elections to the Parliament are conducted by the <a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt method</a>, a form of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>. </p><p>In 2019, Montenegro was described as a <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_regime" title="Hybrid regime">hybrid regime</a> (a political system which combines <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Authoritarian">authoritarian</a> features) according to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>–based <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>. The organisation cited <a href="/wiki/State_capture" title="State capture">state capture</a>, abuse of power, and strongman tactics by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Milo_%C4%90ukanovi%C4%87" title="Milo Đukanović">Milo Đukanović</a> (2008–2010 and 2012–2016) as explanations for its description as such. <a href="/wiki/Milo_%C4%90ukanovi%C4%87" title="Milo Đukanović">Đukanović</a> held a number of senior government positions, including the Presidency, before and after the dissolution of the union between Serbia and Montenegro. In 2021, the <i><a href="/wiki/Economist_Democracy_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Economist Democracy Index">Economist Democracy Index</a></i> (EDI) declared Montenegro as a "flawed democracy" and as of 2023,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montenegro&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> it remains regarded as such by the EDI. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Milo_%C4%90ukanovi%C4%87" title="Milo Đukanović">Đukanović</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pro-European" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-European">pro-European</a> and <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">pro-NATO</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Socialists" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party of Socialists">Democratic Party of Socialists</a> (DPS) narrowly lost the <a href="/wiki/2020_Montenegrin_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Montenegrin parliamentary election">2020 parliamentary election</a> which ended the party's 30-year rule<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the pro-Serbia "<a href="/wiki/For_the_Future_of_Montenegro" title="For the Future of Montenegro">For the Future of Montenegro</a>" (ZBCG) <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_group" title="Parliamentary group">parliamentary group</a>, composed mainly of Serb nationalist parties, formed a government under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Zdravko_Krivokapi%C4%87" title="Zdravko Krivokapić">Zdravko Krivokapic.</a><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prime Minister Krivokapic's government was toppled in a no-confidence vote after just 14 months in power.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2022, a new <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a>, led by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Dritan_Abazovi%C4%87" title="Dritan Abazović">Dritan Abazović</a>, brought together <a href="/wiki/Moderate" class="mw-redirect" title="Moderate">moderate</a> parties that are both pro-European and pro-Serb. However, his government lost a confidence vote after only 113 days. Since Montenegro had been unable to find a government which could command the confidence of the Parliament,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Abazovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Abazović">Abazović</a> remained in his post until the <a href="/wiki/Spaji%C4%87_Cabinet" title="Spajić Cabinet">Spajić Cabinet</a> had been formed after the <a href="/wiki/2023_Montenegrin_parliamentary_election" title="2023 Montenegrin parliamentary election">Parliamentary election which took place on 11 June 2023</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Europe_Now!" title="Europe Now!">Europe Now!</a> party led by <a href="/wiki/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87" title="Milojko Spajić">Milojko Spajić</a> won the most seats.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2023, a new minority government with <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">confidence and supply</a> support from <a href="/wiki/For_the_Future_of_Montenegro" title="For the Future of Montenegro">ZBCG</a> enabled <a href="/wiki/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87" title="Milojko Spajić">Milojko Spajić</a> to become the new prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Montenegro" title="Municipalities of Montenegro">Municipalities of Montenegro</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regions of Montenegro">List of regions of Montenegro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statistical_regions_of_Montenegro.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Statistical_regions_of_Montenegro.svg/220px-Statistical_regions_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Statistical_regions_of_Montenegro.svg/330px-Statistical_regions_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Statistical_regions_of_Montenegro.svg/440px-Statistical_regions_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="1285" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Montenegro" title="Municipalities of Montenegro">Municipalities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Statistical_regions_of_Montenegro" title="Statistical regions of Montenegro">Statistical regions</a> of Montenegro</figcaption></figure> <p>Montenegro is divided into twenty-five municipalities (<i><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Montenegro" title="Municipalities of Montenegro">opština</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Vlada_Crne_Gore_2021_q426_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vlada_Crne_Gore_2021_q426-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each municipality can contain multiple cities and towns. Historically, the territory of the country was divided into <a href="/wiki/Nahije" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahije">nahije</a> and during the beginning of <a href="/wiki/SR_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="SR Montenegro">SR Montenegro</a> was divided into counties (<i><a href="/wiki/Srez" title="Srez">srez</a></i>). </p><p>Regions of Montenegro—designed for statistical purposes by the Statistical Office—have no administrative function. Note that other organizations (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Football_Association_of_Montenegro" title="Football Association of Montenegro">Football Association of Montenegro</a>) use different municipalities as a part of similar regions. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Montenegro" title="Northern Montenegro">Northern Region</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#cccccc"> <th rowspan="2">Municipality </th> <th colspan="2">Area </th> <th colspan="2">Population </th></tr> <tr> <th>Km<sup>2</sup></th> <th>Rank </th> <th>Total</th> <th>Rank </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrijevica" title="Andrijevica">Andrijevica</a></td> <td align="center">283</td> <td>12</td> <td align="center">5,117</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Berane" title="Berane">Berane</a></td> <td align="center">544</td> <td>6</td> <td align="center">28,305</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bijelo_Polje" title="Bijelo Polje">Bijelo Polje</a></td> <td align="center">924</td> <td>2</td> <td align="center">46,676</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gusinje" title="Gusinje">Gusinje</a></td> <td align="center">486</td> <td>8</td> <td align="center">13,108</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kola%C5%A1in" title="Kolašin">Kolašin</a></td> <td align="center">897</td> <td>3</td> <td align="center">8,420</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mojkovac" title="Mojkovac">Mojkovac</a></td> <td align="center">367</td> <td>11</td> <td align="center">8,669</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Petnjica" title="Petnjica">Petnjica</a></td> <td align="center">173</td> <td>13</td> <td align="center">6,686</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plav,_Montenegro" title="Plav, Montenegro">Plav</a></td> <td align="center">486</td> <td>7</td> <td align="center">13,549</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plu%C5%BEine" title="Plužine">Plužine</a></td> <td align="center">854</td> <td>4</td> <td align="center">3,286</td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pljevlja" title="Pljevlja">Pljevlja</a></td> <td align="center">1,346</td> <td>1</td> <td align="center">31,060</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ro%C5%BEaje" title="Rožaje">Rožaje</a></td> <td align="center">432</td> <td>10</td> <td align="center">23,312</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0avnik" title="Šavnik">Šavnik</a></td> <td align="center">553</td> <td>5</td> <td align="center">2,077</td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDabljak" title="Žabljak">Žabljak</a></td> <td align="center">445</td> <td>9</td> <td align="center">3,599</td> <td>11 </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Central Region</li></ul> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#cccccc"> <th rowspan="2">Municipality </th> <th colspan="2">Area </th> <th colspan="2">Population </th></tr> <tr> <th>Km<sup>2</sup></th> <th>Rank </th> <th>Total</th> <th>Rank </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cetinje" title="Cetinje">Cetinje</a></td> <td align="center">899</td> <td>3</td> <td align="center">16,757</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Danilovgrad" title="Danilovgrad">Danilovgrad</a></td> <td align="center">501</td> <td>4</td> <td align="center">17,678</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nik%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Nikšić">Nikšić</a></td> <td align="center">2,065</td> <td>1</td> <td align="center">72,824</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></td> <td align="center">1,399</td> <td>2</td> <td align="center">187,085</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuzi" title="Tuzi">Tuzi</a></td> <td align="center">236</td> <td>5</td> <td align="center">12,096</td> <td>5 </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Montenegro" title="Coastal Montenegro">Coastal Region</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#cccccc"> <th rowspan="2">Municipality </th> <th colspan="2">Area </th> <th colspan="2">Population </th></tr> <tr> <th>Km<sup>2</sup></th> <th>Rank </th> <th>Total</th> <th>Rank </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bar,_Montenegro" title="Bar, Montenegro">Bar</a></td> <td align="center">598</td> <td>1</td> <td align="center">42,368</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Budva" title="Budva">Budva</a></td> <td align="center">122</td> <td>5</td> <td align="center">19,170</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Herceg_Novi" title="Herceg Novi">Herceg Novi</a></td> <td align="center">235</td> <td>4</td> <td align="center">30,992</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kotor" title="Kotor">Kotor</a></td> <td align="center">335</td> <td>2</td> <td align="center">22,799</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tivat" title="Tivat">Tivat</a></td> <td align="center">46</td> <td>6</td> <td align="center">14,111</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulcinj" title="Ulcinj">Ulcinj</a></td> <td align="center">255</td> <td>3</td> <td align="center">20,265</td> <td>4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Montenegro" title="Foreign relations of Montenegro">Foreign relations of Montenegro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_attends_NATO_Summit_(53847333617).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_attends_NATO_Summit_%2853847333617%29.jpg/220px-Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_attends_NATO_Summit_%2853847333617%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_attends_NATO_Summit_%2853847333617%29.jpg/330px-Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_attends_NATO_Summit_%2853847333617%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_attends_NATO_Summit_%2853847333617%29.jpg/440px-Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_attends_NATO_Summit_%2853847333617%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6765" data-file-height="4512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Prime Minister of Montenegro</a> <a href="/wiki/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87" title="Milojko Spajić">Milojko Spajić</a> at the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> Summit on July 10, 2024. Montenegro became a member of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> 5 June 2017.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Ministry of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a> was given the task of defining the foreign policy priorities and activities needed for their implementation in cooperation with other state administration authorities, the President, the Speaker of the Parliament, and other relevant stakeholders.<sup id="cite_ref-mvpei.gov.me_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mvpei.gov.me-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The country joined <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> on 5 June 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">Integration into the European Union</a> remains a high-priority for Montenegro and has been the focus of Montenegrin foreign policy since its independence from Serbia.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2023, newly elected President Milatović stated that he expects Montenegro to <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">join the European Union</a> by 2027 or 2028.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law">Law</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Montenegro" title="Constitution of Montenegro">Constitution of Montenegro</a></div> <p>The current <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Montenegro" title="Constitution of Montenegro">Constitution of Montenegro</a> was ratified and adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Montenegro" title="Parliament of Montenegro">Constitutional Parliament</a> of Montenegro on 19 October 2007 in a session by achieving the required two-thirds <a href="/wiki/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">supermajority</a> of votes. It was officially proclaimed on 22 October 2007. </p><p>The Constitution defines Montenegro as a civic, <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Environmentally_friendly" title="Environmentally friendly">environmentally friendly</a> country with <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a>, established by the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign rights">sovereign rights</a> of its government.<sup id="cite_ref-Pobjeda_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pobjeda-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CafedelMontenegro_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CafedelMontenegro-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The judiciary in Montenegro is composed of several courts, with the Supreme Court being the highest judicial authority. It oversees the uniform application of laws. Administrative Courts handle disputes related to public administration. The judiciary also includes Basic Courts (for minor civil and criminal cases), High Courts (for more serious cases and appeals), and the Appellate Court for reviewing lower court decisions. </p><p>The Constitutional Court is a separate body, tasked with safeguarding the constitution by reviewing laws and acts of public authorities to ensure their compliance with the Constitution. </p><p>Judges in Montenegro are appointed by the Judicial Council and serve until the age of 67. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Montenegro" title="President of Montenegro">President of Montenegro</a> appoints judges upon the recommendation of the Judicial Council. Additionally, the Protector of Human Rights and Freedoms of Montenegro (Ombudsman) is appointed by the Parliament for a six-year term, ensuring the protection of human rights and social justice. </p><p>Montenegro has a relatively low homicide rate, with the rate fluctuating around 1.5 to 2.0 murders per 100,000 people in recent years. </p><p>Abortion in Montenegro is legal on request during the first ten weeks of pregnancy. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pride_Parade_Podgorica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Pride_Parade_Podgorica.jpg/220px-Pride_Parade_Podgorica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Pride_Parade_Podgorica.jpg/330px-Pride_Parade_Podgorica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Pride_Parade_Podgorica.jpg/440px-Pride_Parade_Podgorica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>2021 LGBT Pride in <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Discrimination on the basis of both <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a> is banned in employment, the provision of goods and services, education and health services. Montenegro also possesses <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a> laws which include sexual orientation and gender identity as grounds of non-discrimination. Since 15 July 2021, same-sex couples may register their relationship as a <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Montenegro" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in Montenegro">Life Partnership</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_enforcement,_security_and_emergency_services"><span id="Law_enforcement.2C_security_and_emergency_services"></span>Law enforcement, security and emergency services</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Montenegro">Law enforcement in Montenegro</a></div> <p>Law enforcement in Montenegro is carried out by several agencies under the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Montenegro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Interior (Montenegro)">Ministry of Interior</a>. <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Montenegro">Civil law enforcement in Montenegro</a> is primarily the responsibility of the Police Directorate, the national police force. <a href="/wiki/Municipal_police" title="Municipal police">Municipal police</a>, known as Communal Police, enforce local laws in their respective municipalities.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Law enforcement in Montenegro is carried out by several agencies under the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Montenegro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Interior (Montenegro)">Ministry of Interior</a>. The primary law enforcement body is the Montenegrin Police Directorate, responsible for crime investigation, maintaining public order, and general law enforcement. The Municipal Police assist with local law enforcement tasks, primarily focusing on traffic regulation and minor public order issues.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Private security firms operate in Montenegro but have no legal authority to arrest or detain suspects. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency_(Montenegro)" title="National Security Agency (Montenegro)">National Security Agency (ANB)</a> is responsible for counterintelligence and internal security, while Interpol Montenegro collaborates with international agencies to counter transnational crime. Special units within the police, such as the Special Anti-Terrorist Unit (SAJ), handle organized crime, terrorism, and high-risk operations. </p><p>An agreement signed with the <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a> effective July 2023 permits EU <a href="/wiki/Frontex" title="Frontex">Frontex</a> border management personnel to operate in Montenegro in support of local border police operating on other, non EU, borders in Montenegro.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emergency services in Montenegro include medical services, firefighters, and search and rescue units, which are coordinated by the Directorate for Emergency Situations. Emergency medical services are operated by local health institutions but are overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Montenegro)" title="Ministry of Health (Montenegro)">Ministry of Health</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Montenegro" title="Armed Forces of Montenegro">Armed Forces of Montenegro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Final_formation_(7168937179).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Final_formation_%287168937179%29.jpg/220px-Final_formation_%287168937179%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Final_formation_%287168937179%29.jpg/330px-Final_formation_%287168937179%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Final_formation_%287168937179%29.jpg/440px-Final_formation_%287168937179%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Montenegro" title="Armed Forces of Montenegro">Montenegrin army soldiers</a> with <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> allies in <a href="/wiki/Slunj" title="Slunj">Slunj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Montenegro">military of Montenegro</a> consist of three professional service branches: the <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Ground_Army" title="Montenegrin Ground Army">Montenegrin Ground Army</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Navy" title="Montenegrin Navy">Montenegrin Navy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Air_Force" title="Montenegrin Air Force">Montenegrin Air Force</a>. The armed forces of Montenegro are managed by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Montenegro)" title="Ministry of Defence (Montenegro)">Ministry of Defence</a>, and controlled by the Chief of the General Staff. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Montenegro" title="President of Montenegro">President of Montenegro</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">Commander-in-Chief</a> of the armed forces, to whom members of the forces swear an oath of allegiance. The Armed Forces are charged with protecting Montenegro, promoting the global security interests and supporting international peacekeeping efforts. </p><p>Montenegro is a NATO member and a member of <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Charter" title="Adriatic Charter">Adriatic Charter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government planned to have the army participate in <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a> missions through the UN and NATO such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Montenegro is the 35th most peaceful country in the world, according to the 2024 <a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Index" title="Global Peace Index">Global Peace Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Montenegro" title="Economy of Montenegro">Economy of Montenegro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind_Park_Mozura_Montenegro_(49).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Wind_Park_Mozura_Montenegro_%2849%29.jpg/220px-Wind_Park_Mozura_Montenegro_%2849%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Wind_Park_Mozura_Montenegro_%2849%29.jpg/330px-Wind_Park_Mozura_Montenegro_%2849%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Wind_Park_Mozura_Montenegro_%2849%29.jpg/440px-Wind_Park_Mozura_Montenegro_%2849%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Možura wind farm, <a href="/wiki/Bar,_Montenegro" title="Bar, Montenegro">Bar Municipality</a>, coastal region of Montenegro </figcaption></figure> <p>The economy of Montenegro is mostly <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">service-based</a> and is in <a href="/wiki/Transition_economy" title="Transition economy">late transition</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nominal_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominal GDP">nominal GDP</a> of Montenegro was $5.424 billion in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.ME_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.ME-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/GDP_PPP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP PPP">GDP PPP</a> for 2019 was $12.516 billion, or $20,083 per capita.<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.ME_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.ME-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a> data, the Montenegrin GDP per capita stood at 48% of the EU average in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Montenegro joined the <a href="/wiki/Central_European_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Central European Free Trade Agreement">Central European Free Trade Agreement</a> in 2007 and has a free trade agreement with the <a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="European Free Trade Association">European Free Trade Association</a> since 2012. The <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Montenegro" title="Central Bank of Montenegro">Central Bank of Montenegro</a> is not part of the euro system but the country is "<a href="/wiki/Euroisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Euroisation">euroised</a>", using <a href="/wiki/Montenegro_and_the_euro" title="Montenegro and the euro">the euro unilaterally</a> as its currency. Montenegro was ranked 65th in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024, up from 75th in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Montenegro" title="Transport in Montenegro">Transport in Montenegro</a></div> <p>The Montenegrin road infrastructure is not at Western European standards. No roads meet full motorway standards. Construction of new motorways is considered a national priority, as they are important for uniform economic development and the development of Montenegro as an attractive tourist destination. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:368px;max-width:368px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A-1_motorway_in_Montenegro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/A-1_motorway_in_Montenegro.jpg/200px-A-1_motorway_in_Montenegro.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/A-1_motorway_in_Montenegro.jpg/300px-A-1_motorway_in_Montenegro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/A-1_motorway_in_Montenegro.jpg/400px-A-1_motorway_in_Montenegro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3079" data-file-height="2072" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/A-1_motorway_(Montenegro)" title="A-1 motorway (Montenegro)">A-1 motorway</a>, part of the larger international project between Montenegro and neighboring <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> that connects to the Belgrade–Bar motorway</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Montenegro_motorways.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Montenegro_motorways.JPG/160px-Montenegro_motorways.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Montenegro_motorways.JPG/240px-Montenegro_motorways.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Montenegro_motorways.JPG/320px-Montenegro_motorways.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1453" data-file-height="1953" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Roads of Montenegro in service and planned</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/European_route" class="mw-redirect" title="European route">European routes</a> that pass through Montenegro are <a href="/wiki/European_route_E65" title="European route E65">E65</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_route_E80" title="European route E80">E80</a>. </p><p>The backbone of the Montenegrin rail network is the <a href="/wiki/Belgrade%E2%80%93Bar_railway" title="Belgrade–Bar railway">Belgrade–Bar railway</a>, which provides international connection towards <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>. A domestic branch line, the <a href="/wiki/Nik%C5%A1i%C4%87-Podgorica_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikšić-Podgorica railway">Nikšić-Podgorica railway</a>, operated as a freight-only line for decades, that opened for passenger traffic after reconstruction and electrification in 2012. The other branch line from Podgorica towards the Albanian border, the <a href="/wiki/Podgorica%E2%80%93Shkod%C3%ABr_railway" title="Podgorica–Shkodër railway">Podgorica–Shkodër railway</a>, is not in use. </p><p>Montenegro has two international airports, <a href="/wiki/Podgorica_Airport" title="Podgorica Airport">Podgorica Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tivat_Airport" title="Tivat Airport">Tivat Airport</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Bar" title="Port of Bar">Port of Bar</a> is Montenegro's main seaport. Initially built in 1906, the port was almost completely destroyed during World War II. Reconstruction began in 1950. It is equipped to handle over five million tons of cargo annually, but has been operating at a loss and well below capacity. The reconstruction of the <a href="/wiki/Belgrade-Bar_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade-Bar railway">Belgrade-Bar railway</a> and the proposed <a href="/wiki/Belgrade-Bar_motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade-Bar motorway">Belgrade-Bar motorway</a> are expected to return operating levels to capacity. </p><p>In 2023 there is a plan to install an <a href="/wiki/LNG" class="mw-redirect" title="LNG">LNG</a> terminal at Bar to receive gas imports.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Montenegro" title="Tourism in Montenegro">Tourism in Montenegro</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Black_Lake_in_Montenegro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_Black_Lake_in_Montenegro.jpg/200px-The_Black_Lake_in_Montenegro.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_Black_Lake_in_Montenegro.jpg/300px-The_Black_Lake_in_Montenegro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_Black_Lake_in_Montenegro.jpg/400px-The_Black_Lake_in_Montenegro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">The <a href="/wiki/Black_Lake_(Montenegro)" title="Black Lake (Montenegro)">Black Lake</a> in <a href="/wiki/Durmitor_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Durmitor National Park">Durmitor National Park</a>, a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sveti_Stefan_Montenegro_may_2021_(10).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sveti_Stefan_Montenegro_may_2021_%2810%29.jpg/200px-Sveti_Stefan_Montenegro_may_2021_%2810%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sveti_Stefan_Montenegro_may_2021_%2810%29.jpg/300px-Sveti_Stefan_Montenegro_may_2021_%2810%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sveti_Stefan_Montenegro_may_2021_%2810%29.jpg/400px-Sveti_Stefan_Montenegro_may_2021_%2810%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Sveti_Stefan" title="Sveti Stefan">Sveti Stefan</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>A total of 2.1 million visitors visited Montenegro in 2022 spending 12.4m nights there.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of foreign visitors to Montenegro come from the neighbouring countries of Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo, as well as Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Montenegrin <a href="/wiki/Adriatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriatic">Adriatic</a> coast is 295 km (183 mi) long, with 72 km (45 mi) of beaches and many well-preserved ancient towns. Some of the most popular beaches include <a href="/wiki/Jaz_Beach" title="Jaz Beach">Jaz Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budva" title="Budva">Mogren Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Be%C4%8Di%C4%87i" title="Bečići">Bečići Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sveti_Stefan" title="Sveti Stefan">Sveti Stefan Beach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Velika_Pla%C5%BEa" title="Velika Plaža">Velika Plaža</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-My_Guide_Montenegro_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-My_Guide_Montenegro-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, some of the most popular ancient towns include <a href="/wiki/Herceg_Novi" title="Herceg Novi">Herceg Novi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perast" title="Perast">Perast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kotor" title="Kotor">Kotor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budva" title="Budva">Budva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ulcinj" title="Ulcinj">Ulcinj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-My_Guide_Montenegro_2020_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-My_Guide_Montenegro_2020-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Traveler" title="National Geographic Traveler">National Geographic Traveler</a></i> (edited once a decade) ranks Montenegro among the "50 Places of a Lifetime". Montenegrin seaside town <a href="/wiki/Sveti_Stefan" title="Sveti Stefan">Sveti Stefan</a> was once used as the cover for the magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coast region of Montenegro was considered one of the great "discoveries" among world tourists. In January 2010, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> ranked the Ulcinj South Coast region of Montenegro, including <a href="/wiki/Velika_Pla%C5%BEa" title="Velika Plaža">Velika Plaža</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ada_Bojana" title="Ada Bojana">Ada Bojana</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Mediteran" title="Hotel Mediteran">Hotel Mediteran</a> of Ulcinj, among the "Top 31 Places to Go in 2010" as part of a worldwide ranking.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Montenegro" title="Demographics of Montenegro">Demographics of Montenegro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Montenegro" title="Demographic history of Montenegro">Demographic history of Montenegro</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_structure">Ethnic structure</h3></div> <p>The 2023 census reported 623,633 citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-t819_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t819-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Montenegro is a <a href="/wiki/Multiethnic_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiethnic state">multiethnic state</a> with no ethnic majority.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Montenegrins" title="Montenegrins">Montenegrins</a> make up 41.1% of the population, <a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Montenegro" title="Serbs of Montenegro">Serbs</a> 32.9%, <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks_of_Montenegro" title="Bosniaks of Montenegro">Bosniaks</a> 9.45%, <a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Montenegro" title="Albanians in Montenegro">Albanians</a> 4.99%, and <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> 2.01%.<sup id="cite_ref-g302_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g302-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a significant number of other ethnic groups, including <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Montenegro" title="Romani people in Montenegro">Romani people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croats_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Croats in Montenegro">Croats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a>. </p><p><b>Montenegro</b> is one of 22 countries with a <b>GHI</b> score of less than 5.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Montenegro" title="Languages of Montenegro">Languages of Montenegro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Be%C4%8Dko_izdanje_Gorskog_vijenca_1847.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Be%C4%8Dko_izdanje_Gorskog_vijenca_1847.png/220px-Be%C4%8Dko_izdanje_Gorskog_vijenca_1847.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Be%C4%8Dko_izdanje_Gorskog_vijenca_1847.png/330px-Be%C4%8Dko_izdanje_Gorskog_vijenca_1847.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Be%C4%8Dko_izdanje_Gorskog_vijenca_1847.png/440px-Be%C4%8Dko_izdanje_Gorskog_vijenca_1847.png 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Mountain_Wreath" title="The Mountain Wreath">The Mountain Wreath</a> is a poetic chronicle documenting the struggle of the Montenegrin people for independence from the Ottoman Empire, and is the most famous literary work in the country</figcaption></figure> <p>The official language in Montenegro is <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a>. <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> are recognised in official usage. Montenegrin, Serbian, Bosnian, and Croatian are <a href="/wiki/Mutually_intelligible" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutually intelligible">mutually intelligible</a> as <a href="/wiki/Standard_varieties" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard varieties">standard varieties</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian language</a>. Serbian is the most spoken language in the country, as a plurality of the population at 43.18% consider it as their <a href="/wiki/Native_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Native language">native language</a>, while 34.52% speaks the Montenegrin language. There is also significant number of people speaking Bosnian (6.98%), Albanian (5.25%), and <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> (2.36%).<sup id="cite_ref-q454_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-q454-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Montenegro" title="Religion in Montenegro">Religion in Montenegro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pogled_na_Ostrog_izdaleka_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pogled_na_Ostrog_izdaleka_2019.jpg/220px-Pogled_na_Ostrog_izdaleka_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pogled_na_Ostrog_izdaleka_2019.jpg/330px-Pogled_na_Ostrog_izdaleka_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pogled_na_Ostrog_izdaleka_2019.jpg/440px-Pogled_na_Ostrog_izdaleka_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2334" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ostrog_Monastery" title="Ostrog Monastery">Ostrog Monastery</a> is the most visited religious shrine in the country, due to its uniqueness in being situated against an almost vertical background that is high up in the large rock of Ostroška Greda</figcaption></figure> <p>Montenegro has historically stood at the crossroads of multiculturalism, and over centuries this has shaped its unique co-existence between its Christian and Muslim populations.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Montenegrins have throughout history been <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodox Christians</a> that are members of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a>, which is governed by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitanate_of_Montenegro_and_the_Littoral" title="Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral">Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eparchy_of_Budimlja_and_Nik%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Eparchy of Budimlja and Nikšić">Eparchy of Budimlja and Nikšić</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Evropa_2021_i808_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evropa_2021_i808-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Montenegro" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Montenegro">Eastern Orthodox Christianity</a> is the predominant religion in Montenegro, with 71.1% of the population adhering to the religion.<sup id="cite_ref-p282_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p282-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the Serbian Orthodox Church is the largest and most popular church, with approximately 90% of Orthodox Christians in Montenegro following the church.<sup id="cite_ref-United_States_Department_of_State_2021_x826_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_States_Department_of_State_2021_x826-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Schism_in_Christianity" title="Schism in Christianity">schismatic</a> church called The <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Orthodox_Church" title="Montenegrin Orthodox Church">Montenegrin Orthodox Church</a>, which broke off from the Serbian Orthodox church in 1993, is followed by the remaining 10% of Orthodox Christians in the country. It also has not been officially recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a> and is not in communion with any other canonical Orthodox Christian Church.<sup id="cite_ref-vijesti.me_2019_u217_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vijesti.me_2019_u217-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite tensions between religious groups during the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a>, Montenegro remained fairly stable, mainly due to its population's perspective on religious tolerance and faith diversity.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Religious institutions have guaranteed rights and are separate from the state. The second largest religion is <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, practiced by 19% of the population. Montenegro has one of the highest proportion of Muslims in Europe and the third highest proportion among Slavic countries, behind only Bosnia and Herzegovina and North Macedonia. A little more than one-fourth of the country's <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a> are <a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a> (8,126 in the 2003 census) while the rest (22,267) are mainly <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Muslims">Sunni Muslims</a>; in 2012 a protocol recognised <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> as an official religion, which ensures that <a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">halal</a> foods are served at military facilities, hospitals, dormitories and social facilities; and that Muslim women are permitted to wear headscarves in schools and at public institutions, as well as ensuring that Muslims have the right to take Fridays off for the <a href="/wiki/Jumu%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumu'ah">Jumu'ah</a> (Friday)-prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the time of <a href="/wiki/Vojislavljevi%C4%87_dynasty" title="Vojislavljević dynasty">Vojislavljević dynasty</a> Catholicism is autochthonous in the Montenegrin area.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small Roman Catholic population, mostly Albanians with some Croats, is divided between the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Antivari" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Antivari">Archdiocese of Antivari</a> headed by the Primate of Serbia and the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Kotor" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Kotor">Diocese of Kotor</a> that is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Croatia" title="Catholic Church in Croatia">Catholic Church in Croatia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Montenegro" title="Culture of Montenegro">Culture of Montenegro</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2023_Cetinje_National_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/2023_Cetinje_National_Museum.jpg/200px-2023_Cetinje_National_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/2023_Cetinje_National_Museum.jpg/300px-2023_Cetinje_National_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/2023_Cetinje_National_Museum.jpg/400px-2023_Cetinje_National_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3804" data-file-height="2853" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Montenegro" title="National Museum of Montenegro">National Museum of Montenegro</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tripundan_2023_(04).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tripundan_2023_%2804%29.jpg/200px-Tripundan_2023_%2804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tripundan_2023_%2804%29.jpg/300px-Tripundan_2023_%2804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tripundan_2023_%2804%29.jpg/400px-Tripundan_2023_%2804%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Boka Navy, from 2021 part of intangible <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage">World Heritage</a> UNESCO</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Montenegrin culture has been shaped most importantly by Orthodox, Ottoman (Turk), Slavic, Central European, and seafaring Adriatic cultures (notably parts of Italy, like the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a>). </p><p>Montenegro has many significant cultural and historical sites, including heritage sites from the pre-<a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> periods. The Montenegrin coastal region is known for its religious monuments, including the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Tryphon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Saint Tryphon">Cathedral of Saint Tryphon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kotor" title="Kotor">Kotor</a><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Cattaro under the Venetians), the basilica of St. Luke (over 800 years), <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Rocks" title="Our Lady of the Rocks">Our Lady of the Rocks</a> (Škrpjela), the <a href="/wiki/Savina_monastery_(Montenegro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Savina monastery (Montenegro)">Savina Monastery</a> and others. Medieval monasteries contain many artistically important frescoes. </p><p>One cultural dimension is the ethical ideal of <i>Čojstvo i Junaštvo</i>, "Humaneness and Gallantry".<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traditional folk dance of the Montenegrins is the <a href="/wiki/Oro_(eagle_dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oro (eagle dance)">Oro</a>, the "eagle dance" that involves dancing in circles with couples alternating in the centre, and is finished by forming a human pyramid of dancers standing on each other's shoulders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Montenegro">Media of Montenegro</a></div> <p>Television, magazines, and newspapers are operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations that depend on advertising, <a href="/wiki/Subscription" class="mw-redirect" title="Subscription">subscription</a>, and other sales-related revenues. The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Montenegro" title="Constitution of Montenegro">Constitution of Montenegro</a> guarantees freedom of speech. Montenegro's media system is under transformation, along with the rest of the country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Montenegro" title="Sport in Montenegro">Sport in Montenegro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sports_Center_Moraca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Sports_Center_Moraca.jpg/220px-Sports_Center_Moraca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Sports_Center_Moraca.jpg/330px-Sports_Center_Moraca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Sports_Center_Moraca.jpg/440px-Sports_Center_Moraca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3434" data-file-height="1948" /></a><figcaption> Exterior of the <a href="/wiki/Mora%C4%8Da_Sports_Center" title="Morača Sports Center">Morača Sports Center </a></figcaption></figure> <p>Sport in Montenegro revolves mostly around <a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">team sports</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">water polo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">handball</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>. Other sports involved are <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, swimming, <a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">judo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">karate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athletics_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletics (sport)">athletics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">table tennis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">Water polo</a> is the most popular and is considered the <a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">national sport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Popular_Sports_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popular_Sports-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro_men%27s_national_water_polo_team" title="Montenegro men's national water polo team">Montenegro men's national water polo team</a> is one of the world's <a href="/wiki/FINA_Water_Polo_World_Rankings" title="FINA Water Polo World Rankings">top ranked</a> teams, winning the gold medal at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Men%27s_European_Water_Polo_Championship" title="2008 Men's European Water Polo Championship">2008 Men's European Water Polo Championship</a> in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>, Spain, and winning the gold medal at the <a href="/wiki/2009_FINA_Men%27s_Water_Polo_World_League" title="2009 FINA Men's Water Polo World League">2009 FINA Men's Water Polo World League</a>, held in <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a>. The Montenegrin team <a href="/wiki/PVK_Primorac" class="mw-redirect" title="PVK Primorac">PVK Primorac</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kotor" title="Kotor">Kotor</a> became a champion of Europe at the <a href="/wiki/LEN_Euroleague" class="mw-redirect" title="LEN Euroleague">LEN Euroleague</a> 2009 in <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a>, Croatia. Montenegro came fourth in the men's water polo in the <a href="/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Water polo at the 2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Olympics</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> is the second most popular sport.<sup id="cite_ref-Popular_Sports_154-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popular_Sports-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Montenegro_national_football_team" title="Montenegro national football team">Montenegro national football team</a>, founded in 2006, played in playoffs for <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2012" title="UEFA Euro 2012">UEFA Euro 2012</a>, its highest play appearance. The <a href="/wiki/Montenegro_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegro national basketball team">Montenegro national basketball team</a> is known for good performances and won many medals as part of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslavia national basketball team">Yugoslavia national basketball team</a>. In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Basketball_Federation_of_Montenegro" title="Basketball Federation of Montenegro">Basketball Federation of Montenegro</a> along with this team joined the <a href="/wiki/International_Basketball_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="International Basketball Federation">International Basketball Federation</a> (FIBA) on its own, following the <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_independence_referendum,_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006">Independence</a>. Montenegro participated in two <a href="/wiki/EuroBasket" title="EuroBasket">EuroBaskets</a>. </p><p>Among women sports, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro_women%27s_national_handball_team" title="Montenegro women's national handball team">the national handball team</a> is the most successful, winning the country's first Olympic medal, claiming silver at the <a href="/wiki/Handball_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics" title="Handball at the 2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a>. This was followed by the <a href="/wiki/2012_European_Women%27s_Handball_Championship" title="2012 European Women's Handball Championship">2012 European Championship</a> which Montenegro won, becoming European champions. <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDRK_Budu%C4%87nost_Podgorica" title="ŽRK Budućnost Podgorica">ŽRK Budućnost Podgorica</a> has twice won the EHF Champions League. Montenegro was one of the host countries for the <a href="/wiki/2022_European_Women%27s_Handball_Championship" title="2022 European Women's Handball Championship">2022 European Women's Handball Championship</a> and came third. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foods_from_Montenegro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Foods_from_Montenegro.jpg/220px-Foods_from_Montenegro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Foods_from_Montenegro.jpg/330px-Foods_from_Montenegro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Foods_from_Montenegro.jpg/440px-Foods_from_Montenegro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Foods from Montenegro</figcaption></figure> <p>The first major influences to Montenegrin cuisine came from the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkey</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sarma_(food)" title="Sarma (food)">sarma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Musaka">musaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilav" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilav">pilav</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rek#Balkans" title="Börek">pita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gibanica" title="Gibanica">gibanica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burek" class="mw-redirect" title="Burek">burek</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%86evapi" title="Ćevapi">ćevapi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">kebab</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90uve%C4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Đuveč">đuveč</a>, and Turkish sweets such as <a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">baklava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tulumba" title="Tulumba">tulumba</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarian cuisine</a> influences <a href="/wiki/Goulash" title="Goulash">stews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satara%C5%A1" title="Sataraš">sataraš</a>. While <a href="/wiki/Central_European_cuisine" title="Central European cuisine">Central European cuisine</a> is evident in the prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApes" class="mw-redirect" title="Crêpes">crêpes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doughnuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Doughnuts">doughnuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jam">jams</a>, many types of <a href="/wiki/Biscuits" class="mw-redirect" title="Biscuits">biscuits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cakes">cakes</a>, and various kinds of breads. Montenegrin cuisine also varies geographically; with the cuisine in the coastal area differing from that of the northern highland region. The coastal area is traditionally a representative of <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean cuisine</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a> being a common dish. The traditional dishes of Montenegro's <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriatic coast">Adriatic coast</a>, unlike its heartland, have been significantly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Montenegro" title="Outline of Montenegro">Outline of Montenegro</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official languages use is: <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a><sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_of_Montenegro_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution_of_Montenegro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-native_name_2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-native_name_2_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Written identically in <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-native_name_3-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-native_name_3_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Written identically in <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Cyrillic">Serbian Cyrillic</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Constitution_of_Montenegro-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Constitution_of_Montenegro_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Constitution_of_Montenegro_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=187544#LinkTarget_1506">"Language and alphabet Article 13"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=187544"><i>Constitution of Montenegro</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/WIPO" class="mw-redirect" title="WIPO">WIPO</a>. 19 October 2007. <q>Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian shall also be in the official use.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Language+and+alphabet+Article+13&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+Montenegro&rft.pub=WIPO&rft.date=2007-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fwipolex%2Fen%2Ftext.jsp%3Ffile_id%3D187544%23LinkTarget_1506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Podgorica is the administrative capital while <a href="/wiki/Cetinje" title="Cetinje">Cetinje</a> is considered the old royal capital</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=187544#LinkTarget_1506">"Language and alphabet Article 13"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=187544"><i>Constitution of Montenegro</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/WIPO" class="mw-redirect" title="WIPO">WIPO</a>. 19 October 2007. <q>The official language in Montenegro shall be Montenegrin. Cyrillic and Latin alphabet shall be equal.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Language+and+alphabet+Article+13&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+Montenegro&rft.pub=WIPO&rft.date=2007-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fwipolex%2Fen%2Ftext.jsp%3Ffile_id%3D187544%23LinkTarget_1506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monstat-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Monstat_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Monstat_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monstat.org/uploads/files/popis%202021/saopstenja/SAOPSTENJE_Popis%20stanovnistva%202023%20II_cg.pdf">"Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Montenegro 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Monstat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+Population%2C+Households+and+Dwellings+in+Montenegro+2023&rft.pub=Monstat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonstat.org%2Fuploads%2Ffiles%2Fpopis%25202021%2Fsaopstenja%2FSAOPSTENJE_Popis%2520stanovnistva%25202023%2520II_cg.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monstat.org/uploads/files/publikacije/godisnjak2024/GODISNJAK%202024_30.12..pdf">"SY MNE – 2024"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Statistički godišnjak</i>. 2024. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0354-2076">0354-2076</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statisti%C4%8Dki+godi%C5%A1njak&rft.atitle=SY+MNE+%E2%80%93+2024&rft.date=2024&rft.issn=0354-2076&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonstat.org%2Fuploads%2Ffiles%2Fpublikacije%2Fgodisnjak2024%2FGODISNJAK%25202024_30.12..pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monstat.org/uploads/files/popis%202021/saopstenja/SAOPSTENJE_Popis%20stanovnistva%202023%20II_cg.pdf">"Statistical Office of Montenegro – MONSTAT"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+Office+of+Montenegro+%E2%80%93+MONSTAT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonstat.org%2Fuploads%2Ffiles%2Fpopis%25202021%2Fsaopstenja%2FSAOPSTENJE_Popis%2520stanovnistva%25202023%2520II_cg.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO.ME-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.ME_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.ME_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.ME_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.ME_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.ME_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.ME_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=943,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Montenegro)"</a>. <i>IMF.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. 10 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2023+Edition.+%28Montenegro%29&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D943%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2020%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĐokić2024" class="citation book cs1">Đokić, Dunja (3 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.monstat.org/uploads/files/SILC/2023/Saop%C5%A1tenje_Anketa_o_dohotku_i_uslovima_%C5%BEivota_EU-SILC_2023.pdf"><i>Anketa o dohotku i uslovima života (EU-SILC) 2024</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. MONSTAT.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anketa+o+dohotku+i+uslovima+%C5%BEivota+%28EU-SILC%29+2024&rft.pub=MONSTAT&rft.date=2024-09-03&rft.aulast=%C4%90oki%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Dunja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.monstat.org%2Fuploads%2Ffiles%2FSILC%2F2023%2FSaop%25C5%25A1tenje_Anketa_o_dohotku_i_uslovima_%25C5%25BEivota_EU-SILC_2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHDR-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNHDR_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/24"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 13 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4NYTCgAAQBAJ&q=East%20Central%20Europe%20in%20the%20Middle%20Ages%2C%201000-1500&pg=PA32"><i>East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_Press" title="University of Washington Press">University of Washington Press</a>. pp. 21–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780295800646" title="Special:BookSources/9780295800646"><bdi>9780295800646</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East+Central+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages%2C+1000%E2%80%931500&rft.pages=21-&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780295800646&rft.aulast=Sedlar&rft.aufirst=Jean+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4NYTCgAAQBAJ%26q%3DEast%2520Central%2520Europe%2520in%2520the%2520Middle%2520Ages%252C%25201000-1500%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Van_Antwerp_Fine1983" class="citation book cs1">John Van Antwerp Fine (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RSNpAAAAMAAJ&q=raska+duklja+serbian+principality"><i>The early medieval Balkans: a critical survey from the sixth to the late twelfth century</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780472100255" title="Special:BookSources/9780472100255"><bdi>9780472100255</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+early+medieval+Balkans%3A+a+critical+survey+from+the+sixth+to+the+late+twelfth+century&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780472100255&rft.au=John+Van+Antwerp+Fine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRSNpAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Draska%2Bduklja%2Bserbian%2Bprincipality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitt2001" class="citation book cs1">Schmitt, Oliver Jens (2001). <i>Das Venezianische Albanien (1392–1479)</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vlada+Crne+Gore&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.me%2Fnaslovna%3Falphabet%3Dcyr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Влада_Црне_Горе-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Влада_Црне_Горе_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513184345/https://www.gov.me/naslovna?alphabet=lat">"Vlada Crne Gore"</a>. <i>Влада Црне Горе</i> (in Montenegrin). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurydice+%E2%80%93+European+Commission&rft.atitle=Crna+Gora%3A+Istorijski+razvoj&rft.date=2017-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feacea.ec.europa.eu%2Fnational-policies%2Feurydice%2Fcrna-gora%2Fhistorical-development_me&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fine532-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fine532_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fine532_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, p. 532<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFine1994 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZlatar2007" class="citation book cs1">Zlatar, Zdenko (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ltRWy32dG7oC"><i>The Poetics of Slavdom: The Mythopoeic Foundations of Yugoslavia</i></a>. Dumbarton Oaks Library and Collection. p. 459. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88402-137-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88402-137-7"><bdi>978-0-88402-137-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Poetics+of+Slavdom%3A+The+Mythopoeic+Foundations+of+Yugoslavia&rft.pages=459&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks+Library+and+Collection&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-88402-137-7&rft.aulast=Zlatar&rft.aufirst=Zdenko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DltRWy32dG7oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Namenforschung</i> / Name Studies / <i>Les noms propres</i>. 1. Halbband, Ernst Eichler, Ladislav Zgusta, Heinrich Löffler, Gerold Hilty, Hugo Steger, p. 718</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boardman629-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boardman629_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Boardman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vXljf8JqmkoC&pg=PA629">The prehistory of the Balkans and the Middle East and the Aegean world</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Montenegro+declares+independence&rft.date=2006-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F5043462.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/press/en/2006/ga10479.doc.htm">"General Assembly Approves Admission of Montenegro to United Nations, Increasing Number of Member States to 192 | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases"</a>. <i>www.un.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.un.org&rft.atitle=General+Assembly+Approves+Admission+of+Montenegro+to+United+Nations%2C+Increasing+Number+of+Member+States+to+192+%7C+Meetings+Coverage+and+Press+Releases&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fpress%2Fen%2F2006%2Fga10479.doc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icij.org/investigations/tobacco-underground/djukanovics-montenegro-family-business/">"Djukanovic's Montenegro a family business – ICIJ"</a>. 2 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Djukanovic%27s+Montenegro+a+family+business+%E2%80%93+ICIJ&rft.date=2009-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icij.org%2Finvestigations%2Ftobacco-underground%2Fdjukanovics-montenegro-family-business%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOtašević2021" class="citation web cs1">Otašević, Ana (1 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mondediplo.com/2021/04/06montenegro">"Montenegro's ragged coalition"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Montenegro%27s+ragged+coalition&rft.date=2021-04-01&rft.aulast=Ota%C5%A1evi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmondediplo.com%2F2021%2F04%2F06montenegro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.occrp.org/personoftheyear/2015/">OCCRP announces 2015 Organized Crime and Corruption 'Person of the Year' Award</a>". <a href="/wiki/Organized_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project" title="Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project">Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2017/01/05/the-balkans-corrupt-leaders-are-playing-nato-for-a-fool/">The Balkans' Corrupt Leaders are Playing NATO for a Fool</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i>. 5 January 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/dec/1/montenegros-drive-for-nato-angers-russia-strains-a/">Montenegro invited to join NATO, a move sure to anger Russia, strain alliance's standards</a>". <i>The Washington Times</i>. 1 December 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStojanovic2016" class="citation news cs1">Stojanovic, Dusan (31 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107162123/http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/E/EU_BALKANS_MILITARY_DRILLS?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2016-10-31-12-14-05">"NATO, Russia to Hold Parallel Drills in the Balkans"</a>. Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/E/EU_BALKANS_MILITARY_DRILLS?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2016-10-31-12-14-05">the original</a> on 7 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NATO%2C+Russia+to+Hold+Parallel+Drills+in+the+Balkans&rft.date=2016-10-31&rft.aulast=Stojanovic&rft.aufirst=Dusan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhosted.ap.org%2Fdynamic%2Fstories%2FE%2FEU_BALKANS_MILITARY_DRILLS%3FSITE%3DAP%26SECTION%3DHOME%26TEMPLATE%3DDEFAULT%26CTIME%3D2016-10-31-12-14-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/russians-behind-montenegro-coup-attempt-says-prosecutor/a-36284714">"Russians behind Montenegro coup attempt, says prosecutor"</a>. Germany: Deutsche Welle. AFP, Reuters, AP. 6 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="https://insightnews.media/cigarettes-smuggling-in-montenegro-and-strike-on-russian-spies-ring/">"Cigarettes smuggling in Montenegro, and strike on Russian spies ring"</a>. 13 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cigarettes+smuggling+in+Montenegro%2C+and+strike+on+Russian+spies+ring&rft.date=2023-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finsightnews.media%2Fcigarettes-smuggling-in-montenegro-and-strike-on-russian-spies-ring%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://www.euronews.com/2023/06/12/pro-eu-group-projected-to-win-montenegro-snap-parliamentary-election">"Montenegro's pro-EU party wins election, initial results show"</a>. <i>euronews</i>. 12 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=euronews&rft.atitle=Montenegro%27s+pro-EU+party+wins+election%2C+initial+results+show&rft.date=2023-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2023%2F06%2F12%2Fpro-eu-group-projected-to-win-montenegro-snap-parliamentary-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=My+Guide+Montenegro&rft.atitle=Old+Towns+in+Montenegro&rft.date=2020-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myguidemontenegro.com%2Flists%2Fold-towns-in-montenegro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100329113520/http://blogs.nationalgeographic.com/blogs/intelligenttravel/2009/09/50-places-of-a-lifetime-1.html">"50 Places of a Lifetime"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>. 17 September 2009. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=50+Places+of+a+Lifetime&rft.date=2009-09-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.nationalgeographic.com%2Fblogs%2Fintelligenttravel%2F2009%2F09%2F50-places-of-a-lifetime-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/10/travel/10places.html?pagewanted=2&ref=travel">"The 31 Places to Go in 2010"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 7 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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December 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/analysis/external/applicant/montenegro_en.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Montenegro%2C+country+report&rft.pub=European+Commission&rft.date=2006-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fagriculture%2Fanalysis%2Fexternal%2Fapplicant%2Fmontenegro_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xKMtAQAAIAAJ&q=Montenegro+multi+ethnic+country"><i>Montenegro: A Modern History</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/I.B._Tauris" title="I.B. Tauris">I.B. Tauris</a>. 2009. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845117108" title="Special:BookSources/9781845117108"><bdi>9781845117108</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Montenegro%3A+A+Modern+History&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781845117108&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxKMtAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DMontenegro%2Bmulti%2Bethnic%2Bcountry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g302-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-g302_140-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rtcg.me/cir/vijesti/drustvo/612699/crnogoraca-4112-odsto-srba-3293-bosnjaka-945.html">"Crnogoraca 41,12 odsto, Srba 32,93, Bošnjaka 9,45..."</a> <i>RTCG – Radio Televizija Crne Gore – Nacionalni javni servis</i>. 15 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Hunger+Index+%28GHI%29+%E2%80%93+peer-reviewed+annual+publication+designed+to+comprehensively+measure+and+track+hunger+at+the+global%2C+regional%2C+and+country+levels&rft.atitle=Global+Hunger+Index+Scores+by+2024+GHI+Rank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalhungerindex.org%2Franking.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-q454-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-q454_142-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rtcg.me/vijesti/drustvo/612761/srpskim-jezikom-govori-4318-odsto-crnogorskim-3452-odsto.html">"Srpskim jezikom govori 43,18 odsto, crnogorskim 34,52 odsto..."</a> <i>RTCG – Radio Televizija Crne Gore – Nacionalni javni servis</i>. 15 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RTCG+%E2%80%93+Radio+Televizija+Crne+Gore+%E2%80%93+Nacionalni+javni+servis&rft.atitle=Srpskim+jezikom+govori+43%2C18+odsto%2C+crnogorskim+34%2C52+odsto...&rft.date=2024-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frtcg.me%2Fvijesti%2Fdrustvo%2F612761%2Fsrpskim-jezikom-govori-4318-odsto-crnogorskim-3452-odsto.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPettifer2007" class="citation book cs1">Pettifer, James (2007). <i>Strengthening Religious Tolerance for a Secure Civil Society in Albania and the Southern Balkans</i>. IOS Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58603-779-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58603-779-6"><bdi>978-1-58603-779-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strengthening+Religious+Tolerance+for+a+Secure+Civil+Society+in+Albania+and+the+Southern+Balkans&rft.pub=IOS+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-58603-779-6&rft.aulast=Pettifer&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evropa_2021_i808-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Evropa_2021_i808_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvropa2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Evropa, Radio Slobodna (11 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/crna-gora-crkva-spc/31302405.html">"Mitropolija i Eparhija SPC registrovane u Crnoj Gori"</a>. <i>Radio Slobodna Evropa</i> (in Serbo-Croatian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Slobodna+Evropa&rft.atitle=Mitropolija+i+Eparhija+SPC+registrovane+u+Crnoj+Gori&rft.date=2021-06-11&rft.aulast=Evropa&rft.aufirst=Radio+Slobodna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slobodnaevropa.org%2Fa%2Fcrna-gora-crkva-spc%2F31302405.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p282-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p282_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rtcg.me/vijesti/drustvo/612745/najvise-pravoslavaca-711-odsto-muslimana-1999-katolika-327.html">"Najviše pravoslavaca (71,1 odsto), muslimana (19,99), katolika (3,27)..."</a> <i>RTCG – Radio Televizija Crne Gore – Nacionalni javni servis</i>. 15 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RTCG+%E2%80%93+Radio+Televizija+Crne+Gore+%E2%80%93+Nacionalni+javni+servis&rft.atitle=Najvi%C5%A1e+pravoslavaca+%2871%2C1+odsto%29%2C+muslimana+%2819%2C99%29%2C+katolika+%283%2C27%29...&rft.date=2024-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frtcg.me%2Fvijesti%2Fdrustvo%2F612745%2Fnajvise-pravoslavaca-711-odsto-muslimana-1999-katolika-327.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-United_States_Department_of_State_2021_x826-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-United_States_Department_of_State_2021_x826_146-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-report-on-international-religious-freedom/montenegro/">"United States Department of State"</a>. <i>United States Department of State</i>. 12 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.date=2021-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Freports%2F2020-report-on-international-religious-freedom%2Fmontenegro%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vijesti.me_2019_u217-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vijesti.me_2019_u217_147-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231120185234/https://en.vijesti.me/news/society/391381/Bartholomew-wrote-to-Dukanovica,-the-Ecumenical-Patriarchate-only-recognizes-the-Montenegrin-Littoral-Metropolitanate">"Bartholomew wrote to Đukanović: The Ecumenical Patriarchate only recognizes the Montenegrin Littoral Metropolitanate"</a>. <i>vijesti.me</i>. 27 June 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.vijesti.me/news/society/391381/Bartholomew-wrote-to-Dukanovica%2C-the-Ecumenical-Patriarchate-only-recognizes-the-Montenegrin-Littoral-Metropolitanate">the original</a> on 20 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vijesti.me&rft.atitle=Bartholomew+wrote+to+%C4%90ukanovi%C4%87%3A+The+Ecumenical+Patriarchate+only+recognizes+the+Montenegrin+Littoral+Metropolitanate&rft.date=2019-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.vijesti.me%2Fnews%2Fsociety%2F391381%2FBartholomew-wrote-to-Dukanovica%252C-the-Ecumenical-Patriarchate-only-recognizes-the-Montenegrin-Littoral-Metropolitanate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarkin2001" class="citation book cs1">Larkin, Barbara (2001). <i>International Religious Freedom 2000: Annual Report: Submitted by the U.S. Department Of State</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action;jsessionid=DA2F43BACD1FEFE22CCCDB093D5DA0B3?newsId=274558">the original</a> on 21 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Today%27s+Zaman&rft.atitle=Rifat+Fejzic%2C+the+reis+%28president%29+of+the+Islamic+community+in+Montenegro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2FnewsDetail_getNewsById.action%3Bjsessionid%3DDA2F43BACD1FEFE22CCCDB093D5DA0B3%3FnewsId%3D274558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJovović2013" class="citation journal cs1">Jovović, Ivan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maticacrnogorska.me/files/53/06%20ivan%20jovovic.pdf">"Dvooltarske crkve na crnogorskom primorju"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>MATICA</i>: 67. <q>Dio istoričara u tumačenju ovog procesa svjesno izostavlja notornu činjenicu da je katolicizam na crnogorskom prostoru autohton još od vremena dinastije Vojislavljevića</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MATICA&rft.atitle=Dvooltarske+crkve+na+crnogorskom+primorju&rft.pages=67&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Jovovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maticacrnogorska.me%2Ffiles%2F53%2F06%2520ivan%2520jovovic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠestović" class="citation web cs1">Šestović, Aleksandar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kotoronline.com">"Kotor"</a>. Kotoronline.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kotor&rft.pub=Kotoronline.com&rft.aulast=%C5%A0estovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Aleksandar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kotoronline.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121221112024/http://web.f.bg.ac.rs/print.php?sid=58&id=1014&zid=28&kid=338">"Чојство и јнаштво старих Црногораца, Цетиње 1968. 3–11"</a>. Web.f.bg.ac.rs. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.f.bg.ac.rs/print.php?sid=58&id=1014&zid=28&kid=338">the original</a> on 21 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0%2C+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5+1968.+3%E2%80%9311&rft.pub=Web.f.bg.ac.rs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.f.bg.ac.rs%2Fprint.php%3Fsid%3D58%26id%3D1014%26zid%3D28%26kid%3D338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.montenegrina.net/pages/pages1/istorija/petrovici_xviii_vijek/oblikovanje_crnogorske_nacije_u_doba_petrovica_njegosa.ht">"Oblikovanje crnogorske nacije u doba petrovica njegosa, "Cojstvo je osobeno svojstvo Crnogoraca, koje su uzdigli u najvecu vrlinu i uzor."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oblikovanje+crnogorske+nacije+u+doba+petrovica+njegosa%2C+%22Cojstvo+je+osobeno+svojstvo+Crnogoraca%2C+koje+su+uzdigli+u+najvecu+vrlinu+i+uzor.%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.montenegrina.net%2Fpages%2Fpages1%2Fistorija%2Fpetrovici_xviii_vijek%2Foblikovanje_crnogorske_nacije_u_doba_petrovica_njegosa.ht&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Popular_Sports-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Popular_Sports_154-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Popular_Sports_154-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://total-waterpolo.com/water-polo-is-the-most-popular-sport-in-montenegro/">"Water Polo Is The Most Popular Sport in Montenegro"</a>. <i>total-waterpolo.com</i>. Total Waterpolo. 5 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=total-waterpolo.com&rft.atitle=Water+Polo+Is+The+Most+Popular+Sport+in+Montenegro&rft.date=2018-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftotal-waterpolo.com%2Fwater-polo-is-the-most-popular-sport-in-montenegro%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMontenegro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visit-montenegro.com/montenegro-food.htm">Montenegro Food and Drink</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150412010205/http://www.visit-montenegro.com/montenegro-food.htm">Archived</a> 12 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Visit Montenegro</span> 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Montenegro" class="extiw" title="q:Montenegro">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Montenegro">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Montenegro" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Montenegro">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Montenegro" class="extiw" title="voy:Montenegro">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.me/en/">Official website of the Government of Montenegro (English)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/montenegro/">Montenegro</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Montenegro">Montenegro</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17667132">Montenegro profile</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120830120309/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/montenegro.htm">Montenegro</a> from <i>UCB Libraries GovPubs</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture-corner.me/?jezik=ENG">Culture Corner</a> – leading Montenegrin web portal for culture</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nparkovi.me/">Official website National Parks Montenegro</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Montenegro" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Montenegro">Wikimedia Atlas of Montenegro</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/53296">Montenegro</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Montenegro_articles409" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Montenegro_topics" title="Template:Montenegro topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Montenegro_topics" title="Template talk:Montenegro topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Montenegro_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Montenegro topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Montenegro_articles409" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montenegro</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montenegro" title="History of Montenegro">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Roman period <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Praevalitana" title="Praevalitana">Praevalitana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a></li> <li>Zeta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_(crown_land)" title="Zeta (crown land)">under Nemanjići</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_under_the_Bal%C5%A1i%C4%87i" title="Zeta under the Balšići">under Balšići</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_under_the_Crnojevi%C4%87i" title="Zeta under the Crnojevići">under Crnojevići</a></li></ul></li> <li>Venetian period <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Albania" title="Venetian Albania">Venetian Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li>French period <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ottoman period <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Montenegro" title="Sanjak of Montenegro">Sanjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegro Vilayet">Vilayet</a></li></ul></li> <li>Austrian period <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Province" title="Venetian Province">Venetian Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dalmatia" title="Kingdom of Dalmatia">Kingdom of Dalmatia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Montenegro" title="Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro">Prince-Bishopric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Montenegro" title="Principality of Montenegro">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Kingdom <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910–18)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_Banovina" title="Zeta Banovina">Zeta Banovina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_governorate_of_Montenegro" title="Italian governorate of Montenegro">Italian governorate of Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupied_territory_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupied territory of Montenegro">German occupied territory of Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Anti-Fascist_Assembly_of_National_Liberation" title="Montenegrin Anti-Fascist Assembly of National Liberation">CASNO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFR_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="SFR Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Montenegro" title="Socialist Republic of Montenegro">Socialist Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Montenegro_(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Montenegro (1992–2006)">Federal Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Montenegrin_independence_referendum" title="2006 Montenegrin independence referendum">2006 independence referendum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Montenegro" title="Geography of Montenegro">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Montenegro" title="List of cities in Montenegro">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Montenegro#Statistics" title="Geography of Montenegro">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Montenegro" title="List of islands of Montenegro">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Montenegro" title="List of lakes of Montenegro">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Montenegro" title="List of mountains in Montenegro">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Montenegro" title="List of national parks of Montenegro">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_regions_of_Montenegro" title="Statistical regions of Montenegro">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Montenegro" title="List of rivers of Montenegro">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Montenegro" title="Politics of Montenegro">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Montenegro" title="Constitution of Montenegro">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Montenegro" title="Elections in Montenegro">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Montenegro" title="Foreign relations of Montenegro">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Montenegro" title="Armed Forces of Montenegro">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Montenegro" title="Municipalities of Montenegro">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Montenegro" title="Government of Montenegro">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Montenegro" title="President of Montenegro">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Montenegro" title="List of heads of state of Montenegro">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Montenegro" title="Parliament of Montenegro">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Parliament_of_Montenegro" title="President of the Parliament of Montenegro">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Montenegro" title="List of political parties in Montenegro">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency_(Montenegro)" title="National Security Agency (Montenegro)">Intelligence agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Montenegro">Law enforcement</a></li> <li>Human rights <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Montenegro" title="Freedom of religion in Montenegro">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Montenegro">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Montenegro" title="Economy of Montenegro">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Montenegro" title="Central Bank of Montenegro">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Montenegro" title="List of companies of Montenegro">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Montenegro" title="Economy of Montenegro">Economy of Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Montenegro" title="Telecommunications in Montenegro">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_network_operators_of_Europe#Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mobile network operators of Europe">Mobile network operators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Montenegro" title="Tourism in Montenegro">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Montenegro" title="Transport in Montenegro">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Montenegro" title="Rail transport in Montenegro">Rail</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Montenegro" title="Category:Society of Montenegro">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Montenegro" title="Crime in Montenegro">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Montenegro" title="Demographics of Montenegro">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Montenegro" title="Education in Montenegro">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Montenegro" title="Languages of Montenegro">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrins" title="Montenegrins">Montenegrins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Montenegrins" title="List of Montenegrins">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Montenegro" title="Culture of Montenegro">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Montenegro" title="Architecture of Montenegro">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Montenegro">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_wine" title="Montenegrin wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_folklore" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegrin folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Montenegro">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Montenegro">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Montenegro">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_News_Agency" title="Montenegrin News Agency">News Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Montenegro" title="List of newspapers in Montenegro">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Montenegro" title="Television in Montenegro">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio in Montenegro">Radio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Montenegro" title="Religion in Montenegro">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Montenegro" title="Sport in Montenegro">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Montenegro" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Montenegro">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Montenegro" title="National symbols of Montenegro">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oj,_svijetla_majska_zoro" title="Oj, svijetla majska zoro">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro" title="Coat of arms of Montenegro">Coat of arms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Montenegro" title="Armorial of Montenegro">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Montenegro" title="Flag of Montenegro">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Montenegro" title="List of flags of Montenegro">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Montenegro">Name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Montenegro" title="Outline of Montenegro">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Montenegro" title="Category:Montenegro">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe1244" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this 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title="Armenia">Armenia</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a><sup>4</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent<br />territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a><sup>3</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a><sup>2</sup> (Sovereign Base Areas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Special areas<br />of internal<br />sovereignty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous region</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_convention" title="Åland convention">Åland convention</a> of 1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated area</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Svalbard_Treaty" title="Svalbard Treaty">Svalbard Treaty</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">country of the United Kingdom</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">British-Irish Agreement</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.</li> <li><sup>2</sup> Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.</li> <li><sup>3</sup> <a href="/wiki/Island#Oceanic_islands" title="Island">Oceanic islands</a> within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.</li> <li><sup>4</sup> Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> which has sovereignty over Vatican City.</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Europe" title="Category:Europe">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_on_the_Balkan_Peninsula147" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Balkan_countries" title="Template:Balkan countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Balkan_countries" title="Template talk:Balkan countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Balkan_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Balkan countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_on_the_Balkan_Peninsula147" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries on the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographically fully located</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f6f6f6;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkan_topo_en.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Balkan_topo_en.jpg/100px-Balkan_topo_en.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Balkan_topo_en.jpg/150px-Balkan_topo_en.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Balkan_topo_en.jpg/200px-Balkan_topo_en.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="767" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Significantly located</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> (<a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greece#Mainland" title="Geography of Greece">mainland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Serbia" title="Central Serbia">Central Serbia</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partially located</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f6f6f6;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BiH" class="mw-redirect" title="BiH">BiH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mostly outside the peninsula</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinaridi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinaridi (page does not exist)">Dinaridi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenija" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenija">Slovenija</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinaridi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinaridi (page does not exist)">Dinaridi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monfalcone" title="Monfalcone">Monfalcone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northern_Dobruja" title="Northern Dobruja">Northern Dobruja</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (<a href="/wiki/East_Thrace" title="East Thrace">East Thrace</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f6f6f6;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Balkans" title="Languages of the Balkans">Balkan languages</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Balkan_sprachbund" title="Balkan sprachbund">Sprachbund</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkanization" title="Balkanization">Balkanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Balkans" title="History of the Balkans">History of the Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Council_of_Europe106" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Council_of_Europe" title="Template:Council of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Council_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Council_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Council_of_Europe106" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Secretary General of the Council of Europe">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe">Committee of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Council_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the Council of Europe">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">Court of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Commissioner for Human Rights">Commissioner for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_for_the_Efficiency_of_Justice" title="European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice">Commission for the Efficiency of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_against_Racism_and_Intolerance" title="European Commission against Racism and Intolerance">Commission against Racism and Intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Commission" title="Venice Commission">Venice Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompidou_Group" title="Pompidou Group">Pompidou Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Member states of the Council of Europe">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Armenia in the Council of Europe">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Azerbaijan in the Council of Europe">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Greece in the Council of Europe">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Council of Europe–European Union relations">EU relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia (1991–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Russia in the Council of Europe">Russia (1996–2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saar_Protectorate" title="Saar Protectorate">Saar (assoc. 1950–1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Enlargement_and_partners_of_the_European_Union575" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Union_candidates" title="Template:European Union candidates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Union_candidates" title="Template talk:European Union candidates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Union_candidates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Union candidates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Enlargement_and_partners_of_the_European_Union575" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Enlargement</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">partners</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Union#Historical_enlargements" title="Enlargement of the European Union">Previous enlargements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1973_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1973 enlargement of the European Communities">1973</a> (<a href="/wiki/1972_Danish_European_Communities_membership_referendum" title="1972 Danish European Communities membership referendum">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Third Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/1975_United_Kingdom_European_Communities_membership_referendum" title="1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum">United Kingdom</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1981_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1981 enlargement of the European Communities">1981</a> (Greece)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1986_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1986 enlargement of the European Communities">1986</a> (Portugal, Spain)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1995_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="1995 enlargement of the European Union">1995</a> (<a href="/wiki/1994_Austrian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="1994 Austrian European Union membership referendum">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/1994_Finnish_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="1994 Finnish European Union membership referendum">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/1994_Swedish_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="1994 Swedish European Union membership referendum">Sweden</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">2004</a> (Cyprus, <a href="/wiki/2003_Czech_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Czech European Union membership referendum">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_Estonian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Estonian European Union membership referendum">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_Hungarian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Hungarian European Union membership referendum">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_Latvian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Latvian European Union membership referendum">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_Lithuanian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Lithuanian European Union membership referendum">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_Maltese_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Maltese European Union membership referendum">Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_Polish_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Polish European Union membership referendum">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_Slovak_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2003 Slovak European Union membership referendum">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/2003_Slovenian_European_Union_and_NATO_membership_referendum" title="2003 Slovenian European Union and NATO membership referendum">Slovenia</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2007 enlargement of the European Union">2007</a> (Bulgaria, Romania)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2013 enlargement of the European Union">2013</a> (<a href="/wiki/2012_Croatian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2012 Croatian European Union membership referendum">Croatia</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Statistics_relating_to_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Statistics relating to enlargement of the European Union">Statistics</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union#Western_Balkans" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Negotiating</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acquis_communautaire#Chapters" title="Acquis communautaire">Screened</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">status</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montenegro</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Montenegro to the European Union">status</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">status</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Moldova–European Union relations">relations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_North_Macedonia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union">status</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">status</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">status</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">relations</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-negotiations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union">status</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Georgia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Georgia to the European Union">status</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Georgia–European Union relations">relations</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union#Turkey" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Suspended negotiations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">status</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="European Union–Turkey relations">relations</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Potential candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">status</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Neighbourhood_Policy" title="European Neighbourhood Policy">Partnerships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Partnership" title="Eastern Partnership">Eastern Partnership</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Armenia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Armenia to the European Union">status</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Armenia–European Union relations">relations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Azerbaijan–European Union relations">relations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> (<i>suspended</i>)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Belarus–European Union relations">relations</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Dimension" title="Northern Dimension">Northern Dimension</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iceland–European Union relations">relations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Norway–European Union relations">relations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Russia–European Union relations">relations</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">Customs union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andorra%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Andorra–European Union relations">relations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Monaco–European Union relations">relations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/20px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/31px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/40px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/San_Marino%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="San Marino–European Union relations">relations</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union free trade agreements">Free trade agreements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Liechtenstein–European Union relations">relations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Switzerland–European Union relations">relations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="United Kingdom–European Union relations">relations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93UK_Trade_and_Cooperation_Agreement" title="EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement">Trade and Cooperation Agreement</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other geographically<br />European countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Kazakhstan–European Union relations">relations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Holy See–European Union relations">relations</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Current membership</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_criteria" title="Copenhagen criteria">Criteria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawal</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe_(OSCE)248" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:OSCE" title="Template:OSCE"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:OSCE" title="Template talk:OSCE"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:OSCE" title="Special:EditPage/Template:OSCE"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe_(OSCE)248" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partners for <br /> Cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations: OSCE-participating States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93OSCE_relations" title="Armenia–OSCE relations">Armenia–OSCE relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93OSCE_relations" title="Azerbaijan–OSCE relations">Azerbaijan–OSCE relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Italy_to_OSCE" title="List of ambassadors of Italy to OSCE">List of ambassadors of Italy to OSCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomats_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_the_OSCE" title="List of diplomats of the United Kingdom to the OSCE">List of diplomats of the United Kingdom to the OSCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mission_to_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Cooperation_in_Europe" title="United States Mission to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe">United States Mission to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies and posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Conciliation_and_Arbitration" title="Court of Conciliation and Arbitration">Court of Conciliation and Arbitration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Democratic_Institutions_and_Human_Rights" title="Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights">Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_on_National_Minorities" title="High Commissioner on National Minorities">Commissioner on National Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Representative_on_Freedom_of_the_Media" title="OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media">Representative on Freedom of the Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Minsk_Group" title="OSCE Minsk Group">OSCE Minsk Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active field missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Presence_in_Albania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Presence in Albania (page does not exist)">Presence in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Mission_in_Kosovo" title="OSCE Mission in Kosovo">Mission in Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Montenegro (page does not exist)">Mission to Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Moldova (page does not exist)">Mission to Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Serbia (page does not exist)">Mission to Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Skopje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Skopje (page does not exist)">Mission to Skopje</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Centre_in_Ashgabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Centre in Ashgabat (page does not exist)">Centre in Ashgabat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Programme_Office_in_Astana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Programme Office in Astana (page does not exist)">Programme Office in Astana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Programme_Office_in_Bishkek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Programme Office in Bishkek (page does not exist)">Programme Office in Bishkek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Programme_Office_in_Dushanbe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe (page does not exist)">Programme Office in Dushanbe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Project_Co-ordinator_in_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_Representatives_of_the_OSCE_Chairperson-in-Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Personal Representatives of the OSCE Chairperson-in-Office (page does not exist)">Personal Representatives of the OSCE Chairperson-in-Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former field missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Needs_Assessment_Team_in_Armenia" title="OSCE Needs Assessment Team in Armenia">Needs Assessment Team in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Mission_to_Croatia" title="OSCE Mission to Croatia">Mission to Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Verification_Mission" title="Kosovo Verification Mission">Kosovo Verification Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Security_Initiative" title="Community Security Initiative">Community Security Initiative in Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Special_Monitoring_Mission_to_Ukraine" title="OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine">Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 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.navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_countries-vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/21px-P_countries-vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/32px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2677" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2677" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/149551124">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1692600/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJm9dXTG9WchcYg4DBm8G3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4040163-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81032743">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11986624m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11986624m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01072580">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36590306">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Černá Hora"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134642&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4575551">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA13051977?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/6654b427-8e76-44a1-aba3-807438b9f3c1">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/oY22ffA7">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/259424919">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/041011">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046442">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Montenegro&params=42_30_N_19_18_E_type:country"><span 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[\"CITEREFWorld_Intellectual_Property_Organization2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZlatar2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFĐokić2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFŠestović\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Balkan countries\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite EPD\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 16,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 31,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 71,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 16,\n [\"Coord\"] = 2,\n [\"Council of Europe\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 3,\n [\"European Union candidates\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 5,\n [\"Increase\"] = 4,\n [\"IncreaseNeutral\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox country\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 6,\n [\"Lang-cnr-Latn-Cyrl\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 3,\n [\"Main\"] = 25,\n [\"Map caption\"] = 1,\n [\"Montenegro topics\"] = 1,\n [\"More citations needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 8,\n [\"Native name\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 2,\n [\"OSCE\"] = 1,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Pipe\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-vandalism\"] = 1,\n [\"Prime\"] = 1,\n [\"Prose\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Resize\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 1,\n [\"Sovereign states of Europe\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list/end\"] = 1,\n [\"Ublist\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 6,\n [\"Wikiatlas\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\nno target: CITEREFPopeWhealRobbins2003\nno target: 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