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navChapter"> <a href="/en/wol/binav/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56" class="spriteLink ellipsized"><span class="icon"></span>Titus 1</a> </li> <li class="resultDocumentPubTitle"> New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (Study Edition) </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="studyPaneToggle"><span class="icon"></span></div> <div class="chrome forwardBackNavControls resultNavControls "><ul><li class="resultNavLeft disabled"><span class="resultsNavDocumentLink"><span class="icon"></span></span></li><li class="resultNavRight "><a class="resultsNavDocumentLink" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/2"><span class="icon"></span></a></li></ul></div> <div class="navPosition hidden showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr"> <div class="scrollPositionDisplay"></div> </div> </div> <div id="playerwrapper" class="hidden headerPosition"></div> </div> <div id="regionMain" class="unified navLeft showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr hasStudyPane showStudy hasSecondaryNav" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr" > <div id="videoWrapperContainer" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr"> <div id="videoWrapper" class="hidden headerPosition constrainedHeight hasStudyPane showStudy hasSecondaryNav showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr"> <div class="topShadow"></div> <div class="videoNoticeContainer"> <p class="noticeText noMarkerNotice">No video available for this selection.</p> <p class="noticeText videoErrorNotice">Sorry, there was an error loading the video.</p> </div> <div id="playerShared" class="uninitialized"></div> </div> </div> <div id="study" class="clearfix activePane jwac showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr"> <div id="studyWrapper"> <div class="navigationTabsContainer"> <ul class="navigationTabs"> <li class="active tabItem discover" data-related-content="studyDiscover" aria-label="discover"> <span class="icon"></span> </li> <li class="tabItem parallel" data-related-content="studyParallel" aria-label="parallel"> <span class="icon"></span> </li> <li class="tabItem marginal" data-related-content="studyMarginals" aria-label="marginal"> <span class="icon"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="navigationContents"> <div id="studyDiscover" class="studyPane active tabContent"> <div class="section"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui"><strong>Overview of Titus</strong></span></h3><div class="summaryOverview"><ul class="content"><li class='scalableui'><div class="overview chapterOnly"> <ul class="outline"><li class="L1"><p class="se"><span class="itemLabel"><strong>A.</strong> </span><strong>INTRODUCTORY GREETING (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1#h=2:0-4:0"><strong>1:1-4</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p></li><li class="L1 collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><p class="se title"><span class="itemLabel"><strong>B.</strong></span> <strong>INSTRUCTIONS REGARDING TITUS’ MINISTRY IN CRETE (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1#h=4:0-7:0"><strong>1:5-16</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><span class="icon"></span></div><ul><li class="L2"><p class="s5">Titus to appoint elders in city after city; list of elders’ qualifications (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1#h=4:0-5:0">1:5-9</a>)</p></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5">Titus to reprove rebellious ones “with severity” (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1#h=5:0-7:0">1:10-16</a>)</p></li></ul></li></ul></div> </li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">To Titus</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="studyNote item"><span class="scalableui"><p id="p4" data-pid="4" class="s5"><strong>To Titus:</strong> Titles such as this were apparently not part of the original text. Ancient manuscripts show that the titles were added later, doubtless to make it easier to identify the Bible books. For example, the well-known manuscript Codex Sinaiticus of the fourth century C.E. contains the title “To Titus” at the end of the letter. Other early manuscripts use variations of this title.</p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="56-1-1" data-section-citation="056001001056001001"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:1</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p6" data-pid="6" class="s5"><strong>Paul:</strong> Or “From Paul.” Paul’s opening, which continues through verse 4, follows a style common in ancient letters. Such letters would typically name the sender and the intended recipient(s) and then include a greeting. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/1/0" data-bid="2-1" class="b">Tit 1:4</a>) In this letter, Paul’s introduction is unusually long (in Greek, one long sentence extends from <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/2/0" data-bid="3-1" class="b">verse 1 into verse 4</a>). Paul not only names himself but also describes his apostleship and his preaching. Even though Paul addresses this letter to an individual—his coworker Titus—the apostle may have used this longer, more formal introduction because he intended that the letter be read to others as well.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/0/0">study note on Tit 3:15</a>; compare <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/1/0">study note on Ro 1:1</a>.</p> <p id="p7" data-pid="7" class="s5"><strong>a slave of God:</strong> Even though a slave occupied the lowest position in society, this phrase does not devalue the person it describes. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/2/0">study note on 1Th 1:9</a>.) In fact, Paul, a faithful Christian, considered it an honor to be a lowly servant of the Most High God and of his Son. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/3/0">study note on Ro 1:1</a>.) Jesus’ half brother James similarly described himself as “a slave of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/3/0" data-bid="4-1" class="b">Jas 1:1</a>; compare <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/4/0" data-bid="5-1" class="b">1Pe 2:16;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/4/1" data-bid="5-2" class="b"> Re 7:3</a>.) And Mary responded to an assignment from Jehovah’s angel with the words: “Look! Jehovah’s slave girl!”—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/4/0">study note on Lu 1:38</a>.</p> <p id="p8" data-pid="8" class="s5"><strong>an apostle:</strong> See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/5/0">study note on Ro 1:1</a>.</p> <p id="p9" data-pid="9" class="s5"><strong>the accurate knowledge of the truth:</strong> Paul here links accurate knowledge with godly devotion and with hope.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/5/0" data-bid="6-1" class="b">Tit 1:2;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/5/1" data-bid="6-2" class="b"> 2:11, 12</a>; for a discussion of the Greek term here rendered “accurate knowledge,” see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/6/0">study note on Eph 4:13</a>.</p> <p id="p10" data-pid="10" class="s5"><strong>godly devotion:</strong> See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/7/0">study note on 1Ti 4:7</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group media"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Media</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="scalableui item hasVideo"><div class="clearfix"><a class="galleryItem" href="/en/wol/gallery/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1001072303#chapter=1"><img class="studyItemMedia" src="/en/wol/gallery/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1001072303/thumbnail" data-img-large-src="/en/wol/mp/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/2024/970" ><span class="caption"><p>Video Introduction to the Book of Titus</p> </span></a></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p2" data-pid="2" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/0/0">w62 382</a></p> <p id="p3" data-pid="3" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="56-1-2" data-section-citation="056001002056001002"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:2</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p12" data-pid="12" class="s5"><strong>a hope of the everlasting life . . . promised long ago:</strong> Paul here speaks of a divine promise made “long ago.” (Compare <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/8/0">study note on 2Ti 1:9</a>.) He may be referring to the time when Jehovah first purposed that humans enjoy “everlasting life” on earth. Or he may be referring to the time when Jehovah first revealed his purpose for humans. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/7/0" data-bid="8-1" class="b">Ge 1:27, 28;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/7/1" data-bid="8-2" class="b"> 2:17</a>) When God pronounced his sentence on the rebels in Eden, he did not change his original purpose. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/8/0" data-bid="9-1" class="b">Ps 37:29</a>) At that time, though, he foretold that a special “offspring” would crush Satan, and the Bible later shows that this “offspring” would include humans who would live forever in heaven. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/9/0" data-bid="10-1" class="b">Ge 3:15</a>; compare <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/10/0" data-bid="11-1" class="b">Da 7:13, 14,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/10/1" data-bid="11-2" class="b"> 27;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/10/2" data-bid="11-3" class="b"> Lu 22:28-30</a>.) Paul and other anointed Christians entertained such a heavenly “hope of the everlasting life.”—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/9/0">study note on Eph 3:11</a>.</p> <p id="p13" data-pid="13" class="s5"><strong>God, who cannot lie:</strong> To lie would violate the very nature of “Jehovah, the God of truth.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/11/0" data-bid="12-1" class="b">Ps 31:5</a>) All that Jehovah does, he carries out by means of his holy spirit, which Jesus referred to as “the spirit of the truth.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/12/0" data-bid="13-1" class="b">Joh 15:26;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/12/1" data-bid="13-2" class="b"> 16:13</a>) Jehovah is completely different from imperfect humans, for “God is not a mere man who tells lies.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/13/0" data-bid="14-1" class="b">Nu 23:19</a>) Further, Jehovah stands in contrast with Satan, who is “a liar and the father of the lie.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/14/0" data-bid="15-1" class="b">Joh 8:44</a>) Paul’s point: Because it is impossible for God to lie, his promises are completely trustworthy.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/15/0" data-bid="16-1" class="b">Heb 6:18</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/0" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-1"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 6:23</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-1" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/1" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-2"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Nu 23:19; Heb 6:18</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-2" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-2" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p2" data-pid="2" class="se"></p> <div id="p3" data-pid="3"><p data-pid="3" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/0/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="3" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/0/0">4/15/1999, p. 7</a></p> </div><p id="p4" data-pid="4" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p2" data-pid="2" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/0/0">w99 4/15 7;</a></p> <p id="p3" data-pid="3" class="sx"></p> <p id="p3" data-pid="3" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/1/0">w74 645;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/1/2"> w72 742;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/1/4"> w63 227,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/1/5"> 605;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/1/6"> w61 228</a></p> <p id="p4" data-pid="4" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="56-1-3" data-section-citation="056001003056001003"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:3</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p15" data-pid="15" class="s5"><strong>our Savior, God:</strong> See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/10/0">study note on 1Ti 1:1</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/2" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-3"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 9:15</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-3" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="56-1-4" data-section-citation="056001004056001004"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:4</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p17" data-pid="17" class="s5"><strong>Titus:</strong> A Greek Christian who worked closely with the apostle Paul. About 49 C.E., Paul took Titus with him to Jerusalem, where the circumcision issue was decided. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/18/0" data-bid="19-1" class="b">Ac 15:1, 2;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/18/1" data-bid="19-2" class="b"> Ga 2:3</a> and <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/11/0">study note</a>) A few years later (c. 55 C.E.), Paul sent him to Corinth to help collect relief funds for needy Christians in Judea and possibly to see how the Corinthian Christians had reacted to the apostle’s first letter. Comforted by Titus’ good report, Paul wrote his second letter to the Corinthians, and Titus apparently delivered that letter. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/19/0" data-bid="20-1" class="b">2Co 2:13</a> and <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/12/0">study note;</a> <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/20/0" data-bid="21-1" class="b">2Co 7:6, 7,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/20/1" data-bid="21-2" class="b"> 13-16;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/20/2" data-bid="21-3" class="b"> 8:1-6,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/20/3" data-bid="21-4" class="b"> 16, 17,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/20/4" data-bid="21-5" class="b"> 23;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/20/5" data-bid="21-6" class="b"> 12:17, 18</a>) Probably between 61 and 64 C.E., Paul left Titus in Crete to “correct the things that were defective and make appointments of elders.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/21/0" data-bid="22-1" class="b">Tit 1:5</a>) Paul later requested that Titus join him in Nicopolis. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/22/0" data-bid="23-1" class="b">Tit 3:12</a>) During Paul’s second imprisonment in Rome (c. 65 C.E.), Titus went to Dalmatia. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/13/0">study note on 2Ti 4:10</a>.) He likely did so with Paul’s approval; perhaps the apostle even directed him to go. Clearly, Titus was a faithful Christian, an asset to the congregations where he served, and a support to Paul.</p> <p id="p18" data-pid="18" class="s5"><strong>a genuine child:</strong> In his letters, Paul used this endearing expression only for Titus and Timothy. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/23/0" data-bid="24-1" class="b">1Ti 1:2</a> and <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/14/0">study note</a>) Paul might have introduced the good news directly to Titus. In any case, Paul considered Titus to be his spiritual child. They developed this special relationship by sharing in the ministry in behalf of the congregations. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/24/0" data-bid="25-1" class="b">2Co 8:23</a>) When Paul wrote this letter, he and Titus had known each other for at least 12 years.</p> <p id="p19" data-pid="19" class="s5"><strong>May you have undeserved kindness and peace:</strong> See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/15/0">study note on Ro 1:7</a>.</p> <p id="p20" data-pid="20" class="s5"><strong>Christ Jesus our Savior:</strong> In the preceding verse, God is called “our Savior.” Some therefore conclude that Jesus and God are one and the same. It is worth noting, though, that this verse mentions “God the Father” and “Christ Jesus our Savior” separately. Jesus is the one through whom God saves mankind from sin and death, so Jesus too can be referred to as “our Savior.” At <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/25/0" data-bid="26-1" class="b">Heb 2:10</a>, Paul calls Jesus “the Chief Agent of . . . salvation.” And the Bible writer Jude calls Jehovah “the only God our Savior through Jesus Christ our Lord,” showing that God and Christ cooperate together to bring about salvation. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/26/0" data-bid="27-1" class="b">Jude 25</a>) So Paul’s words offer no support for the idea that “Christ Jesus” and “God the Father” are one and the same.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/16/0">study note on 1Ti 1:1</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/3" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-4"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 2:13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-4" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-4" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p4" data-pid="4" class="se"></p> <div id="p5" data-pid="5"><p data-pid="5" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/1/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="5" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/1/0">11/15/1998, p. 29</a></p> </div><p id="p6" data-pid="6" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p3" data-pid="3" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/1/0">w98 11/15 29;</a></p> <p id="p4" data-pid="4" class="sx"></p> <p id="p4" data-pid="4" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/2/0">w83 2/1 13;</a><span class="ni"> g65 3/8 7</span></p> <p id="p5" data-pid="5" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="56-1-5" data-section-citation="056001005056001005"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:5</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p22" data-pid="22" class="s5"><strong>Crete:</strong> This is one of the larger islands in the Mediterranean and is located at the southern end of the Aegean Sea, about 100 km (62 mi) SE of mainland Greece. Crete is about 250 km (155 mi) long and 56 km (35 mi) wide at its broadest point. The apostle Paul passed by the island on his way to Rome for his first trial. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/28/0" data-bid="29-1" class="b">Ac 27:7-9,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/28/1" data-bid="29-2" class="b"> 12, 13,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/28/2" data-bid="29-3" class="b"> 21</a>) It seems that after his first imprisonment in Rome, Paul returned to Crete, this time to engage in the ministry. On departing, he left Titus to continue the work.—See <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/1">App. B13</a>; Media Gallery, “<a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/2">Acts of Apostles—Paul’s Trip to Rome and His First Imprisonment There</a>”; “<a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/3">Paul’s Journeys After c. 61 C.E.</a>”</p> <p id="p23" data-pid="23" class="s5"><strong>so that you would correct:</strong> When Paul left Crete, he entrusted Titus with a challenging assignment. Titus was to correct, or set straight, <strong>the things that were defective,</strong> or deficient, in the Cretan congregations. There was much important work yet to be done there, as indicated by the content of this letter. Paul’s instructions included directions on how to deal properly with those who refused to cooperate, who undermined Titus’ loving direction, or who even promoted sects.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/29/0" data-bid="30-1" class="b">Tit 1:9;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/29/1" data-bid="30-2" class="b"> 2:15;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/29/2" data-bid="30-3" class="b"> 3:10, 11</a>.</p> <p id="p24" data-pid="24" class="s5"><strong>make appointments of elders:</strong> These words show that Paul had directed Titus to assign or authorize men to take the lead within each congregation. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/30/0" data-bid="31-1" class="b">Heb 13:7,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/30/1" data-bid="31-2" class="b"> 17</a>) To be appointed as elders, Christian men had to meet the qualifications that Jehovah inspired Paul to list in the following verses. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/31/0" data-bid="32-1" class="b">Tit 1:6-9</a>; see also <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/32/0" data-bid="33-1" class="b">1Ti 3:1-7</a>.) Titus, as well as other traveling overseers—such as Paul, Barnabas, and apparently Timothy—was authorized to appoint elders in various congregations.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/17/0">study note on Ac 14:23</a>.</p> <p id="p25" data-pid="25" class="s5"><strong>in city after city:</strong> In ancient times, Crete was famous for its many cities. In fact, centuries before Paul’s day, the Greek author Homer poetically wrote about “Crete of the hundred cities.” (<em>The Iliad,</em> II, 649) The exact number of cities and towns on the island in the first century C.E. is unknown. With the expression “in city after city,” Paul means that Titus was to travel throughout the island and appoint elders in the congregations to teach and shepherd the Christians.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/33/0" data-bid="34-1" class="b">Tit 1:6-9</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group media"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Media</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="scalableui item"><div class="clearfix"><a class="galleryItem" href="/en/wol/gallery/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1001072305#chapter=1"><img class="studyItemMedia" src="/en/wol/gallery/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1001072305/thumbnail" data-img-large-src="/en/wol/mp/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/2024/971" ><span class="caption"><p>Titus on His Way to Appoint Elders in City After City</p> </span></a></div></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/4" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-5"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 2:5, 11</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-5" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-5" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p6" data-pid="6" class="se"></p> <p id="p7" data-pid="7" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/2/0"><em>Bearing Witness,</em> p. 166</a></p> <p id="p8" data-pid="8" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/3/0"><em>Organized,</em> pp. 32-33</a></p> <div id="p9" data-pid="9"><p data-pid="9" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/4/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="9" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/4/0">10/15/2007, p. 25</a></p><p data-pid="9" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/5/0">1/15/2001, pp. 15-16</a></p> </div><p id="p10" data-pid="10" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p4" data-pid="4" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/2/0">bt 166;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/2/2"> od 32-33;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/2/5"> w07 10/15 25;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/2/7"> w01 1/15 15-16;</a></p> <p id="p5" data-pid="5" class="sx"></p> <p id="p5" data-pid="5" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/3/0">w85 7/1 30;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/3/2"> w84 7/15 13;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/3/4"> w83 2/1 13-14;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/3/6"> g76 9/8 27;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/3/8"> w73 469;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/3/10"> w72 19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/3/12"> yb72 10-12,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/3/14"> 26;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/3/16"> w71 689,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/3/18"> 691,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/3/20"> 695;</a><span class="ni"> li 180;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/3/23"> w63 142;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/3/24"> w62 650;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/3/25"> w61 368;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/3/26"> w59 442;</a><span class="ni"> yw 161;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/3/28"> w57 371;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/3/29"> w55 264;</a><span class="ni"> w44 314;</span><span class="ni"> w38 168,</span><span class="ni"> 170;</span><span class="ni"> w32 247</span></p> <p id="p6" data-pid="6" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="56-1-6" data-section-citation="056001006056001006"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:6</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p27" data-pid="27" class="s5"><strong>free from accusation:</strong> Similar expressions are found in Paul’s first letter to Timothy.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/35/0" data-bid="36-1" class="b">1Ti 3:10</a>; see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/18/0">study note on 1Ti 3:2</a>.</p> <p id="p28" data-pid="28" class="s5"><strong>a husband of one wife:</strong> See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/19/0">study note on 1Ti 3:2</a>.</p> <p id="p29" data-pid="29" class="s5"><strong>having believing children:</strong> A Christian man must lead his family properly if he is to serve as an elder. Paul said something similar at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/36/0" data-bid="37-1" class="b">1Ti 3:4</a>. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/20/0">study note</a>.) Here, though, he adds that an elder’s children should be “believing.” Paul does not imply that a Christian father must force his children to become believers; that would contradict Scriptural principles involving freedom of choice. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/37/0" data-bid="38-1" class="b">De 30:15, 16,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/37/1" data-bid="38-2" class="b"> 19</a>) Rather, in order to qualify as an elder, a Christian father must give evidence that he has done all he reasonably can to help his children become believers. He would carefully follow Jehovah’s direction to fathers on how to rear children.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/38/0" data-bid="39-1" class="b">De 6:6, 7</a>; see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/21/0">study notes on Eph 6:4;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/22/0"> Col 3:21</a>.</p> <p id="p30" data-pid="30" class="s5"><strong>debauchery:</strong> The Greek word rendered “debauchery” may also be translated “wildness.” It often refers to an extravagant, wasteful, and immoral way of living. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/39/0" data-bid="40-1" class="b">1Pe 4:4</a>) A related Greek word appears in Jesus’ parable of the wayward son who left home to live “a debauched life,” which included squandering his inheritance on prostitutes.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/40/0" data-bid="41-1" class="b">Lu 15:13</a> and <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/23/0">study note,</a> <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/41/0" data-bid="42-1" class="b">30</a>.</p> <p id="p31" data-pid="31" class="s5"><strong>rebelliousness:</strong> One lexicon defines the Greek word Paul uses here as “refusing submission to authority, undisciplined, disobedient.” A Christian man who allows his children to be rebellious and uncontrollable would not qualify to be an overseer.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/5" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-6"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Ti 3:10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-6" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-6" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/6" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-7"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Ti 3:2-7</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-7" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-7" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p10" data-pid="10" class="se"></p> <p id="p11" data-pid="11" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/6/0"><em>Organized,</em> pp. 32-34</a></p> <div id="p12" data-pid="12"><p data-pid="12" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/7/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="12" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/7/0">10/15/1996, pp. 15,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/8/0"> 21</a></p><p data-pid="12" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/9/0">5/15/1993, pp. 17-19</a></p><p data-pid="12" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/10/0">9/1/1990, pp. 24-25</a></p><p data-pid="12" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/11/0">2/15/1989, p. 29</a></p> </div><p id="p13" data-pid="13" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p5" data-pid="5" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/3/0">od 32-34;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/3/4"> w96 10/15 15,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/3/6"> 21;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/3/8"> w93 5/15 17-19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/3/10"> w90 9/1 24-25;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/3/12"> w89 2/15 29;</a><span class="ni"> om 31,</span><span class="ni"> 33-34;</span></p> <p id="p6" data-pid="6" class="sx"></p> <p id="p6" data-pid="6" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/4/0">w84 5/15 30-31;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/4/2"> w83 9/1 23-24;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/4/4"> w78 2/1 31;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/4/6"> w73 470-471;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/4/9"> w72 126,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/4/12"> 597;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/4/14"> w62 186,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/4/15"> 368;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/4/16"> w61 182;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/4/17"> w51 235</a></p> <p id="p7" data-pid="7" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="56-1-7" data-section-citation="056001007056001007"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:7</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p33" data-pid="33" class="s5"><strong>as God’s steward:</strong> Here Paul describes “an overseer” in the congregation as a “steward,” or a house manager. The term “steward” refers to someone who manages, or supervises, his master’s property and cares for those who belong to the household. Paul called the Christian congregation “God’s household” in his first letter to Timothy, where qualifications for overseers are likewise listed. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/43/0" data-bid="44-1" class="b">1Ti 3:15</a>) By describing an overseer as “God’s steward,” Paul highlights an elder’s role in serving those who belong to that household. His work includes taking the lead in teaching both inside and outside the congregation. Such stewards are accountable to their master, God, for how they handle their responsibility.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/24/0">study notes on Lu 12:42;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/25/0"> 1Co 4:1</a>.</p> <p id="p34" data-pid="34" class="s5"><strong>must be free from accusation:</strong> See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/26/0">study note on 1Ti 3:2</a>.</p> <p id="p35" data-pid="35" class="s5"><strong>self-willed:</strong> Or “self-pleasing; arrogant.” A self-willed person is determined to have his way. He stubbornly clings to his own opinion and refuses to consider the views of others. Such an attitude would likely cause him to be uncooperative and insensitive to the feelings of others. If such a man were to be appointed as an elder, he could cause much harm to the congregation.—Compare <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/27/0">study note on 1Ti 3:3</a>.</p> <p id="p36" data-pid="36" class="s5"><strong>quick-tempered:</strong> Or “prone to anger; irritable.” A quick-tempered person is easily provoked. He fails to control his temper, and by frequently responding angrily, he creates a hostile atmosphere, resulting in much harm. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/44/0" data-bid="45-1" class="b">Pr 15:18;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/44/1" data-bid="45-2" class="b"> 22:24;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/44/2" data-bid="45-3" class="b"> 25:28;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/44/3" data-bid="45-4" class="b"> 29:22</a>) By contrast, a man who qualifies as an elder is “reasonable, not quarrelsome.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/45/0" data-bid="46-1" class="b">1Ti 3:3</a>) He imitates Jehovah, who is “slow to anger.”—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/46/0" data-bid="47-1" class="b">Ex 34:6;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/46/1" data-bid="47-2" class="b"> Ps 86:15</a>.</p> <p id="p37" data-pid="37" class="s5"><strong>not violent:</strong> See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/28/0">study note on 1Ti 3:3</a>.</p> <p id="p38" data-pid="38" class="s5"><strong>greedy of dishonest gain:</strong> See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/29/0">study note on 1Ti 3:8</a>, where Paul uses the same Greek word; see also <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/30/0">study note on 1Ti 3:3</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/7" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-8"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Pe 2:10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-8" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-8" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/8" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-9"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Jas 1:19</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-9" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-9" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/9" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-10"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 18:21</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-10" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-10" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p13" data-pid="13" class="se"></p> <p id="p14" data-pid="14" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/12/0"><em>Organized,</em> pp. 32-33,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/13/0"> 34-36</a></p> <p id="p15" data-pid="15" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/14/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 893</a></p> <div id="p16" data-pid="16"><p data-pid="16" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/15/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="16" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/15/0">12/15/2012, p. 10</a></p><p data-pid="16" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/16/0">10/15/1996, p. 15</a></p><p data-pid="16" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/17/0">7/1/1996, p. 7</a></p><p data-pid="16" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/18/0">9/1/1990, pp. 24,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/19/0"> 25-26,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/20/0"> 27-28</a></p> </div><div id="p17" data-pid="17"><p data-pid="17" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/21/0"><em>Awake!,</em></a></p><p data-pid="17" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/21/0">5/8/1992, pp. 26-27</a></p> </div><p id="p18" data-pid="18" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p6" data-pid="6" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/4/0">od 32-33,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/4/3"> 35-36;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/4/6"> it-2 893;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/4/8"> w12 12/15 10;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/4/10"> w96 7/1 7;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/4/12"> w96 10/15 15;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/4/14"> g92 5/8 26-27;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/4/16"> w90 9/1 24-28;</a><span class="ni"> om 31,</span><span class="ni"> 33-36;</span></p> <p id="p7" data-pid="7" class="sx"></p> <p id="p7" data-pid="7" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/5/0">w83 9/1 24;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/5/2"> w75 725-726;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/5/4"> w74 531;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/5/6"> w73 470-471,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/5/9"> 473;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/5/11"> w72 9,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/5/13"> 581;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/5/15"> yb72 10-12;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/5/17"> w71 689;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/5/20"> w67 401;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/5/21"> w66 362;</a><span class="ni"> g63 1/22 8;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/5/23"> w62 632;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/5/24"> w60 77,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/5/25"> 146;</a><span class="ni"> w44 314</span></p> <p id="p8" data-pid="8" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="56-1-8" data-section-citation="056001008056001008"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:8</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p40" data-pid="40" class="s5"><strong>but hospitable:</strong> By using the word “but,” Paul signals a contrast; he shifts from the negative traits that would disqualify a man from serving as an elder to the positive qualities that an elder needs. Paul thus shows that for a man to qualify as an elder, it is not enough for him to avoid bad traits; he must also set an example by cultivating such virtues as hospitality.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/31/0">study note on 1Ti 3:2</a>.</p> <p id="p41" data-pid="41" class="s5"><strong>a lover of goodness:</strong> Such a person loves all that Jehovah considers to be good. A lover of goodness sees, appreciates, and commends the good in others. He also delights in doing good for others, even going beyond what is required of him.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/48/0" data-bid="49-1" class="b">Mt 20:4,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/48/1" data-bid="49-2" class="b"> 13-15;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/48/2" data-bid="49-3" class="b"> Ac 9:36;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/48/3" data-bid="49-4" class="b"> 1Ti 6:18</a>; see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/32/0">study note on Ga 5:22</a>.</p> <p id="p42" data-pid="42" class="s5"><strong>sound in mind:</strong> See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/33/0">study note on 1Ti 3:2</a>.</p> <p id="p43" data-pid="43" class="s5"><strong>loyal:</strong> An overseer who is loyal is unbreakably devoted to Jehovah and faithfully adheres to the principles found in God’s Word. He resolutely stands by his fellow worshippers in times of trial and persecution. Although the Greek word here used can convey the idea of being “holy” or “devout” (as some translations render it), the rendering “loyal” is well-supported. For example, this Greek word often appears in the <em>Septuagint</em> to render a Hebrew word meaning “loyal” or “loyal one.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/49/0" data-bid="50-1" class="b">2Sa 22:26;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/49/1" data-bid="50-2" class="b"> Ps 18:25;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/49/2" data-bid="50-3" class="b"> 97:10</a>) In fact, one reference work says that the Greek word describes “the man who is loyal to God.”—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/34/0">study note on 1Ti 2:8</a>.</p> <p id="p44" data-pid="44" class="s5"><strong>self-controlled:</strong> See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/35/0">study note on Ga 5:23</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/10" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-11"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Heb 13:2; Jas 2:15, 16; 1Pe 4:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-11" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-11" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/11" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-12"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 12:3; 1Ti 3:2</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-12" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-12" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/12" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-13"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Ti 2:8</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-13" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-13" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/13" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-14"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Ti 2:24; Jas 3:13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-14" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-14" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p18" data-pid="18" class="se"></p> <p id="p19" data-pid="19" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/22/0"><em>Organized,</em> pp. 32-33,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/23/0"> 34-36</a></p> <div id="p20" data-pid="20"><p data-pid="20" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/24/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="20" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/24/0">1/1/1997, p. 29</a></p><p data-pid="20" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/25/0">11/15/1991, pp. 19-23</a></p><p data-pid="20" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/26/0">9/1/1990, pp. 27-28</a></p><p data-pid="20" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/27/0">8/15/1990, pp. 12-13</a></p> </div><p id="p21" data-pid="21" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p7" data-pid="7" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/5/0">od 32-33,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/5/3"> 35-36;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/5/7"> w97 1/1 29;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/5/9"> w91 11/15 19-23;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/5/11"> w90 8/15 12;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/5/13"> w90 9/1 27-28;</a><span class="ni"> om 31,</span><span class="ni"> 34-36;</span></p> <p id="p8" data-pid="8" class="sx"></p> <p id="p8" data-pid="8" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/6/0">w83 2/1 14;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/6/2"> w83 9/1 24;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/6/4"> w73 472;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/6/6"> w73 569;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/6/8"> w67 401;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/6/9"> w60 77,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/6/10"> 146,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/6/11"> 365</a></p> <p id="p9" data-pid="9" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="56-1-9" data-section-citation="056001009056001009"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:9</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p46" data-pid="46" class="s5"><strong>holding firmly to the faithful word:</strong> An elder would adhere to God’s word by the way he teaches and by the way he lives. When teaching before the congregation, he relies, not on his own ideas, experience, or abilities as a speaker, but on “the faithful word,” or “the trustworthy message,” contained in the Scriptures. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/51/0" data-bid="52-1" class="b">1Co 4:6</a> and <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/36/0">study note</a>) In this way, he reaches hearts and motivates his listeners to love and serve Jehovah. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/52/0" data-bid="53-1" class="b">Heb 4:12</a>) Further, by living according to the Scriptural principles he teaches, he avoids any taint of hypocrisy. An elder who holds to this standard helps the congregation remain unified, so that it serves as “a pillar and support of the truth.”—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/37/0">study notes on 1Ti 3:2,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/38/0"> 15</a>.</p> <p id="p47" data-pid="47" class="s5"><strong>his art of teaching:</strong> See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/39/0">study note on 2Ti 4:2</a>.</p> <p id="p48" data-pid="48" class="s5"><strong>encourage:</strong> Or “exhort.”—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/40/0">study note on Ro 12:8</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group footnote"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Footnotes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item footnote" data-extract-id="verseFootnote-1"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">*</span></span><span class="scalableui"><p id="p19" data-pid="19">Or “healthful; beneficial.”</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/14" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-15"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Ti 4:16; 6:3, 4; Jas 3:1</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-15" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-15" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/15" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-16"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Ti 1:9, 10; 2Ti 1:13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-16" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-16" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/16" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-17"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Ti 5:20; 2Ti 4:2; Tit 1:13; Re 3:19</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-17" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-17" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p21" data-pid="21" class="se"></p> <p id="p22" data-pid="22" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/28/0"><em>Organized,</em> pp. 32-33,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/29/0"> 36-37</a></p> <div id="p23" data-pid="23"><p data-pid="23" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/30/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="23" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/30/0">11/15/2013, pp. 28-29</a></p><p data-pid="23" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/31/0">2/15/1998, pp. 25-26</a></p> </div><p id="p24" data-pid="24" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/32/0"><em>Ministry School,</em> pp. 224,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/33/0"> 267</a></p> <p id="p25" data-pid="25" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p8" data-pid="8" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/6/0">od 32-33,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/6/2"> 36-37;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/6/4"> w13 11/15 28-29;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/6/6"> be 224,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/6/8"> 267;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/6/10"> w98 2/15 25-26;</a><span class="ni"> om 31,</span><span class="ni"> 36;</span></p> <p id="p9" data-pid="9" class="sx"></p> <p id="p9" data-pid="9" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/7/0">w83 9/1 24-25;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/7/2"> w76 720;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/7/4"> w75 730;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/7/6"> w74 435;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/7/8"> w74 530-531;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/7/10"> w73 160;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/7/12"> w73 472-473;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/7/14"> w72 12,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/7/16"> 15;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/7/18"> yb72 15,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/7/20"> 20-21;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/7/22"> w71 752;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/7/24"> w67 401;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/7/25"> w63 661;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/7/26"> w61 371;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/7/27"> w60 77</a></p> <p id="p10" data-pid="10" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="56-1-10" data-section-citation="056001010056001010"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:10</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p50" data-pid="50" class="s5"><strong>rebellious men:</strong> Paul here refers mainly to certain Jews in Crete who had converted to Christianity. They were stubbornly clinging to Jewish traditions and laws regarding circumcision that were not binding on Christ’s followers. Such “rebellious men” refused to respect authority or to accept direction from the apostles and elders in Jerusalem.</p> <p id="p51" data-pid="51" class="s5"><strong>profitless talkers:</strong> According to one reference work, this expression implies that those men were “using impressive language with little or no solid content of truth.” They were <strong>deceivers</strong>—successful at fooling the weak or the gullible in the congregations.</p> <p id="p52" data-pid="52" class="s5"><strong>those who adhere to the circumcision:</strong> That is, some of the Jewish Christians in Crete. From at least the first century B.C.E., there was a Jewish community in Crete. Also, Cretan Jews were among those who heard “the magnificent things of God” on the day of Pentecost 33 C.E. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/54/0" data-bid="55-1" class="b">Ac 2:11</a>) Now some Jewish Christians in Crete insisted on promoting circumcision, even though the holy spirit had guided the governing body in Jerusalem in resolving that issue some 12 to 15 years earlier (c. 49 C.E.). (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/41/0">study note on Ga 2:12</a>.) Titus had accompanied Paul to Jerusalem for that historic meeting.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/55/0" data-bid="56-1" class="b">Ac 10:45;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/55/1" data-bid="56-2" class="b"> 15:1, 2,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/55/2" data-bid="56-3" class="b"> 7,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/55/3" data-bid="56-4" class="b"> 22-29;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/55/4" data-bid="56-5" class="b"> Ga 2:1,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/55/5" data-bid="56-6" class="b"> 3</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/17" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-18"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 15:1</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-18" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-18" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p25" data-pid="25" class="se"></p> <div id="p26" data-pid="26"><p data-pid="26" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/34/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="26" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/34/0">10/15/2007, pp. 25-26</a></p> </div><p id="p27" data-pid="27" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p9" data-pid="9" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/7/0">w07 10/15 25-26</a></p> <p id="p10" data-pid="10" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="56-1-11" data-section-citation="056001011056001011"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:11</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p54" data-pid="54" class="s5"><strong>to shut their mouths:</strong> Paul here uses a Greek verb that according to one lexicon means to “‘put someth[ing] on the mouth’ and so control as by a muzzle, bridle, or the like.” Some in the congregation were spreading false doctrine, even “subverting entire households.” Appointed elders had to protect Jehovah’s flock from such men and would need to “shut their mouths” figuratively by preventing rebellious talk from spreading in the congregation and infecting it. The elders could silence them by reproving them severely and if necessary by removing from the congregation any who ignored repeated counsel and continued to promote false teachings.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/57/0" data-bid="58-1" class="b">Tit 1:9, 10,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/57/1" data-bid="58-2" class="b"> 13;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/57/2" data-bid="58-3" class="b"> 3:10, 11</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group media"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Media</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="scalableui item"><div class="clearfix"><a class="galleryItem" href="/en/wol/gallery/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1001072332#chapter=1"><img class="studyItemMedia" src="/en/wol/gallery/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1001072332/thumbnail" data-img-large-src="/en/wol/mp/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/2024/1020" ><span class="caption"><p>Papyrus Fragment Containing Parts of Paul’s Letter to Titus</p> </span></a></div></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/18" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-19"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Pe 5:2</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-19" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-19" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p27" data-pid="27" class="se"></p> <div id="p28" data-pid="28"><p data-pid="28" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/35/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="28" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/35/0">10/15/2007, pp. 25-26</a></p> </div><p id="p29" data-pid="29" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p10" data-pid="10" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/8/0">w07 10/15 25-26</a></p> <p id="p11" data-pid="11" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="56-1-12" data-section-citation="056001012056001012"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:12</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p56" data-pid="56" class="s5"><strong>their own prophet:</strong> Paul likely quotes Epimenides, a Cretan poet of the sixth century B.C.E. The Greek term here rendered “prophet” had a broad meaning and was sometimes used in the general sense of a spokesman or an interpreter. In fact, some ancient Greek writers spoke of Epimenides as a prophet, and others used the same word regarding such men as the poet Homer and the philosopher Diogenes. Paul certainly does not suggest that Epimenides was an inspired prophet of God. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/59/0" data-bid="60-1" class="b">2Pe 1:21</a>) Rather, Paul simply quotes a man whom Cretans respected and would likely accept as a spokesman for their society.</p> <p id="p57" data-pid="57" class="s5"><strong>“Cretans are always liars, injurious wild beasts, idle gluttons”:</strong> In ancient times, the Cretan people had a reputation for dishonesty. In fact, a Greek verb that literally meant “to act [or “speak”] as a Cretan” was sometimes used to denote lying or cheating. However, Paul is not applying this generalization to faithful Christians in Crete. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/60/0" data-bid="61-1" class="b">Ac 2:5,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/60/1" data-bid="61-2" class="b"> 11,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/60/2" data-bid="61-3" class="b"> 33</a>) Rather, he focuses on certain Cretans who were posing a threat to the congregations there. In this context, he speaks of “rebellious men, profitless talkers, and deceivers” who were promoting circumcision and subverting households. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/42/0">study notes on Tit 1:10</a>.) So Paul quotes this famous saying to make a strong point: Certain false Christians were actually living up to it.</p> <p id="p58" data-pid="58" class="s5"><strong>idle gluttons:</strong> The Greek word for “glutton” literally means “belly,” so it is suggestive of a person who focuses on nothing but his appetite. Of course, such individuals were not unique to Crete. (See the <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/43/0">study notes on Ro 16:18;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/44/0"> Php 3:19</a>.) In quoting this part of the saying, Paul is apparently referring to lazy, inactive people who want to satisfy their greedy appetites without doing any work.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p29" data-pid="29" class="se"></p> <p id="p30" data-pid="30" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/36/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> pp. 548,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/37/0"> 964</a></p> <p id="p31" data-pid="31" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/38/0"><em>“All Scripture,”</em> p. 239</a></p> <div id="p32" data-pid="32"><p data-pid="32" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/39/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="32" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/39/0">5/15/1989, p. 31</a></p><p data-pid="32" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/40/0">5/15/1988, p. 18</a></p> </div><p id="p33" data-pid="33" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p11" data-pid="11" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/9/0">it-1 548,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/9/2"> 964;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/9/4"> si 239;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/9/6"> w89 5/15 31;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/9/8"> w88 5/15 18;</a></p> <p id="p12" data-pid="12" class="sx"></p> <p id="p10" data-pid="10" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/8/0">w83 2/1 13;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/8/2"> w82 7/15 22;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/8/4"> ad 395,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/8/5"> 662</a></p> <p id="p11" data-pid="11" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="56-1-13" data-section-citation="056001013056001013"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:13</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p60" data-pid="60" class="s5"><strong>This witness is true:</strong> In the preceding verse, Paul likely quotes the Cretan prophet Epimenides, who expressed a commonly held opinion. Paul does not mean that this statement is true of all Cretans, but he alerts Titus to certain troublemakers in the congregations who were apparently behaving as Epimenides described.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/45/0">study note on Tit 1:12</a>.</p> <p id="p61" data-pid="61" class="s5"><strong>keep on reproving them with severity:</strong> Some in the Cretan congregations were contradicting wholesome Christian teachings. They taught their own views, even “subverting entire households.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/62/0" data-bid="63-1" class="b">Tit 1:9-11</a>) Paul thus urges Titus to “keep on reproving” any who had adopted such false teachings and bad traits. By saying “with severity,” Paul does not encourage Titus to be unduly harsh or tactless. (Compare <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/63/0" data-bid="64-1" class="b">2Ti 2:24</a>.) Rather, Titus was to be clear, fearless, and determined when addressing the problem. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/64/0" data-bid="65-1" class="b">Tit 2:15</a>) Still, Titus needed to keep in mind his aim “so that they may be healthy in the faith.” He was to protect the congregation and stop the spread of apostasy.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/46/0">study notes on 1Ti 5:20;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/47/0"> 2Ti 3:16</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/19" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-20"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Ti 5:20</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-20" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-20" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p33" data-pid="33" class="se"></p> <div id="p34" data-pid="34"><p data-pid="34" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/41/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="34" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/41/0">5/15/1989, p. 31</a></p><p data-pid="34" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/42/0">12/1/1986, p. 12</a></p> </div><p id="p35" data-pid="35" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p12" data-pid="12" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/10/0">w89 5/15 31;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/10/2"> w86 12/1 12;</a></p> <p id="p13" data-pid="13" class="sx"></p> <p id="p11" data-pid="11" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/9/0">w84 11/15 19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/9/3"> w79 2/15 18;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/9/5"> w76 734;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/9/8"> w72 565;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/9/10"> w63 661</a></p> <p id="p12" data-pid="12" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="56-1-14" data-section-citation="056001014056001014"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:14</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p63" data-pid="63" class="s5"><strong>fables:</strong> The Greek word <em>myʹthos,</em> which can be defined as “legend, fable . . . fiction, myth,” is here used regarding Jewish stories. The Jews had a rich heritage of true stories found in the inspired Hebrew Scriptures; still, they turned “away from the truth” and invented and spread their own false stories.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/48/0">study notes on 1Ti 1:4;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/49/0"> 4:7</a>.</p> <p id="p64" data-pid="64" class="s5"><strong>commandments of men:</strong> Or “commands of people.” This expression echoes the words of <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/66/0" data-bid="67-1" class="b">Isa 29:13</a>. Jesus applied Isaiah’s words to the Jewish religious leaders of his time, saying: “They teach commands of men as doctrines.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/67/0" data-bid="68-1" class="b">Mt 15:9;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/67/1" data-bid="68-2" class="b"> Mr 7:7</a>) Paul may have had in mind some of the man-made restrictions common in Judaism. False teachers promoted such rules, claiming that those rules helped people to lead a godly life. In reality, these rules were in opposition to “the teaching that is wholesome,” which would help Christians to stay “healthy in the faith.”—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/68/0" data-bid="69-1" class="b">Tit 1:9,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/68/1" data-bid="69-2" class="b"> 13</a>; compare <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/69/0" data-bid="70-1" class="b">Col 2:20-22;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/69/1" data-bid="70-2" class="b"> 1Ti 4:3-5</a>.</p> <p id="p65" data-pid="65" class="s5"><strong>the truth:</strong> Paul here refers to the entire body of Christian teachings that had been revealed up to that time.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/50/0">study note on Ga 2:5</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/20" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-21"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Ti 1:4</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-21" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-21" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p35" data-pid="35" class="se"></p> <div id="p36" data-pid="36"><p data-pid="36" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/43/0"><em>Awake!,</em></a></p><p data-pid="36" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/43/0">10/22/1998, p. 12</a></p> </div><div id="p37" data-pid="37"><p data-pid="37" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/44/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="37" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/44/0">4/1/1994, p. 29</a></p> </div><p id="p38" data-pid="38" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p13" data-pid="13" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/11/0">g98 10/22 12;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/11/2"> w94 4/1 29;</a></p> <p id="p14" data-pid="14" class="sx"></p> <p id="p12" data-pid="12" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/10/0">w76 211-212;</a><span class="ni"> g64 1/22 27;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/10/3"> w60 86;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/10/4"> w51 690</a></p> <p id="p13" data-pid="13" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="56-1-15" data-section-citation="056001015056001015"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:15</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p67" data-pid="67" class="s5"><strong>All things are clean to clean people:</strong> Christians who keep their thinking and actions in line with God’s standards are “clean people.” They know which things God considers morally or spiritually clean and which things he condemns in his inspired Word. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/71/0" data-bid="72-1" class="b">Mr 7:21-23;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/71/1" data-bid="72-2" class="b"> Ga 5:19-21</a>) They are able to maintain “a clean heart” and “a clean conscience” before God. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/72/0" data-bid="73-1" class="b">1Ti 1:5;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/72/1" data-bid="73-2" class="b"> 3:9;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/72/2" data-bid="73-3" class="b"> 2Ti 1:3;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/72/3" data-bid="73-4" class="b"> Mr 7:15</a>) By saying “all things,” Paul refers to things that God does not condemn. Paul contrasts “clean people” with faithless ones, who are defiled in conscience; to such ones, “nothing is clean.”</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/21" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-22"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 14:14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-22" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-22" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/22" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-23"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mt 15:11; 1Ti 4:2</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-23" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-23" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p38" data-pid="38" class="se"></p> <div id="p39" data-pid="39"><p data-pid="39" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/45/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="39" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/45/0">10/15/2008, p. 30</a></p><p data-pid="39" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204446/46/0">10/15/2007, pp. 25-27</a></p> </div><p id="p40" data-pid="40" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p14" data-pid="14" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/12/0">w08 10/15 30;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270056/12/2"> w07 10/15 25-27;</a></p> <p id="p15" data-pid="15" class="sx"></p> <p id="p13" data-pid="13" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/11/0">w82 7/15 22;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/11/2"> g82 7/22 23;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/11/4"> g79 4/22 10;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/11/6"> w63 359;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/11/7"> w61 486;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/11/8"> w57 547;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/11/9"> w56 142;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/11/10"> w52 100;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/11/11"> w51 690</a></p> <p id="p14" data-pid="14" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="56-1-16" data-section-citation="056001016056001016"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:16</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p69" data-pid="69" class="s5"><strong>They publicly declare that they know God:</strong> The false teachers in the congregations in Crete claimed to know and worship God. However, knowing God involves obeying his commands and walking in his ways. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/74/0" data-bid="75-1" class="b">Ps 25:4, 5;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/74/1" data-bid="75-2" class="b"> 1Jo 2:3, 4</a>) By their <strong>works,</strong> or their conduct and way of life, these individuals clearly showed that they were, in fact, disobedient to God and did not really know him. In God’s eyes, such hypocrisy was detestable.—Compare <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/75/0" data-bid="76-1" class="b">Pr 17:15</a>.</p> <p id="p70" data-pid="70" class="s5"><strong>not approved for good work of any sort:</strong> The Greek word rendered “not approved” means “unfit; unqualified.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/76/0" data-bid="77-1" class="b">Ro 1:28;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/76/1" data-bid="77-2" class="b"> 2Ti 3:8</a>) Literally, it conveys the idea of “not standing the test.” In the verses that follow (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070801/77/0" data-bid="78-1" class="b">Tit 2:1–3:8</a>), Paul goes on to explain what kind of good works God wants from those who truly seek to please him.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/23" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-24"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mt 7:16-18</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-24" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-24" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p14" data-pid="14" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/12/0">lp 105;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/12/2"> w74 36;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/12/4"> g73 10/8 23-24;</a><span class="ni"> g59 10/22 6;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/12/7"> w53 745;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020056/12/8"> w51 229</a></p> <p id="p15" data-pid="15" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div id="studyParallel" class="studyPane tabContent"> <div class="section"> <h3 class="title">Parallel Translations</h3> <div class="helpText">Click a verse number to display parallel Bible verses.</div> <div class="parallel"> <div class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div> <div class="extract"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="studyMarginals" class="studyPane tabContent"> <div class="section marginalsGeneral"><h3 class="title"><span class="sectionIcon"></span><span class="scalableui">General</span></h3><div class="content categorizedMarginal"><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/0/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-1-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:2</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 6:23</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-1-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-1-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/1/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-2-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:2</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Nu 23:19; Heb 6:18</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-2-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-2-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/2/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-3-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:3</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 9:15</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-3-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-3-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/3/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-4-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:4</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 2:13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-4-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-4-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/4/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-5-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:5</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 2:5, 11</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-5-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-5-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/5/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-6-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:6</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Ti 3:10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-6-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-6-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/6/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-7-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:6</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Ti 3:2-7</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-7-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-7-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/7/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-8-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:7</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Pe 2:10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-8-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-8-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/8/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-9-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:7</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Jas 1:19</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-9-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-9-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/9/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-10-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:7</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 18:21</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-10-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-10-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/10/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-11-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:8</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Heb 13:2; Jas 2:15, 16; 1Pe 4:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-11-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-11-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/11/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-12-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:8</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 12:3; 1Ti 3:2</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-12-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-12-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/12/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-13-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:8</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Ti 2:8</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-13-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-13-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/13/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-14-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:8</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Ti 2:24; Jas 3:13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-14-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-14-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/14/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-15-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Ti 4:16; 6:3, 4; Jas 3:1</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-15-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-15-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/15/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-16-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Ti 1:9, 10; 2Ti 1:13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-16-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-16-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/16/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-17-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Ti 5:20; 2Ti 4:2; Tit 1:13; Re 3:19</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-17-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-17-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/17/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-18-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:10</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 15:1</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-18-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-18-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/18/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-19-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:11</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Pe 5:2</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-19-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-19-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/19/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-20-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:13</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Ti 5:20</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-20-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-20-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/20/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-21-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:14</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Ti 1:4</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-21-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-21-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/21/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-22-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:15</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 14:14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-22-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-22-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/56/1/22/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-23-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Titus 1:15</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mt 15:11; 1Ti 4:2</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-23-1" 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class="articlePositioner" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr"> <div id="banner" class="documentBanner showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr"> </div> <article id="article" class="article bible html5 pub-nwtsty jwac showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr includeSecondaryNav" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr" role="article"> <div class="scalableui"> <header> <h1>To Titus</h1> </header> <p id="p2" data-pid="2" class="sb"><span id="v56-1-1-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070160/29985" class="cl vx vp study"><strong>1</strong> </a>Paul, a slave of God and an apostle of Jesus Christ according to the faith of God’s chosen ones and the accurate knowledge of the truth that is according to godly devotion </span><span id="v56-1-2-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070160/29986" class="vl vx vp study">2 </a>and is based on a hope of the everlasting life<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/0" data-bid="1-1" class="b">+</a> that God, who cannot lie,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/1" data-bid="2-1" class="b">+</a> promised long ago; </span><span id="v56-1-3-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070160/29987" class="vl vx vp study">3 </a>but in his own due time, he made his word known through the preaching entrusted to me<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/2" data-bid="3-1" class="b">+</a> according to the command of our Savior, God; </span><span id="v56-1-4-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070160/29988" class="vl vx vp study">4 </a>to Titus,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/3" data-bid="4-1" class="b">+</a> a genuine child according to the faith we share:</span></p> <p id="p3" data-pid="3" class="sb"><span id="v56-1-4-2" class="v">May you have undeserved kindness and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior.</span></p> <p id="p4" data-pid="4" class="sb"><span id="v56-1-5-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070160/29989" class="vl vx vp study">5 </a>I left you in Crete<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/4" data-bid="5-1" class="b">+</a> so that you would correct the things that were defective and make appointments of elders in city after city, as I instructed you: </span><span id="v56-1-6-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070160/29990" class="vl vx vp study">6 </a>if there is any man free from accusation,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/5" data-bid="6-1" class="b">+</a> a husband of one wife, having believing children who are not accused of debauchery or rebelliousness.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/6" data-bid="7-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v56-1-7-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070160/29991" class="vl vx vp study">7 </a>For as God’s steward, an overseer must be free from accusation, not self-willed,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/7" data-bid="8-1" class="b">+</a> not quick-tempered,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/8" data-bid="9-1" class="b">+</a> not a drunkard, not violent, not greedy of dishonest gain,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/9" data-bid="10-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v56-1-8-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070160/29992" class="vl vx vp study">8 </a>but hospitable,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/10" data-bid="11-1" class="b">+</a> a lover of goodness, sound in mind,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/11" data-bid="12-1" class="b">+</a> righteous, loyal,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/12" data-bid="13-1" class="b">+</a> self-controlled,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/13" data-bid="14-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v56-1-9-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070160/29993" class="vl vx vp study">9 </a>holding firmly to the faithful word as respects his art of teaching,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/14" data-bid="15-1" class="b">+</a> so that he may be able both to encourage by the teaching that is wholesome<a id="footnotesource1" data-fnid="1" class="fn pr" href="/en/wol/fn/r1/lp-e/1001070160/0">*</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/15" data-bid="16-1" class="b">+</a> and to reprove<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/16" data-bid="17-1" class="b">+</a> those who contradict.</span></p> <p id="p5" data-pid="5" class="sb"><span id="v56-1-10-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070160/29994" class="vl vx vp study">10 </a>For there are many rebellious men, profitless talkers, and deceivers, especially those who adhere to the circumcision.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/17" data-bid="18-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v56-1-11-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070160/29995" class="vl vx vp study">11 </a>It is necessary to shut their mouths, because these very men keep on subverting entire households by teaching things they should not for the sake of dishonest gain.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/18" data-bid="19-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v56-1-12-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070160/29996" class="vl vx vp study">12 </a>A certain one of them, their own prophet, said: “Creʹtans are always liars, injurious wild beasts, idle gluttons.”</span></p> <p id="p6" data-pid="6" class="sb"><span id="v56-1-13-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070160/29997" class="vl vx vp study">13 </a>This witness is true. For this very reason, keep on reproving<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/19" data-bid="20-1" class="b">+</a> them with severity so that they may be healthy in the faith, </span><span id="v56-1-14-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070160/29998" class="vl vx vp study">14 </a>paying no attention to Jewish fables<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/20" data-bid="21-1" class="b">+</a> and commandments of men who turn away from the truth. </span><span id="v56-1-15-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070160/29999" class="vl vx vp study">15 </a>All things are clean to clean people;<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/21" data-bid="22-1" class="b">+</a> but to those who are defiled and faithless, nothing is clean, for both their minds and their consciences are defiled.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/22" data-bid="23-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v56-1-16-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070160/30000" class="vl vx vp study">16 </a>They publicly declare that they know God, but they disown him by their works,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070160/23" data-bid="24-1" class="b">+</a> because they are detestable and disobedient and not approved for good work of any sort.</span></p>  <div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pswp__bg"></div> <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div> <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar"> <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button> <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> 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