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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Spread of the order</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Spread_of_the_order-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Spread of the order subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Spread_of_the_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continental_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continental_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Continental Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continental_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scandinavia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scandinavia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.6</span> <span>Scandinavia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scandinavia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Latin America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connections_with_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connections_with_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Connections with television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connections_with_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Poor Clares</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klariste" title="Klariste – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Klariste" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klarissen" title="Klarissen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Klarissen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_de_Santa_Clara" title="Orde de Santa Clara – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orde de Santa Clara" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chud%C3%A9_sestry_svat%C3%A9_Kl%C3%A1ry" title="Chudé sestry svaté Kláry – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chudé sestry svaté Kláry" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clariaid_Tlodion" title="Clariaid Tlodion – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Clariaid Tlodion" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarisserordenen" title="Clarisserordenen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Clarisserordenen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klarissen" title="Klarissen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Klarissen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orden_de_Santa_Clara" title="Orden de Santa Clara – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Orden de Santa Clara" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaraninaj_mona%C4%A5inoj" title="Klaraninaj monaĥinoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Klaraninaj monaĥinoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaratar" title="Klaratar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Klaratar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_de_Sainte-Claire" title="Ordre de Sainte-Claire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordre de Sainte-Claire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klarise" title="Klarise – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Klarise" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordo_Santa_Klara" title="Ordo Santa Klara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ordo Santa Klara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monache_clarisse" title="Monache clarisse – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monache clarisse" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%94" title="מסדר קלרה הקדושה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסדר קלרה הקדושה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waklara" title="Waklara – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Waklara" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordo_Sanctae_Clarae" title="Ordo Sanctae Clarae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ordo Sanctae Clarae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klarissz%C3%A1k" title="Klarisszák – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Klarisszák" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarissen" title="Clarissen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Clarissen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A9%E4%BC%9A" title="クララ会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クララ会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klarissene" title="Klarissene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Klarissene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubogie_Siostry_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tej_Klary" title="Ubogie Siostry Świętej Klary – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ubogie Siostry Świętej Klary" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordem_de_Santa_Clara" title="Ordem de Santa Clara – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ordem de Santa Clara" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinul_clariselor" title="Ordinul clariselor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ordinul clariselor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Клариссинки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клариссинки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chudobn%C3%A9_sestry_sv%C3%A4tej_Kl%C3%A1ry" title="Chudobné sestry svätej Kláry – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chudobné sestry svätej Kláry" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klarise" title="Klarise – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Klarise" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klarise" title="Klarise – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Klarise" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klarissalaiset" title="Klarissalaiset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Klarissalaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankta_Klaras_orden" title="Sankta Klaras orden – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sankta Klaras orden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="คณะกลาริส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คณะกลาริส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Клариски – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клариски" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2ng_Ch%E1%BB%8B_Em_Thanh_B%E1%BA%A7n" title="Dòng Chị Em Thanh Bần – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dòng Chị Em Thanh Bần" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%AB%E7%A9%B7%E4%BF%AE%E5%A5%B3%E4%BC%9A" title="贫穷修女会 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="贫穷修女会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q733658#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Damianites" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Damianists" class="mw-redirect" title="Damianists">Damianists</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Elizabeth Gaskell story, see <a href="/wiki/The_Poor_Clare_(short_story)" title="The Poor Clare (short story)">The Poor Clare (short story)</a>. For the L. P. Hartley novel, see <a href="/wiki/Poor_Clare_(novel)" title="Poor Clare (novel)">Poor Clare (novel)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SDamiano-Clara_og_s%C3%B8stre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/SDamiano-Clara_og_s%C3%B8stre.jpg/250px-SDamiano-Clara_og_s%C3%B8stre.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/SDamiano-Clara_og_s%C3%B8stre.jpg/375px-SDamiano-Clara_og_s%C3%B8stre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/SDamiano-Clara_og_s%C3%B8stre.jpg/500px-SDamiano-Clara_og_s%C3%B8stre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2415" data-file-height="1918" /></a><figcaption>Fresco of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Clare_of_Assisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Clare of Assisi">Saint Clare</a> and nuns of her order, Chapel of <a href="/wiki/San_Damiano,_Assisi" title="San Damiano, Assisi">San Damiano, Assisi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Poor Clares</b>, officially the <b>Order of Saint Clare</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i>Ordo Sanctae Clarae</i>), originally referred to as the <b>Order of Poor Ladies</b>, and also known as the <b>Clarisses</b> or <b>Clarissines</b>, the <b>Minoresses</b>, the <b>Franciscan Clarist Order</b>, and the <b>Second Order of Saint Francis</b>, are members of an <a href="/wiki/Enclosed_religious_orders" title="Enclosed religious orders">enclosed order</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nuns</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>. The Poor Clares were the second <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> branch of the order to be established. The first order of the Franciscans, which was known as the Order of Friars Minor, was founded by Saint Francis of Assisi in 1209. Three years after founding the Order of Friars Minor, <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a> founded the Order of Saint Clare, or Order of Poor Ladies, on <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a> in the year 1212.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were organized after the manner of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Order of Friars Minor</a> and before the <a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Third Order</a> of Saint Francis was founded. As of 2011, there were over 20,000 Poor Clare nuns in over 75 countries throughout the world. They follow several different observances and are organized into federations. </p><p>The Poor Clares follow the <i><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_St._Clare" class="mw-redirect" title="Rule of St. Clare">Rule of St. Clare</a></i>, which was approved by Pope <a href="/wiki/Innocent_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Innocent IV">Innocent IV</a> on the day before Clare's death in 1253. The main branch of the order (OSC) follows the observance of Pope Urban. Other branches established since that time, who operate under their own unique <a href="/wiki/Constitutions" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutions">Constitutions</a>, are the <a href="/wiki/Colettine_Poor_Clares" title="Colettine Poor Clares">Colettine Poor Clares</a> (PCC) (founded 1410), the <a href="/wiki/Capuchin_Poor_Clares" title="Capuchin Poor Clares">Capuchin Poor Clares</a> (OSCCap) (founded 1538) and the <a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares_of_Perpetual_Adoration" title="Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration">Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration</a> (PCPA) (founded 1854). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foundation_and_rule">Foundation and rule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Foundation and rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%A3o_Francisco_d%C3%A1_a_F%C3%B3rmula_de_Vida_a_Santa_Clara_-_Valentim_de_Almeida_(Convento_do_Louri%C3%A7al)_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/S%C3%A3o_Francisco_d%C3%A1_a_F%C3%B3rmula_de_Vida_a_Santa_Clara_-_Valentim_de_Almeida_%28Convento_do_Louri%C3%A7al%29_%28cropped%29.png/220px-S%C3%A3o_Francisco_d%C3%A1_a_F%C3%B3rmula_de_Vida_a_Santa_Clara_-_Valentim_de_Almeida_%28Convento_do_Louri%C3%A7al%29_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/S%C3%A3o_Francisco_d%C3%A1_a_F%C3%B3rmula_de_Vida_a_Santa_Clara_-_Valentim_de_Almeida_%28Convento_do_Louri%C3%A7al%29_%28cropped%29.png/330px-S%C3%A3o_Francisco_d%C3%A1_a_F%C3%B3rmula_de_Vida_a_Santa_Clara_-_Valentim_de_Almeida_%28Convento_do_Louri%C3%A7al%29_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/S%C3%A3o_Francisco_d%C3%A1_a_F%C3%B3rmula_de_Vida_a_Santa_Clara_-_Valentim_de_Almeida_%28Convento_do_Louri%C3%A7al%29_%28cropped%29.png/440px-S%C3%A3o_Francisco_d%C3%A1_a_F%C3%B3rmula_de_Vida_a_Santa_Clara_-_Valentim_de_Almeida_%28Convento_do_Louri%C3%A7al%29_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="2290" /></a><figcaption>Saint Clare receives the <i>Formula Vitae</i> ("little rule") from <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a>. 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo">azulejo</a> panel in the <a href="/wiki/Igreja_do_Convento_do_Louri%C3%A7al" title="Igreja do Convento do Louriçal">Convent of Louriçal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>.</figcaption></figure><p> The Poor Clares were founded by <a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a> in 1212. Little is known of Clare's early life, although popular tradition suggests that she came from a fairly well-to-do family in <a href="/wiki/Assisi" title="Assisi">Assisi</a>. At the age of 17, inspired by the preaching of <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Assisi_Cathedral" title="Assisi Cathedral">Assisi Cathedral</a>, Clare ran away from home to join her community of friars at the <a href="/wiki/Porziuncola" class="mw-redirect" title="Porziuncola">Portiuncula</a>, some distance outside the town.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to tradition, Clare's family wanted to take her back by force, but Clare's dedication to holiness and poverty inspired the friars to accept her resolution. She was given the <a href="/wiki/Religious_habit" title="Religious habit">habit</a> of a nun and transferred to <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> monasteries, first at Bastia and then at Sant' Angelo di Panzo, for her monastic formation. Though some doubted her ability to become a nun, Francis of Assisi encouraged her on her journey. St. Francis believed that women, as well as men, had the capacity to completely forgo ordinary pleasures and live in poverty and did not seek to limit them in this regard based on their gender. This shared belief of both Francis of Assisi and Clare of Assisi would lead them to form the Order of St. Clare. An order of women, dedicated to living an oath of poverty and service, just as the Order of Friars Minor, formed by St. Francis just three years prior.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SanDamianoAssisiDec132023_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/SanDamianoAssisiDec132023_02.jpg/220px-SanDamianoAssisiDec132023_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/SanDamianoAssisiDec132023_02.jpg/330px-SanDamianoAssisiDec132023_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/SanDamianoAssisiDec132023_02.jpg/440px-SanDamianoAssisiDec132023_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Damiano,_Assisi" title="San Damiano, Assisi">San Damiano</a> in <a href="/wiki/Assisi" title="Assisi">Assisi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>By 1216, Francis was able to offer Clare and her companions a monastery adjoining the chapel of <a href="/wiki/San_Damiano,_Assisi" title="San Damiano, Assisi">San Damiano</a> where she became <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">abbess</a>. Clare's mother, two of her sisters and some other wealthy women from <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> soon joined her new order. Clare dedicated her order to the strict principles of Francis, setting a rule of extreme poverty far more severe than that of any female order of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Farmer,_David_1997_p._103_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farmer,_David_1997_p._103-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clare's determination that her order not be wealthy or own property, and that the nuns live entirely from alms given by local people, was initially protected by the papal bull <i>Privilegium paupertatis</i>, issued by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic_Encyclopedia-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time the order had grown to number three monasteries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spread_of_the_order">Spread of the order</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Spread of the order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The movement quickly spread, though in a somewhat disorganized fashion, with several monasteries of women devoted to the Franciscan ideal springing up elsewhere in Northern Italy. At this point Ugolino, Cardinal Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Ostia_Antica_(district)" title="Ostia Antica (district)">Ostia</a> (the future <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Pope Gregory IX</a>), was given the task of overseeing all such monasteries and preparing a formal <a href="/wiki/Monastic_Rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastic Rule">Monastic Rule</a>. Although monasteries at Monticello, <a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>, Gattajola and elsewhere adopted the new rule – which allowed for property to be held in trust by the papacy for the various communities – it was not adopted by Clare herself or her monastery at San Damiano.<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic_Encyclopedia-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ugolino's Rule, originally based on the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_St._Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Rule of St. Benedict">Benedictine</a> one, was amended in 1263 by Pope Urban IV to allow for the communal ownership of property, and was adopted by a growing number of monasteries across <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. Communities adopting this less rigorous rule came to be known as the Order of Saint Clare (OSC) or the Urbanist Poor Clares.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_2007,_p._603_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica_2007,_p._603-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clare herself resisted the Ugolino Rule, since it did not closely enough follow the ideal of complete poverty advocated by Francis. On 9 August 1253, she managed to obtain a <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a>, <i>Solet annuere</i>, establishing a rule of her own, more closely following that of the friars, which <a href="/wiki/Corporate_poverty" title="Corporate poverty">forbade the possession of property either individually or as a community</a>. Originally applying only to Clare's community at San Damiano, this rule was also adopted by many monasteries.<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic_Encyclopedia-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Communities that followed this stricter rule were fewer in number than the followers of the rule formulated by Cardinal Ugolino, and became known simply as "Poor Clares" (PC) or Primitives. Many sources before 1263 refer to them as Damianites (after San Damiano).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The situation was further complicated a century later when <a href="/wiki/Colette_of_Corbie" title="Colette of Corbie">Colette of Corbie</a> restored the primitive rule of strict poverty to 17 French monasteries. Her followers came to be called the <a href="/wiki/Colettine_Poor_Clares" title="Colettine Poor Clares">Colettine Poor Clares</a> (PCC). Two further branches, the <a href="/wiki/Capuchin_Poor_Clares" title="Capuchin Poor Clares">Capuchin Poor Clares</a> (OSCCap) and the <a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Alcantara" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter of Alcantara">Alcantarines</a>, also followed the strict observance.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_2007,_p._603_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica_2007,_p._603-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The later group disappeared as a distinct group when their observance among the friars was ended, with the friars being merged by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> into the wider observant branch of the First Order. </p><p>The spread of the order began in 1218 when a monastery was founded in <a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a>; new foundations quickly followed in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mantua" title="Mantua">Mantua</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Assisi" title="Agnes of Assisi">Agnes of Assisi</a>, a sister of Clare, introduced the order to <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a> hosted major communities. The order then expanded to <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, where a monastery was founded at <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> in 1229, followed by <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cahors" title="Cahors">Cahors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a>. A monastery at <a href="/wiki/Marseilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Marseilles">Marseilles</a> was founded directly from Assisi in 1254.<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic_Encyclopedia-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Poor Clares monastery founded by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Provence" title="Margaret of Provence">Queen Margaret</a> in Paris, St. Marcel, was where she died in 1295.<sup id="cite_ref-Robson328_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robson328-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">King Philip IV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Queen Joan</a> founded a monastery at Moncel in the Beauvais diocese.<sup id="cite_ref-Robson328_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robson328-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By A.D. 1300 there were 47 Poor Clare monasteries in Spain alone.<sup id="cite_ref-Farmer,_David_1997_p._103_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farmer,_David_1997_p._103-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The growth the Poor Clare community was experiencing would not last long. Plagues and wars would soon devastate Europe from the 1340s and onward.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plagues such as the Black Death alone would kill up to 20 million people in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, there would be many different military conflicts that would also affect the Poor Clares, such as The Hundred Years’ War that would start in 1337 and go to 1453.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the extreme loss of life from both sickness and war, many religious communities were forced to rebuild and recruit more people to the order.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Poor Clares were a part of this and would have to redefine who they were and who they would let into the order as they were eager to build it back up. For example, prior to both The Hundred Years’ War and the Black Plague in 1330, The Poor Clares had around 80 women who were a part of the order in Toulouse, France. However, by 1370, The Poor Clares’ would only have four women who were still a part of the order. This would lead them to evacuate to local towns and start recruiting individuals to the order. Not all the people who were recruited by the Poor Clares during this time were willing to embrace vows of abstinence, poverty, or obedience. This would bring conflict within the order as there wasn’t unity in the standards that were once the foundation of what the Poor Clares stood for.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This would lead to several reform movements, such as the one spearheaded by Juan the 1st.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Poor Clare monastery in England was founded in 1286 in <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hereford_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hereford-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In medieval England, where the nuns were known as "minoresses", their principal monastery was located near <a href="/wiki/Aldgate" title="Aldgate">Aldgate</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_the_Order_of_St_Clare" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey of the Order of St Clare">Abbey of the Order of St Clare</a>. The order gave its name to the still-extant street known as <a href="/wiki/Minories" title="Minories">Minories</a> on the eastern boundary of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">dissolution of the monasteries</a> under King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>, several religious communities formed in <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental Europe</a> for <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> Catholics. One such was a <a href="/wiki/Poor_Clare_Convent_(Gravelines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poor Clare Convent (Gravelines)">Poor Clare monastery</a> founded in 1609 at <a href="/wiki/Gravelines" title="Gravelines">Gravelines</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ward_(nun)" title="Mary Ward (nun)">Mary Ward</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hereford_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hereford-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poor Clare nuns from Walloon Convent and eight English women, one of whom being Mary Ward, rented a place in town until the convent was completed.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The convent was completed in 1609 and provided a permanent place for the nuns to live until 1626 when a fire destroyed most of the building and forced the nuns to seek temporary shelter until it was repaired. Disaster struck again in 1654 when an explosion destroyed almost all of the town, including the convent.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later expelled from their monastery by the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Army" title="French Revolutionary Army">French Revolutionary Army</a> in 1795, the community eventually relocated to <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. They settled first in Northumberland, and then in 1857 built a monastery in <a href="/wiki/Darlington" title="Darlington">Darlington</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hereford_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hereford-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was in existence until 2007. </p><p>Following <a href="/wiki/Catholic_emancipation" title="Catholic emancipation">Catholic emancipation</a> in the first half of the 19th century, other Poor Clares came to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eventually establishing communities in, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Notting_Hill" title="Notting Hill">Notting Hill</a> (1857, which was forced to relocate by the local council in the 1960s, and settled in the village of <a href="/wiki/Arkley" title="Arkley">Arkley</a> in 1969),<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Convent_of_Poor_Clares,_Woodchester" title="Convent of Poor Clares, Woodchester">Woodchester</a> (1860–2011), <a href="/wiki/Levenshulme" title="Levenshulme">Levenshulme</a> (1863),<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Much_Birch" title="Much Birch">Much Birch</a> (1880), <a href="/wiki/Arundel" title="Arundel">Arundel</a> (1886), <a href="/wiki/Lynton" title="Lynton">Lynton</a> (founded from <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a>, France, 1904–2010s), <a href="/wiki/Woodford_Green" title="Woodford Green">Woodford Green</a> (1920–1969), <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a> (1865–2015)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a> (1927–2023).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The community in <a href="/wiki/Luton" title="Luton">Luton</a> was founded in 1976 to meet a shortage of teachers for local Catholic schools. It was originally based at 18 London Road in a large Edwardian house. In 1996, the community refocused on a ministry of social work and prayer, and moved to a smaller, modern home at Abigail Close, Wardown Park.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Germany">Germany</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the Reformation, nuns in catholic monasteries in Germany would be forced to leave their convents and return to family or other networks<b>.</b><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ireland">Ireland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Poor Clares Order is the longest-surviving female religious community in Ireland. As of 2024, the Poor Clares celebrated their 382nd anniversary of being in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-recirc.universityofgalway.ie_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recirc.universityofgalway.ie-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> there are seven monasteries of the Colettine Observance. The community with the oldest historical roots is the monastery on Nuns' Island in <a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a>, which traces its history back to the monastery in Gravelines. The community has a rare book collection which is the most comprehensive single collection of early-modern Clarissan material in English in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was an English woman, popularly known as the Venerable Mary Ward, who founded a convent of English Poor Clares in Gravelines France in the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women from different countries would come and seek admission there. One of them was a young woman, known as Marianna Cheevers, who sought admission into the abbey in 1619. Marianna was a young Irish woman from Wexford, and she became the first Irish Poor Clare since the Reformation. She was professed in December of 1620 and was followed by four other woman from Ireland. Two of the women who joined her were daughters of Viscount Dillon, one of whom was Cisly Dillon, and the other two were Alse Nugent from Westmeath and Mary Doudal from Dublin. By May of 1625, all five of them would be professed and become the first five Poor Clares from Ireland since the Reformation. The five women were determined to start a convent that was exclusively Irish and selected Cisly Dillon, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Theobald_Dillon,_1st_Viscount_Dillon" title="Theobald Dillon, 1st Viscount Dillon">Theobald Dillon, 1st Viscount Dillon</a>, to be their abbess, even though she was only 22 at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Poor_Clare_Tercentenary_Record_1929_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poor_Clare_Tercentenary_Record_1929-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 20, 1625, they would arrive at the town of Dunkirk, which was only 14 miles from Gravelines,<sup id="cite_ref-Poor_Clare_Tercentenary_Record_1929_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poor_Clare_Tercentenary_Record_1929-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was located on the coast in the Low Countries. The Low Countries would have been swarming with the Irish at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Irish fought in almost all the Spanish wars as mercenaries from 1587 to 1814, in fact, in 1585, Queen Elizabeth pledged to help the protestant Dutch fight for their independence from the Spanish Catholics and sent over 500 Irish Catholics to fight.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Irish and their English Colonel William Stanley, who was also catholic, found out that they had been sent to fight the Spanish Catholics, they quickly changed sides in the conflict and paved the way for thousands of other Irish people to come and fight for the Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-Poor_Clare_Tercentenary_Record_1929_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poor_Clare_Tercentenary_Record_1929-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was soldiers like these that Cisly and the others hoped to help. People like Owen Roe O’Neil, a famous soldier and leader in Irish history,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> would have been around the Low Countries at this time. Other Irish men like Owen, grew up in places like the Spanish Netherlands<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Low Countries (located north of France) and would not return to Ireland unless brought back by fellow insurgents or family members still living in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other words, the Low Countries and the Spanish Netherlands were full of Irish Catholics. </p><p>As all five of the women had connections among Irish officers, it is unsurprising that they wanted to form a convent in the Low Countries. What is surprising is the courage they exercised as they had no money. They hoped to survive on the money they received with alms, but their alms were not enough. Unable to make the high rent, they were forced to leave after eighteen short months and moved to a town called Nieuport, which was just further up the coast close to Ostend. Since most of their donations came from Ireland and the war was going on, they had little to nothing to etch out a living. Since Charles the 1st was now king, they wondered if they should return to Ireland. Communities that had been shut down after the Reformation were being restored by the Irish Franciscans.<sup id="cite_ref-Poor_Clare_Tercentenary_Record_1929_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poor_Clare_Tercentenary_Record_1929-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Charles the 2nd would have had a greater impact in the restoration of Catholicism than Charles the 1st, if only for the fact that he enjoyed a longer reign as monarch of England than his father.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June of 1629, the Poor Clares finally arrived in Ireland, and the five nuns settled in Dublin. They set up a convent on Merchants’ Quay<sup id="cite_ref-recirc.universityofgalway.ie_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recirc.universityofgalway.ie-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and received twelve novices, out of whom they professed six. Everything was going well until on February 24, 1630 an order from England came to close all religious houses. They managed to remain hidden until October 22, 1630, when they were apprehended by authorities. As they were being marched off, people in the street saw them in their habits and started a riot to free them. Abbess Cisly was able to quiet the mob, and after being interrogated by authorities, the women were allowed to leave and given orders to dissolve the convent and told to leave Dublin within the month.<sup id="cite_ref-Poor_Clare_Tercentenary_Record_1929_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poor_Clare_Tercentenary_Record_1929-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They separated into groups of two to avoid attention, and the young Abbess Cisly went to her father’s estate and found a piece of land that was away from the public.<sup id="cite_ref-Poor_Clare_Tercentenary_Record_1929_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poor_Clare_Tercentenary_Record_1929-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nuns named it Bethlehem, as they would take shelter here, just as Christ Jesus took shelter in the stable following his birth. They lived there in peace for over a decade and were renowned for their piety. After some time, they built a nunnery in Drogheda and started to grow in numbers. Though those ten years were a blessing of peace, unrest would plague them again.<sup id="cite_ref-recirc.universityofgalway.ie_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recirc.universityofgalway.ie-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Persecution under the Penal Laws and the Irish rebellion would lead to the destruction of their monastery and would leave them with no choice but to dissolve for a time.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of them took refuge in Dublin and eventually formed a convent there and that community would become one of the oldest communities in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-Poor_Clare_Tercentenary_Record_1929_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poor_Clare_Tercentenary_Record_1929-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally a separate community of <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish women</a> under a common <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mother_superior" class="extiw" title="wikt:mother superior">mother superior</a> with the English nuns,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they moved to <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> in 1629, the first monastic community in Ireland for a century. The first Abbess was <a href="/wiki/Cecily_Dillon" title="Cecily Dillon">Cisly Dillon</a>, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Theobald_Dillon,_1st_Viscount_Dillon" title="Theobald Dillon, 1st Viscount Dillon">Theobald Dillon, 1st Viscount Dillon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Poor_Clare_Tercentenary_Record_1929_27-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poor_Clare_Tercentenary_Record_1929-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>War forced the community to move back to Galway in 1642. From that point on, persecution under the <a href="/wiki/Penal_Laws_against_Irish_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Penal Laws against Irish Catholics">Penal Laws</a> and war led to repeated destruction of their monastery and scattering of the community over two centuries, until 1825, when fifteen nuns were able to re-establish monastic life permanently on the site.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later monasteries were founded in 1906 in both <a href="/wiki/Carlow" title="Carlow">Carlow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>. From these, foundations were established in <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a> (1914) and <a href="/wiki/Ennis" title="Ennis">Ennis</a> (1958). In 1973, an <a href="/wiki/Enclosed_religious_orders" title="Enclosed religious orders">enclosed</a> community of nuns of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_St._Francis#Third_Order_Regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Order of St. Francis">Franciscan Third Order Regular</a> in <a href="/wiki/Drumshanbo" title="Drumshanbo">Drumshanbo</a>, founded in England in 1852 and established there in 1864, transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Order_(religious)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Order (religious)">Second Order</a>, under this Observance.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is Poor Clares monastery in <a href="/wiki/Faughart" title="Faughart">Faughart</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Louth" title="County Louth">County Louth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Continental_Europe">Continental Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Continental Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Klarenaltar1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Klarenaltar1.jpg/250px-Klarenaltar1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Klarenaltar1.jpg/375px-Klarenaltar1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Klarenaltar1.jpg/500px-Klarenaltar1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3676" data-file-height="2553" /></a><figcaption>Gothic altar in <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Cathedral" title="Cologne Cathedral">Cologne Cathedral</a> dedicated to Poor Clare saints</figcaption></figure> <p>Currently there are communities of Colettine Poor Clares in <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Eindhoven" title="Eindhoven">Eindhoven</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Larvik" title="Larvik">Larvik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>. There are several monasteries in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> of the Urbanist and Capuchin Observances. </p><p>There are notable Clarissine churches in <a href="/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg">Bamberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brixen" title="Brixen">Brixen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>. There also is a small community in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, and a Capuchin monastery in <a href="/wiki/Sigolsheim" title="Sigolsheim">Sigolsheim</a>, France. </p><p>The last six Poor Clare nuns from a convent in Belgium were able to sell their convent by selling luxury vehicles, and move to the South of France.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Convento_de_Santa_Clara_(Burgos)" title="Convento de Santa Clara (Burgos)">Convent of Saint Clare</a> is located in Burgos, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="France">France</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There would be six different attempts at establishments in Toulousse, a city in France, as people kept reforming the order.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Black Plague<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and different wars in Europe, the Poor Clares in Toulousse went from a group of around 80 women to a group of 4.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As they regrouped and converted people to the order, the remaining sisters ran into a problem. Not all of the people who joined the Poor Clares were willing to take vows of abstinence, obedience, and poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There eventually came a Tordesillas reform, which was spearheaded by Juan 1st. This reform gained traction, and other monasteries ended up combining with it and forming the Santa Maria la Real or Santa Clara de Tordesillas. Eventually, though, they would be brought under the review of the Observant provincial vicar, and some would be forced to comply with violence. It is because of this dissent that the Colettine Reform movement happened.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Colette was born in 1381, and when her parents died when she was seventeen, she sold all her possessions and took personal vows of poverty. People such as Jean Pinet and Henry of Baume would point her toward the Franciscan order. Colette would later record receiving visions about the need to restore the vows of poverty to the Franciscan order.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1406, she received aid from different noble women such as Blanche of Geneva and the pope, who would give her permission to establish a community that emphasized the ideals of poverty, as long as it was along the lines of what Clare of Assisi had tried to do so long ago. Pope Urban IV would end up changing the name of the order to the Order of St. Claire in 1263 as a tribute to her<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Scandinavia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/St._Clare%27s_Priory,_Stockholm" title="St. Clare's Priory, Stockholm">St. Clare's Priory, Stockholm</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas">Americas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After an abortive attempt to establish the order in the United States in the early 1800s by three nuns who were refugees of <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary France">Revolutionary France</a>, the Poor Clares were not permanently established in the country until the late 1870s. </p><p>A small group of Colettine nuns arrived from <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, Germany, seeking a refuge for the community which had been expelled from their monastery by the government policies of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kulturkampf" title="Kulturkampf">Kulturkampf</a></i>. They found a welcome in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Cleveland" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland">Diocese of Cleveland</a>, and in 1877 established a monastery in that city. At the urging of <a href="/wiki/Mother_Ignatius_Hayes" title="Mother Ignatius Hayes">Mary Ignatius Hayes</a> in 1875 <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a> had already authorized the sending of nuns to establish a monastery of Poor Clares of the Primitive Observance from San Damiano in Assisi. After the reluctance on the part of many bishops to accept them, due to their reliance upon donations for their maintenance, a community was finally established in <a href="/wiki/Omaha" class="mw-redirect" title="Omaha">Omaha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>, in 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> there are also monasteries in (among other places): <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a> (PCC);<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Massachusetts" title="Andover, Massachusetts">Andover, Massachusetts</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Belleville,_Illinois" title="Belleville, Illinois">Belleville, Illinois</a> (PCC);<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bordentown,_New_Jersey" title="Bordentown, New Jersey">Bordentown, New Jersey</a>; <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brenham,_Texas" title="Brenham, Texas">Brenham, Texas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati, Ohio">Cincinnati, Ohio</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a> (OSC, PCC and PCPA); <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a>; <a href="/wiki/Evansville,_Indiana" title="Evansville, Indiana">Evansville, Indiana</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kokomo,_Indiana" title="Kokomo, Indiana">Kokomo, Indiana</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Los_Altos_Hills,_California" title="Los Altos Hills, California">Los Altos Hills, California</a>; <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/New_Kent_County,_Virginia" title="New Kent County, Virginia">metropolitan Richmond, Virginia</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans, Louisiana</a>; <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a>; Rockford, Illinois (PCC);<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Roswell,_New_Mexico" title="Roswell, New Mexico">Roswell, New Mexico</a> (PCC);<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Michigan" title="Saginaw, Michigan">Saginaw, Michigan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/ <a href="/wiki/Travelers_Rest,_South_Carolina" title="Travelers Rest, South Carolina">Travelers Rest, South Carolina</a>; <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Wappingers_Falls,_New_York" title="Wappingers Falls, New York">Wappingers Falls, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally there are monasteries in <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> (PCPA), <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>. Since the 1980s, the nuns of New York City have formed small satellite communities in <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>. There is one monastery of the Capuchin Observance in <a href="/wiki/Denver,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver, Colorado">Denver, Colorado</a>, founded from Mexico in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three monasteries of the order in Canada: <a href="/wiki/St._Clare%27s_Monastery_(Duncan)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Clare's Monastery (Duncan)">St. Clare's Monastery</a> at <a href="/wiki/Duncan,_British_Columbia" title="Duncan, British Columbia">Duncan, British Columbia</a>; and at <a href="/wiki/Mission,_British_Columbia" title="Mission, British Columbia">Mission, British Columbia</a>; and a <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French-speaking</a> community in <a href="/wiki/Valleyfield,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Valleyfield, Quebec">Valleyfield, Quebec</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Latin_America">Latin America</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Latin America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madre_Jer%C3%B3nima_de_la_Fuente,_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Madre_Jer%C3%B3nima_de_la_Fuente%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg/170px-Madre_Jer%C3%B3nima_de_la_Fuente%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Madre_Jer%C3%B3nima_de_la_Fuente%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg/255px-Madre_Jer%C3%B3nima_de_la_Fuente%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Madre_Jer%C3%B3nima_de_la_Fuente%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg/340px-Madre_Jer%C3%B3nima_de_la_Fuente%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1269" data-file-height="1909" /></a><figcaption>Mother Jeronima of the Assumption, PCC, by <a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Diego Velázquez</a> (1620)</figcaption></figure> <p>There have been monasteries of the order in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> since colonial days. The Capuchin nuns alone number some 1,350 living in 73 different monasteries around the country.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A monastery was founded in <a href="/wiki/Huehuetenango" title="Huehuetenango">Huehuetenango</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, by nuns from the community in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, in November 1981, in the early days of a bloody <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a> which ravaged that country; as of 2011, it consisted of seven nuns; five Guatemalans and two <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador#Salvadoran_people" title="El Salvador">Salvadorans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MonasterySaintClaireJerusalemFeb252023_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/MonasterySaintClaireJerusalemFeb252023_05.jpg/220px-MonasterySaintClaireJerusalemFeb252023_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/MonasterySaintClaireJerusalemFeb252023_05.jpg/330px-MonasterySaintClaireJerusalemFeb252023_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/MonasterySaintClaireJerusalemFeb252023_05.jpg/440px-MonasterySaintClaireJerusalemFeb252023_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3961" data-file-height="2629" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monastery_Saint_Claire_(Jerusalem)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monastery Saint Claire (Jerusalem) (page does not exist)">Monastery Saint Claire in Jerusalem</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" class="extiw" title="he:מנזר סנט קלייר בירושלים">he</a>]</span></figcaption></figure> <p>The Poor Clares were massacred at <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a> during the reconquest of <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Acre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Acre">after</a> the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Crusades</a>. They returned to <a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares_of_Nazareth" class="mw-redirect" title="Poor Clares of Nazareth">Nazareth</a> in 1884 and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monastery_Saint_Claire_(Jerusalem)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monastery Saint Claire (Jerusalem) (page does not exist)">Jerusalem</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" class="extiw" title="he:מנזר סנט קלייר בירושלים">he</a>]</span> in 1888. <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">St<span class="nowrap"> </span>Charles de Foucauld</a> served both communities between 1897 and 1900. These French Clarissians were expelled from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> at the onset of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>; the communities were subsequently reestablished in 1949 amid the <a href="/wiki/Creation_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Creation of Israel">creation of Israel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philippines">Philippines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Poor Clare in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> was led by <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nima_de_la_Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Jerónima de la Asunción">Jeronima of the Assumption</a> who was authorized by the King of Spain and the <a href="/wiki/Minister_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister General">Minister General</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Order of Friars Minor</a> to go there to found a monastery. She was from <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo, Spain</a> and left Madrid in April 1620 in her 60s and arrived in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> on 5 August 1621 with other 14 sisters. They are the first contemplative nuns who arrived in the Philippine archipelago to support the active works of evangelization of the <a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a> working in the country through their life of contemplation, penance, poverty, and enclosure. </p><p>Together with the Alcantarine Friars who came to the Philippines in 1578 and strive to live the ideals of <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a> in a very rigorous way, the Poor Clare sisters also professed the Rule and life of <a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a>. They heightened their witnessing of the "privilege of poverty" of Clare by not having a permanent income but rather opened their gates of the Divine Providence through alms and the generosity of the people. </p><p>Their Monastery in <a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a> was severely devastated by an earthquake. However, through the efforts of the people around, it was rebuilt and has a larger space compared to the former monastery. During the war for independence in the year 1945, the monastery was destroyed again and the sisters were forced to evacuate the place. For the meantime, they were sheltered at the Minor Seminary of the Franciscans in San Francisco del Monte, Quezon City for 5 years. The present location of the Monastery is at Aurora Boulevard, C5, Katipunan, Quezon City. Because of the zeal for the contemplative life, the founder's cause is ongoing for beatification. </p><p>Apart from the said monastery, it also expand its presence from the different parts of the country. The country has 27 monasteries in total: <a href="/wiki/Sariaya" title="Sariaya">Sariaya</a> Quezon (1957); <a href="/wiki/Calbayog" title="Calbayog">Calbayog</a>, Samar (1965); Betis and <a href="/wiki/Guagua" title="Guagua">Guagua</a>, Pampanga (1968); <a href="/wiki/Cabuyao" title="Cabuyao">Cabuyao</a>, Laguna and Tayud, <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a> (1975): <a href="/wiki/Maria,_Siquijor" title="Maria, Siquijor">Maria, Siquijor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isabela,_Basilan" title="Isabela, Basilan">Isabela, Basilan</a> in (1986); Josefina, Zamboanga del Sur, (1989); <a href="/wiki/Kidapawan" title="Kidapawan">Kidapawan</a>, North Cotabato, <a href="/wiki/Balanga,_Bataan" title="Balanga, Bataan">Balanga</a> Bataan, <a href="/wiki/Lopez" class="mw-redirect" title="Lopez">Lopez</a> (Quezon Province), and Cabid-an, Sorsogon (1990); Guibang, Isabela, <a href="/wiki/Mondragon,_Northern_Samar" title="Mondragon, Northern Samar">Mondragon</a>, Northern Samar and <a href="/wiki/Naval,_Biliran" title="Naval, Biliran">Naval, Biliran</a> (1991); Iguig, Tuguegarao (1992); <a href="/wiki/Bolinao" title="Bolinao">Bolinao</a>, Pangasinan and <a href="/wiki/Cantilan" title="Cantilan">Cantilan</a>, Surigao del Sur (1993); <a href="/wiki/Boac,_Marinduque" title="Boac, Marinduque">Boac, Marinduque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polomolok" title="Polomolok">Polomolok</a>, South Cotabato (1998); <a href="/wiki/Aritao" title="Aritao">Aritao</a>, Nueva Vizcaya (1999); Tabon-tabon, <a href="/wiki/Albay" title="Albay">Albay</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_Antique" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose, Antique">San Jose, Antique</a> (2004); <a href="/wiki/Borongan" title="Borongan">Borongan</a>, Eastern Samar and <a href="/wiki/Malasiqui" title="Malasiqui">Malasiqui</a> Pangasinan (2011) and <a href="/wiki/Tabuk,_Kalinga" title="Tabuk, Kalinga">Tabuk</a>, Kalinga (2017). The Poor Clare Monastery in Palawan province is founded by the Monastery from China. </p><p>Furthermore, their expansion does not only limit in the Philippine archipelago but also helped the aging communities in <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, USA. They were able to found new monasteries in abroad such as in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hongkong" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongkong">Hongkong</a>. </p><p>There are also monastery from <a href="/wiki/Kiry%C5%AB,_Gunma" title="Kiryū, Gunma">Kiryū, Gunma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, which was founded from the monastery in Boston in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Connections_with_television">Connections with television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Connections with television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 1958, Saint Clare was declared the <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of television by the Catholic Church.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Eternal_Word_Television_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Eternal Word Television Network">Eternal Word Television Network</a> (EWTN) is operated by the Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration in <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>. It is privately owned.</li> <li>In June and July 2006, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a> broadcast a television series called <i><a href="/wiki/The_Convent_(television_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Convent (television series)">The Convent</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which four women were admitted to a Poor Clare monastery in southern England, for a period of six weeks, to observe the life.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colettine_Poor_Clares" title="Colettine Poor Clares">Colettine Poor Clares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capuchin_Poor_Clares" title="Capuchin Poor Clares">Capuchin Poor Clares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares_of_Perpetual_Adoration" title="Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration">Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMonastery" class="citation web cs1">Monastery, Franciscan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://myfranciscan.org/about/history-of-the-franciscans/#:~:text=The%20presence%20of%20the%20Franciscans,Francis%20of%20Assisi%20in%201209">"History of the Franciscans"</a>. <i>Franciscan Monastery of the Holy Land in America</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Franciscan+Monastery+of+the+Holy+Land+in+America&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Franciscans&rft.aulast=Monastery&rft.aufirst=Franciscan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmyfranciscan.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory-of-the-franciscans%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520presence%2520of%2520the%2520Franciscans%2CFrancis%2520of%2520Assisi%2520in%25201209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoor+Clares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Walsh (ed.). <i>Butler's lives of the Saints</i>, Burns and Oates (1991) p. 246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Poor Clare Tercentenary Record, 1629-1929: being a brief account of the lives and actions of certain devout women who restored the Poor Clare cloister to the Ireland of the early seventeenth century</i>. (1929). Cahill & Co.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farmer,_David_1997_p._103-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Farmer,_David_1997_p._103_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Farmer,_David_1997_p._103_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Farmer, David (ed.) <i>Oxford Dictionary of Saints</i>, Oxford University Press (1997), p. 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catholic_Encyclopedia-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_Encyclopedia_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12251b.htm">"Poor Clares"</a>. The Catholic Encyclopedia, New Advent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poor+Clares&rft.pub=The+Catholic+Encyclopedia%2C+New+Advent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F12251b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoor+Clares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica_2007,_p._603-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_2007,_p._603_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_2007,_p._603_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopædia Britannica, 2007, Vol.9. p. 603</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bert Roest, <i>Order and Disorder: The Poor Clares between Foundation and Reform</i> (Brill, 2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robson328-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robson328_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robson328_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i> Queen Isabella (c.1295/1358) and the Greyfriars: An example of royal patronage based on her accounts for 1357/1358</i>, Michael Robson, <i>Franciscan Studies</i>, Vol. 65 (2007), 328.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoest2011" class="citation journal cs1">Roest, Bert (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/41975513">"The Poor Clares during the Era of Observant Reforms: Attempts at a Typology"</a>. <i>Franciscan Studies</i>. <b>69</b>: <span class="nowrap">343–</span>386. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0080-5459">0080-5459</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41975513">41975513</a>.</cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Community+of+Poor+Clare+Nuns+of+Kokomo+IN%2C+Inc.&rft.atitle=Community+of+Poor+Clare+Nuns+of+Kokomo+IN%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthepoorclares.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoor+Clares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://poorclare.org/memphis/">"Capuchins,, Memphis"</a>. <i>poorclare.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=poorclare.org&rft.atitle=Capuchins%2C%2C+Memphis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpoorclare.org%2Fmemphis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoor+Clares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://poor-clares.org">"Bethlehem Monastery - Barhamsville, Virginia"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bethlehem+Monastery+-+Barhamsville%2C+Virginia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpoor-clares.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoor+Clares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://poorclarepa.org">"Poor Clare PA – Langhorne, PA"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poor+Clares+of+Roswell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poorclares-roswell.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoor+Clares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calledbyjoy.com">"Called by Joy - The Poor Clare Sisters of Spokane, Washington"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Called+by+Joy+-+The+Poor+Clare+Sisters+of+Spokane%2C+Washington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcalledbyjoy.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoor+Clares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://poorclareswdc.org">"Welcome"</a>. <i>Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration, Washington, DC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poor+Clares+of+Perpetual+Adoration%2C+Washington%2C+DC&rft.atitle=Welcome&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpoorclareswdc.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoor+Clares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131208175321/http://artyswebdesign.netfirms.com/poorclare/">"Dwelling For The Lord"</a>. <i>Poor Clares of New York</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artyswebdesign.netfirms.com/poorclare">the original</a> on 8 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poor+Clares+of+New+York&rft.atitle=Dwelling+For+The+Lord&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartyswebdesign.netfirms.com%2Fpoorclare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoor+Clares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Clare of Assisi: On the Wealth of Poverty</i>, by Martina Kreidler-Kos and Sr. Ancilla Röttger, OSC <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7468-2569-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7468-2569-7">978-2-7468-2569-7</a> Published by Editions du Signe, France</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capuchins.org/whoweare.html">"Capuchin"</a>. <i>www.capuchins.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.capuchins.org&rft.atitle=Capuchin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capuchins.org%2Fwhoweare.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoor+Clares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hermanas Clarisas "Sobre Nosotras" <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://hermanasclarisas.com/about-us/">[1]</a><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://poorclare.org/japan/">"Poor Clares, Japan"</a>. <i>poorclare.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=poorclare.org&rft.atitle=Poor+Clares%2C+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpoorclare.org%2Fjapan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoor+Clares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091119063225/http://www.poorclaresarundel.org/Pages/CONVENTDefault.aspx">"Poor Clares Arundel"</a>. <i>www.poorclaresarundel.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poorclaresarundel.org/Pages/CONVENTDefault.aspx">the original</a> on 19 November 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.poorclaresarundel.org&rft.atitle=Poor+Clares+Arundel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poorclaresarundel.org%2FPages%2FCONVENTDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoor+Clares" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Clares&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://www.poorclaresarundel.org/theConvent/home">The Convent</a></i> television series</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Clares, Poor"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Clares,_Poor">"Clares, Poor" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Clares%2C+Poor&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoor+Clares" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Francis_of_Assisi" title="Template:Francis of Assisi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Francis_of_Assisi" title="Template talk:Francis of Assisi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Francis_of_Assisi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Francis of Assisi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Francis_of_Assisi269" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Order of Friars Minor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Custody_of_the_Holy_Land" title="Custody of the Holy Land">Custody of the Holy Land</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Order of Saint Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular Franciscan Order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Third Order of Saint Francis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StFrancis_part.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/StFrancis_part.jpg/120px-StFrancis_part.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/StFrancis_part.jpg/180px-StFrancis_part.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/StFrancis_part.jpg/240px-StFrancis_part.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Works by Francis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canticle_of_the_Sun" title="Canticle of the Sun">Canticle of the Sun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Created</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Greccio" title="Sanctuary of Greccio">Sanctuary of Greccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">Nativity scene (live)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Honors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Francis_and_Catherine" title="Feast of Saints Francis and Catherine">Feast of Saints Francis and Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Animal_Day" title="World Animal Day">World Animal Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Literature about</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Flowers_of_St._Francis" title="Little Flowers of St. Francis">Little Flowers of St. Francis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Visual art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_in_Ecstasy_(Bellini)" title="Saint Francis in Ecstasy (Bellini)">Saint Francis in Ecstasy</a></i> (Bellini)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nativity_with_Saint_Francis_and_Saint_Lawrence" title="Nativity with Saint Francis and Saint Lawrence">Nativity with Saint Francis and Saint Lawrence</a></i> (Caravaggio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_in_Meditation_(Caravaggio)" title="Saint Francis in Meditation (Caravaggio)">Saint Francis in Meditation</a></i> (Caravaggio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_in_Prayer_(Caravaggio)" title="Saint Francis in Prayer (Caravaggio)">Saint Francis in Prayer</a></i> (Caravaggio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_of_Assisi_in_Ecstasy_(Caravaggio)" title="Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy (Caravaggio)">Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy</a></i> (Caravaggio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_Receiving_the_Stigmata_(van_Eyck)" title="Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata (van Eyck)">Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata</a></i> (van Eyck)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_Receiving_the_Stigmata_(Giotto)" title="Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata (Giotto)">Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata</a></i> (Giotto)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_(Gon%C3%A7alves)" title="Saint Francis (Gonçalves)">Saint Francis</a></i> (Gonçalves)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_of_Assisi_in_Ecstasy_(El_Greco,_1600)" title="Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy (El Greco, 1600)">Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy</a></i> (studio of El Greco)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_(Zurbar%C3%A1n,_Lyon)" title="Saint Francis (Zurbarán, Lyon)">Saint Francis</a></i> (Zurbarán)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_in_Ecstasy_(Zurbar%C3%A1n)" title="Saint Francis in Ecstasy (Zurbarán)">Saint Francis in Ecstasy</a></i> (Zurbarán)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/All_Creatures_of_Our_God_and_King" title="All Creatures of Our God and King">All Creatures of Our God and King</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Canticle_of_the_Sun_(Sowerby)" title="The Canticle of the Sun (Sowerby)">The Canticle of the Sun</a></i> (Sowerby)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Laudi" title="Le Laudi">Le Laudi</a></i> (Suter oratorio)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deux_l%C3%A9gendes_(Liszt)" title="Deux légendes (Liszt)"><i>Légende No. 1</i> (Liszt)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laudato_si%27_(oratorio)" title="Laudato si' (oratorio)">Laudato si'</a></i> (Reulein oratorio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quatre_petites_pri%C3%A8res_de_saint_Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Assise" title="Quatre petites prières de saint François d'Assise">Quatre petites prières de saint François d'Assise</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nobilissima_Visione" title="Nobilissima Visione">Nobilissima Visione</a></i> (1938 ballet)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Assise" title="Saint François d'Assise">Saint François d'Assise</a></i> (1983 Messiaen opera)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samstag_aus_Licht" title="Samstag aus Licht">Samstag aus Licht</a></i> (1983 Stockhausen opera)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Frate_Sole" title="Frate Sole">Frate Sole</a></i> (1918)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flowers_of_St._Francis" title="The Flowers of St. Francis">The Flowers of St. Francis</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi_(film)" title="Francis of Assisi (film)">Francis of Assisi</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francesco_di_Assisi" title="Francesco di Assisi">Francesco di Assisi</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brother_Sun,_Sister_Moon" title="Brother Sun, Sister Moon">Brother Sun, Sister Moon</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francesco_(1989_film)" title="Francesco (1989 film)">Francesco</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Francis_(film)" title="St. Francis (film)">St. Francis</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clare_and_Francis" title="Clare and Francis">Clare and Francis</a></i> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_after_Saint_Francis" title="List of places named after Saint Francis">List of places named after Saint Francis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Foligno" title="Madonna of Foligno">Madonna of Foligno</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_of_Gubbio" title="Wolf of Gubbio">Wolf of Gubbio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discalced" title="Discalced">Discalced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Saint_Francis" title="Prayer of Saint Francis">Prayer of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Francis" title="Society of Saint Francis">Society of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Sermon_of_St._Francis" title="The Sermon of St. Francis">The Sermon of St. Francis</a>" (poem)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pranchiyettan_%26_the_Saint" title="Pranchiyettan & the Saint">Pranchiyettan & the Saint</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Franciscans803" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist wraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #A0522D; color: white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Franciscans" title="Template:Franciscans"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Franciscans" title="Template talk:Franciscans"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Franciscans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Franciscans"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Franciscans803" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Franciscans</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #A0522D; color: white;"><div>Organisations founded or inspired by <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi"><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Saint Francis</span></b></a> (1181–1226)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #A0522D; color: white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Saint_Francis" title="Rule of Saint Francis">Rule of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Rule of Saint Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_cross" title="Tau cross">Tau Cross</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Crown" title="Franciscan Crown">Franciscan Crown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custos_(Franciscans)" title="Custos (Franciscans)">Custos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Custody_of_the_Holy_Land" title="Custody of the Holy Land">Custodian of the Holy Land</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_General_(Franciscan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister General (Franciscan)">Minister General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_general_of_the_Order_of_Friars_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ministers general of the Order of Friars Minor">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Francis_of_Assisi" title="Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi">Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assisi" title="Assisi">Assisi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mount_of_piety" title="Mount of piety">Monte di Pietá</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_missions_to_the_Maya" title="Franciscan missions to the Maya">Franciscan missions to the Maya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Studium_Biblicum_Franciscanum" title="Studium Biblicum Franciscanum">Studium Biblicum Franciscanum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscans_International" title="Franciscans International">Franciscans International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_spirituality_in_Protestantism" title="Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism">Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0.8em 0.9em 3em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="PioM"><img alt="PioM" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg/80px-FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg/120px-FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg/160px-FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1917" data-file-height="1172" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #A0522D; color: white;;width:1%">Orders<br />and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Order of Friars Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Conventual" title="Order of Friars Minor Conventual">Order of Friars Minor Conventual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin" title="Order of Friars Minor Capuchin">Order of Friars Minor Capuchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Friars_of_the_Immaculate" title="Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate">Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Friars_of_the_Renewal" title="Franciscan Friars of the Renewal">Franciscan Friars of the Renewal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poor Clares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capuchin_Poor_Clares" title="Capuchin Poor Clares">Capuchin Poor Clares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colettine_Poor_Clares" title="Colettine Poor Clares">Colettine Poor Clares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptionists" title="Conceptionists">Conceptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular Franciscan Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Third Order of Saint Francis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_and_Sisters_of_Penance_of_Saint_Francis" title="Brothers and Sisters of Penance of Saint Francis">Brothers and Sisters of Penance of Saint Francis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minims_(religious_order)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minims (religious order)">Order of Minims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Immaculatae" title="Militia Immaculatae">Militia Immaculatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Minims_of_the_Perpetual_Help_of_Mary" title="Franciscan Minims of the Perpetual Help of Mary">Franciscan Minims of the Perpetual Help of Mary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #A0522D; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Popes</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Gregory IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_X" title="Pope Gregory X">Gregory X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_IV" title="Pope Nicholas IV">Nicholas IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV" title="Pope Sixtus IV">Sixtus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_II" title="Pope Julius II">Julius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Sixtus V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_XIV" title="Pope Clement XIV">Clement XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #A0522D; color: white;"><div> <ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_religious_institutes" title="Template:Catholic religious institutes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_religious_institutes" title="Template talk:Catholic religious institutes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_religious_institutes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic religious institutes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_religious_institutes283" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Catholic religious institutes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Male<br />and<br />female</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexians" title="Alexians">Alexians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumptionists" title="Assumptionists">Assumptionists</a> (AA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Augustinian_Recollects" title="Order of Augustinian Recollects">Augustinian Recollects</a> (OAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilian_Aleppian_Order" title="Basilian Aleppian Order">Basilian Aleppians</a> (BA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilian_Chouerite_Order_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist" title="Basilian Chouerite Order of Saint John the Baptist">Basilian Chouerites</a> (BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictines</a> (OSB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgettines" title="Bridgettines">Bridgettines</a> (OSsS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canossians" title="Canossians">Canossians</a> (FDCC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a> (OCarm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusians</a> (OCart)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercians</a> (OCist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Sion" title="Congregation of Our Lady of Sion">Congregation of Our Lady of Sion</a> (NDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Sacred_Hearts_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary">Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary</a> (SSCC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discalced_Carmelites" title="Discalced Carmelites">Discalced Carmelites</a> (OCD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a> (OP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a> (OFM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_the_Incarnate_Word" title="Institute of the Incarnate Word">Institute of the Incarnate Word</a> (IVE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_of_Mercy" title="Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy">Mercedarians</a> (O de M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_Charity" title="Missionaries of Charity">Missionaries of Charity</a> (MC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_St._Charles_Borromeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo">Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo</a> (CS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastic_Family_of_Bethlehem,_of_the_Assumption_of_the_Virgin_and_of_Saint_Bruno" title="Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno">Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonstratensians" title="Premonstratensians">Premonstratensians</a> (OPraem)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants_of_Charity" title="Servants of Charity">Servants of Charity</a> (SC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servite_Order" title="Servite Order">Servite Order</a> (OSM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Atonement" title="Society of the Atonement">Society of the Atonement</a> (SA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_Regular_of_Saint_Francis_of_Penance" title="Third Order Regular of Saint Francis of Penance">TOR Franciscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trappists" title="Trappists">Trappists</a> (OCSO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarians" title="Trinitarians">Trinitarian Order</a> (OSST)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Vatican City"><img alt="Coat of arms of Vatican City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/75px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of Vatican City</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Male</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerics_Regular_Minor" title="Clerics Regular Minor">Adorno Fathers</a> (CRM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertine_Brothers" title="Albertine Brothers">Albertine Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a> (OSA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabites" title="Barnabites">Barnabites</a> (B)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_St._Basil" title="Congregation of St. Basil">Basilians</a> (CSB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Mercy_of_Our_Lady_of_Perpetual_Help" title="Brothers of Mercy of Our Lady of Perpetual Help">Brothers of Our Lady of Mercy</a> (FDM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillians" title="Camillians">Camillians</a> (MI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John_Cantius_Church_(Chicago)" title="St. John Cantius Church (Chicago)">Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin" title="Order of Friars Minor Capuchin">Capuchins</a> (OFM Cap)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Christian_Brothers" title="Congregation of Christian Brothers">Christian Brothers (Irish)</a> (CFC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregatio_Discipulorum_Domini" title="Congregatio Discipulorum Domini">Congregatio Discipulorum Domini</a> (CDD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CICM_Missionaries" title="CICM Missionaries">Immaculate Heart of Mary</a> (CICM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament">Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament</a> (SSS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claretians" title="Claretians">Claretians</a> (CMF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Saint_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux">Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux</a> (CST)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Conventual" title="Order of Friars Minor Conventual">Conventual Franciscans</a> (OFM Conv)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross">Crosiers</a> (OSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_Brothers" title="De La Salle Brothers">De La Salle Brothers</a> (FSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discalced_Augustinians" title="Discalced Augustinians">Discalced Augustinians</a> (OAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Friars_of_the_Renewal" title="Franciscan Friars of the Renewal">Franciscan Friars of the Renewal</a> (CFR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Missionaries_of_the_Eternal_Word" title="Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word">Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word</a> (MFVA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfort_Brothers_of_St._Gabriel" title="Montfort Brothers of St. Gabriel">Gabrielites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Holy_Cross" title="Congregation of Holy Cross">Holy Cross</a> (CSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Holy_Spirit" title="Congregation of the Holy Spirit">Holy Ghost Fathers</a> (CSSp)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephites_(Maryland)" title="Josephites (Maryland)">Josephites</a> (SSJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionaries_of_Christ" title="Legionaries of Christ">Legionaries of Christ</a> (LC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Little Brothers of Jesus">Little Brothers of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Marian_Fathers_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Congregation of Marian Fathers of the Immaculate Conception">Marians of the Immaculate Conception</a> (MIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Society of Jesus (Jesuits)</a> (SJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Mary_(Marianists)" title="Society of Mary (Marianists)">Society of Mary (Marianists)</a> (SM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Mary_(Marists)" title="Society of Mary (Marists)">Society of Mary (Marists)</a> (SM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Divine_Word" title="Society of the Divine Word">Society of the Divine Word</a> (SVD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Edmund" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Saint Edmund">Society of Saint Edmund</a> (SSE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marist_Brothers" title="Marist Brothers">Marist Brothers</a> (FMS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekhitarists" title="Mekhitarists">Mechitarists</a> (CAM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comboni_Missionaries_of_the_Heart_of_Jesus" title="Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus">Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus</a> (MCCI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_La_Salette" title="Missionaries of La Salette">Missionaries of La Salette</a> (MS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_St._Francis_de_Sales" title="Missionaries of St. Francis de Sales">Missionaries of St. Francis de Sales</a> (MSFS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_the_Poor" title="Missionaries of the Poor">Missionaries of the Poor</a> (MOP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Missionaries of the Sacred Heart">Missionaries of the Sacred Heart</a> (MSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionaries_of_the_Sacred_Hearts_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary">Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Oblates_of_Mary_Immaculate" title="Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate">Oblates of Mary Immaculate</a> (OMI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblates_of_the_Virgin_Mary" title="Oblates of the Virgin Mary">Oblates of the Virgin Mary</a> (OMV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblates_of_St._Francis_de_Sales" title="Oblates of St. Francis de Sales">Oblates of St. Francis de Sales</a> (OSFS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Order of Friars Minor</a> (OFM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passionists" title="Passionists">Passionists</a> (CP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Paul_the_First_Hermit" title="Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit">Pauline Fathers</a> (OSPPE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptorists" title="Redemptorists">Redemptorists</a> (CSsR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogationists" title="Rogationists">Rogationists of the Heart of Jesus</a> (RCJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Brothers of the Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesians_of_Don_Bosco" title="Salesians of Don Bosco">Salesians</a> (SDB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Servants of Jesus and Mary">Servants of Jesus and Mary</a> (SJM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Most_Holy_Redeemer" title="Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer">Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer</a> (FSSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stigmatines" title="Stigmatines">Stigmatines</a> (CSS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xaverian_Brothers" title="Xaverian Brothers">Xaverian Brothers</a> (CFX)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Female</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adorers_of_the_Blood_of_Christ" title="Adorers of the Blood of Christ">Adorers of the Blood of Christ</a> (ASC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Apostolic_Carmel" title="Sisters of the Apostolic Carmel">Apostolic Carmel</a> (AC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilian_Aleppian_Sisters" title="Basilian Aleppian Sisters">Basilian Aleppian Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilian_Chouerite_Sisters" title="Basilian Chouerite Sisters">Basilian Chouerite Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigidine_Sisters" title="Brigidine Sisters">Brigidines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> (CSIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelite_Sisters_of_Saint_Teresa" title="Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa">Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa</a> (CSST)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Hospitaller_Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception">Congregation of the Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception</a> (FHIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Divine_Love" title="Daughters of Divine Love">Daughters of Divine Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Mary_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Daughters of Mary of the Immaculate Conception">Daughters of Mary of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_Holy_Heart_of_Mary" title="Daughters of the Holy Heart of Mary">Daughters of the Holy Heart of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faithful_Companions_of_Jesus" title="Faithful Companions of Jesus">Faithful Companions of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felician_Sisters" title="Felician Sisters">Felicians</a> (CSSF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Teachers_Filippini" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Teachers Filippini">Filippini Sisters</a> (MPF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handmaids_of_the_Heart_of_Jesus" title="Handmaids of the Heart of Jesus">Handmaids of the Heart of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handmaids_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus" title="Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus">Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Jesus_(Spain)" title="Daughters of Jesus (Spain)">Hijas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_Adoration_Sisters" title="Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters">Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Loreto" title="Sisters of Loreto">Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Sisters_Disciples_of_the_Lamb" title="Little Sisters Disciples of the Lamb">Little Sisters Disciples of the Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Sisters_of_Jesus" title="Little Sisters of Jesus">Little Sisters of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Sisters_of_the_Poor" title="Little Sisters of the Poor">Little Sisters of the Poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_the_Gospel_Community" title="Living the Gospel Community">Living the Gospel Community</a> (LGC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovers_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Lovers of the Holy Cross">Lovers of the Holy Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianites_of_Holy_Cross" title="Marianites of Holy Cross">Marianites of Holy Cross</a> (MSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryknoll_Sisters_of_St._Dominic" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryknoll Sisters of St. Dominic">Maryknoll Sisters</a> (MM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_of_the_Mother_of_God" title="Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Mother of God">Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Mother of God</a> (SMIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a> (ICM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Sisters_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart">Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Sisters_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus" title="Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus">Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> (MSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate_Sisters_of_Providence" title="Oblate Sisters of Providence">Oblate Sisters of Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblates_of_Jesus_the_Priest" title="Oblates of Jesus the Priest">Oblates of Jesus the Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate_Sisters_of_the_Virgin_Mary_of_Fatima" title="Oblate Sisters of the Virgin Mary of Fatima">Oblate Sisters of the Virgin Mary of Fatima</a> (OMVF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity" title="Order of Our Lady of Charity">Order of Our Lady of Charity</a> (ODNC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poor Clares</a> (OSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clare_Missionaries_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Poor Clare Missionaries of the Blessed Sacrament">Poor Clare Missionaries of the Blessed Sacrament</a> (MC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Society of the Sacred Heart">Religious of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a> (RSCJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_of_the_Virgin_Mary" title="Religious of the Virgin Mary">Religious of the Virgin Mary</a> (RVM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants_of_St._Joseph" title="Servants of St. Joseph">Servants of St. Joseph</a> (SSJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament">Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Charity" title="Sisters of Charity">Sisters of Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Charity_of_Saints_Bartolomea_Capitanio_and_Vincenza_Gerosa_(SCCG)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisters of Charity of Saints Bartolomea Capitanio and Vincenza Gerosa (SCCG)">Sisters of Charity of Saints Bartolomea Capitanio and Vincenza Gerosa (SCCG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Christian_Doctrine_of_Nancy" title="Sisters of Christian Doctrine of Nancy">Sisters of Christian Doctrine of Nancy</a> (DC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Cross_and_Passion" title="Sisters of the Cross and 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Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Social_Service" title="Sisters of Social Service">Sisters of Social Service</a> (sss)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Servants of the Blessed Sacrament">Servants of the Blessed Sacrament</a> (SSS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursulines" title="Ursulines">Ursulines</a> (OSU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Sisters_of_Our_Lady_of_Africa" title="Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa">White Sisters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">Third orders</a> of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Catholic laity</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" 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