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class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info-current"><p><b>这是<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F">藏文转写系统</a></span>的<a href="/wiki/Help:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Help:页面历史">当前版本</a>，由<span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/User:Cz2018764171" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Cz2018764171" data-mw-revid="85105612"><bdi>Cz2018764171</bdi></a><span class="mw-usertoollinks">（<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Cz2018764171" 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title="Special:用户贡献/Cz2018764171">贡献</a>）</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&diff=prev&oldid=85105612" title="藏文转写系统">差异</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&direction=prev&oldid=85105612" title="藏文转写系统">←上一修订</a> | 最后版本 (差异) | 下一修订→ (差异)</div></div></div></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><p><b>藏文转写系统</b>是指将<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="藏文字母">藏文字母</a>转换成<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>，从而使<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="藏语">藏语</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96" title="罗马化">罗马化</a>的一套<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" class="mw-redirect" title="转写">转写</a>系统。现在通用的是<b>威利</b>（Wylie）转写方案。除此之外还有美国国会图书馆（United States Library of Congress）的<b><a href="/wiki/USLC%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB" title="USLC藏文轉寫">USLC藏文转写</a></b>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="東北大學 (日本)">日本東北大學</a>《德格版西藏大藏經總目錄》所使用的轉寫系統，以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="弗吉尼亚大学">弗吉尼亚大学</a>西藏喜马拉雅图书馆（The Tibetan & Himalayan Library）的<a href="/wiki/EWTS" class="mw-redirect" title="EWTS">EWTS</a>、<a href="/wiki/THL%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB" title="THL藏文轉寫">THL</a>。 </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">目录</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">转写比較</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">藏文</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">元音</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#%E5%A4%A7%E5%86%99"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">大写</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">梵文</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">转写数字</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#%E6%A0%87%E7%82%B9%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">标点符号</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#ETWS_%E7%BC%BA%E9%BB%9E"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">ETWS 缺點</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">参考文献</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#%E5%8F%82%E8%A7%81"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">参见</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">外部链接</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="转写比較"><span id=".E8.BD.AC.E5.86.99.E6.AF.94.E8.BC.83"></span>转写比較</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：转写比較" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%88%A9%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="威利转写">威利转写</a></div> <p>威利转写方案是<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="藏学">藏学</a>界尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>藏学界的标准转写方案，并以威利的姓氏来命名。威利轉寫只侷限於藏文，對於藏文中轉寫梵文的字母沒有特別設計。 </p><p>USLC藏文轉寫比流行的威利轉寫更能準確對應梵文，比如ཐོན་མི་སཾབྷོཊ་ 威利轉寫爲thon-mi sam-bho-ta，སཾབྷོཊ་是梵文詞語，如果沒有藏文，僅從威利轉寫，只能判斷ta是ཏ，無法得知是ཊ。而USLC轉寫，是thon-mi sam-bho-ṭa，可以和梵文準確對應。USLC藏文轉寫的梵文部分和國際流行的梵文轉寫IAST相同。 </p><p>USLC有时也称ALA-LC romanization American Library Association - Library of Congress. </p><p>如果一篇文章同時有藏文和梵文，如果藏文轉寫使用威利，梵文則使用流行的IAST/USLC方案，則一個藏文字母就會兩種轉寫。如ང 威利 nga ,USLC ṅa。除此之外还有，ཉ nya ña，，ཤ sha，śa。如果使用USLC则没有这个问题。 </p><p>威利轉寫把藏文འ 轉寫爲' ，但是這種轉寫在拉丁文中，不符合拉丁文的書寫，因此日本東北大學《德格版西藏大藏經總目錄》所使用的轉寫系統將འ用ḥ來轉寫。 </p><p>EWTS是Extended Wylie Transcription System的縮寫，由西藏喜馬拉雅圖書館（The Tibetan & Himalayan Library）網站推出，意為擴展威利轉寫系統，是威利轉寫的一種擴展，可以輸入藏文中的梵文字母，以及多種符號，不像IAST/USLC帶有上標符號。但缺點是有些文字表示還要以“+”呈現，更像是一種輸入系統。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="藏文"><span id=".E8.97.8F.E6.96.87"></span>藏文</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：藏文" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" cellpadding="8" style="font-size: large"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%88%A9%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="威利轉寫">威利</a></th> <th>USLC</th> <th>中国</th> <th rowspan="8"></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%88%A9%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="威利轉寫">威利</a></th> <th>USLC</th> <th>中国</th> <th rowspan="8"></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%88%A9%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="威利轉寫">威利</a></th> <th>USLC</th> <th>中国</th> <th rowspan="8"></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%88%A9%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="威利轉寫">威利</a></th> <th>USLC</th> <th>中国 </th></tr> <tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64579233">.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Qomolangma-Dunhuang","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","Qomolangma-Woodblock","BabelStone Tibetan Slim",Jomolhari,"Yagpo Tibetan Uni","DDC Uchen","DDC Rinzin",Kailash,"TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni",Wangdi29,"Noto Serif Tibetan","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}</style><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཀ</span></td> <td>ka</td> <td>ka</td> <td>ka </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཁ</span></td> <td>kha</td> <td>kha</td> <td>kha </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ག</span></td> <td>ga</td> <td>ga</td> <td>ga </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ང</span></td> <td>nga</td> <td>ṅa</td> <td>ṅa </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཅ</span></td> <td>ca</td> <td>ca</td> <td>ca </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཆ</span></td> <td>cha</td> <td>cha</td> <td>cha </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཇ</span></td> <td>ja</td> <td>ja</td> <td>ja </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཉ</span></td> <td>nya</td> <td>ña</td> <td>ṅa </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཏ</span></td> <td>ta</td> <td>ta</td> <td>ta </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཐ</span></td> <td>tha</td> <td>tha</td> <td>tha </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ད</span></td> <td>da</td> <td>da</td> <td>da </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ན</span></td> <td>na</td> <td>na</td> <td>na </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">པ</span></td> <td>pa</td> <td>pa</td> <td>pa </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཕ</span></td> <td>pha</td> <td>pha</td> <td>pha </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">བ</span></td> <td>ba</td> <td>ba</td> <td>ba </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">མ</span></td> <td>ma</td> <td>ma</td> <td>ma </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཙ</span></td> <td>tsa</td> <td>tsa</td> <td>tsa </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཚ</span></td> <td>tsha</td> <td>tsha</td> <td>tsha </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཛ</span></td> <td>dza</td> <td>dza</td> <td>dsa </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཝ</span></td> <td>wa</td> <td>wa</td> <td>wa </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཞ</span></td> <td>zha</td> <td>źa</td> <td>sha </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཟ</span></td> <td>za</td> <td>za</td> <td>za </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">འ</span></td> <td>'a</td> <td>'a</td> <td>ḥa </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཡ</span></td> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> <td>ya </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ར</span></td> <td>ra</td> <td>ra</td> <td>ra </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ལ</span></td> <td>la</td> <td>la</td> <td>la </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཤ</span></td> <td>sha</td> <td>śa</td> <td>śa </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ས</span></td> <td>sa</td> <td>sa</td> <td>sa </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཧ</span></td> <td>ha</td> <td>ha</td> <td>ha </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>零聲母 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨ</span> 未被转写，以元音开头的音节都含有这个字母，可以通过这个特徵来准确判断它的存在。 </p><p>在藏文字母中，同一个<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音节">音节</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="辅音字母">辅音字母</a>群，既可能以前后缀的形式出现，也可能作为“根字母”的上缀或下缀。对藏文字母的前后缀与上下缀，威利转写系统并不区分，因为这并不会构成混淆——除了<i>gy-</i>，既可能是<i>g</i>作为前缀使用，也可能是<i>y</i>作为下缀使用。威利转写系统作了以下区分：当<i>g</i>作为前缀时，在<i>g</i>与<i>y</i>之间加一點「<i>.</i>」。如：<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">གྱང</span>（意为“墙”）转写成<i>gyang</i>，<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">གཡང་</span>（意为“裂口”）转写成<i>g.yang</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="元音"><span id=".E5.85.83.E9.9F.B3"></span>元音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：元音" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>藏文字母的四个<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="元音">元音</a>符号如此转写<i>（以零声母 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨ</span> 为例）</i>： </p> <table cellpadding="8" style="font-size: x-large"> <tbody><tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨི</span> i</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨུ</span> u</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨེ</span> e</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨོ</span> o </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>当藏文字母的音节不含元音符号时，该音节将发<i>a</i>，威利转写系统在这种音节中加入<i>a</i>，如：<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨ་</span> = a 。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大写"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E5.86.99"></span>大写</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：大写" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>在藏文字母中，大写的是“根字母”而非首字母。以前的许多转写系统也遵循藏文字母的这种字母大写规则，但这种大写方式与拉丁字母的大写惯例相左。而威利转写系统则遵循了拉丁字母的大写惯例：当一个单词需要大写时，大写其首字母。因此，<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E4%B8%BE%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="噶举派">噶举</a>（བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་）大写成<i>Bka' brgyud</i>而非<i>bKa' brgyud</i>。 </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="梵文"><span id=".E6.A2.B5.E6.96.87"></span>梵文</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：梵文" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>元音 </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%;"> <th><a href="/wiki/IAST" title="IAST">IAST</a></th> <th>梵文<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="天城體">天城体</a></th> <th>藏文字母</th> <th><a href="/wiki/ETWS" class="mw-redirect" title="ETWS">ETWS</a></th> <th rowspan="10"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/IAST" title="IAST">IAST</a></th> <th>梵文<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="天城體">天城体</a></th> <th>藏文字母</th> <th><a href="/wiki/ETWS" class="mw-redirect" title="ETWS">ETWS</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>a</td> <td>अ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨ</span></td> <td>a </td> <td>ā</td> <td>आ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨཱ</span></td> <td>A </td></tr> <tr> <td>i</td> <td>इ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨི</span></td> <td>i </td> <td>ī</td> <td>ई</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨཱི</span></td> <td>I </td></tr> <tr> <td>u</td> <td>उ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨུ</span></td> <td>u </td> <td>ū</td> <td>ऊ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨཱུ</span></td> <td>U </td></tr> <tr> <td>e</td> <td>ए</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨེ</span></td> <td>e </td> <td>ai</td> <td>ऐ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨཻ</span></td> <td>ai </td></tr> <tr> <td>o</td> <td>ओ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨོ</span></td> <td>o </td> <td>au</td> <td>औ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨཽ</span></td> <td>au </td></tr> <tr> <td>ṛ</td> <td>ऋ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">རྀ</span></td> <td>r-i </td> <td>ṝ</td> <td>ॠ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">རཱྀ</span></td> <td>r-I </td></tr> <tr> <td>ḷ</td> <td>ऌ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ལྀ</span></td> <td>l-i </td> <td>ḹ</td> <td>ॡ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ལཱྀ</span></td> <td>l-I </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">aṃ</td> <td>अं</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨཾ</span></td> <td>aM </td> <td rowspan="2">aḥ</td> <td rowspan="2"> अः</td> <td rowspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨཿ</span></td> <td rowspan="2">aH </td></tr> <tr> <td>अँ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨྃ</span></td> <td>a~M </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>辅音 </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%;"> <th><a href="/wiki/IAST" title="IAST">IAST</a></th> <th>梵文<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="天城體">天城体</a></th> <th>藏文字母</th> <th><a href="/wiki/ETWS" class="mw-redirect" title="ETWS">ETWS</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>ka</td> <td>क</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཀ</span></td> <td>ka </td></tr> <tr> <td>kha</td> <td>ख</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཁ</span></td> <td>kha </td></tr> <tr> <td>ga</td> <td>ग</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ག</span></td> <td>ga </td></tr> <tr> <td>gha</td> <td>घ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">གྷ</span></td> <td>g+ha </td></tr> <tr> <td>ṅa</td> <td>ङ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ང</span></td> <td>nga </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ca</td> <td>च</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཙ</span></td> <td>tsa </td></tr> <tr> <td>cha</td> <td>छ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཚ</span></td> <td>tsha </td></tr> <tr> <td>ja</td> <td>ज</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཛ</span></td> <td>dza </td></tr> <tr> <td>jha</td> <td>झ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཛྷ</span></td> <td>dz+ha </td></tr> <tr> <td>ña</td> <td>ञ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཉ</span></td> <td>nya </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ṭa</td> <td>ट</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཊ</span></td> <td>Ta </td></tr> <tr> <td>ṭha</td> <td>ठ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཋ</span></td> <td>Tha </td></tr> <tr> <td>ḍa</td> <td>ड</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཌ</span></td> <td>Da </td></tr> <tr> <td>ḍha</td> <td>ढ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཌྷ</span></td> <td>D+ha </td></tr> <tr> <td>ṇa</td> <td>ण</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཎ</span></td> <td>Na </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ta</td> <td>त</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཏ</span></td> <td>ta </td></tr> <tr> <td>tha</td> <td>थ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཐ</span></td> <td>tha </td></tr> <tr> <td>da</td> <td>द</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ད</span></td> <td>da </td></tr> <tr> <td>dha</td> <td>ध</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">དྷ</span></td> <td>d+ha </td></tr> <tr> <td>na</td> <td>न</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ན</span></td> <td>na </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>pa</td> <td>प</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">པ</span></td> <td>pa </td></tr> <tr> <td>pha</td> <td>फ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཕ</span></td> <td>pha </td></tr> <tr> <td>ba</td> <td>ब</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">བ</span></td> <td>ba </td></tr> <tr> <td>bha</td> <td>भ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">བྷ</span></td> <td>b+ha </td></tr> <tr> <td>ma</td> <td>म</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">མ</span></td> <td>ma </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ya</td> <td>य</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཡ</span></td> <td>ya </td></tr> <tr> <td>ra</td> <td>र</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ར</span></td> <td>ra </td></tr> <tr> <td>la</td> <td>ल</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ལ</span></td> <td>la </td></tr> <tr> <td>va</td> <td>व</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཝ</span></td> <td>wa </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>śa</td> <td>श</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཤ</span></td> <td>sha </td></tr> <tr> <td>ṣa</td> <td>ष</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཥ</span></td> <td>Sha </td></tr> <tr> <td>sa</td> <td>स</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ས</span></td> <td>sa </td></tr> <tr> <td>ha</td> <td>ह</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཧ</span></td> <td>ha </td></tr> <tr> <td>kṣa</td> <td>क्ष</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཀྵ</span></td> <td>k+Sha </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>च छ ज झ(ca cha ja jha)轉寫為 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཙ ཚ ཛ ཛྷ</span>(tsa tsha dza dzha)是古往規定，現代轉寫也可用 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཅ ཆ ཇ ཇྷ</span>(ca cha ja jha)。</li></ul> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%;"> <th>!<a href="/wiki/IAST" title="IAST">IAST</a></th> <th>梵文<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="天城體">天城体</a></th> <th>藏文字母</th> <th><a href="/wiki/ETWS" class="mw-redirect" title="ETWS">ETWS</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>ca</td> <td>च</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཅ</span></td> <td>ca </td></tr> <tr> <td>cha</td> <td>छ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཆ</span></td> <td>cha </td></tr> <tr> <td>ja</td> <td>ज</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཇ</span></td> <td>ja </td></tr> <tr> <td>jha</td> <td>झ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཇྷ</span></td> <td>j+ha </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/%E0%A5%90" class="mw-redirect" title="ॐ">ॐ</a> </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%;"> <th><a href="/wiki/IAST" title="IAST">IAST</a></th> <th>梵文<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="天城體">天城体</a></th> <th>藏文字母</th> <th><a href="/wiki/ETWS" class="mw-redirect" title="ETWS">ETWS</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>oṃ</td> <td>ॐ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨོཾ</span></td> <td>oM </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>梵文符号 </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%;"> <th>梵文<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="天城體">天城体</a></th> <th>藏文字母</th> <th><a href="/wiki/ETWS" class="mw-redirect" title="ETWS">ETWS</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>्</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">྄</span></td> <td>？ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ऽ</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">྅</span></td> <td>& </td></tr> <tr> <td>।</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">།</span></td> <td>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>॥</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">༎</span></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="转写数字"><span id=".E8.BD.AC.E5.86.99.E6.95.B0.E5.AD.97"></span>转写数字</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：转写数字" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>数字 </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%;"> <th>数字</th> <th>梵文数字</th> <th>藏文数字 </th></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>०</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">༠</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>१</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">༡</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>२</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">༢</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>३</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">༣</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>४</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">༤</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>५</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">༥</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>६</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">༦</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>७</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">༧</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>८</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">༨</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>९</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">༩</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="标点符号"><span id=".E6.A0.87.E7.82.B9.E7.AC.A6.E5.8F.B7"></span>标点符号</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：标点符号" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ETWS_缺點"><span id="ETWS_.E7.BC.BA.E9.BB.9E"></span>ETWS 缺點</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：ETWS 缺點" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>大小寫混雜，轉寫中出現+號，都不易閱讀，但適合做打字輸入。 </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：参考文献" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061204165402/http://www.btinternet.com/~c.fynn/tibetan/wylie.html">Wylie, Turrell (1959). A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription. <i>Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies</i>, p. 261-267</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：参见" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%91%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E6%B3%95" title="藏语汉语拼音字母音译转写法">藏語漢語拼音字母音譯轉寫法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="藏文拼音系统">藏文拼音系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EWTS" class="mw-redirect" title="EWTS">EWTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB%E9%AB%94%E7%B3%BB" title="梵文藏文轉寫體系">梵文藏文轉寫體系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%80%8A%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%95%99%E6%9D%90%EF%BC%88%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E9%9F%B3%EF%BC%89%E3%80%8B%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="《藏文拼音教材（拉萨音）》拼音方案">《藏文拼音教材（拉萨音）》拼音方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="藏语拼音">藏语拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%A0%AD%E9%AB%94" title="有頭體">有頭體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E9%A0%AD%E9%AB%94" title="無頭體">無頭體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USLC%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB" title="USLC藏文轉寫">USLC藏文轉寫</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：外部链接" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050223032751/http://www.nitartha.org/wylie_tables.html">威利转写表</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thlib.org/reference/transliteration/wyconverter.php">EWTS在线输入藏梵文</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210211102918/http://www.thlib.org/reference/transliteration/wyconverter.php">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110522111638/http://www.daicing.com/manyu/index.php?page=tibetan-dao-daicing-keyboard">太清藏文转写　太清藏文输入法</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050309195922/http://iris.lib.virginia.edu/tibet/collections/langling/ewts/ewts.php?m=intro">THDL Extended Wylie Transliteration Scheme 将威利系统改写、扩展至计算机应用的工程</a>，由<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611042715/http://www.thdl.org/xml/show.php?xml=test%2Ftibetnew%2Fthdlhp.xml&lng=chi">雪域数码图书馆</a>发起。</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120724213350/http://home.educities.edu.tw/emaho/ema_tibetan002.html">其它藏文拉丁文转写方案</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thlib.org/reference/transliteration/wyconverter.php">THL网站提供的在线转换程序</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210211102918/http://www.thlib.org/reference/transliteration/wyconverter.php">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.babelstone.co.uk/Software/BabelPad.html">Babelpad支持用EWTS输入藏文</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210211174320/http://www.babelstone.co.uk/Software/BabelPad.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_55784b0701012y91.html">IAST/USLC梵藏文输入法</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190605004806/http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_55784b0701012y91.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thlib.org/reference/transliteration/#!essay=/thl/ewts">THL网站提供的介绍</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170423181558/http://www.thlib.org/reference/transliteration/#!essay=/thl/ewts">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pan.baidu.com/s/1gdGEYAZ">藏文统一转写系统</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040921202425/http://iris.lib.virginia.edu/tibet/tools/ewts.pdf">介绍</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html">ALA-LC罗马化是美国国会图书馆和美国图书馆协会的转写标准，广泛的用于北美图书馆。转写表基于各种语言</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120921055712/http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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