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Ketu ɖoho — Wikipediya
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<div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ketu ɖoho</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre 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Disponible en 40 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%86" title="بوليمر مرن – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوليمر مرن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomer" title="Elastomer – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Elastomer" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elast%C3%B2mer" title="Elastòmer – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Elastòmer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B1" title="ئێلاستۆمەر – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێلاستۆمەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomer" title="Elastomer – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elastomer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomer" title="Elastomer – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elastomer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomere" title="Elastomere – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elastomere" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%82" title="Ελαστομερές – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελαστομερές" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomer" title="Elastomer – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Elastomer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomero" title="Elastomero – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elastomero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elast%C3%B3mero" title="Elastómero – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elastómero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomero" title="Elastomero – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elastomero" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B1" title="الاستومر – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الاستومر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomeeri" title="Elastomeeri – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elastomeeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lastom%C3%A8re" title="Élastomère – français" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élastomère" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="français" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaistim%C3%A9ir%C3%AD" title="Leaistiméirí – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leaistiméirí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95" title="प्रत्यास्थलक – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रत्यास्थलक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomer" title="Elastomer – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elastomer" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elasztomer" title="Elasztomer – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elasztomer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomer" title="Elastomer – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Elastomer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomero" title="Elastomero – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elastomero" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC" title="エラストマー – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エラストマー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%84%B1%EC%B2%B4" title="탄성체 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탄성체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BC" title="ഇലാസ്റ്റോമർ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇലാസ്റ്റോമർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomer" title="Elastomer – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Elastomer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomeer" title="Elastomeer – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elastomeer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gummi" title="Gummi – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gummi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomery" title="Elastomery – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Elastomery" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elast%C3%B2mer" title="Elastòmer – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Elastòmer" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elast%C3%B4mero" title="Elastômero – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Elastômero" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomer" title="Elastomer – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Elastomer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эластомер – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эластомер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastom%C3%A9r" title="Elastomér – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elastomér" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomer" title="Elastomer – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Elastomer" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomer" title="Elastomer – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elastomer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="อีลาสโตเมอร์ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อีลาสโตเมอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomer" title="Elastomer – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elastomer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Еластомери – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Еластомери" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B9%E6%80%A7%E4%BD%93" title="弹性体 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="弹性体" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B9%E6%80%A7%E4%BD%93" title="弹性体 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弹性体" data-language-autonym="中文" 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Pɩlɩɩna Wikipediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="kbp" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Thermoplastic_elastomer_TPE.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Thermoplastic_elastomer_TPE.png/220px-Thermoplastic_elastomer_TPE.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Thermoplastic_elastomer_TPE.png/330px-Thermoplastic_elastomer_TPE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Thermoplastic_elastomer_TPE.png/440px-Thermoplastic_elastomer_TPE.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption>Artistic impression of a the deference between a thermo-set and a thermo-plastic elastomer</figcaption></figure> <p>Ketu ɖoyo yaa mbʊ pakpakɩɣ nɛ palakɩna wonuu ŋgʊ kʊhɔŋ tanɩɩ yɔ, pu- ɖoyo payaɣna <a href="/wiki/Frans%C9%A9%C9%A9_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ">Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ</a> taa se élastomère. Pʊyʊ kɩhɔm mbʊ potolu-pʊ kulubu yɔ, pʊwɛna 99,9 % pɔɔyaɣ yaa piye 1,A-cis. Pɔɔyasɩ ya ape 1,4-cis yɔ pɛkpɛndɩ 20 000. Ketu hɔŋ camɩyɛ tanɩɩɩ. Tɩwɛna ɖoŋ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ñɩɣyɩŋ wɛtʊ nɛ mbʊ payaɣ se reziliyɛnsɩ (résilience) yɔ sakɩyɛ. Ɛlɛ, mbʊ payaɣ se sɔŋ ɔkɩziizɛɛnɩ (ozone) nɛ tiɔkɩziizɛɛnɩ (dioxygène) yɔ paataŋna ketu ɖoli, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ se peyeki nɛ ketu cɛkɩ yaa tɩwɛɛkʊʊ lɔŋ. </p><p><br /> </p><p>Ketu ɖoo kɛ pʊyʊ kulubum yaa wondu kulubutu sakɩyɛ ɖoo. Ketu ɖoo wɛna mbʊ pʊhɔŋ camɩyɛ tanɩɩ yɔ pʊ-wɛtʊ yaa pu-ɖoŋ. Piyuu tɩyɛ tʊ (réticulation) pakpakɩɣ nɛ palakɩna ketu ɖoo. Papɩzɩɣ pɔhɔ ketu ɖoo yaa pɔcɔzɩ-ɩ ɛzɩma ɛyʊ sɔɔlaa yɔ, ɛlɛ, pɩɩcɛkɩ. Payaʊ se ketu yɔ pɩkɛ ɖɔɖɔ mbʊ payaɣ se ketu ɖoo (élastomère) yɔ. Ketu pakpakɩɣ nɛ palakɩna mbʊ pʊhɔŋ yɔ pɩtɩŋɛ payɩ, ɛzɩ pɔpɔla mbʊ yɔ. Ketu ndʊ palakɩna wondu ndʊʊ mbʊ yɔ, tɩ-mayaɣ kɛlɛ «NR». </p><p>Ketu ndʊ patolubi-tʊ kulubu yɔ, pʊ-tɔbʊʊ palɩ tɩ-yɔɔ tɛtʊ tɛɛ yem yɔ, tiɖeke koŋ pasɩma sɔnɔ se ndʊʊ lɛ ketu ɖoo. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Elastomer_panels_for_level_crossing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Elastomer_panels_for_level_crossing.jpg/220px-Elastomer_panels_for_level_crossing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Elastomer_panels_for_level_crossing.jpg/330px-Elastomer_panels_for_level_crossing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Elastomer_panels_for_level_crossing.jpg/440px-Elastomer_panels_for_level_crossing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Panneaux en caoutchouc, neufs, empilés, qui seront posés à un passage à niveau</figcaption></figure> <p>Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ñɩnɩyʊ, sɔsɔ Charles Hanson Greville Williams wɩlɩ pɩnaɣ 1860 ñɩŋa taa se ketu ɖoo kɛ mbʊ payaɣ se poli-isoprenoyiidi (polyisoprénoïde) yɔ. Ñɩnɩyʊ sɔsɔ ɛnɛ ɛkɛ Ŋgilisi tʊ. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sala%C5%8B_fena%C9%A3" title="Salaŋ fenaɣ">Salaŋ fenaɣ</a> kɩyakʊ hiu nɛ naalɛ (12) wiye, pɩnaɣ 1909 ñɩŋa taa palɩzɩ kajalaɣ takayaɣ sɔsɔɔ ŋga payaɣ se «brevet» yɔ se pɛcɛlɩ weyi ɛsɩma ketu kɩbandʊ labʊ yɔ. Kpɛlɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ ñɩnɩyʊ sɔsɔ Fritz Hofmann lɩzɩna kajalaɣ takayaɣ ŋga. Ñɩnɩyʊ ɛnɛ, ɛlɛ kɛ Caama tʊ. </p><p>Paapɩzɩɣ pakpaɣ ketu ɖoonaa nɛ palabɩna aŋwanaa. </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6b6c9bdc8b‐cvl4g Cached time: 20241102193656 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.008 seconds Real time usage: 0.019 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key kbpwiki:pcache:idhash:553-0!canonical and timestamp 20241102193656 and revision id 14340. 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