CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134e8055845f938',cH: 'bF0w0e8Uq28p7hHf3g2G0TODnmzSiLRhRswTVY7tnxA-1739786174-1.2.1.1-R.2d56yhrY3DjZ6RmLRwvnEK3qKDDk4pC9o1GYGN7qKRtXrcB5Mp_ZW3eh3jHc5c',cUPMDTk: "\/3311\/iso690?__cf_chl_tk=IfyAGKyPKE4SSj6b3BT4vxxq3BO4aX4NPy.YezW4uIE-1739786174-1.0.1.1-Tx0wOfYbOGs42qdUptLpe_dl39H4kMPExSS3vYmmWTg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786174',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/3311\/iso690?__cf_chl_f_tk=IfyAGKyPKE4SSj6b3BT4vxxq3BO4aX4NPy.YezW4uIE-1739786174-1.0.1.1-Tx0wOfYbOGs42qdUptLpe_dl39H4kMPExSS3vYmmWTg",md: "xOeXvnpxOIfithMYcT1N9wIE4a4ebURyvwsMxt68UlI-1739786174-1.2.1.1-I64Wec7cjxcjF6Ukxuf6sfRI8mH3ojHcyimjNHUbN9kEjthNfU4ebEct5OQmP2qFGqF5B.zfY.g0_Durpfuq2qmnaXzf7lT_ioZU8NvOB5dwTQBrtfPtxRO9JpIsWGO5BQKPx.u7LXgeVM4Y4zeWCsTbkF8TFtVicdeheshMVDlRg7Fzc2ROoW02OV_NvUVECNytUNyUL_RKgDyvi00_p2CGdZg2NZmNnDPNxXMyWhYoM0ulMdpTnN61JSZj0Y3YYAw1gLQhHPQpuOwgzfQXg58bS6n0KTryp.d2m11rVnleQCLGz8opcxbyDo3Dy0bm8pXmRUwEpbrQLwhCAvUigwzTwaOF80Okib_yfy2UqxoQDtsCNAT5_m2Sfxk5h.2bk1iVby9YQbWlRIQC1.Hgm1tx.F.phCCUzJwqhVQwYSxcovoWiKS9umHkuTVwCbYis9ULMSo4Ovkht8JCbZ588QZvxFu4gNuQfD.9Y15C6VjdoyTeXxuNZgOoHWjZVX48z0bsne_i0Bkfa0R8ce3JeuhsO6OB0iYP.uctl84EqU6Iqs7ucU1ykzbsbNBnxMiMSMP7E0ZVTSfWojLbzJhLfPCJ_crEv.ycyJlNyGtGmoHAJFNEIaQAkGoKuXOgdBB6zJ5AHDVPTH3MNwqEk.pIFHwddVv5BxvtuyWZwSkYoGM8KySm3oan0Efh4M2PM5EFZlJ9FpFLrVFZpMsThCr4dGLwUbaOZdww4Da.u3e0bM7KU1dL.S4IAxycQO9vzeTflHzgSIg0z3b6zIzMptTVWgGWSQiy8aRB9picUk9OdECvBUNPDdrjai3ElYleKlqAln62EsPtzrZYLCfRkzsL3h9i0NV2KVZL1zAU0rNRtnHMYFtDrpCSI9aA8aOPhAENtaFwdXOC04_XfaIlCoNcRN26ylM2Vh9CJHpOA1Bc1UtwpL9a1iT7TIooW2kImb0rhz7lknJ1v00Sbd9QL.cfH63B.vwhvTT8hmFxvosKEE4X6ENCIn6IBoZZrS8ZF_LBDfosvnFZ4srIQ8iEuCETHz2XdKCOQMAD2jZE_d_b9QChOZANRsMyLImkZlGcjiKxfd3_Bo6z_JdAqVSGTZL2WY1psG8kJTWWo3JOBjXLnioU6sILVxthP.rcHKISZ.GVNw_5hDpp1lG0RbIhC64DkWTQGvi17aCQPhxrdXwoEF7.yZt3XSmnyF4fktst_P4cs3S3mMXPc1YhRBV.TWjs8.JiIhTF1774VZAV6pc8ALkIH7kHZ_BAHHv00BV8IYMSNzovdFfEm8SjI7A44_s.3sinyYeqtpkCtXgM6Cz7q1ltRNRSrAG8IXI8.AEgE5XENxOivf9Ru9GyvSRP7rOBXfsXtI_Tx8t_SOHJbfRGFQUC5RD27ZiZ71ZHXF_fXaGKj0h8on5bTzKUYQfNNC8OQFH0lgunqyMsmv9um6k9Hb0C2WxupigWWOy7l1KJ6VRkHjxjsLMTPFH3qSWnJtxgUbQzMWY3K4Llr1.YqIFPChNbB.cspSL0d8WcZ5bi1mx80cKILYb0i7A7mSSsEGOEmYd7W2_peyEGh6LZX4cOAN3sTn4fsGPuRioU8LecOpQQUNZ9fyY4uKyP_7.JBzAK9W_out3EXBZLs1MyA2Tr8bVydsWKlUkFHyYgmZL7sOaD0Lcu_oKEoVXm8px5iN76DMuEvz8RkG9lwP0Y9b_Y2.L_ovzihjhNkYzUyG5Oai_AjPij4yWZxM1kWV_V1CJl3OmbhS1IufAxJ4IN81of9bXK_Jku321Rb77tSUgGzsGI.CwR_k905ed.MuTbpQemi079PZSFqMqD0qy9phGDZPsj9dpAM4.vsgMQVf68Gr_EEF0wbtvct8M5FMXsUaxQJIy55TeoCY6wm.dYZybS404",mdrd: "fwMn3V9sHTdH5GYtZi0qTeGvMj_GtlcWX7GW6qxQmHA-1739786174-1.2.1.1-HaVfh4XFTk4MpSpuysyPNI.ssJF5xGntCJva5sdkyoNt12GIwet9hrT_Wteh2UM1Q6a6xRo275DAw.U9UM8iHcvxNV3zIJYlQKm.ZK9XlnjNSmlukJuYU58_ryUZMt.DUVlMyvDbVvuxpy4rXstmiozGE5jWliC0hB1UYUzYIkrjsiEG1PEzn.X3Eezm9z.j4m1qfPhFnAmVt.OyOwXfFr6dt9_cGd2s8xqhMBwXnUfLxgvg__xVHWo_Ir6p5PHcRYcPeeJw2W_P.4acqnVOGnb30VPgVhv11mY8PrfFlkB6PevZ2B.XaTrTPAToZ8IRFpVzDlOznuEamXcGtJmyG3dfPskDPni35hLnej6awY5XlvN5oAWrCOphQ7WWLVjW5brzy5p0qpaHdG2XwRtX_Sm7XMRdvgO5GRaLUr3B7zjnh0fS4Xb6bNQV8uxOq6GGYI2QYkDX9Vrcvrg_7P93GN3Mgk9QqUFuUBMy9aHopT4cBE2pkhEHIT_AsngkNh9ClJT_tM8lfx3f8sjCfoGyPGPuPmW1jNGb61ispFPQKT2V__aXBWvoqt6vImvy9e2h2ZSgUw68jHT8BDDKv5pMiEEZczUce6ZNR0LU6d..8XhDlCNWl1CExq_vWKRu_1QGusxvmpaSqDp4GmWfCFHL1DoL5ZkXzmYwF4ZMfMF.s5A9qUKOp4GtIHEVZlZqzctnCAVBztB_ysdbttLGJC_3Hmt_melbdVJTlCVScpqWDy24LF66xraO_bpOdRz3a_IaLD4L.BIPBL9IXXqcGSrYydgzcjXHzaUUHWcaTn8LIBlWa3zeD4WOCcY7ZpAhg.xdBiNoVqRNameENO6M4voTaSLzMdeKnsFilEATTI3mN25r8OZTckFEZ6FbuiBrw16Zt8oymW2MNrlxuxdlmq.tYnpyMWX3Jd89yAS9S49in6aR6CdTY1wooPybcsP9JL39EIP0j0P09x09Wk1am372bPwz6A.bqK6A.ADAbMfOYZqyDZoTUNchV2hCatfQXjHObWuREecB6r2booVs_myuAbiZeCZRyjt09yHHlmJ_bRdlwEjvAMumziOhhKxLzrl0zNpcy_UVxyK7kqwEG4BRoPwbDl_F1rMU7vwgIOOU4dp26mN7nbzHaPwXu3izX4KkFH0W1gneAP0Atr3MUr6J_tK9_d1spPcKowdItMzyTSS1yPd0tB1kkUADSrobo01_8B0ToRhnCXpKeZuv.FPNfSnbdRfTRoAiIwB_XwfAWUJ7o.Mzod_gQ5oJ9dLn8R9JGL5EPXFYCDFIapt0qrZvI.MGF6SPZ3fygjto_DIYqtB.YTeS7lYulk9EVbl9HsA7uuESuq3xkq19JXkoSwhNm.FOJx9FM6YVmg08gLya9e6fxGQ.uDcFy_yOUY1x2HrzavaN0ZIEtlGOmggZiT9Irj2I7xzhXQDgB3LF_UmL7ZIanthnfIpChVFSI75efNggzwI0ODLpFaoQWvn7mvtECnKSXNoLgjJbhIPWINaxP4P917aYmQRHig1hKQ01sxY_huAsFrtPYv4Xa3bV46.1SEkHUDjHflE2_CMe3Khmw4LPFfKVPehWQVeye18c0KOnPZmoz6JXW9HafOiVsPncyPK9pyfn0xfDiQAHf5bHko7Gu.Lj4l.YtgAwqVfY5TtYc6fYy5A79yyuiPYKerYt5Hp_2FlOLltwGVOQ1P17mYEWpUviHbvvGcnUVu.QKL8tKMScRoKMJrzNLL8TNQfyRQLzSXyQeI2BggJ1YiUhH3Q.0lrQNFyJt.S8o8Ah6P_7kISI.N44w6o0Jq28f8gAcKFqD3Zon7wc7Uuyu0_tKPb8R0EH2CiTfX544mhW_KE33FSJg0XCiVtJuw79XJTbS.gszAyofKnsS_h0jHJyDzdFJBGtAZZq5wRS1kb1Jy3B1GqSbdiTyYBy5jyeJ6ianwWHDGppB_kJ52stk.Rq335PfkfAKqLo6mPZRdmbJl0U"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134e8055845f938';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/3311\/iso690?__cf_chl_rt_tk=IfyAGKyPKE4SSj6b3BT4vxxq3BO4aX4NPy.YezW4uIE-1739786174-1.0.1.1-Tx0wOfYbOGs42qdUptLpe_dl39H4kMPExSS3vYmmWTg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>