CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.oecd.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '913803b2cd99f892',cH: '8SWWWbYhxgs2Rc7WCSXKLtIb1dTADcBu424k936d7N8-1739818765-1.2.1.1-THaQcHfIPlQpyvwkFs1xW5J.9jhzoH.4fIhG37d5pr59iAj1tVK9AXh3EL7BTllM',cUPMDTk: "\/en\/topics\/student-performance-pisa.html?__cf_chl_tk=bCnNHI7c_bIN5Dbwcu8ToTVeku6X15pB7T0t9NhBScE-1739818765-1.0.1.1-vnFq96D49L7X0v1T9qocVcVy.3Ni8qjK3cXaA04_qp0",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739818765',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/en\/topics\/student-performance-pisa.html?__cf_chl_f_tk=bCnNHI7c_bIN5Dbwcu8ToTVeku6X15pB7T0t9NhBScE-1739818765-1.0.1.1-vnFq96D49L7X0v1T9qocVcVy.3Ni8qjK3cXaA04_qp0",md: "x2WEqv9ofYGOAZjk4cx5SU_utMb9DxB5EsEfG_GZUs4-1739818765-1.2.1.1-GRGcW0glRypelTWhf8eKyOyuxLzmxpm3wo32jsZTvyh2Z3RJxbZOG6a4YSlZdwxSyo8p3Xwkc26SsxA9bh.SsBUfQUi6KKSIaD3.TfA5GmtDFWbc4EXpwg0pEwUchE08Ww.S6BbWEPOmaN3QCUYEaZnsVyoNCM54C.2SDRh6u4RvIUOOMdR0lc.5KSSFIybeXqxM4htNO0UGlrVH8Fm8Z7.jGf9cXg19Sxd_0CDB4qUAWYwbbBCJ8WLNIQsXnWWVgMLp20vhrgfPdSpXU76GOBpzbJh6UBs0rdEEND_ODFGUHpTD8kRh3WA7ujNWWhRakKXs.aq8wkYsMmt_5wDCIyFJd8yd6J7GPmngX69.oodsWASknQKCSkl7SmzFbqzAJiJmc7nAyUVH9jo04YMjz12hVl83Kz3.Z9dKdERxaDhnuOqZ79sDW_cws_ceiOEJ9VCHeMr2BGshMRwkW39meg3YtOjH8Oz_WibJUYW6Rltrroztr7Em6OUXk8Mp38llReQFfFRGzUW9LbcY6aiJ2Hho_KVGxyNd2kjow2wJ0uO7JP_DlYu6edheFCqi6irKL.3nJ5YZZSqmbChfvTt54CnLtZep.qXs1rnG7J62jdRcpX1gDFycOGC_o1WxZ4NSPDHovFL_SO_sBsT6OYCCyFKvddt2h6.ZDzdsaQ9P_menGmqRfyY0wt26IKeW1bIKy8ExS.VFcF_2nEgiERLcMJvj86RF82n2VlaWtFtmIMR6IjInGzrjZWLJq5WtzCEKAxYBLovLsu0mjcY4R5TJ0C_Nfqsdt3HfucLYweh8j8Fs1j0ekW1bRgwtnFTpA6Rhvr92z7H8EUjtViPWihOsB6Le7yXE25Bej8H_zdJD4CrxjlTwkLmuWq0QY9RWDbbZ3rIIOE0VeQb3igSBObRCi3N9A7uVyJXEkj_8eI978aQzMCkb5ai7dtf6_YdiY8OWlFIsVvENEvCq7vFLjDW6OakX4SQbnId_sb2hlFf2TInBc974m2Mk1QPKE5lChc8VEYiNai3CfT70Wk4uDUast6z2PYgdsQi7xRFm22DCiNwykSMfAoZbnUCpRyB0HNbqk_jESYh_c_3SDWNI0g165ecCsWYJi8fgGacJxs_bllNR69P3XCHmDS6HO5RsoTqIumr9Qfm5QW8p1WlO8QFKIPNv3uHEnMUac_vVv0pD4R13ymOij9YG7oILS6ApudcFbQe3DQIvDf2XUXio01f.7lWLfKlZ1j2qNSKdTejZFA4860qEBLPEvyX5vmdMlsRnqH.1PQiLSx5iOIqzSz41DsSuMfjtVrLvi8zJshhm4.JTiVv1LQFdRlgMI1wx5s7pfyIrO_JuyyM4tti41LLfao4CrKdvGgi4kzZjwnpgh_yb4jwPFaa.HwFFRSWn1aDWq1fySQyVm6.4XU7Bd6JFuk8PBZuu2LcJRVpJlRVWnqf0OeuuF0Rdbq8.F9XoThGQGPOnX1y0k5LW224DYk._.9bvKCXRJDO4hkHvrOAQhW5AD6CaQ_TJ6uAM2LCwL1fPL0r7c_OknZri3GQn2PVkeY7JcmVaTL_754HVRwM8DBfo35ZJHnD0.0L6iqrqRljzpBhiyQUOm2293uXHjZ7e7ofMN01nNCnCmqSh___JpUAPV00FOnRkDkx.4vpvg4np6A8siOoxgWJcmQ9gUr_3SdJhOQld4PHAR1OCdsIRkX3D4s_EzwoDP557tloXjKmOOLAFrDdSk87K2g8XHPJkQ1SWH0MtTi9PcKC301p0qk1Of2Psxmlwcli.cqKx1rFS8trr_kkwIJ_Urk55UnMYS4pVka.0yi43HT_EMiLNnZBBy1zAxH68WfSFT9uODkRIpZbls0fLKYuQHxad069CU6iwJPPu66PYVFtwRUZQO1RoggXO.srinKTZ8VWX2ovOEk7.egT1LjRj7MJhq29Lucx_rBT5pbEBOa8MI5TyIiZ10geU8qU7mC6GptJbcC758c54zJBb.D35wB8Kr68NchvZdFBbYcaFvwGSkG4mcobi3lI6oNQrS_DxapJpMMgb9vA2GwiESHFlhb0lV_RXuEyN0w4KBOPR.CZFB59yaYMitjzwM4o9_u5z2JG7uJ_rYVdK7qZvTaJKBYdjEOSL5iQKklRpkwg3BDvcdybs4VahYwASMTVRjYfG4JBBJQ9G70twRNAcSkQ7VFUV4vO29gaxQGYtk1Ng6vRoX1DBz1ZcZEGh5E1QweBGDSkQ6kXRaH.LSfBoLXDW4sag17PPVf28NbN8OFtUSOQgToiViBkOnhbZTj7H279KrITQCPr9IaFnOyiqjGCfjVEKiR4BX6n2RWYO.ovKPbH_ULh7ez_me4nGOi9rP2kXCs0CsQaAKuqeQiJz1RVkjySr0ERlfEb9LamF5n2yG6bAr07l7eiW3jEybY_.uPDaMkl7jxFECNRzQb6J54KmVHLlsGzDsUdPPX28mDkd7PwjD_Hl9ZuyVFRQypnuk_.O_iJoQiQXzoyJ0u8i5KLdDZlDG.hlTZ.0Iv3kn74fldf7RIzhuy05Or._SQoyOGfBLwQ6s3H1udlAEJvr4mWsNSRUvi6ZZA",mdrd: "cAWB3NFieTTq0MoVvCau1yzqODVkv4DL1GwmQ11qRic-1739818765-1.2.1.1-w8UD9RZKG6YhxDGhnaw2MvAM7DLox9p2ug.LxkqOwcLq96Xq3xQ3lvEwKcpoev..5zGM2t2boDpkOFnB7S6txlMDK.5DrGAxq1xa.v9qMutMZI2QzoA7w.Tt4NF8ii2bq9akGevbOs0LVfGHt_da8WtfZj62tzljNTSpGebQcc233fEqohf0_PTa6ePxgK8J0SmxZvFUrkL6jH5pqUUQWm_XdGP6cZmE2dzQ2W8TnYl5M5sEgfzBl92KouK8Z2C6Mk1jR85jpPL.R7GKuctbSSAFXzn6gMlbYAtk2Ksn.He94ioiwBGSdK.FgxW4hKhm8Zc9RJdQ2QLaBKEIYzYBixoM5_Sdc6P.2crThZvsF56f6zYO86oBCHNBHATF_KruE690buRWK54hhhYULqoRd9C2SSgzlDjAgEKD7kJAyxu3Pm8bCpjfRZpgOVQwsEP6ogFTBdOA1ME4Y2h6.8OejbtOOVodSmfqF_U1jkMP43SYeXysuGFlTleKRQGRLGDFsN2Z7IyTVdaPs31HClo4U82w.r7nWq0cZsEgYPL88LhKWmGn0wEy59i7LCuqMoAtDT8e92_j5Jfjt_a3pRaxIkcoNyAEqdMoD_ae0DEnNNRQ87hEzYefqgDX38ZkMH.uryVDlhhpF5Ezy1za8qdzzLiS3DNpVHBiJ45628BQndmh2Kgl7zpR5Zf_nQVHJZwEideAavbqrlzdNFNSQVnaJVTp2semr1CV26yTMHsaEdi50LzUqvIpp6tf.MVZOAzOzwoa5KKVqCn3ua8OiOCajjP_MZIum_s354GrSD_A9X_w_KIUh5g2J9.gayreccvYCo0lfoxudcxFBjPxlgQ16Rr9yRwMyU_oJ4q33941aL.qTQmxKYQNQIzjo2eUeZpDJpwgLMrQruyCW1F4MD6aXxeLMuMgZ3k3tErRsYDqLirO3LOOpDzEl64UXftjwVNBxYe5KCKsLnYarbOd5wZzN02K.7IdjtcDLO8tbVsV43kso4mfNULUq1BeAqt7mk_2HAW.wRZ0VXQgiZu2bi16wqB0QmZuHN30SlBSVT0ttyREEv23Lbqcr3MDEZPJ8L3TEjIcA686f5NTLR9QcL.x9gSXTemMWq13yFLemIsqVv77uiInIdPy0BaRclVIYYXgiSDfzi9UCPtpSniw4J9Wif34JT7gIZkB4K98tDe3r_v2MtHMJ8siP46ncJjLgIyVxMDiCp8ggK4.I5QZpBFtHwJb8VEGZZLwNP8oGnxNp5VNf1RUD2VwVkBpQm.00OE5RNeWjLuwoLTp8Ff57qC1JDyl9v37_dmFHAUIHmC1e9YnWsev1sq48bIwTb3vjxxfjEQYboeGOKOiWRvW20kkTcF91UieVLLlLF0WZD_GsftvWk73zGOY6S0aAVl_m8894JkbGIaQclSDkp_Ymc1CtQKW6eaMk49iOqe.4OreqEHE_pIRJ6.3Vuxea9Ay73aA9u6stfbpOsuV4kUWYzO0K1I958e9n.nCKmMen4LaUqB3UIbB_iVwzKPw9botOz6k0LRrAHQN0WXPhekmkm4PujZbz_txqz5ppsrtrvrdtKI_dvGqyq89.goqW8ab.H.PzgAFUou1gr6D_Z_TyfvWAUPzErSxfjD8qF_yiUtEa0Y.ujBnXU8vrDW.jErTCvMdLDQk12yUx7pAsZxwxwhA0ukQKDTMJ.clJvcYfn2KMSH2Dt06kSJvq0cEGJL2HQMOJLiACCMnMFOY764G23EYx86UGoGKbpI9zddWUu5q66_AuukKWXQjww1vWeDHMsRVixQXUR6MdECujhvXqDNL6pcZtQEYJtqsEeG0O.2TWtY.kDmqe.Pw8Rdxw4JKvccz3Y9GVZJOISl7nOKSTwgimc7xETB4a1SA86nmhux4vRLuZDrVAe4tDM29Fdj1TIjj5iJ3IKvmssK23ZFYcNU.tV2E1mQE52Ace4wOQ70.oVk"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913803b2cd99f892';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/en\/topics\/student-performance-pisa.html?__cf_chl_rt_tk=bCnNHI7c_bIN5Dbwcu8ToTVeku6X15pB7T0t9NhBScE-1739818765-1.0.1.1-vnFq96D49L7X0v1T9qocVcVy.3Ni8qjK3cXaA04_qp0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>