CINXE.COM

JAMA Network | Home of JAMA and the Specialty Journals of the American Medical Association

<!DOCTYPE html> <html id="doc" lang="en" class="page-index"> <head id="Head1"> <!-- charset must appear in the first 1024 bytes of the document --> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <script> var SCM = SCM || {}; if (SCM.AMA && SCM.AMA.DataLayerAsync) { SCM.AMA.DataLayerAsync.push("arrSisAffinity", "", "array"); SCM.AMA.DataLayerAsync.push("SubStatus", "no", "string"); } var googletag = window.googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; if (typeof Storage !== "undefined") { var targetingParamStr = localStorage.getItem("bcDFPTargetingParams"); if (targetingParamStr) { var targetingParameters = JSON.parse(targetingParamStr); // set page-level targeting parameters jQuery.each(targetingParameters, function (index, param) { googletag.cmd.push(function () { window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting(param.key, param.value); }); }); } } if (!googletag.pubads) { (function () { var gads = document.createElement('script'); var useSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol; gads.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js'; gads.setAttribute("async", ""); gads.setAttribute("defer", ""); var node = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(gads, node); })(); var App = App || {}; App.Ads = App.Ads || {}; App.Ads.adPath = App.Ads.adPath || '/6479/' + 'ama.jama.pubs'; App.Ads.Mappings = App.Ads.Mappings || {}; App.Ads.slots = App.Ads.slots || []; App.Ads.fromGoogle = !('yes' === 'yes'); App.isCollection = App.isCollection || !!document.getElementsByClassName('pg_collection').length; googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.pubads() .setTargeting('environment', ['newjama']) .setTargeting('site', ['ama.jama.pubs']) .setTargeting('sect', ['home']) .setTargeting('sub', ['no']) .setTargeting('device', ['Mozilla%2F4.0%20%28compatible%3B%20MSIE%207.0%3B%20Windows%20NT%206.0%3B%20SLCC1%3B%20.NET%20CLR%202.0.50727%3B%20.NET%20CLR%203.0.04506%3B%20.NET%20CLR%203.5.21022%3B%20.NET%20CLR%201.0.3705%3B%20.NET%20CLR%201.1.4322%29']) .setTargeting('usaphys', ['no']) .setTargeting('memberstat', ['no']) .setTargeting('pracset', ['']) .setTargeting('specialty', ['other']) .setTargeting('occupation', ['']) .setTargeting('useraffinity', ['']) .setTargeting('direct', ['yes']) .setTargeting('bot', ['']) .setTargeting('datacenter', ['no']) .setTargeting('selfMPA', ['']) .setTargeting('selfSpecialty', ['']); if (App.isCollection) { googletag.pubads().setTargeting('collection', ['']); } var testParam = getQueryVariable('test'); if (testParam) { googletag.pubads().setTargeting('test', [testParam]); } function getQueryVariable(variable) { var query = window.location.search.substring(1); var vars = query.split('&'); for (var i = 0; i < vars.length; i++) { var pair = vars[i].split('='); if (decodeURIComponent(pair[0]) == variable) { return decodeURIComponent(pair[1]); } } } googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.enableServices(); }); } </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" /><link rel="shortcut icon" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/img/favicons/umb/favicon.ico"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/img/favicons/umb/favicon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/img/favicons/umb/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/dist/app.min.css?v=638677764476993385"> <meta property="og:title" content="Home of JAMA and the Specialty Journals of the American Medical Association" /> <meta property="og:type" content="Site" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://jamanetwork.com" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Stay up to date, maintain your CME with the latest research, author interviews, apps, and learning courses from JAMA and the Specialty Journals." /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@JAMANetwork" /> <title>JAMA Network | Home of JAMA and the Specialty Journals of the American Medical Association</title> <meta name="description" content="Stay up to date, maintain your CME with the latest research, author interviews, apps, and learning courses from JAMA and the Specialty Journals."> <link rel="canonical" href="https://jamanetwork.com" /> <script src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/dist/head.min.js?v=638677764511843155"></script> <script src="https://r451.jamanetwork.com/script.js" defer></script> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_HeaderScript"> <meta class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncHeaderAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_HeaderScript" data-params="{&quot;parameters&quot;:{&quot;siteName&quot;:null,&quot;siteId&quot;:11,&quot;journalId&quot;:0,&quot;adDisplay&quot;:0,&quot;adSection&quot;:&quot;home&quot;,&quot;adPosition&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;fromGoogle&quot;:false},&quot;dynamicParameters&quot;:{&quot;localParams&quot;:&quot;[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]&quot;}}"> </div> </head> <body data-sitename="jamanetwork" class="pg_index " data-thm="umb"> <script> var App = App || {}; App.suppressAds = App.suppressAds || !!document.getElementsByClassName('suppress-ads').length; App.suppressGtm = App.suppressGtm || !!document.getElementsByClassName('suppress-gtm').length; </script> <div id="ad-interstitial" class="ad-interstitial"> <script defer> googletag.cmd.push(function() { if (App.suppressAds) { return; } // Define a web interstitial ad slot. let interstitialSlot = googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot( App.Ads.adPath + '/home', googletag.enums.OutOfPageFormat.INTERSTITIAL, ); if (interstitialSlot) { App.Ads.slots[13] = interstitialSlot; // Enable optional interstitial triggers and register the slot. interstitialSlot .setTargeting('pos', ['interstitial']) .addService(googletag.pubads()) .setConfig({ interstitial: { triggers: { navBar: true, unhideWindow: true, }, }, }); googletag.display(interstitialSlot); googletag.pubads().refresh([interstitialSlot], { changeCorrelator: false }); googletag.enableServices(); } }); </script> </div> <a class="accessible js-skip-to-navigation" href="#skip-to-navigation">[Skip to Navigation]</a> <!-- Google Tag Manager --><noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WNKSNP" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WNKSNP');</script><!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <span class="hide tagmanagervalue" data-attribute="productName" data-value="JAMA Network" data-type="string"></span> <form method="post" action="./" id="webform" class="m0"> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="8qovRQfTU7FdoNcRR42MUbbqsCdnj5ghN5qsuQWa6i/JJCRDUDL569EcuTq3GaKC9DQl/+7kNn0iVj8GyDlmQ+iEXyo=" /> </div> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" value="90059987" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTVALIDATION" id="__EVENTVALIDATION" value="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" /> </div> <input id="hdnSiteID" type="hidden" value="11" /> <input id="hdnDomain" type="hidden" value=".jamanetwork.com" /> <section class="master-header"> <script type='text/javascript'> var App = App || {}; App.LoginUserInfo = { isInstLoggedIn: [0], currentSessionId: 'jm1wrwsdffrywmp2lelcoudm' }; </script> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfGlobalSearchSiteURL" type="hidden" id="hfGlobalSearchSiteURL" value="https://jamanetwork.com/" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsPaidUser" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsPaidUser" value="false" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsMember" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsMember" value="false" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppSubscribedTo" type="hidden" id="hfAppSubscribedTo" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsIndividual" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsIndividual" value="false" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppHasAccess" type="hidden" id="hfAppHasAccess" value="false" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsReferredFromGoogle" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsReferredFromGoogle" value="False" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfSolrAutoSuggestMinimumCharactersLength" type="hidden" id="hfSolrAutoSuggestMinimumCharactersLength" value="2" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfSolrJournalName" type="hidden" id="hfSolrJournalName" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfSolrJournalID" type="hidden" id="hfSolrJournalID" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsLucy" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsLucy" value="false" /> <div class="header-wrap"> <header class="header"> <div class="widget-GdprCookieBanner widget-instance-GdprCookieBanner"> <div class="gdpr-cookie-wrapper js-gdpr-banner"> <div class="gdpr-cookie-body"> Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/privacy-policy#cookies">Cookie Policy</a>&nbsp;<span class="pipe">|</span>&nbsp;<a href="javascript:;" class="js-gdpr-cookie-acceptLink at-acceptgdpr">Continue</a> </div> <input id="hdnDomain" type="hidden" value=".jamanetwork.com" /> <input id="hdnDomainGdpr" type="hidden" value=".jamanetwork.com" /> <input id="hdnClientIdGdpr" type="hidden" value="3" /> </div> </div> <div class="network-bar"> <a class="jama-network" href="/" title="JAMA Network Home"> <img alt="JAMA Network Home" class="title-image" width="443" height="52" src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/svg/Jama_Network_Logo.svg"> </a> </div> <a class="nav-toggler" href="#nav"> <div class="nav-toggler-indicator"> <span class="indicator-stroke"></span> <span class="indicator-stroke"></span> <span class="indicator-stroke"></span> <span class="indicator-stroke"></span> </div> <div class="nav-toggler-site"> <span id="BodyContent_Header_siteFullNamenav" class="nav-toggler-microsite"><span class='network'>JAMA</span> Network</span> </div> </a> <nav id="nav" class="nav hide" > <div class="nav-journal-level sb-nav-journal-level"> <a href="/pages/for-authors" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_0" class="for-authors">For Authors</a><a href="/pages/audio" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_1" class="podcasts">Podcasts</a><a href="/pages/video" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_2" class="video">Video</a><a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_3" target="_blank" class="cme">CME</a> </div> <div class="nav-journals"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-HamburgerPublicationMenu"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="HamburgerPublicationMenu" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .nav-journals {margin-bottom: 1em;} .nav-heading {color: #B9B9B9;border-bottom: 0;border-top: 1px solid #242424;font-size: 1.15em;font-weight: 400;margin: 0;padding: .7em .75em .25em;text-transform: uppercase;} a.no-bullet:before {content:none !important;} .nav-heading {font-size: 1.15em;margin-bottom:0;padding-left: 38px;} /* .nav-journals a.theme-jama {background-color: #242424;border-bottom: 1px solid #fff;border-top: 1px solid #fff;color: #fff;font-size: 1.15em;margin-bottom: 8px;padding: 11px 0 9px 37px;} .nav-journals a.theme-jama::before {background: unset;content: "\e91b";display: none;font-family: ama_icons !important;font-size: 1.25em;line-height: 1;} .nav-journals a.theme-jama-network-open {border-bottom:0;} */ .nav .widget-instance-HamburgerPublicationMenu a {padding-left: 36px;} .fake-ribbon {border-left: 8px solid #BE1E32;} .fake-ribbon a:before {content:none;} .nav .widget-instance-HamburgerPublicationMenu .fake-ribbon a {padding-left:30px;} .nav-journals a.theme-plus:before {background:#d71635;} .nav-journals a.theme-jama-network-open {border-bottom:0;} </style> <h2 class="nav-heading">JAMA+</h2> <a href="/channels/ai" class="theme-plus">AI</a> <h2 class="nav-heading">Journals</h2> <a href="/journals/jama" class="theme-jama">JAMA</a> <a href="/journals/jamanetworkopen" class="theme-jama-network-open">JAMA Network Open</a> <a href="/journals/jamacardiology" class="theme-jama-cardiology">JAMA Cardiology</a> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology" class="theme-jama-dermatology">JAMA Dermatology</a> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum" class="theme-jama-health-forum">JAMA Health Forum</a> <a href="/journals/jamainternalmedicine" class="theme-jama-internal-medicine">JAMA Internal Medicine</a> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology" class="theme-jama-neurology">JAMA Neurology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaoncology" class="theme-jama-oncology">JAMA Oncology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaophthalmology" class="theme-jama-ophthalmology">JAMA Ophthalmology </a> <a href="/journals/jamaotolaryngology" class="theme-jama-otolaryngology-head-neck-surgery">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head &amp; Neck Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/jamapediatrics" class="theme-jama-pediatrics">JAMA Pediatrics</a> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry" class="theme-jama-psychiatry">JAMA Psychiatry</a> <a href="/journals/jamasurgery" class="theme-jama-surgery">JAMA Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/archneurpsyc" class="theme-archives-of-neurology-psychiatry-1919-1959-">Archives of Neurology &amp; Psychiatry (1919-1959)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nav-network-other"> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_0" class="is-b link-jn-learning-cme" target="_blank">JN Learning / CME</a><a href="https://store.jamanetwork.com" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_1" class="is-b link-subscribe" target="_blank">Subscribe</a><a href="https://careers.jamanetwork.com/" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_2" class="is-b link-jobs" target="_blank">Jobs</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/resources-for-librarians" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_3" class="is-b link-institutions-librarians">Institutions / Librarians</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/reprints-and-permissions" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_4" class="is-b link-reprints-permissions" rel="nofollow">Reprints &amp; Permissions</a> </div> <div class="white text-xxs"> <div class="p05 ml4 mr3 mb1 mt10 flex hamburger-menu-legal"> <a href="/pages/conditions-of-use" class="p0" rel="nofollow">Terms of Use</a> <span class="pl1 pr1">| </span> <a href="/pages/privacy-policy" class="p0" rel="nofollow">Privacy Policy</a> <span class="pl1 pr1">| </span> <a href="/pages/accessibility-statement" class="p0" rel="nofollow">Accessibility Statement</a> </div> <div class="ta-c"> <span class="pb1">2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved</span> </div> </div> </nav> <a class="toolbar-search-trigger is-b" data-mobile-tog-target=".site-search"></a> <div id="site-search" role="search" class="site-search"> <div class="site-search-bar"> <div role="search"> <select name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$ddlForSearch" id="BodyContent_Header_ddlForSearch" Name="dropDownList" class="cs-select cs-skin-border" title="Search Site Selector" role="options" aria-labelledby="searchLabel"> <option value="J*">Search All</option> <option value="3">JAMA</option> <option value="214">JAMA Network Open</option> <option value="192">JAMA Cardiology</option> <option value="12">JAMA Dermatology</option> <option value="261">JAMA Forum Archive</option> <option value="193">JAMA Health Forum</option> <option value="15">JAMA Internal Medicine</option> <option value="16">JAMA Neurology</option> <option value="159">JAMA Oncology</option> <option value="17">JAMA Ophthalmology</option> <option value="18">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head &amp; Neck Surgery</option> <option value="19">JAMA Pediatrics</option> <option value="14">JAMA Psychiatry</option> <option value="20">JAMA Surgery</option> <option value="23">Archives of Neurology &amp; Psychiatry</option> </select> </div> <div class="search-input-container"> <input type="search" name="textbox" autocomplete="off" role="textbox" id="search-term" aria-labelledby="searchLabel" class="search-term at-microsite-search-term" placeholder="Enter Search Term" maxlength="255" title="Enter Search Term"> <ul id="umbrellaSiteAutoCompleteResults" class="term-list hidden"></ul> <label style="display:none" for="umbrellaSiteSearchInputHint" id="searchLabel">Input Search Term</label> <input class="searchTerm search-input" name="textbox" role="textbox" type="text" id="umbrellaSiteSearchInputHint" aria-labelledby="searchLabel" title="Input Search Term" autocomplete="off"> </div> <!-- /.search-input-container --> <a name="button" role="button" class="search-button is-b js-search-button" alt="search button" href="/searchresults"></a> </div> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_auth" class="auth"> <a class="auth--trigger is-b is-a" href="javascript:;"> <span id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_spnUserFullName" class="user-full-name">Sign In</span> </a> <div class="auth--dropdown js-signIn-dropdown"> <div class="auth--option auth--ind"> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_divUserFullName" class="auth--ind-user"></div> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_divIndSignIn" class="auth--ind-auth"> <div class="auth--title">Individual Sign In</div> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2f" id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_oauthSignInLink" rel="nofollow" class="auth--ind-sign-in">Sign in</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2f" id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_oauthSignUpLink" rel="nofollow" class="auth--ind-create">Create an Account</a> </div> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_divInstSignIn" class="auth--option auth--inst"> <div class="auth--inst-auth"> <div class="auth--title">Access through your institution</div> <a href="/signinshibboleth?returnUrl=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2f" id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_institutionSignIn" rel="nofollow" class="auth--shib">Sign In</a> </div> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_divPurchaseOptions" class="auth--option auth--purchase"> <div class="auth--title">Purchase Options:</div> <a id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_lnkSubscribeJournal" class="auth--subscribe" rel="nofollow" href="https://store.jamanetwork.com">Subscriptions and More</a> </div> </div> </div> </header> </div> <div class="editors-choice-header"> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Header_divAds" class="header-ad-wrap sb-background-primary-dark"> <div class="leader-ad desktop-only"> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_LeaderboardAd"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_LeaderboardAd" data-params="{&quot;parameters&quot;:{&quot;siteName&quot;:null,&quot;siteId&quot;:11,&quot;journalId&quot;:0,&quot;adDisplay&quot;:1,&quot;adSection&quot;:&quot;home&quot;,&quot;adPosition&quot;:&quot;atf&quot;,&quot;fromGoogle&quot;:false},&quot;dynamicParameters&quot;:{&quot;localParams&quot;:&quot;[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]&quot;}}"></div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.header-ad-wrap --> </section> <section class="master-main"> <div class="header-logo-wrapper sb-background-pc"> <div class="h1 header-logo-height"> <div class="nav-logo"> <div class="image-display-wrap"> <div class="site-logo journal-name-header"> <img src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/svg/journals/jamanetwork.svg" alt="JAMA Network" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.header-logo-height --> </div> <!-- /.header-logo-wrapper --> <nav class="site-links-wrap"> <div class="site-links"> <a href="/journals/jama" id="BodyContent_PageContent_jamaSiteLink" class="site-link">JAMA</a> <div class="site-link has-sub-nav js-publication-dd-selfserve"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-PublicationDropdown"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="PublicationDropdown" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <a href="javascript:;" class="js-selfserve-publication site-link" style="position: relative;top: 2px;">Journals</a> <nav class="site-link--sub-nav hide"> <a href="/journals/jama/newonline">JAMA</a> <a href="/journals/jamanetworkopen/currentissue">JAMA Network Open</a> <a href="/journals/jamacardiology/newonline">JAMA Cardiology</a> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology/newonline">JAMA Dermatology</a> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum/currentissue">JAMA Health Forum</a> <a href="/journals/jamainternalmedicine/newonline">JAMA Internal Medicine</a> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology/newonline">JAMA Neurology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaoncology/newonline">JAMA Oncology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaophthalmology/newonline">JAMA Ophthalmology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaotolaryngology/newonline">JAMA Otolaryngology&#65112;Head &amp; Neck Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/jamapediatrics/newonline">JAMA Pediatrics</a> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry/newonline">JAMA Psychiatry</a> <a href="/journals/jamasurgery/newonline">JAMA Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/archneurpsyc/newonline">Archives of Neurology &amp; Psychiatry</a> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/pages/for-authors" id="forAuthorsSiteLink" class="site-link">For Authors</a> <a href="/pages/audio" id="podcastsSiteLink" class="site-link">Podcasts</a> <a href="/pages/video" id="videoSiteLink" class="site-link">Video</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning" id="BodyContent_PageContent_cmeSiteLink" class="site-link">CME</a> </div> </nav> <a id="skip-to-navigation" href="#" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="content"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMAv2_Network_SpecialAccouncements"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Network_SpecialAccouncements" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="self-serve-special-announcements"> <div class="announcement"> <p class="large-text">Editor's Choice: <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.22343">Artemisinin Partial Resistance and Malaria in Children</a></p> </div> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.22343"> </a></div> </div> </div> <div class="main-content"> <div class="editors-choice"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMAv2_Network_EditorsChoice"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Network_EditorsChoice" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/CSSUploads/jamanetwork-ec-options.css?versionId=83301"> <!-- added link around 'Conference Header Here' to fill in with link to self-serve conferences page --> <span class="ec-topic-bundle"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/conferences-aha">Research in Cardiology From the AHA Scientific&nbsp;Sessions</a></span> <ul class="ec-cards conference"> <!-- featured images begin here --> <li class="featured splash"> <div> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/newonline"> <!--<a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/">--> <!-- Replace YYMMDD-jama-ec-900x506.jpg image name below--> <img alt="Small-molecule therapy to lower lipoprotein(a)" class="content-img lazy" src="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/jama/2024/241118-aha-3x1-1200.jpg?versionId=83301" width="3" height="1"> </a> </div> </li> <!-- SAT 11/16 1:30 PM JOI240138 and JED240087 articles begin here --> <li> <div> <span class="ec-dept">Original Investigation</span> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.23784" target="_blank">Evaluating Performance and Agreement of Coronary Heart Disease Polygenic Risk Scores</a> <span class="ec-authors">Sarah A. Abramowitz, BA; Kristin Boulier, MD; Karl Keat, BS; et al</span> <!--optional CME icon example here <span class="ec-icon icon-quiz_cme"><span class="screenreader-text">cme</span></span>--> </div> <!-- optional go-with for first article begins here --> <div class="go-with"> <span class="ec-dept">Editorial</span> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.24037" target="_blank">Polygenic Risk Scores for Coronary Heart Disease: An Unfulfilled Promise of Precision Medicine</a> <span class="ec-authors">Sadiya S. Khan, MD, MSc; Michael J. Pencina, PhD</span> </div> </li> <!-- MON 11/18 9:45 AM JOI240143 and JED240088 articles begin here --> <li> <div> <span class="ec-dept">Original Investigation</span> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.24438" target="_blank">Pulmonary Vein Isolation With Optimized Linear Ablation vs Pulmonary Vein Isolation Alone for Persistent AF: The PROMPT-AF Randomized Clinical Trial</a> <span class="ec-authors">Caihua Sang, MD; Qiang Liu, MD; Yiwei Lai, MD; et al</span> </div> <!-- optional go-with for second article begins here --> <div class="go-with"> <span class="ec-dept">Editorial</span> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.24601" target="_blank">Beyond Pulmonary Vein Isolation—Bringing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Line With Alcohol</a> <span class="ec-authors">Miguel Valderrábano, MD, PhD</span> </div> </li> <!-- MON 11/18 1:40 PM JOI240122 and JSX240183 articles begin here --> <li> <div> <span class="ec-dept">Original Investigation</span> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.21957" target="_blank">Zerlasiran—A Small-Interfering RNA Targeting Lipoprotein(a): A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial</a> <span class="ec-authors">Steven E. Nissen, MD; Qiuqing Wang, MS; Stephen J. Nicholls, MBBS, PhD; et al</span> </div> <!-- optional go-with for second article begins here --> <div class="go-with"> <span class="ec-dept">Audio</span> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/audio-player/10.1001/jama.2024.23752" target="_blank">Zerlasiran, a Small-Interfering RNA That Targets Lipoprotein(a)</a> <span class="ec-authors">Author Steven E. Nissen, MD, with JAMA Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD</span> </div> </li> <!-- MON 11/18 1:50 PM JOI240140 article begins here --> <li> <div> <span class="ec-dept">Original Investigation</span> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.24017" target="_blank">Oral Muvalaplin for Lowering of Lipoprotein(a): A Randomized Clinical Trial</a> <span class="ec-authors">Stephen J. Nicholls, MBBS, PhD; Wei Ni, PhD; Grace M. Rhodes, PhD; et&nbsp;al</span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/conferences-aha" target="_blank">Read <em>JAMA</em> and <em>JAMA Cardiology</em> papers from AHA Scientific Sessions &gt;</a> </div> </li> </ul> <!-- CSS below added by Craig until global CSS is updated --> <style type="text/css"> .ec-cards li.featured img {/*border:0;*/border-top:5px solid #981b1e;/*margin-bottom:1em;*/} .mobile-screen {display:block;} .laptop-screen {display:none;} /* reduce margin below 'announcements' container */ .self-serve-special-announcements {margin:0;} .self-serve-special-announcements .announcement {margin:0 0 .25em 15px;} /* move topic-bundle outside of <ul> and make it larger, centered, adjust margins */ span.ec-topic-bundle {border-top:1px solid #ccc;font-size: 1.5em;margin: .5em auto 1em auto;padding-top:.7em;text-align: center;} /* center content of last <li> which must be the conferences-page link, NOT an article */ .ec-cards.conference li:last-of-type {text-align: center;} .ec-cards.conference li:last-of-type a {color:#981b1e;} /* go-with styles for editorials etc */ .go-with .ec-dept {font-size: .85em;} .go-with a {display: block;font-size: .85em;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.6;} .go-with .ec-authors {font-size:.85em;} .go-with {margin-top: .25em;} span.ec-authors {font-size: .85em;} @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .ec-cards li.featured img {margin-bottom:0;} .mobile-screen {display:none;} .laptop-screen {display:block;} /* tablet and above will display FIRST <li> holding image as 1 column and one row for now */ .ec-cards.conference li.featured.theme {grid-area: 1 / 1/ 5 / 2;} /* tablet and above will display LAST <li> as 2 columns to center conferences link below article cols */ .ec-cards.conference li:last-of-type { grid-column-start: 1; grid-column-end: 3; text-align: center; border: 0 !important; } .ec-cards li div.go-with {margin-top: .5em;padding-top:0;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 1024px) { } @media only screen and (min-width: 1440px) { .ec-cards {gap:15px 25px;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .ec-cards li:first-of-type.featured.splash {padding-bottom:0;} .ec-cards li.featured.splash div:first-of-type {padding-bottom:0;} } </style> </div> </div> </div> <div class="movable-ad"> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_UmbHome_Single_mid"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_UmbHome_Single_mid" data-params="{&quot;parameters&quot;:{&quot;siteName&quot;:null,&quot;siteId&quot;:11,&quot;journalId&quot;:0,&quot;adDisplay&quot;:4,&quot;adSection&quot;:&quot;home&quot;,&quot;adPosition&quot;:&quot;mid&quot;,&quot;fromGoogle&quot;:false},&quot;dynamicParameters&quot;:{&quot;localParams&quot;:&quot;[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]&quot;}}"></div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-JustPublished widget-instance-AMA_JustPublished_Umbrella"> <div class="just-published--header"> <div class="just-published--date"> November 22, 2024 </div> <h1 class="just-published--title module-title is-a"> Just Published </h1> </div> <div class="just-published--group research"> <div class="just-published--type thm-col">Research</div> <div class="widget-ArticleListNewAndPopular widget-instance-AMA_ArticleListNewAndPopular_Journal_Research"> <ul class="featured-list--contents"> <li class="article article-1 thm-bd-top"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2826705">Academic Inventors on Government-Linked US Drug Patents</a> <div class="article--authors">Matthew J.&#160;Martin,&#160;MA; et al.</div> <div class="article--type">Research Letter</div> <div class="article--author-list"> Matthew J. Martin, MA; et al. </div> <div class="article--related-articles"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="article article-2 thm-bd-top"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2826615">Active Surveillance or Watchful Waiting for Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer</a> <div class="article--authors">Ismail&#160;Ajjawi,&#160;BA; et al.</div> <div class="article--type">Research Letter</div> <div class="article--author-list"> Ismail Ajjawi, BA; et al. </div> <div class="article--related-articles"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="article article-3 thm-bd-top"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2826683">Oral Muvalaplin for Lowering of Lipoprotein(a)</a> <div class="article--authors">Stephen J.&#160;Nicholls,&#160;MBBS, PhD; et al.</div> <div class="article--type">Original Investigation</div> <span class="badge icon-free"><span class="sr-t">free access</span></span> <div class="article--author-list"> Stephen J. Nicholls, MBBS, PhD; et al. </div> <div class="article--related-articles"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="article article-4 thm-bd-top"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2826608">Zerlasiran—A Small-Interfering RNA Targeting Lipoprotein(a)</a> <div class="article--authors">Steven E.&#160;Nissen,&#160;MD; et al.</div> <div class="article--type">Original Investigation</div> <span class="badge icon-free"><span class="sr-t">free access</span></span> <span class="badge icon-multimedia"><span class="sr-t">has multimedia</span></span> <div class="article--author-list"> Steven E. Nissen, MD; et al. </div> <div class="article--related-articles"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="article article-5 thm-bd-top"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2826344">Caregiver-Reported Quality in Hospices Owned by Private Equity Firms and Publicly Traded Companies</a> <div class="article--authors">Alexander E.&#160;Soltoff,&#160;BS; et al.</div> <div class="article--type">Research Letter</div> <div class="article--author-list"> Alexander E. Soltoff, BS; et al. </div> <div class="article--related-articles"> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="just-published--group opinion"> <div class="just-published--type thm-col">Opinion</div> <div class="widget-ArticleListNewAndPopular widget-instance-AMA_ArticleListNewAndPopular_Journal_Opinion"> <ul class="featured-list--contents"> <li class="article article-1 thm-bd-top"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2826703">A Simple Question</a> <div class="article--authors">Bruce H.&#160;Campbell,&#160;MD</div> <div class="article--type">A Piece of My Mind</div> <div class="article--author-list"> Bruce H. Campbell, MD </div> <div class="article--related-articles"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="article article-2 thm-bd-top"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2826707">Obesity Prevention at an Early Age</a> <div class="article--authors">Kevin G.&#160;Volpp,&#160;MD, PhD</div> <div class="article--type">Editorial</div> <div class="article--author-list"> Kevin G. Volpp, MD, PhD </div> <div class="article--related-articles"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="article article-3 thm-bd-top"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2826609">Representativeness in Pragmatic Clinical Trials</a> <div class="article--authors">Caleigh&#160;Propes,&#160;BA; et al.</div> <div class="article--type">Viewpoint</div> <div class="article--author-list"> Caleigh Propes, BA; et al. </div> <div class="article--related-articles"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="article article-4 thm-bd-top"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2826610">Ensuring Virtual Vigilance in Decentralized Clinical Trials</a> <div class="article--authors">Adrian F.&#160;Hernandez,&#160;MD, MHS; et al.</div> <div class="article--type">Viewpoint</div> <div class="article--author-list"> Adrian F. Hernandez, MD, MHS; et al. </div> <div class="article--related-articles"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="article article-5 thm-bd-top"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2826340">The US Preventive Services Task Force and Precision Prevention</a> <div class="article--authors">Michael J.&#160;Barry,&#160;MD; et al.</div> <div class="article--type">Viewpoint</div> <div class="article--author-list"> Michael J. Barry, MD; et al. </div> <div class="article--related-articles"> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="just-published--group clinical-review"> <div class="just-published--type thm-col">Clinical Review &amp; Education</div> <div class="widget-ArticleListNewAndPopular widget-instance-AMA_ArticleListNewAndPopular_Journal_ClinRev"> <ul class="featured-list--contents"> <li class="article article-1 thm-bd-top"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2826341">Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycythemia Vera</a> <div class="article--authors">Douglas&#160;Tremblay,&#160;MD; et al.</div> <div class="article--type">Review</div> <span class="badge icon-quiz_cme"><span class="sr-t">has active quiz</span></span> <div class="article--author-list"> Douglas Tremblay, MD; et al. </div> <div class="article--related-articles"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="article article-2 thm-bd-top"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2826230">Management of Atrial Fibrillation</a> <div class="article--authors">Francis J.&#160;Alenghat,&#160;MD, PhD; et al.</div> <div class="article--type">JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis</div> <span class="badge icon-quiz_cme"><span class="sr-t">has active quiz</span></span> <div class="article--author-list"> Francis J. Alenghat, MD, PhD; et al. </div> <div class="article--related-articles"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="article article-3 thm-bd-top"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2826117">Calcific Aortic Stenosis</a> <div class="article--authors">Catherine M.&#160;Otto,&#160;MD; et al.</div> <div class="article--type">Review</div> <span class="badge icon-quiz_cme"><span class="sr-t">has active quiz</span></span> <span class="badge icon-multimedia"><span class="sr-t">has multimedia</span></span> <div class="article--author-list"> Catherine M. Otto, MD; et al. </div> <div class="article--related-articles"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="article article-4 thm-bd-top"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825904">A Patient With Headaches and Peripheral Vision Loss</a> <div class="article--authors">Austin D.&#160;Peer,&#160;MD, MPH; et al.</div> <div class="article--type">JAMA Clinical Challenge</div> <span class="badge icon-quiz_cme"><span class="sr-t">has active quiz</span></span> <div class="article--author-list"> Austin D. Peer, MD, MPH; et al. </div> <div class="article--related-articles"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="article article-5 thm-bd-top"> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825799">CAR T Cells and T-Cell Therapies for Cancer</a> <div class="article--authors">Jennifer N.&#160;Brudno,&#160;MD; et al.</div> <div class="article--type">Review</div> <span class="badge icon-quiz_cme"><span class="sr-t">has active quiz</span></span> <span class="badge icon-multimedia"><span class="sr-t">has multimedia</span></span> <div class="article--author-list"> Jennifer N. Brudno, MD; et al. </div> <div class="article--related-articles"> <a class="article--related" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825804">Editor's Note</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <a class="just-published--more" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/newonline"> <span class="just-published--more-text is-b">Read More</span> <div class="just-published--more-button btn">View</div> </a> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMAv2_Network_FeaturedContent"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Network_FeaturedContent" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .self-serve .collapsible button {text-align: center;} .self-serve .collapsible.padding-fix button {padding-top:8px;} .self-serve .collapsible button:after {display: block;font-size:15px;text-align: center;transform: rotate(0);-webkit-transform: rotate(0);} .self-serve .collapsible [aria-expanded=true]:after {font-size:15px;text-align: center;transform: rotate(180deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(180deg);} .collapsible {width:100%;} h5.collapsible-header {text-align: right;font-size: 16px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1;} h5.collapsible-header button span {color: #d71534;} h6.collapsible-header {font-size: 14px;font-weight: 500;line-height: 0.4;margin-top: 0;text-align:right;} /* hiding the expand prompt post-click and moving the secondary grid into place */ .self-serve .collapsible [aria-expanded=true] {display: none;} .collapsible .content-grid.journals {margin-top: -.4em;} .collapsible .content-grid {margin-top: -.85em;} .grid-item h5 {font-size:16px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.6;margin:5px 15px 0 15px;hyphens:none !important;-webkit-hyphens:none !important;-ms-hyphens:none !important;} .grid-item h5 a {color:#000;} .grid-item a:hover {color:#d71534;} .grid-item p {color:#000;line-height:1.5;margin:0;margin:5px 15px 15px;hyphens:none !important;-webkit-hyphens:none !important;-ms-hyphens:none !important;} .white-background {background:#fff !important;} .tablet-up {display:none;} img.grid-item--image {width: 100%;} @media (max-width: 767px) { /* .pg_index .header-logo-height .nav-logo .site-logo img {width: 270px;} */ } @media (max-width: 400px) { /* .pg_index .header-logo-height .nav-logo .site-logo img {width: 160px;} */ } /** new styles for image swap + lazy load experiment **/ .featured-tablet {display:none !important;} .featured-desktop {display:none !important;} @media screen and (min-width:481px){ .featured-mobile {display:none !important;} .featured-tablet {display:inline !important;} .featured-desktop {display:none !important;} } @media screen and (min-width:768px){ .featured-mobile {display:none !important;} .featured-tablet {display:none !important;} .featured-desktop {display:inline !important;} } } </style> <h1 class="special module-title">Explore Our Publications</h1> <div class="content-grid"> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama"> <img alt="JAMA" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jama-logotype.svg?versionId=82943" width="12" height="5"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama">JAMA</a></h5> <p>Explore the latest in medicine including coronavirus (COVID-19) science, blood pressure guidelines, sepsis definitions, autism and cancer science, and more.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama">Home</a> | <a href="/journals/jama/newonline">New Online</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jamanetworkopen"> <img alt="JAMA Network Open" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jno-logotype.svg?versionId=82943" width="12" height="5"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jamanetworkopen">JAMA Network Open</a></h5> <p>Explore the latest research in hypertension, diabetes, stroke, dementia, machine learning, and more all completely free and open access.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jamanetworkopen">Home</a> | <a href="/journals/jamanetworkopen/currentissue">New Online</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jamacardiology"> <img alt="JAMA Cardiology" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/car-logotype.svg?versionId=82943" width="12" height="5"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jamacardiology">JAMA Cardiology</a></h5> <p>Explore the latest advances in PCI and device therapy, treatment of myocardial infarction, dyslipidemia, heart failure, afib &amp; rhythm disorders, TAVR, and more.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jamacardiology">Home</a> | <a href="/journals/jamacardiology/newonline">New Online</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology"> <img alt="JAMA Dermatology" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/der-logotype.svg?versionId=82943" width="12" height="5"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jamadermatology">JAMA Dermatology</a></h5> <p>Explore the latest treatments for vitiligo, hidradenitis suppurativa, lichen sclerosus, melanoma, cosmetic dermatology, and more.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jamadermatology">Home</a> | <a href="/journals/jamadermatology/newonline">New Online</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum"> <img alt="JAMA Health Forum" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jhf-logotype.svg?versionId=82943" width="12" height="5"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama-health-forum">JAMA Health Forum</a></h5> <p> Explore the latest in national and global health policy, including health care pricing, delivery, access, quality, safety, equity, and reform. </p> <p><a href="/journals/jama-health-forum">Home</a> | <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum/currentissue">New Online</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jamainternalmedicine"> <img alt="JAMA Internal Medicine" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/imd-logotype.svg?versionId=82943" width="12" height="5"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jamainternalmedicine">JAMA Internal Medicine</a></h5> <p>Explore the latest in medicine including high-value care, levothyroxine timing, gabapentin for alcohol withdrawal, and more.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jamainternalmedicine">Home</a> | <a href="/journals/jamainternalmedicine/newonline">New Online</a></p> </div> <div class="collapsible"> <h5 class="collapsible-header"><span>View All Journals</span></h5> <div class="content-grid journals"> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology"> <img alt="JAMA Neurology" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/neu-logotype.svg?versionId=82943" width="12" height="5"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jamaneurology">JAMA Neurology</a></h5> <p>Explore the latest in brain science including dementia, traumatic brain injury, cerebellar stroke, restless arms, herpes pain, and more.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jamaneurology">Home</a> | <a href="/journals/jamaneurology/newonline">New Online</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jamaoncology"> <img alt="JAMA Oncology" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/onc-logotype.svg?versionId=82943" width="12" height="5"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jamaoncology">JAMA Oncology</a></h5> <p>Explore the latest in cancer science including checkpoint inhibitors, DCIS, breast prostate and lung cancer treatment, aspirin prevention, biomarkers, and more.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jamaoncology">Home</a> | <a href="/journals/jamaoncology/newonline">New Online</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jamaophthalmology"> <img alt="JAMA Ophthalmology" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/oph-logotype.svg?versionId=82943" width="12" height="5"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jamaophthalmology">JAMA Ophthalmology</a></h5> <p>Explore the latest in vision science including causes &amp; treatment of cataract, glaucoma, retinal disorders, and more.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jamaophthalmology">Home</a> | <a href="/journals/jamaophthalmology/newonline">New Online</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jamaotolaryngology"> <img alt="JAMA Otolaryngology – Head &amp; Neck Surgery" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/oto-logotype.svg?versionId=82943"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jamaotolaryngology">JAMA Otolaryngology – Head &amp; Neck Surgery</a></h5> <p>Explore the latest in management of tonsillitis, nystagmus, fistulae, and other head and neck disorders.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jamaotolaryngology">Home</a> | <a href="/journals/jamaotolaryngology/newonline">New Online</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jamapediatrics"> <img alt="JAMA Pediatrics" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/ped-logotype.svg?versionId=82943" width="12" height="5"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jamapediatrics">JAMA Pediatrics</a></h5> <p>Explore the latest in child health including food and nutrition, Kawasaki disease and C difficile, effects of media, and more.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jamapediatrics">Home</a> | <a href="/journals/jamapediatrics/newonline">New Online</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry"> <img alt="JAMA Psychiatry" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/psy-logotype.svg?versionId=82943" width="12" height="5"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry">JAMA Psychiatry</a></h5> <p>Explore the latest science of anxiety, autism, depression, OCD, psychosis, psychotherapy, schizophrenia, and more.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry">Home</a> | <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry/newonline">New Online</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jamasurgery"> <img alt="JAMA Surgery" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/sur-logotype.svg?versionId=82943" width="12" height="5"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jamasurgery">JAMA Surgery</a></h5> <p>Explore the latest techniques in bariatric surgery, enterocutaneous fistula and hernia repair, minimally invasive surgery, and more.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jamasurgery">Home</a> | <a href="/journals/jamasurgery/newonline">New Online</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="special module-title">Featured Articles</h2> <div class="content-grid"> <!-- <div class="grid-item"> <a href=""> <img alt="" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured--480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"/> <img alt="" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured--400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"/> <img alt="" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured--300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"/> </a> <h5><a href="">Title</a></h5> <p>description</p> <p><a href="">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/"> <img alt="" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles--480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"/> </a> <h5><a href="">Title</a></h5> <p>description</p> <p><a href="/journals/">Article</a></p> </div> --> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2811344"> <img alt="Flow chart displaying overview of pharmacy benefit management practices" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2811344-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2811344">Pharmacy Benefit Managers: History, Business Practices, Economics, and Policy</a></h5> <p>This Special Communication provides an overview of the pharmacy benefit management industry, including its history, industry practices, and recent legislative reforms.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2811344">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2810313"> <img alt="Chart showing refined nomenclature system for communication about cognitive impairment in older adults" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2810313-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2810313">A New Framework for Dementia Nomenclature</a></h5> <p>This Special Communication describes an initiative to standardize communication about cognitive impairment in older adults with Alzheimer Disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and vascular cognitive impairment dementia (VCID).</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2810313">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2810754"> <img alt="Drop of blood reflecting supine patient on hospital bed accompanied by 2 doctors" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2810754-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2810754">Red Blood Cell Transfusion: 2023 AABB International Guidelines</a></h5> <p>This 2023 guideline summarizes evidence and updates recommendations for restrictive vs liberal red blood cell transfusion (RBC) strategies in hospitalized adults and children.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2810754">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="collapsible padding-fix"> <h6 class="collapsible-header">View more</h6> <div class="content-grid"> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2800656"> <img alt="Bar graph showing distribution of types of medical providers" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2800656-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2800656">Organization and Performance of US Health Systems</a></h5> <p>This systematic review compares quality and cost of care delivered by physicians and hospitals within and outside of health systems.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2800656">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2799240"> <img alt="Chemical structure of antiretroviral drug" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2799240-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2799240">Antiretroviral Drugs for HIV Treatment and Prevention in Adults - 2022 IAS-USA Recommendations</a></h5> <p>This guideline recommends when to start antiretroviral therapy (ART), which regimens to use, how to manage metabolic complications, and more.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2799240">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2797443"> <img alt="Flow chart illustrating pathways to estimation of long COVID symptom clusters" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2797443-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2797443">Global Burden of Long COVID </a></h5> <p>This Global Burden of disease review estimates global proportions of people reporting common long COVID (PASC) symptom clusters 3 months after initial SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2797443">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2796374"> <img alt="Line graph displaying trends in Medicaid coverage" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2796374-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2796374">The US Medicaid Program: Coverage, Financing, Reforms, and Implications for Health Equity</a></h5> <p>This systematic review summarizes who Medicaid insures, how the program is financed and delivered, and how could reforms could address health inequities.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2796374">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2794049"> <img alt="5 step methodological procedure to determine implications for spirituality in serious illness" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2794049-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2794049">Spirituality in Serious Illness and Health</a></h5> <p>This systematic review offers consensus-suggested implications for how to address spirituality in serious illness and health outcomes.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2794049">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2793446"> <img alt="Summary of Recommendation Figure" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2793446-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2793446">Vitamin, Mineral, and Multivitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer</a></h5> <p>The USPSTF recommends against use of beta carotene or vitamin E supplements for prevention of CVD or cancer. (D recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of use of MVI supplements for prevention of CVD or cancer or use of single- or paired-nutrient supplements (other than beta carotene and vitamin E) for prevention of CVD or cancer. (I statement)</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2793446">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2783414"> <img alt="USPSTF recommendation statement for screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2783414-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="USPSTF recommendation statement for screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2783414-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"> <img alt="USPSTF recommendation statement for screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2783414-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2783414">USPSTF Recommendation on Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes</a></h5> <p>In this guideline, the USPSTF recommends screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in adults aged 35 to 70 years who have overweight or obesity (B recommendation).</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2783414">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2781397"> <img alt="Flow chart discussing appropriate use cases for CONSERVE implementation tool" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2781397-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="Flow chart discussing appropriate use cases for CONSERVE implementation tool" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2781397-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="Flow chart discussing appropriate use cases for CONSERVE implementation tool" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2781397-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2781397">CONSERVE 2021 Guidelines for Reporting Trials Modified for the COVID-19 Pandemic</a></h5> <p>This consensus guideline recommends items to include in reports of randomized trials modified post-protocol under extenuating circumstances, to improve the transparency, quality, and interpretability of trial reporting.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2781397">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779985"> <img alt="USPSTF recommendation statement for screening for colorectal cancer" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2779985-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="USPSTF recommendation statement for screening for colorectal cancer" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2779985-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"> <img alt="USPSTF recommendation statement for screening for colorectal cancer" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2779985-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779985">USPSTF Recommendation on Screening for Colorectal Cancer</a></h5> <p>In this guideline, the USPSTF recommends screening for colorectal cancer in all adults aged 50 to 75 years (A recommendation). The USPSTF recommends screening for colorectal cancer in adults aged 45 to 49 years (B recommendation). The USPSTF recommends that clinicians selectively offer screening for colorectal cancer in adults aged 76 to 85 years (C recommendation).</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779985">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779190"> <img alt="USPSTF recommendation statement for screening for hypertension" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2779190-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="USPSTF recommendation statement for screening for hypertension" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2779190-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"> <img alt="USPSTF recommendation statement for screening for hypertension" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2779190-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779190">USPSTF Recommendation on Screening for Hypertension</a></h5> <p>In this guideline, the USPSTF recommends screening for hypertension in adults 18 years or older with office blood pressure measurement, and obtaining blood pressure measurements outside of the clinical setting for diagnostic confirmation before starting treatment (A recommendation).</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779190">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2777244"> <img alt="USPSTF recommendation statement for screening for lung cancer" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2777244-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="USPSTF recommendation statement for screening for lung cancer" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2777244-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"> <img alt="USPSTF recommendation statement for screening for lung cancer" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2777244-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2777244">USPSTF Recommendation on Screening for Lung Cancer</a></h5> <p>In this guideline, the USPSTF recommends annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose CT in adults aged 50 to 80 years who have a 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years (B recommendation)</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2777244">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2797600"> <img alt="Radial chart displaying actionable strategies for advancing children's rights in the US" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2797600-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2797600">Reimagining Children’s Rights in the US</a></h5> <p>This narrative review summarizes strategies that could advance the rights and well-being of children in the US.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2797600">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2793874"> <img alt="World map showing mortality rates from Parkinson Disease by country" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2793874-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2793874">Global Disparities in Parkinson Disease</a></h5> <p>This Global Burden of Disease review summarize 6 steps urgently needed to address global PD disparities.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2793874">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2793903"> <img alt="" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2793903-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2793903">Diagnosis and Management of Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of COVID-19</a></h5> <p>This narrative review summarizes knowledges gaps in long COVID (PASC) epidemiology, pathophysiology, and mechanisms of injury, and identifies treatment targets.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2793903">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2791195"> <img alt="Stethoscope lying atop series of genetics and genomics graphics" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2791195-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2791195">A Framework for Promoting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Genetics and Genomics Research</a></h5> <p>This review proposes a novel framework for promoting equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in genomics research.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2791195">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2790344"> <img alt="World map showing rates of incidence and mortality from melanoma by country" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2790344-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2790344">Global Burden of Melanoma, 2020</a></h5> <p>This Global Burden of Disease review estimates global incidence and mortality patterns of cutaneous melanoma in 2020, and projected changes by 2040</p> <p><a href="/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2790344">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2787350"> <img alt="World map showing annualized rate of change in total cancer incidence rate by country" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2787350-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="World map showing annualized rate of change in total cancer incidence rate by country" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2787350-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="World map showing annualized rate of change in total cancer incidence rate by country" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2787350-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2787350">Global Burden of Cancer, 2010-2019</a></h5> <p>This systematic analysis describes cancer burden for 29 cancer groups across 204 countries from 2010 through 2019 to provide data needed for cancer control planning.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2787350">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2781972"> <img alt="Associations between posttraumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular disease and 4 needed domains of research" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-articles-2781972-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2781972">Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease</a></h5> <p>This narrative review summarizes evidence on the association of PTSD with CVD and identifies research directions.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2781972">Article</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item spacer"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="special module-title">Featured Sites</h2> <div class="content-grid"> <!-- <div class="grid-item"> <a href=""> <img alt="" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured--480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"/> <img alt="" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured--400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"/> <img alt="" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured--300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"/> </a> <h5><a href="">Title</a></h5> <p>description</p> <p><a href="">Link 1</a> | <a href="">Link 2</a></p> </div> --> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/channels/ai"> <img alt="stethoscope and circuits" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-ai-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/channels/ai">JAMA+ AI</a></h5> <p>The JAMA Network home for the latest advances in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine - from clinical practice to research and education. </p> <p><a href="/channels/ai">Home</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/collections/6258/for-patients"> <img alt="Patient Information" class="featured-mobile grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-patientpages-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="Patient Information" class="featured-tablet grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-patientpages-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"> <img alt="Patient Information" class="featured-desktop grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-patientpages-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/collections/6258/for-patients">For Patients</a></h5> <p>Explore the latest patient information from JAMA Network, including easy-to-understand information about prevention and management of common illnesses</p> <p><a href="/collections/6258/for-patients">Collection</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/audio"> <img alt="Podcasts from the JAMA Network" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-audio-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="Podcasts from the JAMA Network" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-audio-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"> <img alt="Podcasts from the JAMA Network" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-audio-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/audio">JAMA Network Audio</a></h5> <p>Editors' summaries, author interviews, and more from podcasts across 13 JAMA Network journals. Listen and subscribe now.</p> <p><a href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/audio">Collection</a></p> </div> <div class="collapsible padding-fix"> <h6 class="collapsible-header">View more</h6> <div class="content-grid"> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/channels/medical-news"> <img alt="" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-medical-news-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-medical-news-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"> <img alt="" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-medical-news-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/channels/medical-news">Medical News</a></h5> <p>The latest news from JAMA Network on trending topics in clinical medicine.</p> <p><a href="/channels/medical-news">Home</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/channels/hypertension"> <img alt="2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-jnc8-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-jnc8-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"> <img alt="2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-jnc8-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/channels/hypertension">Hypertension</a></h5> <p>A collection of articles and resources on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of high blood pressure.</p> <p><a href="/channels/hypertension">Home</a> | <a href="/channels/hypertension/pages/jnc8">JNC8 Guidelines</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/art-and-images-in-psychiatry/"> <img alt="Art and Images in Psychiatry" class="featured-mobile grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-art-and-images-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="Art and Images in Psychiatry" class="featured-tablet grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-art-and-images-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"> <img alt="Art and Images in Psychiatry" class="featured-desktop grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-art-and-images-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/art-and-images-in-psychiatry/">Art and Images in Psychiatry</a></h5> <p>A gallery of fine art representations of mental health and illness</p> <p><a href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/art-and-images-in-psychiatry/">Collection</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2492881"> <img alt="Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock" class="featured-mobile grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-sepsis-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock" class="featured-tablet grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-sepsis-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"> <img alt="Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock" class="featured-desktop grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-sepsis-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2492881">Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock from JAMA Network</a></h5> <p>Read The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2492881">Guideline</a> | <a href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/sepsis/">Collection</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/channels/genomics"> <img alt="JAMA Insights: Genomics and Precision Health" class="featured-mobile grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-genetics-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="JAMA Insights: Genomics and Precision Health" class="featured-tablet grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-genetics-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"> <img alt="JAMA Insights: Genomics and Precision Health" class="featured-desktop grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-genetics-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/channels/genomics/">Genomics and Precision Health</a></h5> <p>An online resource to help clinicians and the public understand the latest in precision medicine</p> <p><a href="/channels/genomics/">Collection</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/channels/war"> <img alt="" class="featured-mobile grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-war-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="" class="featured-tablet grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-war-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"> <img alt="" class="featured-desktop grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-war-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/channels/war">War and Health</a></h5> <p>Articles addressing health and humanitarian effects of war, management of violence-related injuries and trauma, and health care needs of refugees and displaced people.</p> <p><a href="/channels/war">Collection</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/1760318"> <img alt="Ethical Principles for Medical Research" class="featured-mobile grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-helsinki-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="Ethical Principles for Medical Research" class="featured-tablet grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-helsinki-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"> <img alt="Ethical Principles for Medical Research" class="featured-desktop grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-helsinki-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/1760318">Ethical Principles for Medical Research</a></h5> <p>The Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Helsinki, and Declaration of Geneva provide a set of ethical principles regarding human experimentation and clinical care</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/1760318">Declaration</a> | <a href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/declaration-of-helsinki/">Collection</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/journals/jama/pages/crosswords"> <img alt="Clinical Crosswords from JAMA" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-crosswords-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="Clinical Crosswords from JAMA" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-crosswords-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"> <img alt="Clinical Crosswords from JAMA" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-crosswords-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/journals/jama/pages/crosswords">Clinical Crosswords from JAMA</a></h5> <p>Clinically themed interactive crossword puzzles from <em>JAMA</em> created by <em>New York Times</em> crossword authors.</p> <p><a href="/journals/jama/pages/crosswords">Collection</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/pages/conferences"> <img alt="Events and Conferences" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-conferences-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="Events and Conferences" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-conferences-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"> <img alt="Events and Conferences" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-conferences-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/pages/conferences">Conference Publications</a></h5> <p>A collection of JAMA Network articles published to coincide with specialty society conferences.</p> <p><a href="/pages/conferences">Collection</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/fishbein/"> <img alt="Apply now for the Morris Fishbein Fellowship in Medical Editing" class="featured-mobile grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-fishbein-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="Apply now for the Morris Fishbein Fellowship in Medical Editing" class="featured-tablet grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-fishbein-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"> <img alt="Apply now for the Morris Fishbein Fellowship in Medical Editing" class="featured-desktop grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-fishbein-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/fishbein/">The Morris Fishbein Fellowship in Medical Editing</a></h5> <p>A unique one-year fellowship opportunity offered by JAMA to introduce physicians to all facets of editing and publishing a major medical journal</p> <p><a href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/fishbein/">Website</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item"> <a href="/pages/health-systems-and-recruiting"> <img alt="Health Systems and Recruitment Advertising" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-hsr-480.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> <img alt="Health Systems and Recruitment Advertising" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-hsr-400.jpg?versionId=82943" width="240" height="133"> <img alt="Health Systems and Recruitment Advertising" class="grid-item--image content-img lazy featured-desktop" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/featured/jn-featured-hsr-300.jpg?versionId=82943" width="3" height="2"> </a> <h5><a href="/pages/health-systems-and-recruiting">Health Systems &amp; Recruitment Advertising</a></h5> <p>Helping you achieve your advertising and recruitment goals. Explore our consultative and strategic media options today</p> <p><a href="/pages/health-systems-and-recruiting">Website</a></p> </div> <div class="grid-item spacer"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <style type="text/css"> .grid-item.spacer { background: none; height: 0; } </style> </div> </div> <div class="movable-ad-target"></div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMAv2_Network_ProductPromo"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Network_ProductPromo" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .jcc-promo {margin:15px 0 2em 0;} .jcc-promo img {width:100%;} @media (max-width: 767px) {.image-box .featured-image {width: auto;} } @media (max-width: 1024px) { } @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px) { } @media (min-width: 768px) { } @media (min-width: 1024px) { .jcc-promo {margin-top:45px;} } @media (min-width: 1200px) { } @media (min-width: 1350px) { } @media (min-width: 1440px) { .jcc-promo {margin-top:30px;} } </style> <a href="https://careers.jamanetwork.com/"> <div class="jcc-promo"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1440px)" srcset="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/MarketingImages/jcc/get-there-1440.svg?versionId=71239"></source> <source media="(min-width: 1024px)" srcset="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/MarketingImages/jcc/get-there-1024.svg?versionId=71239"></source> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/MarketingImages/jcc/get-there-1440.svg?versionId=71239"></source> <source media="(min-width: 600px)" srcset="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/MarketingImages/jcc/get-there-1024.svg?versionId=71239"></source> <img alt="" src="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/MarketingImages/jcc/get-there-375.svg?versionId=71239" /> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMAv2_Network_PersonalizedTopics"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncWidgetLoader" data-url="/Personalization/PersonalizedTopics/AMAv2_Network_PersonalizedTopics" data-params="{&quot;parameters&quot;:{},&quot;dynamicParameters&quot;:{&quot;localParams&quot;:&quot;[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]&quot;}}"></div> </div> </div> <div class="sidebar network-sidebar"> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_UmbHome_Single_mid"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_UmbHome_Single_mid" data-params="{&quot;parameters&quot;:{&quot;siteName&quot;:null,&quot;siteId&quot;:11,&quot;journalId&quot;:0,&quot;adDisplay&quot;:5,&quot;adSection&quot;:&quot;home&quot;,&quot;adPosition&quot;:&quot;mid&quot;,&quot;fromGoogle&quot;:false},&quot;dynamicParameters&quot;:{&quot;localParams&quot;:&quot;[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]&quot;}}"></div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMAv2_Network_Sidebar_CareerCenter"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Network_Sidebar_CareerCenter" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .pg_index .content {padding-top:0;} .leader-ad { margin: 1em auto; } .leader-ad .advertisement { margin-bottom: 0; } .pg_journal .journal-name { height: 124px; margin-top: 1.25em; } .master-main h1 {margin-bottom:0;} .site-links-wrap { margin-bottom: 1.4em; margin-top: -4em; } .self-serve-special-announcements { margin: 0; } /* .self-serve-special-announcements .announcement { margin: 0 0 1.25em 15px; } */ @media (max-width: 1023px) { .pg_index .journal-name {margin-top: 1.5em;} .site-links-wrap {margin-top: -3em;} } @media (max-width: 560px) { .pg_index .journal-name {height: 90px;padding:0;} .pg_index .content {margin-top: -3em;} } @media (max-width: 400px) { .pg_index .journal-name {margin-top: 1em;} } @media (max-width: 1023px) {.siderail-image-box { max-width: 420px;}} </style> </div> </div> <div class="widget-EmailListSignUp widget-instance-AMAv2_EmailListSignUp_Index"> <div class="email-signup"> <div class="email-signup--text sb-pc">Get the latest from JAMA Network</div> <div class="email-signup--input-wrap is-b"> <input type="text" name="email" class="email-signup--input" placeholder="Email address" title="Email address" /> <a rel="nofollow" href="javascript:;" class="email-signup--submit sb-sc btn">Sign Up</a> </div> <div class="email-signup--link"> <a class="email-signup--privacy" href="/pages/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a> | <a class="email-signup--terms" href="/pages/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a></div> <div class="email-signup--user-message"></div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMAv2_Network_Sidebar_Socials"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Footer_Socials" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .widget-instance-AMAv2_Network_Sidebar_Socials .iconsocial {display: inline-block !important;width: 34px;height: 34px;min-width: unset !important;margin: 0 2px !important;background-color: #fff;border-radius: 20px;border: 1px solid #191919;vertical-align: middle;} .widget-instance-AMAv2_Network_Sidebar_Socials .iconsocial.instagram {background-image: url(https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/social/instagram-icon-black.svg);background-position: 7px 7px;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 18px;} .widget-instance-AMAv2_Network_Sidebar_Socials .iconsocial.instagram:hover, .widget-instance-AMA_Journal_Home_Socials .iconsocial.instagram:focus {background-image: url(https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/social/instagram-icon-fill.png);border-color: #C13584;} .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial {display: inline-block !important;width: 32px;height: 32px;min-width: unset !important;margin: 0 2px 0 3px !important;background-color: #fff;border-radius: 20px;border: 1px solid #191919;vertical-align: middle;} .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial.instagram {background-image: url(https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/social/instagram-icon-black.svg);background-position: 6px 6px;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 18px;} .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial.instagram:hover, .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial.instagram:focus {background-color: #C13584;border-color: #191919;} #load-instagram-image { background: url(https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/social/instagram-icon-fill.png) no-repeat -9999px -9999px; } </style> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_divSocial" class="social-links footer-social-links"> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="06953c37-785c-4408-b2cd-4b9f89d3b8f1" href="https://www.facebook.com/JAMANetwork/" class="social-link is-b facebook"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="06953c37-785c-4408-b2cd-4b9f89d3b8f1" href="https://twitter.com/JAMANetwork" class="social-link is-b twitter"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="6d35777a-fc12-4d2d-9b49-81d031835d91" href="https://www.instagram.com/jamanetwork/?hl=en" class="iconsocial instagram"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="06953c37-785c-4408-b2cd-4b9f89d3b8f1" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/jamanetwork/" class="social-link is-b linked-in"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="06953c37-785c-4408-b2cd-4b9f89d3b8f1" href="https://www.youtube.com/jamanetwork" class="social-link is-b you-tube"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="06953c37-785c-4408-b2cd-4b9f89d3b8f1" href="https://www.pinterest.com/jamanetwork/" class="social-link is-b pinterest"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="06953c37-785c-4408-b2cd-4b9f89d3b8f1" href="/pages/rss/" class="social-link is-b rss"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="06953c37-785c-4408-b2cd-4b9f89d3b8f1" href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/audio/" class="social-link is-b podcast"></a> <div id="load-instagram-image">&nbsp;</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-MostViewedCited widget-instance-AMAv2_MostViewedCited_Umbrella"> <div class="most--links"> <div class="most--tab-link target-tab-active most-viewed-trigger most--trigger tabs--link" data-href="#most-viewed"> <span class="most--text"><span class="d-b">Most Viewed</span>(30 Days)</span> <a href="/rss/site_3/mostReadArticles.xml" target="_blank"><i class="icon-rss"><span class="sr-t">RSS link</span></i></a> </div> <div class="most--tab-link most--trigger tabs--link" data-href="#most-cited"> <span class="most--text"><span class="d-b">Most Cited</span>(3 Years)</span> <a href="/rss/site_3/mostCitedArticles.xml" target="_blank"><i class="icon-rss"><span class="sr-t">RSS Link</span></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="most--tabs"> <div class="most--viewed most--tab" id="most-viewed"> <div class="widget-ArticleListMostReadViewed widget-instance-MostViewed_AMA"> <ul class="featured-list--contents"> <li class="article article-1 thm-bd-top js-most-viewed-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">32,672</span> <span class="article--count-text">Views</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2812936">Effect of Tirzepatide on Maintenance of Weight Reduction</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-2 thm-bd-top js-most-viewed-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">24,618</span> <span class="article--count-text">Views</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825290">World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-3 thm-bd-top js-most-viewed-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">21,479</span> <span class="article--count-text">Views</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825146">FDA Perspective on the Regulation of AI in Health Care and Biomedicine</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-4 thm-bd-top js-most-viewed-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">21,465</span> <span class="article--count-text">Views</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825533">Inhaled Reliever Therapies for Asthma</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-5 thm-bd-top js-most-viewed-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">20,962</span> <span class="article--count-text">Views</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825799">CAR T Cells and T-Cell Therapies for Cancer</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-6 thm-bd-top js-most-viewed-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">18,644</span> <span class="article--count-text">Views</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825887">How the Texas Abortion Ban Is Affecting OB-GYNs</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-7 thm-bd-top js-most-viewed-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">18,359</span> <span class="article--count-text">Views</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825335">Ovarian Aging and Fertility</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-8 thm-bd-top js-most-viewed-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">18,105</span> <span class="article--count-text">Views</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2807533">Trial of Donanemab in Early Symptomatic Alzheimer Disease</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-9 thm-bd-top js-most-viewed-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">17,039</span> <span class="article--count-text">Views</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2801827">Higher-Dose Ivermectin vs Placebo and Time to Sustained Recovery in Outpatients With COVID-19</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-10 thm-bd-top js-most-viewed-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">16,678</span> <span class="article--count-text">Views</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2826198">Discontinuation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mvc-view-more t-c mb1"> <a class="mvc-view-more-link js-view-more" href="#" role="button">View more<span aria-hidden="true"> &#62;</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="most--cited most--tab" id="most-cited"> <div class="widget-ArticleListMostReadViewed widget-instance-MostCited_AMA"> <ul class="featured-list--contents"> <li class="article article-1 thm-bd-top js-most-cited-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">596</span> <span class="article--count-text">Citations</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2807533">Trial of Donanemab in Early Symptomatic Alzheimer Disease</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-2 thm-bd-top js-most-cited-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">457</span> <span class="article--count-text">Citations</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2788485">Association Between 3 Doses of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine and Symptomatic Infection Caused by Omicron and Delta Variants</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-3 thm-bd-top js-most-cited-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">428</span> <span class="article--count-text">Citations</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2788522">Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Myeloma</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-4 thm-bd-top js-most-cited-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">422</span> <span class="article--count-text">Citations</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2788346">Myocarditis Cases Reported After mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination in the US From December 2020 to August 2021</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-5 thm-bd-top js-most-cited-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">416</span> <span class="article--count-text">Citations</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2787545">Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes in China, 2013-2018</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-6 thm-bd-top js-most-cited-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">411</span> <span class="article--count-text">Citations</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2797443">Individuals With Persistent Fatigue, Cognitive, and Respiratory Symptom Clusters After COVID-19</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-7 thm-bd-top js-most-cited-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">380</span> <span class="article--count-text">Citations</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2787907">Effect of Weekly Semaglutide vs Daily Liraglutide on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-8 thm-bd-top js-most-cited-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">372</span> <span class="article--count-text">Citations</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2787776">Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients in South Africa During the COVID-19 Omicron Wave</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-9 thm-bd-top js-most-cited-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">325</span> <span class="article--count-text">Citations</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2789313">Functional Neurologic Outcomes After Early Invasive Management of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest</a> </div> </li> <li class="article article-10 thm-bd-top js-most-cited-item"> <div class="article--count"> <span class="article--count-value">312</span> <span class="article--count-text">Citations</span> </div> <div class="article--meta"> <a class="article--title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2805540">Development of a Definition of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mvc-view-more t-c mb1"> <a class="mvc-view-more-link js-view-more" href="#" role="button">View more<span aria-hidden="true"> &#62;</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_JobsAd"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncJobsAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/JobsAd/AMA_JobsAd" data-params="{&quot;parameters&quot;:{&quot;siteId&quot;:11},&quot;dynamicParameters&quot;:{&quot;localParams&quot;:&quot;[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]&quot;}}"></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="secFooterControl" class="master-footer"> <script> var App = App || {}; function scmByClass(className) { return document.getElementsByClassName(className); } function scmById(id) { return document.getElementById(id); } function scmquery(selector) { return document.querySelector(selector); } function queryAll(selector) { return document.querySelectorAll(selector); } function isTrueString(string) { if (typeof string === 'string') { return string.toLowerCase() === 'true'; } return undefined; } function updateViewportDimensions() { var w = window, d = document, e = d.documentElement, g = d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0], x = w.innerWidth || e.clientWidth || g.clientWidth, y = w.innerHeight || e.clientHeight || g.clientHeight; return { width: x, height: y }; } var viewport = updateViewportDimensions(); var debounce = function (func, wait, immediate) { var timeout; return function () { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function () { timeout = null; if (!immediate) func.apply(context, args); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout(timeout); timeout = setTimeout(later, wait); if (callNow) func.apply(context, args); }; }; (function (App) { App.mobileUpperBreakpoint = 767; App.mobileAltBreakpoint = 640; App.mobileMinBreakpoint = 547; App.tabletUpperBreakpoint = 1023; function setVariables() { viewport = updateViewportDimensions(); App.isMobile = (viewport.width <= App.mobileUpperBreakpoint); App.isMobileAlt = (viewport.width <= App.mobileAltBreakpoint); App.isTablet = (viewport.width > App.mobileUpperBreakpoint && viewport.width <= App.tabletUpperBreakpoint); App.isTabletDown = (viewport.width <= App.tabletUpperBreakpoint); App.isDesktop = (viewport.width > App.tabletUpperBreakpoint); App.activeViewport = App.isMobile ? 'small' : App.isTablet ? 'med' : 'large'; } setVariables(); App.cachedViewport = App.isMobile ? 'small' : App.isTablet ? 'med' : 'large'; App.isAnyArticle = !!(scmByClass('widget-ArticleFullView').length || scmByClass('pg_abstract').length || scmByClass('widget-MagazineView').length || scmByClass('widget-ChannelsMagazineView').length); App.isSplitScreen = !!scmByClass('widget-ArticleFullView').length; App.isArticleRedesign = !!scmByClass('widget-ArticleWrapper').length; App.isAbstract = !!scmByClass('pg_abstract').length; App.isMag = !!(scmByClass('widget-MagazineView').length); App.isChannel = !!(scmByClass('channel-site').length); App.isChannelMag = !!(scmByClass('widget-ChannelsMagazineView').length); App.isFreeArticle = !!(scmquery('.widget-ArticleTopInfo .free-access') || scmquery('.widget-ArticleTopInfo .open-access') || scmquery('.widget-ArticleTopInfo .icon-free') || scmquery('.widget-ChannelsMagazineView .free-access')); App.isTollFreeAccess = false; App.isIssue = !!scmByClass('pg_issue').length || !!scmByClass('pg_newonline').length || !!scmByClass('pg_currentissue').length || !!scmByClass('pg_pastissues').length; App.isNewOnline = !!scmByClass('pg_newonline').length; App.isCurrentIssue = !!scmByClass('pg_currentissue').length; App.isPastIssues = !!scmByClass('pg_pastissues').length; App.isJournal = !!scmByClass('pg_journal').length; App.isNetworkHome = !!scmByClass('pg_index').length; App.isSearch = !!scmByClass('pg_searchresults').length; App.isAdvancedSearch = !!scmByClass('pg_advancedsearch').length; App.isPlayer= !!scmByClass('pg_multimediaplayer').length; App.isSelfServe = !!scmByClass('pg_sspage').length; App.isCmsPage = !!scmByClass('pg_cmspage').length; App.isMyAccount = !!scmByClass('pg_myaccount').length; App.supportsFlexbox = !!scmByClass('flexbox').length; App.isCollection = !!scmByClass('pg_collection').length; App.isPaidUser = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsPaidUser').getAttribute('value')); App.isMember = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsMember').getAttribute('value')); App.isIndividual = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsIndividual').getAttribute('value')); App.hasAccess = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppHasAccess').getAttribute('value')); App.isReferredFromGoogle = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsReferredFromGoogle').getAttribute('value')); var subscribedTo = scmById('hfAppSubscribedTo').getAttribute('value'); App.userSubscribedTo = subscribedTo ? subscribedTo.split(',') : undefined; App.isLucy = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsLucy').getAttribute('value')); App.currentJournalCount = 27; App.isChannelPage = !!(scmByClass('channels-page')); App.updateAppVariables = debounce(function () { setVariables(); }, 50, false); })(App); </script> <div class="footer-ad-wrapper"> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_divAds" class="footer-ad desktop-only"> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_AnchorboardAd_btf"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_AnchorboardAd_btf" data-params="{&quot;parameters&quot;:{&quot;siteName&quot;:null,&quot;siteId&quot;:11,&quot;journalId&quot;:0,&quot;adDisplay&quot;:11,&quot;adSection&quot;:&quot;home&quot;,&quot;adPosition&quot;:&quot;btf&quot;,&quot;fromGoogle&quot;:false},&quot;dynamicParameters&quot;:{&quot;localParams&quot;:&quot;[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]&quot;}}"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ad-riser-wrap desktop-only"> <div class="ad-riser--dismiss t-c">X</div> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_Riser"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_Riser" data-params="{&quot;parameters&quot;:{&quot;siteName&quot;:null,&quot;siteId&quot;:11,&quot;journalId&quot;:0,&quot;adDisplay&quot;:12,&quot;adSection&quot;:&quot;home&quot;,&quot;adPosition&quot;:&quot;Riser&quot;,&quot;fromGoogle&quot;:false},&quot;dynamicParameters&quot;:{&quot;localParams&quot;:&quot;[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]&quot;}}"></div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-wrap"> <footer class="footer" id="footer"> <div id="footer-microsite" class="footer-microsite"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Footer_Left" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .footer-microsite-contents {margin-bottom:1em;} .footer-network-other .link-apps:before {width: 23px;} .footer-network-other .link-institutions-librarians:before {width: 23px;} .jn-ss-footer-border-top {border-top:1px solid #555;padding-top:15px;} .jn-ss-footer-border-bottom {border-bottom:1px solid #555;padding-bottom:10px;} .jn-ss-footer-button-gray {background: grey !important;} .jn-ss-footer-button-gray:hover {background: #fff !important;} .widget-instance-AMAv2_EmailListSignUp_Footer .email-signup--submit {background: grey !important;} .widget-instance-AMAv2_EmailListSignUp_Footer .email-signup--submit:hover {background: #fff !important;} </style> <div class="footer-heading-wrap"> <h3 id="BodyContent_Footer_h3SiteName" class="footer-heading is-b footer-microsite-heading" data-mobile-tog-target=".footer-microsite-links-wrap">JAMA Network</h3> </div> <div class="footer-microsite-links-wrap"> <div class="footer-microsite-contents"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_ContentHeader" class="footer-subheading">Content</h4> <a href="/">Home</a> <a href="/pages/audio" target="_blank">Podcasts</a> <a href="/pages/video" target="_blank">Video</a> <a href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/" target="_blank">Featured Content</a> </div> <div class="footer-network-other jn-ss-footer-border-top jn-ss-footer-border-bottom"> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning" class="link-network-other is-b link-learning">JN Learning / CME</a> <a href="https://store.jamanetwork.com" class="link-network-other is-b link-store" target="_blank">Store</a> <a href="https://careers.jamanetwork.com/" class="link-network-other is-b link-jobs" target="_blank">Jobs</a> <a href="/pages/resources-for-librarians" class="link-network-other is-b link-institutions-librarians" target="_blank">Institutions</a> <a href="/pages/reprints-and-permissions" class="link-network-other is-b link-reprints-permissions" target="_blank">Reprints &amp; Permissions</a> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_divSubscribe" class="footer-microsite-subscribe"> <div class="subscribe-meta"> <h4 class="subscribe-heading footer-subheading">Subscribe</h4> <a href="https://store.jamanetwork.com/" class="subscribe-submit btn jn-ss-footer-button-gray">Go</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-network" class="footer-network"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Footer_Middle" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .footer-network-sites {width: 62.85542%;} .footer-network-info {width: 35.93976%} .jn-ss-subheading-mt {margin-top: 1.5em;} .jn-registered:after {content: "\00AE";font-size: 50%;vertical-align: top;} .jn-trademark:after {content: "\2122";font-size: 50%;vertical-align: top;} .nav-logo-cme-signin-container .nav-logo .site-logo img { min-width:50px;} </style> <div class="footer-heading-wrap"> <h3 class="footer-heading is-b jn-registered" data-mobile-tog-target=".footer-network-links-wrap"><strong>JAMA</strong> Network</h3> </div> <div class="footer-network-links-wrap"> <div class="footer-network-sites"> <div class="internal"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_JournalHeader" class="footer-subheading">Publications</h4> <a href="/journals/jama">JAMA</a> <a href="/journals/jamanetworkopen" target="_blank">JAMA Network Open</a> <a href="/journals/jamacardiology">JAMA Cardiology</a> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology">JAMA Dermatology</a> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum">JAMA Health Forum</a> <a href="/journals/jamainternalmedicine">JAMA Internal Medicine</a> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology">JAMA Neurology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaoncology">JAMA Oncology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaophthalmology">JAMA Ophthalmology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaotolaryngology">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head &amp; Neck Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/jamapediatrics">JAMA Pediatrics</a> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry">JAMA Psychiatry</a> <a href="/journals/jamasurgery">JAMA Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/archneurpsyc">Archives of Neurology &amp; Psychiatry (1919-1959)</a> </div> <div class="external"> <h4 class="footer-subheading">Sites</h4> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_ssFooterSiteMenu"> <div class="selfServe"> <a target="_blank" href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/art-and-images-in-psychiatry/">Art and Images in Psychiatry</a> <a target="_blank" href="/journals/jama/pages/2023-most-viewed-jama">Best of the JAMA Network</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/caring-for-the-critically-ill-patient">Caring for the Critically Ill Patient</a> <a target="_blank" href="/journals/jama/pages/crosswords">Clinical Crosswords from JAMA</a> <a target="_blank" href="/journals/jama/pages/coronavirus-alert">Coronavirus Resource Center</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://ebm.jamanetwork.com/index.html">Evidence-Based Medicine: An Oral History</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/fishbein-fellowship">Fishbein Fellowship</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/genomics/">Genomics and Precision Health</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/health-and-the-2024-us-election">Health and the 2024 US&nbsp;Election</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/hypertension">Hypertension</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/health-forum/archive">JAMA Forum Archive</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/audio">JAMA Network Audio</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/video">JAMA Network Video</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/conferences">JAMA Network Conferences </a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/ai">JAMA+ AI</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/jama-summit">JAMA Summit </a> <a target="_blank" href="/journals/jamasurgery/pages/statistics-and-methods">JAMA Surgery Guide to Statistics and Methods</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/medical-news">Medical News</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/monkeypox">Mpox (Monkeypox)</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/research-ethics/">Research Ethics</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/collections">Topics and Collections</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/visual-abstracts">Visual Abstracts</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/war">War and Health</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/womens-health">Women's Health</a> <h4 class="footer-subheading jn-ss-subheading-mt">Featured Articles</h4> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2781397">CONSERVE 2021 Guidelines for Reporting Trials Modified for the COVID-19 Pandemic</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2808296">Creation and Adoption of Large Language Models in&nbsp;Medicine</a> <a href="/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2787350">Global Burden of Cancer, 2010-2019</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2797443">Global Burden of Long COVID</a> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2790344">Global Burden of Melanoma</a> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2787350">Global Burden of Skin Diseases, 1990-2017</a> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2793874">Global Disparities in Parkinson Disease</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2799547">Guidelines for Reporting Outcomes in Trial Protocols: The SPIRIT-Outcomes 2022 Extension</a> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2799486">Mass Violence and the Complex Spectrum of Mental Illness and Mental Functioning</a> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2793903">Neuropsychiatry Sequelae of COVID-19</a> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2810313">A New Framework for Dementia Nomenclature</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2800656">Organization and Performance of US Health Systems</a> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2791195">Pharmacy Benefit Managers: History, Business Practices, Economics, and Policy</a> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2791195">Promoting EDI in Genetics Research</a> <a href="/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2781972">PTSD and Cardiovascular Disease</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2810754">Red Blood Cell Transfusion: 2023 AABB International Guidelines</a> <a href="/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2797600">Reimagining Children’s Rights in the US</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2794049">Spirituality in Serious Illness and Health</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2796374">The US Medicaid Program: Coverage, Financing, Reforms, and Implications for Health Equity</a> <h4 class="footer-subheading jn-ss-subheading-mt">USPSTF Recommendation Statements</h4> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779985">Screening for Colorectal Cancer</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779190">Screening for Hypertension</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2777244">Screening for Lung Cancer</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2796244">Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes In Children</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2783414">Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes In Adults</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2795521">Statins for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2793446">Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for Primary Prevention of of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer</a> <h4 class="footer-subheading jn-ss-subheading-mt">Blogs</h4> <a target="_blank" href="https://amastyleinsider.com/">AMA Style Insider</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-network-info" class="footer-network-info"> <div class="information-for-links"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_InfoHeader" class="footer-subheading">Information</h4> <a href="/pages/for-authors">For Authors</a> <a href="/pages/resources-for-librarians">For Institutions &amp; Librarians</a> <a href="/pages/advertisers">For Advertisers</a> <a href="/pages/subscription-agents">For Subscription Agents</a> <a href="https://careers.jamanetwork.com/" target="_blank">For Employers &amp; Job Seekers</a> <a href="https://media.jamanetwork.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">For the Media</a> <a href="/pages/equity-diversity-inclusion">Equity, Diversity, Inclusion</a> <a href="/pages/commenting-policy">Online Commenting Policy</a> <a href="/pages/access-at-jama-network">Public Access and Open Access Policy</a> <a href="/pages/offensive-content-statement">Statement on Potentially Offensive Content</a> </div> <div class="services-links"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_JAMANetworkProductsHeader" class="footer-subheading">JAMA Network Products</h4> <a href="http://www.amamanualofstyle.com/" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank">AMA Manual of Style</a> <a href="https://jamaevidence.mhmedical.com/" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank"><span class="jn-registered">JAMAevidence</span></a> <a href="http://www.peerreviewcongress.org/" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank">Peer Review Congress</a> </div> <div class="learning-links"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_LearningHeader" class="footer-subheading">JN Learning</h4> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning">Home</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/state-cme">State CME</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/pages/clinical-challenge-courses">Clinical Challenge CME</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/course/288 ">Atrial Fibrillation Course</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/course/294 ">Women's Health Course</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/pages/auto-credit-reporting">CME / MOC Reporting Preferences</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/pages/about-cme">About CME &amp; MOC</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-resources-wrap" class="footer-resources-wrap"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Footer_Right" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .footer-resources-wrap .footer-subheading {color: grey;display:block !important;font-size: 1.17647em;font-weight: 400;text-transform: uppercase;} </style> <div class="footer-heading-wrap"> <h3 class="footer-heading is-b footer-resources-heading" data-mobile-tog-target=".footer-resources">Help</h3> </div> <div class="footer-resources"> <a href="https://store.jamanetwork.com" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank">Subscriptions &amp; Renewals</a> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=http%3A%2F%2Fjamanetwork.com%2Fmyaccount%23my-alerts" class="footer-service-link" rel="nofollow">Manage Emails</a> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=http%3A%2F%2Fjamanetwork.com%2Fmyaccount%23my-profile" class="footer-service-link" rel="nofollow">Update My Address</a> <a href="https://support.jamanetwork.com/hc/en-us" class="footer-service-link">Support Center</a> <a href="/myaccount " class="footer-service-link">My Account</a> <h4 class="footer-subheading jn-ss-subheading-mt">JAMA Career Center</h4> <a href="https://careers.jamanetwork.com/" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank">Physician Job Listings</a> </div> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Footer_Socials" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .widget-instance-AMAv2_Network_Sidebar_Socials .iconsocial {display: inline-block !important;width: 34px;height: 34px;min-width: unset !important;margin: 0 2px !important;background-color: #fff;border-radius: 20px;border: 1px solid #191919;vertical-align: middle;} .widget-instance-AMAv2_Network_Sidebar_Socials .iconsocial.instagram {background-image: url(https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/social/instagram-icon-black.svg);background-position: 7px 7px;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 18px;} .widget-instance-AMAv2_Network_Sidebar_Socials .iconsocial.instagram:hover, .widget-instance-AMA_Journal_Home_Socials .iconsocial.instagram:focus {background-image: url(https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/social/instagram-icon-fill.png);border-color: #C13584;} .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial {display: inline-block !important;width: 32px;height: 32px;min-width: unset !important;margin: 0 2px 0 3px !important;background-color: #fff;border-radius: 20px;border: 1px solid #191919;vertical-align: middle;} .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial.instagram {background-image: url(https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/social/instagram-icon-black.svg);background-position: 6px 6px;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 18px;} .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial.instagram:hover, .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial.instagram:focus {background-color: #C13584;border-color: #191919;} #load-instagram-image { background: url(https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/social/instagram-icon-fill.png) no-repeat -9999px -9999px; } </style> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_divSocial" class="social-links footer-social-links"> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="06953c37-785c-4408-b2cd-4b9f89d3b8f1" href="https://www.facebook.com/JAMANetwork/" class="social-link is-b facebook"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="06953c37-785c-4408-b2cd-4b9f89d3b8f1" href="https://twitter.com/JAMANetwork" class="social-link is-b twitter"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="6d35777a-fc12-4d2d-9b49-81d031835d91" href="https://www.instagram.com/jamanetwork/?hl=en" class="iconsocial instagram"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="06953c37-785c-4408-b2cd-4b9f89d3b8f1" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/jamanetwork/" class="social-link is-b linked-in"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="06953c37-785c-4408-b2cd-4b9f89d3b8f1" href="https://www.youtube.com/jamanetwork" class="social-link is-b you-tube"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="06953c37-785c-4408-b2cd-4b9f89d3b8f1" href="https://www.pinterest.com/jamanetwork/" class="social-link is-b pinterest"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="06953c37-785c-4408-b2cd-4b9f89d3b8f1" href="/pages/rss/" class="social-link is-b rss"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="06953c37-785c-4408-b2cd-4b9f89d3b8f1" href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/audio/" class="social-link is-b podcast"></a> <div id="load-instagram-image">&nbsp;</div> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_divEmailUpdate" class="footer-email-updates"> <div class="widget-EmailListSignUp widget-instance-AMAv2_EmailListSignUp_Footer"> <div class="email-signup"> <div class="email-signup--text sb-pc">Get the latest from JAMA Network</div> <div class="email-signup--input-wrap is-b"> <input type="text" name="email" class="email-signup--input" placeholder="Email address" title="Email address" /> <a rel="nofollow" href="javascript:;" class="email-signup--submit sb-sc btn">Sign Up</a> </div> <div class="email-signup--link"> <a class="email-signup--privacy" href="/pages/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a> | <a class="email-signup--terms" href="/pages/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a></div> <div class="email-signup--user-message"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-bar" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Footer_Bottom_Bar" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .network-bar .auth--inst {color:#B8B8B8;} .multimedia-caption-container div.video-caption {color: #262626;font-size: 15px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.5;} .nav-journals a.theme-jama-health-forum:before {background: #133763;} .jn-bottom-bar {color: #fff; float: left;font-size: 10px;padding: 13px 20px;width: 33.33%;} .jn-bottom-bar p {line-height: 2;} @media (max-width: 900px) {.jn-bottom-bar {float: none;width: 100%;}} .jn-footer-copyright {font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:10px;} .jn-footer-pipe {margin:0 10px;} .footer-bar-jn-logo img {width: 230px;} @media (max-width: 900px) {.footer-bar-jn-logo img {width: 200px;}} [data-thm=umb] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #d71635 !important;} [data-thm=jama] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #d71635 !important;} [data-thm=jaman] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #ed0973 !important;} [data-thm=cardi] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #be1e32 !important;} [data-thm=derm] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #006f3b !important;} [data-thm=faci] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #ed1c24 !important;} [data-thm=jama-] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #fb5252 !important;} [data-thm=intem] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #006e96 !important;} [data-thm=neur] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #981b1e !important;} [data-thm=oncol] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #3b923f !important;} [data-thm=ophth] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #66bc29 !important;} [data-thm=otol] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #34b6e4 !important;} [data-thm=peds] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #0084c0 !important;} [data-thm=psych] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #005276 !important;} [data-thm=surg] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #f47920 !important;} .blockquote .para {margin: 0 0 1em 1em;} .jn-footer-copyright {display: block;} .inline-block {display: inline-block;} </style> <a class="footer-bar-jn-logo d-b no-mw mb1" href="/" title="JAMA Network Home"><img class="mw-100" src="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/global/jn-signature-reversed-r.svg?versionId=82308" alt="Jama Network Logo"></a> <div class="jn-bottom-bar"> <p> <span class="jn-footer-copyright">© 2024 American Medical Association. <span class="inline-block">All rights reserved,</span> including those for text and data mining, AI training, <span class="inline-block">and similar technologies.</span></span> <span class="inline-block"><a href="https://www.ama-assn.org/about/terms-use" rel="nofollow" class="p0">Terms of Use</a><span class="jn-footer-pipe">|</span></span> <span class="inline-block"><a href="https://www.ama-assn.org/about/privacy-policy" rel="nofollow" class="p0">Privacy Policy</a><span class="jn-footer-pipe">|</span></span> <span class="inline-block"><a href="https://www.ama-assn.org/about/accessibility-statement" rel="nofollow" class="p0">Accessibility Statement</a><span class="jn-footer-pipe">|</span></span> <span class="inline-block"><a onclick="OneTrust.ToggleInfoDisplay()" rel="nofollow" class="p0" id="CookieFooter">Cookie Settings</a></span> </p> </div> <!-- #selfserve-maintenance {display:block;margin:20px 0;max-height:none !important;min-height:200px;visibility:visible;} #selfserve-maintenance {display:block;margin:20px 0;max-height:none !important;min-height:200px;visibility:visible;} --> <a class="footer-bar-sis no-mw relative nudge-down" href="https://www.silverchair.com" target="_blank"><img class="footer-bar-sis-img mt05 mw-100" width="600" height="70" src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/img/powered.png" alt="Silverchair Logo" /></a> </div> </footer> </div> <div class="ss-ui-only"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_SS_UI_Only"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SsUiOnly" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> . </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="widget-UserContentAccessWrite widget-instance-AMA_UserContentAccessWrite_Site"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-LocalStorage-UserContentAccessWrite" data-values='{"id":"0","type":"Site","date":"11/24/2024 3:26:41 AM"}'></div> </div> <div id="revealModal" class="reveal-modal" data-reveal> <div id="revealContent"></div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="artmet-modal" id="MetricsModal"> <div class="artmet-modal-contents"> <a class="artmet-close-modal">&#215;</a> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SigninModals widget-instance-AMA_SigninModals"> <div class="js-modal-no-access-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Access your subscriptions</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2f"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-AmaAdvancedSeamlessAccess widget-instance-AMA_NoAccess_AdvancedSeamlessAccessButton"> <div class="seamless-access-button--wrap"> <button class="d-flex sa-button align-items-center" role="button" type="button"> <div class="sa-button-logo-wrap"> <img src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/svg/seamless-access.svg" class="sa-button-logo" alt="Seamless Access Logo" /> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center sa-button-text text-truncate"> <div class="sa-button-text-primary text-truncate">Access through your institution</div> </div> </button> <div class="sa-access-text text-truncate hide"> <div class="sa-cta-access"><span>Add or change institution</span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_NoAccess_SigninModal_CreateAccount"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_CreateAccount" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Free access to newly published articles</div> <hr /> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-create-personal-account" type="button" role="button"><div class="text-truncate">Create a free personal account</div></button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">To register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles</div> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA Network|SigninModal_CreateAccount</div>--> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_NoAccess_SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_NoAccessAndPaidPDF"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_NoAccessAndPaidPDF" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Purchase access</div> <hr> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-subscribe-journal" type="button" role="button"> <div class="text-truncate">Subscribe to journal</div> </button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">Get full journal access for 1 year</div> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-purchase-article" type="button" role="button"> <div class="text-truncate">Buy article</div> </button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">Get unlimited access and a printable PDF ($40.00)—<br> <em>Sign in or create a free account</em></div> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA Network|SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_NoAccessAndPaidPDF</div>--> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-paid-pdf-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Access your subscriptions</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2f"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-AmaAdvancedSeamlessAccess widget-instance-AMA_PaidPdf_AdvancedSeamlessAccessButton"> <div class="seamless-access-button--wrap"> <button class="d-flex sa-button align-items-center" role="button" type="button"> <div class="sa-button-logo-wrap"> <img src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/svg/seamless-access.svg" class="sa-button-logo" alt="Seamless Access Logo" /> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center sa-button-text text-truncate"> <div class="sa-button-text-primary text-truncate">Access through your institution</div> </div> </button> <div class="sa-access-text text-truncate hide"> <div class="sa-cta-access"><span>Add or change institution</span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_PaidPdf_SigninModal_CreateAccount"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_CreateAccount" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Free access to newly published articles</div> <hr /> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-create-personal-account" type="button" role="button"><div class="text-truncate">Create a free personal account</div></button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">To register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles</div> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA Network|SigninModal_CreateAccount</div>--> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_PaidPdf_SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_NoAccessAndPaidPDF"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_NoAccessAndPaidPDF" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Purchase access</div> <hr> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-subscribe-journal" type="button" role="button"> <div class="text-truncate">Subscribe to journal</div> </button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">Get full journal access for 1 year</div> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-purchase-article" type="button" role="button"> <div class="text-truncate">Buy article</div> </button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">Get unlimited access and a printable PDF ($40.00)—<br> <em>Sign in or create a free account</em></div> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA Network|SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_NoAccessAndPaidPDF</div>--> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-free-pdf-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Sign in to access free PDF</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2f"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-AmaAdvancedSeamlessAccess widget-instance-AMA_FreePdf_AdvancedSeamlessAccessButton"> <div class="seamless-access-button--wrap"> <button class="d-flex sa-button align-items-center" role="button" type="button"> <div class="sa-button-logo-wrap"> <img src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/svg/seamless-access.svg" class="sa-button-logo" alt="Seamless Access Logo" /> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center sa-button-text text-truncate"> <div class="sa-button-text-primary text-truncate">Access through your institution</div> </div> </button> <div class="sa-access-text text-truncate hide"> <div class="sa-cta-access"><span>Add or change institution</span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_FreePdf_SigninModal_CreateAccount"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_CreateAccount" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Free access to newly published articles</div> <hr /> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-create-personal-account" type="button" role="button"><div class="text-truncate">Create a free personal account</div></button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">To register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles</div> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA Network|SigninModal_CreateAccount</div>--> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-save-search-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Save your search</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2f"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_SaveSearch_SigninModal_CreateAccount"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_CreateAccount" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Free access to newly published articles</div> <hr /> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-create-personal-account" type="button" role="button"><div class="text-truncate">Create a free personal account</div></button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">To register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles</div> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA Network|SigninModal_CreateAccount</div>--> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_SaveSearch"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_SaveSearch" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Purchase access</div> <hr /> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-subscribe-now">Subscribe now</button> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA Network|SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_SaveSearch</div>--> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-follow-collection-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Customize your interests</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2f"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_FollowCollection_SigninModal_CreateAccount"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_CreateAccount" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Free access to newly published articles</div> <hr /> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-create-personal-account" type="button" role="button"><div class="text-truncate">Create a free personal account</div></button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">To register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles</div> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA Network|SigninModal_CreateAccount</div>--> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_FollowCollection"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_FollowCollection" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--sub-title">Create a personal account or sign in to:</div> <ul> <li>Register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles</li> <li>Access PDFs of free articles</li> <li>Manage your interests</li> <li>Save searches and receive search alerts</li> <ul> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA Network|SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_FollowCollection</div>--> </div> </div> <div class="modal--link-wrap"> <a class="modal--link" href="/pages/privacy-policy" rel="nofollow">Privacy Policy</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-user-comment-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Make a comment</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2f"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_UserComment_SigninModal_CreateAccount"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_CreateAccount" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--title">Free access to newly published articles</div> <hr /> <button class="modal--btn js-btn-create-personal-account" type="button" role="button"><div class="text-truncate">Create a free personal account</div></button> <div class="modal--btn-desc">To register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles</div> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA Network|SigninModal_CreateAccount</div>--> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_UserComment"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_UserComment" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="modal--sub-title">Create a personal account or sign in to:</div> <ul> <li>Register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles</li> <li>Access PDFs of free articles</li> <li>Manage your interests</li> <li>Save searches and receive search alerts</li> <ul> <!--<div class="jn-selfServe-modal-label">JAMA Network|SigninModal_PurchaseOptions_UserComment</div>--> </div> </div> <div class="modal--link-wrap"> <a class="modal--link" href="/pages/privacy-policy" rel="nofollow">Privacy Policy</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="hidden-true js-modal-page-data" data-store-url="https://store.jamanetwork.com" data-store-purchase-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https://store.jamanetwork.com" data-store-subscribe-url="https://store.jamanetwork.com"> </div> </div> <script src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/vendor/jquery-2.2.4.min.js?v=638654734634555810"></script> <script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="/UI/app/vendor/jquery-2.2.4.min.js">\x3C/script>')</script> <script src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/dist/app.min.js?v=638677764559592887" defer></script> </form> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/scss/modules/_trendMD.css"> <div class="widget-CustomJSScript widget-instance-"> <script src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/ama/ama.proxylogging.js" async></script> </div> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10