CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/" hreflang="en" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/cancers-of-the-human-lung-are-classified-molecularly-and-genetically-27223.html"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/images/favicon.ico"/>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.1/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300i,400,400i,600,600i,700,700i,800,800i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Catamaran:100,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,900" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/animate.css/3.5.2/animate.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.7.1/css/all.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/css/metisMenu.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/css/dzsparallaxer.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/assets/css/icons.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/assets/css/author.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/css/global.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/css/styles.css">   <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-Q6TCJGJW4D"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-Q6TCJGJW4D'); </script> <title> Cancers of the human lung are classified molecularly and genetically. </title> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="description" content=".. "> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Allied Academies"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Pulmonology and Clinical Research"> <meta name="citation_title" content="Cancers of the human lung are classified molecularly and genetically."> <meta name="citation_author" content="Matthew Franklin"/> <meta name="citation_year" content="2023"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="6"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="5"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.35841/aajpcr-6.5.170"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="Open Access"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content=""/> <meta name="citation_abstract" content=""> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/cancers-of-the-human-lung-are-classified-molecularly-and-genetically-27223.html"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/cancers-of-the-human-lung-are-classified-molecularly-and-genetically.pdf"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.alliedacademies.org/abstract/"> <script type="text/javascript"> function openimage(theURL, winName, features) { window.open(theURL, winName, features); } </script> </head> <body class="border-top-3 border-danger"> <svg class="d-none"> <defs> <path id="tabshape" d="M80,60C34,53.5,64.417,0,0,0v60H80z"/> </defs> </svg> <header> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <div class="container"> <a class="navbar-brand w-xs-50" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/" title="Allied Academies"> <img src="https://www.alliedacademies.org/images/allied-academies-logo.png" alt="" class="max-height-60 img-fluid"> </a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#mainNav" aria-controls="mainNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse justify-content-end" id="mainNav"> <div class="navbar-nav"> <a class="nav-item nav-link active" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/" title="Allied Academies">Home</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journals.php" title="A-Z Journals">A-Z Journals</a> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="About" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" title="About"> About </a> <div class="dropdown-menu animated fadeInUp" aria-labelledby="About"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/#" title="FAQs">FAQs</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/history.php" title="History">History</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="GuidelinesPolicies" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" title="Guidelines and Policies"> Guidelines & Policies </a> <div class="dropdown-menu animated fadeInUp" aria-labelledby="GuidelinesPolicies"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/publication-policies-and-procedures.php" title="Publication Policies and Procedures">Publication Policies and Procedures</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/publication-guidelines.php" title="Publication Guidelines">Publication Guidelines</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-submission-instructions.php" title="Journal Submission Instructions">Journal Submission Instructions</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/code-of-conduct.php" title="Code of Conduct">Code of Conduct</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/ethics.php" title="Ethics">Ethics</a> </div> </li> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/contact.php" title="Contact">Contact</a> <div id="google_translate_element" align="center" style="width:180px;"></div> <script> function googleTranslateElementInit() { new google.translate.TranslateElement( { pageLanguage: 'en' }, 'google_translate_element' ); } </script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=googleTranslateElementInit"></script> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <section class="bg-grey-200"> <div class="container py-4"> <div class="row align-items-center justify-content-between"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-12"> <h2 class="text-danger mb-0 font-size-26 fweight-500">Journal of Pulmonology and Clinical Research</h2> </div>  </div> </div> </section>  <div class="container"> <div class="media alert alert-primary mt-3"> <i class="fas fa-hand-point-right fa-2x align-self-center mr-3 animated infinite bounce slow blue-500"></i> <div class="media-body"> All submissions of the EM system will be redirected to <strong>Online Manuscript Submission System</strong>. Authors are requested to submit articles directly to <a href="https://www.scholarscentral.org/submissions/pulmonology-clinical-research.html" target="_blank" class="text-warning" title="Online Manuscript Submission System"><strong>Online Manuscript Submission System</strong></a> of respective journal. </div> </div> </div>  </header>  <div class="phonering-alo-phone phonering-alo-green phonering-alo-show bg-primary p-2 rounded-right" id="feedback"> <div class="phonering-alo-ph-circle"></div> Reach Us <img src="https://www.imedpub.com/images/telephone-white.svg" alt="" width="20" class="ml-2"> <img src="https://www.imedpub.com/images/whatsapp.svg" alt="" width="20" class="ml-2"> +1 (202) 780-3397 </div> <section class="py-4"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <main class="col-xs-12 col-sm-9"> <div class="card border-5 rounded-0"> <article class="card-body full-text"> <p class="grey-600 mb-1"><i class="fa fa-caret-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> Commentary - Journal of Pulmonology and Clinical Research (2023) Volume 6, Issue 5</p> <h1 class="text-danger font-size-26 fweight-400">Cancers of the human lung are classified molecularly and genetically.</h1> <p><strong> Matthew Franklin <sup><a href="#corr">*</a></sup></strong></p> <p>Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy</p> <dl class="dl-horizontal"> <dt>*Corresponding Author:</dt> <dd> Matthew Franklin <a name="corr" id="corr"></a> <br /> Department of Medical Oncology <br /> University Hospital of Parma <br /> Parma, Italy <br /> <strong>E-mail:</strong> franklin@matthew.it</dd> </dl> <p><strong>Received</strong><strong>:</strong>30-Aug-2023, Manuscript No. AAJPCR-23-112900; <strong>Editor assigned</strong><strong>:</strong>02- Sep -2023, PreQC No. AAJPCR-23-112900 (PQ); <strong>Reviewed</strong><strong>:</strong>16-Sep-2023, QC No. AAJPCR-23-112900; <strong>Revised:</strong>21-Sep-2023, Manuscript No. AAJPCR-23-112900 (R); <strong>Published:</strong>28-Sep-2023, DOI:10.35841/ /aajpcr-6.5.170</p> <p><strong>Citation: </strong> Franklin F. Cancers of the human lung are classified molecularly and genetically. J Pulmonol Clin Res. 2023;6(5):170</p> <div> <strong>Visit for more related articles at </strong> <a href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research/volume-selector.php" title="Journal of Pulmonology and Clinical Research"> Journal of Pulmonology and Clinical Research </a> </div> <h2 class="post-title">Introduction</h2> <p>Given its high incidence and fatality rates, lung cancer continues to be one of oncology's most difficult problems, posing a threat to global health. In the complex web of this illness, one genetic change—KRAS mutations—stands out clearly as a major force behind the onset and spread of lung cancer. Because of their widespread prevalence and important implications for patient outcomes, these mutations, which affect the Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) gene, have become a focus of study and clinical attention [<a href="#1" title="1">1</a>].</p> <p>A crucial protein in the intracellular signaling pathways that control cell growth, differentiation, and survival is encoded by the KRAS gene. This gene's mutations set off a chain reaction of abnormal cellular functions that promote unchecked cell growth and survival, two characteristics that characterize cancer. Although KRAS mutations are not particular to lung cancer, their prevalence and clinical importance in this situation have led to a lot of research on them [<a href="#2" title="2">2</a>].</p> <p>Lung cancer is one of the most common and deadly types of cancer in the world, and it are a complex and diverse illness. Scientists have using molecular and genetic classifications to untangle the complex web of causes driving this deadly illness' growth and progression in their attempt to understand and treat it. Instead of being one illness, lung cancer is a spectrum of conditions, each with a distinct molecular make-up and clinical behavior. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are the two principal histological subtypes of lung cancer, respectively. However, developments in genetics and molecular biology have uncovered a greater level of intricacy [<a href="#3" title="3">3</a>].</p> <p>The lung cancer therapy landscape has undergone a revolution thanks to molecular and genetic classifications. With the use of personalized medicine, oncologists may now adapt treatments to each patient's particular genetic profile, enhancing therapeutic effectiveness and minimizing side effects. Erlotinib and osimertinib are two examples of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors that may be helpful for people with EGFR mutations. ALK inhibitors like crizotinib can treat people with ALK rearrangements. For some lung cancer patients, particularly those with strong PD-L1 expression, immunotherapy has also shown promise [<a href="#4" title="4">4</a>].</p> <p>Lung cancers are a heterogeneous set of diseases that can be categorized according to their histological and molecular features; they are not one single disease. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were historically the two main subtypes of lung cancer. Modern developments in molecular biology have nonetheless painted a considerably more complex picture [<a href="#5" title="5">5</a>].</p> <h2 class="post-title">Conclusion</h2> <p>We now have a better understanding of lung cancer thanks to molecular and genetic classifications, which also expose the heterogeneity of this disease and provide a window into more potent treatment options. The future holds hope for even more precise and tailored medicines, ultimately improving the prognosis and quality of life for those affected by this difficult disease. Lung cancer is a complicated disease that is still being fully understood at the molecular level by research. Lung cancer treatment is changing thanks to the incorporation of genetics and genomics into clinical practice, and we're getting closer to a time when every patient is given a course of action that is customized to their particular genetic profile.</p>  <h2 class="post-title">References</h2> <ol> <li>Dacic S, Ionescu DN, Finkelstein S, et al. <a href="mailto:https://journals.lww.com/ajsp/Fulltext/2005/07000/Microsatellite_Analysis_of_Synchronous_and.00007.aspx">Patterns of allelic loss of synchronous adenocarcinomas of the lung</a>. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29(7):897-902.</li> <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15958854/">Indexed at</a>, <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Patterns+of+allelic+loss+of+synchronous+adenocarcinomas+of+the+lung&btnG=">Google Scholar</a>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/01.pas.0000164367.96379.66">Cross Ref</a></p> <li>Peifer M, Fernández-Cuesta L, Sos ML, et al. <a href="mailto:https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.2396">Integrative genome analyses identify key somatic driver mutations of small-cell lung cancer</a>. Nat Genet. 2012;44(10):1104-10.</li> <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22941188/">Indexed at</a>, <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Integrative+genome+analyses+identify+key+somatic+driver+mutations+of+small-cell+lung+cancer&btnG=">Google Scholar</a>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2396">Cross Ref</a></p> <li>Sos ML, Michel K, Zander T, et al. <a href="mailto:https://www.jci.org/articles/view/37127">Predicting drug susceptibility of non-small cell lung cancers based on genetic lesions</a>. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(6):1727-40.</li> <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19451690/">Indexed at</a>, <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Predicting+drug+susceptibility+of+non-small+cell+lung+cancers+based+on+genetic+lesions&btnG=">Google Scholar</a>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1172/jci37127">Cross Ref</a></p> <li>Huang M, Shen A, Ding J, et al. <a href="mailto:https://www.cell.com/trends/pharmacological-sciences/fulltext/S0165-6147(13)00220-4?script=true&code=cell-site&mobileUi=0">Molecularly targeted cancer therapy: Some lessons from the past decade</a>. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2014;35(1):41-50.</li> <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24361003/">Indexed at</a>, <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Molecularly+targeted+cancer+therapy%3A+Some+lessons+from+the+past+decade.&btnG=">Google Scholar</a>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2013.11.004">Cross Ref</a></p> <li>Mataki H, Enokida H, Chiyomaru T, et al. <a href="mailto:https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg2014111">Downregulation of the microRNA-1/133a cluster enhances cancer cell migration and invasion in lung-squamous cell carcinoma via regulation of Coronin1C</a>. J Hum Genet. 2015;60(2):53-61.</li> <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25518741/">Indexed at</a>, <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Downregulation+of+the+microRNA-1%2F133a+cluster+enhances+cancer+cell+migration+and+invasion+in+lung-squamous+cell+carcinoma+via+regulation+of+Coronin1C&btnG=">Google Scholar</a>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/jhg.2014.111">Cross Ref</a></p> </ol> </article> </div> </main>  <aside class="col-12 col-sm-3 order-sm-1"> <a href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research-online-visitors-readers-11.html" class="btn btn-danger btn-block mb-3 font-size-4"><i class="fas fa-book-reader"></i> 25+ Million Readerbase</a> <a class="btn btn-danger btn-block mb-3 font-size-4" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research/nominations.php" title="Awards & Nominations">Awards & Nominations</a>  <div class="text-center mb-3"> <a class="btn btn-outline-dark btn-sm" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/cancers-of-the-human-lung-are-classified-molecularly-and-genetically.pdf" title="View PDF"><i class="ti-eye"></i> View PDF</a> <a class="btn btn-outline-dark btn-sm" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/download.php?download=articles/cancers-of-the-human-lung-are-classified-molecularly-and-genetically.pdf" title="Download PDF"><i class="ti-cloud-down"></i> Download PDF</a> </div> <div class="card shadow-sm sidebar mb-0"> <div class="list-group list-group-flush qr_code_image"> <img title="QR" src="https://chart.googleapis.com/chart?chs=185x185&cht=qr&chl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alliedacademies.org%2Farticles%2Fcancers-of-the-human-lung-are-classified-molecularly-and-genetically-27223.html&chld=M|0&icqrf=00b1e4" alt="Cancers of the human lung are classified molecularly and genetically." />  <nav class="nav nav-pills social-icons-footer sidebar_social_icons a-pl-0">        <a style="width:30px;" title="Share This Article" target="_blank" class="nav-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?s=100&p[title]=Cancers of the human lung are classified molecularly and genetically.&p[url]=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alliedacademies.org%2Farticles%2Fcancers-of-the-human-lung-are-classified-molecularly-and-genetically-27223.html"><img src="https://www.alliedacademies.org/assets/socials/facebook.png" alt="Cancers of the human lung are classified molecularly and genetically." /></a>      <a style="width:30px;" target="_blank" href="https://web.whatsapp.com/send?text=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alliedacademies.org%2Farticles%2Fcancers-of-the-human-lung-are-classified-molecularly-and-genetically-27223.html" title="Share This Article" class="nav-link"><img src="https://www.alliedacademies.org/assets/socials/whatsapp.png" alt="Cancers of the human lung are classified molecularly and genetically." /></a>      <a style="width:30px;" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alliedacademies.org%2Farticles%2Fcancers-of-the-human-lung-are-classified-molecularly-and-genetically-27223.html" title="Share This Article" class="nav-link"><img src="https://www.alliedacademies.org/assets/socials/linkedin.png" alt="Cancers of the human lung are classified molecularly and genetically." /></a>      <a style="width:30px;" title="Share This Article" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/share?text=Cancers of the human lung are classified molecularly and genetically.&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alliedacademies.org%2Farticles%2Fcancers-of-the-human-lung-are-classified-molecularly-and-genetically-27223.html" class="nav-link"><img src="https://www.alliedacademies.org/assets/socials/twitter.png" alt="Cancers of the human lung are classified molecularly and genetically." /></a> </nav>  </div> </div> <div class="cu_navgation"> <nav class="sidebar-nav mb-3 p-0"> <a class="navbar-brand d-block d-sm-none" href="#">Journal Menu</a> <div> <div class="navbar-nav flex-column w-100"> <a class="nav-item nav-link active" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research/" title="Journal Home">Journal Home</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research/editors.php" title="Editorial Board"><i class="ti-id-badge"></i> Editorial Board</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research/guidelines.php" title="Author Guidelines"><i class="ti-pencil-alt"></i> Author Guidelines</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research/fast-editorial-review-process.php" title="Fast Editorial Review Process"><i class="ti-pencil-alt"></i> Fast Editorial Review Process</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research/aimsandscope.php" title="Aim & Scope"><i class="ti-pencil-alt"></i> Aim & Scope</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research/citations.php" title="Citations"><i class="ti-id-badge"></i> Citations</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research/peer-review-process.php" title="Peer Review Process"><i class="ti-pencil-alt"></i> Peer Review Process</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research/publication-ethics.php" title="Publication Ethics & Malpractice Statement"><i class="ti-pencil-alt"></i> Publication Ethics & Malpractice Statement</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research/submit-manuscript.php" title="Submit Manuscript"><i class="ti-hand-point-up"></i> Submit Manuscript</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research/inpress.php" title="In Press"><i class="ti-files"></i>Articles in process</a>  <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research/special-issue.php" title="Special Issues"><i class="ti-layers-alt"></i> Special Issues</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research/volume-selector.php" title="Volume Selector"><i class="ti-layers-alt"></i> Volume Selector</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research/indexing.php" title="Indexing Services"><i class="ti-layers-alt"></i> Indexing Services</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research-advertising-91.html" title="Advertise"><i class="ti-files"></i> Advertise</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/covid-19-peer-reviewed-journals-articles-special-issues.php" title="Advertise"><i class="ti-layers-alt"></i> COVID-19 Special Issues</a> </div> </div> </nav> </div>  <h6><a target="_blank" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=list_works&hl=en&user=p0dJJqwAAAAJ " title="Click here">Google Scholar citation report</a></h6> <h6 style="font-weight:bold;">Citations : 31</h6> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=list_works&hl=en&user=p0dJJqwAAAAJ " title="Click here">Journal of Pulmonology and Clinical Research received 31 citations as per Google Scholar report</a></p> <div class="card shadow-sm sidebar mb-3"> <a href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research/citations.php" title="Click here"><img src="https://www.alliedacademies.org/admin/citation-images/journal-of-pulmonology-and-clinical-research-flyer.png" alt="Citation image" class="img-fluid p_rel" /></a> </div>     <h6><a href="https://publons.com/journal/61947/journal-of-pulmonology-and-clinical-research/" target="_blank" title="Click here">Journal of Pulmonology and Clinical Research peer review process verified by publons</a></h6> <div class="card shadow-sm sidebar mb-3"> <a href="https://publons.com/journal/61947/journal-of-pulmonology-and-clinical-research/" target="_blank" title="Click here"><img src="https://www.alliedacademies.org/admin/publon-images/journal-of-pulmonology-and-clinical-research-publon.png" alt="Publon image" height="200px" target="_blank" class="img-fluid p_rel" /></a> </div> <div class="card shadow-sm sidebar mb-3"> <h6 class="card-header pr-0">Indexed In</h6> <div class="list-group list-group-flush"> <div class="p-0 pt-2 pl-2 index-view"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size: 11px;color: #0056b3;"></i> Publons<br> <i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size: 11px;color: #0056b3;"></i> Google Scholar<br> </div> <a href="#" class="index-read-more"> <div class="card-footer"><a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research/indexing.php" title="Special Issues">Read More</a></div> </a> </div> </div>  <div class="card mb-3 radius-0 shadow-sm"> <div class="card-body font-size-18 radius-0 py-2 fweight-500"> Latest Volumes </div> <div class="card-header"> <select class="form-control" id="year" name="year"> <option value="2023" selected = selected > 2023</option> <option value="2022" > 2022</option> <option value="2021" > 2021</option> <option value="2020" > 2020</option> <option value="2019" > 2019</option> </select> </div> <div class="nav flex-column font-size-16 py-2" id="vol_disp"> </div> </div>  <div class="card mb-3"> <a href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-pulmonology-clinical-research-advertising-91.html" title="Click here"><img src="https://www.alliedacademies.org/assets/images/tower-banner.jpg" alt="Flyer image" class="img-fluid p_rel" /> <span class="p_abo cu_roundchip"> <span> <h5><span>25+</span> Million Website Visitors</h5> </span> </span> </a> </div>     <div class="card mb-3"> <a class="twitter-timeline" href="https://twitter.com/PulmonologyCli1" data-width="300" data-height="400">Tweets by PulmonologyCli1</a> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </div>  <div class="card shadow-sm sidebar mb-3"> <h6 class="card-header pr-0">Open Access Journals</h6> <div class="list-group list-group-flush"> <div class="list-group-item p-0 pt-2 pl-2"> <a class="pr-2 deep-orange-400-before cu_bu" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/chemistry-journals.php" title="Chemistry" target="_blank"><span class="text-danger mr-1"><i class="far fa-hand-point-right"></i></span>Chemistry</a> </div> <div class="list-group-item p-0 pt-2 pl-2"> <a class="pr-2 deep-orange-400-before cu_bu" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/clinical-journals.php" title="Clinical Sciences" target="_blank"><span class="text-danger mr-1"><i class="far fa-hand-point-right"></i></span>Clinical Sciences</a> </div> <div class="list-group-item p-0 pt-2 pl-2"> <a class="pr-2 deep-orange-400-before cu_bu" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/food-nutrition-journals.php" title="Food & Nutrition" target="_blank"><span class="text-danger mr-1"><i class="far fa-hand-point-right"></i></span>Food & Nutrition</a> </div> <div class="list-group-item p-0 pt-2 pl-2"> <a class="pr-2 deep-orange-400-before cu_bu" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/general-science-journals.php" title="General Science" target="_blank"><span class="text-danger mr-1"><i class="far fa-hand-point-right"></i></span>General Science</a> </div> <div class="list-group-item p-0 pt-2 pl-2"> <a class="pr-2 deep-orange-400-before cu_bu" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/genetics-molecular-biology-journals.php" title="Genetics & Molecular Biology" target="_blank"><span class="text-danger mr-1"><i class="far fa-hand-point-right"></i></span>Genetics & Molecular Biology</a> </div> <div class="list-group-item p-0 pt-2 pl-2"> <a class="pr-2 deep-orange-400-before cu_bu" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/immunology-microbiology-journals.php" title="Immunology & Microbiology" target="_blank"><span class="text-danger mr-1"><i class="far fa-hand-point-right"></i></span>Immunology & Microbiology</a> </div> <div class="list-group-item p-0 pt-2 pl-2"> <a class="pr-2 deep-orange-400-before cu_bu" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/medical-journals.php" title="Medical Sciences" target="_blank"><span class="text-danger mr-1"><i class="far fa-hand-point-right"></i></span>Medical Sciences</a> </div> <div class="list-group-item p-0 pt-2 pl-2"> <a class="pr-2 deep-orange-400-before cu_bu" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/neurology-psychology-journals.php" title="Neurology & Psychology" target="_blank"><span class="text-danger mr-1"><i class="far fa-hand-point-right"></i></span>Neurology & Psychology</a> </div> <div class="list-group-item p-0 pt-2 pl-2"> <a class="pr-2 deep-orange-400-before cu_bu" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/nursing-health-care-journals.php" title="Nursing & Health Care" target="_blank"><span class="text-danger mr-1"><i class="far fa-hand-point-right"></i></span>Nursing & Health Care</a> </div> </div> </div>  </aside>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.2/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $("#year").val('2023'); yearchange('2023'); $("#year").change(function() { var year=$("#year").val(); yearchange(year); }); function yearchange(year){ //var year=$("#year").val(); var journal="aajpcr"; var dataString = {'year':year,'journal':journal}; $.ajax ({ type: "POST", url: "https://www.alliedacademies.org/vol_disp.php", data: dataString, cache: false, success: function(html) { $("#vol_disp").html(html); } }); } }); </script> </div> </div> </section> <footer class="bg-grey-800 font-size-14">  <a href="#0" class="cd-top js-cd-top"> <svg viewBox="0 0 80 60" preserveAspectRatio="none" class="back-to-top-svg"><use xlink:href="#tabshape"></use></svg> <svg viewBox="0 0 80 60" preserveAspectRatio="none" class="back-to-top-svg"><use xlink:href="#tabshape"></use></svg> <span><i class="fas fa-angle-up"></i></span> </a> <div class="container"> <div class="row align-items-start border-bottom-1 brd-grey-700"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-3"> <h5 class="mt-2">Quick Links</h5> <nav class="nav flex-column"> <a class="nav-link grey-100 pl-0 py-1" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/">Home</a> <a class="nav-link grey-100 pl-0 py-1" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journals.php">Open Acces Journals</a> <a class="nav-link grey-100 pl-0 py-1" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-submission-instructions.php">Submission Instructions</a> <a class="nav-link grey-100 pl-0 py-1" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/publication-guidelines.php">Publication Guidelines</a> <a class="nav-link grey-100 pl-0 py-1" href="https://www.alliedacademies.org/contact.php">Contact</a> </nav> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-3"> <h5 class="mt-2">Reach Us</h5> <address> Allied Academies<br> 40 Bloomsbury Way<br> Lower Ground Floor<br> London, United Kingdom<br> WC1A 2SE </address> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-2"> <h5 class="mt-2">Contact Us</h5> <p> Call: 44 2033180199<br> E-Mail: <a href="mailto:info@alliedacademies.org" class="grey-100">info@alliedacademies.org</a> </p> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-3"> <h5 class="mt-2 text-center">Follow Us</h5> <ul class="list-inline mb-0 text-center"> <li class="animate-icon list-inline-item mt-0"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/alliedacdemies/" class="animate-icon-wrap animate-icon-sm bg-facebook-hover rounded-circle" target="_blank" title="Facebook"> <i class="animate-icon-item fab fa-facebook-f white"></i> <i class="animate-icon-item fab fa-facebook-f white"></i> </a> </li> <li class="animate-icon list-inline-item mt-0"> <a href="https://twitter.com/AlliedAcadamies" class="animate-icon-wrap animate-icon-sm white bg-twitter-hover rounded-circle" target="_blank" title="Twitter"> <i class="animate-icon-item fab fa-twitter"></i> <i class="animate-icon-item fab fa-twitter"></i> </a> </li> <li class="animate-icon list-inline-item mt-0"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/allied-academies" class="animate-icon-wrap animate-icon-sm white bg-linkedin-hover rounded-circle" target="_blank" title="Linkedin"> <i class="animate-icon-item fab fa-linkedin-in"></i> <i class="animate-icon-item fab fa-linkedin-in"></i> </a> </li> <li class="animate-icon list-inline-item mt-0"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/allied_academies9/" class="animate-icon-wrap animate-icon-sm white bg-instagram-hover rounded-circle" target="_blank" title="Instagram"> <i class="animate-icon-item fab fa-instagram"></i> <i class="animate-icon-item fab fa-instagram"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <p class="my-3">© Allied Academies 2025 | Creative Commons License Open Access Journals by Allied Academies is licensed under a Creative Commons Attritbution 4.0 International License</p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="app-view"> Get the App <p><a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.journals.alliedacademies" target="_blank"> <i class="fab fa-android"></i></a></p> </div>    <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js"></script> <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>  <script src="/assets/js/scroll-to-top.js"></script> <script> $(function () { $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip() }) </script>  <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script language="javascript"> $( "#search_key" ).autocomplete({ source: function(request, response) { $.ajax({ url: "https://www.alliedacademies.org/author_names.php", type: "POST", dataType: "json", data: { keyword: request.term, }, success: function( data ) { response( data ); } }); }, select: function (event, ui) { $("#search_key").val(ui.item.value); $("#keyword").val(ui.item.id); location.href = 'https://www.alliedacademies.org/search-results.php?keyword='+encodeURI(ui.item.value); }, change: function (event, ui) { var titletext = $('#search_key').val(); if(titletext == ""){ $('#keyword').val(''); } }, minLength: 2, max:50, highlightClass: "bold-text", scroll:true }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.alliedacademies.org/js/jquery.back-to-top.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.alliedacademies.org/js/dzsparallaxer.js"></script> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/metisMenu/2.7.7/metisMenu.min.js"></script>  <script> $("#menu").metisMenu({ triggerElement: '.nav-link', parentTrigger: '.nav-item', subMenu: '.nav.flex-column' }); </script>  </body> </html>