CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.hindawi.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8ec8b67a39375f3f',cH: 'PlYzPPsGzm7pNEwaXazbN9HLHqdPUcTj63FJSjqTUyg-1733282973-1.2.1.1-kxA2J6xenYWyvkZdnbYaYk6p7cFUl.c50z6PnSJ5fv8WSOOBr.29LXsIuVlzSMzi',cUPMDTk: "\/journals\/mse\/guidelines\/?__cf_chl_tk=i6dBF7wT5e78cbRM.IadoN8ClQoBXfNnvEo9.zOIYDU-1733282973-1.0.1.1-xp6MKCxFRK4e7982zOmiiweFKOUX.fk4sx0c0rW9.zs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1733282973',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/journals\/mse\/guidelines\/?__cf_chl_f_tk=i6dBF7wT5e78cbRM.IadoN8ClQoBXfNnvEo9.zOIYDU-1733282973-1.0.1.1-xp6MKCxFRK4e7982zOmiiweFKOUX.fk4sx0c0rW9.zs",md: "D78XWR1mcLPL.BI6w7vUVs1YGXl7hFQaD_Ap3NybCQc-1733282973-1.2.1.1-Of4xhCGx3o9VC3vCHUgwJg.j3EaVKA4dgFSD51EZH4VxWQqta6DPhCHPBH0P1mbppcbz1K3_8b5g5VpcGGyyfVJvSPq8QAR89B3B1bHIgu4qozP85Yw8Lg1u6xln3BUsYAD690n7Uc2iKcvyLOKaWg8lo2VeZ0Zb188IdzqL5pZmjVnb9DdpA0wNhzI_p6xt.QCXtGxdOmDguQ9tm0H2C9P405.wVe.UqsU2Da3LE172wpoBHWQKj5UDSQ5Sw4mWTcsKDfqlhNI00s88At4HnY4bj921awtnpIkx9apu9hV_AUhf6kMw_rdUiRldnr734BMEjOG8iBZPqq9_LHW0wNVAM7IeHv3slo9jz3tO42yqmF8Op.BCcgJEzlmYn6HqYpqm0wOjLOF.0EI1kgR8a30YibCitz9V6jNj.F1aNdXsz6gQAqra4FvJ_Yl97sVTDp0MRlqbagputMReGgHKBo3CiNRQJSBYFr73.kknq6NuqRAGdpwMCrydGjof2rgBgWHkbzrk0F40SV6IRAkSX8TxtfdVAhC.DfcUvrH1B1MFtPdEqsbEZsU7JVe95tWNTr6euGp1AD7Ag9lYtQw3ZPNG37QHSYq6P8oUcRMYZiOxd2o5KVwA_wBj.UPKW18DCshVb9Y36KGsMAe0JNqSiBDnTqtw4cff409t8k29ZIQXFu6VN.BApO3YzJ3fwB05BaRwnf2.5lLqCg6hL5ZTF0oAkLs5z.3T67nRmdjc7RBz1D3OhwjuEaJIrfyyVz_HuSpIZPs461Mi5m4.fPEfkZ9XnQTg16yEo1WZrYpBYYGUQ3zeP4MPRYAJMNbmkD56WEerS1WKdTLwvCZF7Xp6c3rjiTcRP531B1QGbPGBTwrRQ_dBY7vZA0FrQLRSBP9ksIjPGj6nZo4ty1kN7arUi9Yiwl4Q0O6hUQEzSBkleFxLQ9Q6ey71T6P5TCe7LXIaKQsV2nHIuBIfIiJ7NJJCa.OAYlkEAiuTrPHypA_K__aR_zeEUGvZPbfsLEIAahZcBnEjCOW33uLASRcFmsve8GtqTsxsjSLAY.6cngCJ8ib4Zfh8ZYMhlidiOArseiZHMVJtURr6bfnIvXpPsirTdMCQgL8bG9uxpfx_dkQ8RycwC4wejzqC9X5WcPGNdQQ.K4PFl7ypCDrUeFm_zsdXZqfzXjpxoDRkcsApKKmHccAU3ZPY2Vko0L649ePdNZZPko4qXB8yVva_qQwmtDF61GpAGz4sD17A9W5G88flosGkXpKIVPGU9MQxLQ8sFFcdU059xWQn5Two0X2CvhWFaxgTByr4EjiVR0nHs1PGzXmigTp9xm.2Td4M79TsihaKJ998VhCdMc8ONnFFAtTn.I1.IkNqnh151j9o_axFPz3PIMhXUmxBgPyMsGWUVWo33SjfvbSy20s5T2sbHfyFfTUphwHEuG0ulOPqu5.Gp1H7isfqvTfhkrXJmZPc1eopaMH6SttDtwUx8rzb7q4lDGydAKcCRn6_bmx7fhEPka7vRYCVo8IL32lg40b0oYyigm2Mq7lqgC7ZoYTfod9ClTZNm_Qp52PaayGmp5esWVPD2EWN_2d_2r3Esj4PpVMZBeHLt0RkmyYoXjL3pUCpvlDBkZZPpYefmXyJBYKc7oj8IN8JEMCC9T3K6nt7IiISLfELqY.h29VsR0ZYdOEW9kqEpEr4UIS7V9XLNioImss5kIT1UsdJ8uoEIrcaPQRJvMxK6mrwZVyS9ExousilSelzk4LkSx1qrCwDQc4x1waFxCFRyuA7m9WJzPld4f2yM.rMfVbp8ITTMq0xIFEsduovPLjuhaeuyRaXdqJgBANF_Fb_6Ud3dByYt93radZB7mFQM9pyZDrV3Y5IwJRbTMZkb1ZPhsDlLAUZp57I8G7xaINAUUeKPE_xnM9KAsLl4XSYxzuR.Ps8KG1sZkOdh.9Ts1onwaXdf.oRwVRx3k97m_EJS26KLQSroJt2ZkrIRK.QlBuw1DUSfJU9pahq2_2.rFOq3ngQP84QPd0C6x0FhGQi3cReeVDRI_CDmfdHJEzWcX2DfkcH1SUvHXLpUBbaKg4cuhr8fZloMoW_7kCDTgRrZ4PublfN8plR4WgMh6S41L.igY6Q94pSZZcLrrspqoZL9rFsWjz_9HN31lJ5fPqovRYEW51A1TNk9vCrd4rMlfWXEip83.5RwadLH.TNCCC5e0Ea3M45FxJ_aO6l9CNu3BMDnBO5PMpDwhb3F99VzWvjGrznEMkRfozUoDAQCeZc138yMDuKUbZ0anzG7F1.frOKKqwedc3x5_4sS0.Pj1LPxvNwiBxVPgxHoCNiMKvvi.HlSXFXJbRkdEcAfgDtUK3T8g3DOkYOlMJHgzr9d1SmuEmsKmgJkMsaoLPHRQGssDmm.Nm6e17HB3nG8ZGhew9cI66q4afPc_OcBoP0nxIHxmuWO.cv670hBw.NklfY2erFK6RjoTnby0Ri.fmp92h34sb7y2gdR8bf9CpeFbiMKHQZVcM1XCDMBxJc7OT4Ktk3PcE9YhAXwT7xD6EkcA3IaiTCOjTZU.MDTS1ANlbA6jhhsZUxfg20n8WL_Y4bcskjTqSL89FcBsITzxsLtiOtbcSmRuoTqFSrd.rHpL6eGQnIMPpPG5JoBbhGxiiNxBOQu6fi2rJgXMkkXdYPRuoGu.lqBCxau.V3MD2RdpFB_Qm_HoJJgJ0P47MgFpNj1tviQqIR5aVhM7wXn8d8ylLyA01SgyQXpPdXDwp9vUs1JQhaMinLBcPJ8CSxVlLE1cRiDosvtKHnVX7LEcZKwMSROxAs23vSFvDsq_xf.pSAegELl2HR3kMQPotv1GEIA.hPAMLd0fW86UksVFcLMWtjsTbktIG_s1BWf5bYMQyEQvsmRpJ1fAVv4rVliKqtlMUy5KdDVDSnwLJ8dAy6efql94gna7kOw2O_3IFNBBykR9kErkMATATrfJ5ak_jNjJP3MnBwToPV4zQ",mdrd: "5A9AqzV3vxLD1.kAXhP00T510fpM6VY0eUK2E1wvfjc-1733282973-1.2.1.1-sS1wfHU0gkaEVdSJZnQK7U9nXcVhZ34J2x09LXk6gdxpf7V2H1PufHeJBQSU9QXIUsBv8JFUKOfbtarUKAv4.2Tk2d7Cf2Q9U6_hoYmQvgTWbWhuYaeElMmUKzhvLW8iY3Oq9T8OpqY1bWii09408vTQ.BprBa65avKlGrBzB2bMS8x2AD6NYO1Qcr8fKVxlTmxnWJ9flJQkUiuuwR6lxjUgXIFXGIB70.ZeYit40hCDmYagZ_10eRC6T0qxheezJVf5fUFI.ce.4gqT4m8X_yT2rRS.jRF1jAFWtty7Si86fYWvBxJnGRAbDM4l9yYyd.3gcsTNDXrVy5blQmFovYDH1qyEuqNlZtBuhTpxwm6alCK54WnSAh3PK7hj1DQHq9jylNCMqs0abfzr47x0VLXskEhNhk2ThhXgxRZ6xq6MCHSNsEOHVebV6kgh7mSexe78cpoAtM3MyusRzfa7x7VuJ3BZkXTuwfR07wMLHEpXNtxJ0ot8UtHxusirh6kFmPRcnxwh1yzcf4bnW7s13qwVKeoQ4DvZjtp8zsEoHHZcbDlMzsVjxQXgjYPXXcAbU8J25DpX59f93IGN0hVWoz2wpSid8H1gvK2.WH2NdB_JTirOSJWnmFybrYgV6f2T7Kr6QBEIbJ2iQkRNrfWjuiDpvmbzA8ua7DcoOUKOEPdsdZWz8tC_h5VRzVzB2euJ5IC2W5wSglSRLnpDZXdiPxPaqhT2w6lkkJv3.L_PzOx5ahYWiGOzP4Lp11VRXsG3iqUiyB.IDK_usrM_Cl0ngKD5Dm8.Q1ebmoaPXTm4YBrZgcUWsl4vDFeDlMFrr7.ECTyK4ZKaX9M6Djvv.n0xJNhV3UbtdDPeREu.zWS8xDjY4UFcifY2erNDyg0cMFo0gNMv5pF2qQeMNK1bBUpHqsZLwf3uk2RWmC5EpvLsxkoa3USE4e4.xoqK8wKKfKfeBMRDKDku.gDYBAfCRLWp17pyDOsFhwbpcjyJKlLjFSGL0VOr8DLZ48bCtMEJiOIHMA5SW5eDylgH0EIsfkUL3W6tjGzsB_NcOW2iFWNfbMtsUaUiEdTVYdq4C0SzDm8M9KZcIbiRc7ZezQLe.LcR6Dl.mNuUyCOmirl4xZaKPXXOotqj7J3bu2tpzzb0QnnETb8ufbC_APCon3YiEv0Krm6F5S5HWXG3Jv1FxEkGWRk_Tobf32_ZVNIi4SVckUkvnLll7eceKW.5ry248g3S35eASzOx7jWJGa26xBxGMMtXDjR_CBJi8HEdMFwZMDOHOtssPDS1nt6couQJlU_Bd_eSgsOSW5S9VFK7_s3Ae4zp9DyugQQgUpcq4dnu8v3.swJOWzCrZf_6kPBJWr.C2Ufr6j4qeUxAO0Z6IE50WS3s1h46Dk0cIFYkqVCDkLvPyx7f16nOtiDwirqCe_Q2_OP5AIVGcFFD20Wkx0QBIIcBUyl1CSkkSLixVqzkiM1Yk1iYLgS7m9ebMqKmsbIafRK2ihrB1CTksJUy482rj21VDOcWlFkUH5CTwpCRNRhGlbbnfcbCHKiLKuz2KIdZ5R4uAYm1AMeCfzk375YocDfSWbX1qvbOr0lGK6Nrrpa4eWtqWl2VdN1bi6mMWMR.ljwdly0zr.UhMVN6Va_0m4p02ubVS.xQXHNY3JfaDjtu4ItUEdUDoNdZ20cspX2U8BgeNuNLB9Ff_zpWR1XhMG.70faoZyvXmNXvl1bEhi_7EP1x3hnbA3sPuvimUCxRAm0dOVxKSNOXge_CknnbLperQoDoylqa5jGacsvF5CJSnwPf.QxfzvKnlaFBoAkY8Z85tKYnH1hUl5BHgn.V2vq_16gHWCWcsvaW9cW28TIdHTGjmCUKsWzB1DduJDN7ANStGmHv3rXgOdmx1O8I.pza8cI0I4HbPSm2gCy_QhV2azSG2OGhh898EbGnfxi3sJ79JXoqhzECSY6UjJPmxnTh2wolJtsSrYyscZEZx2jO"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8ec8b67a39375f3f';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/journals\/mse\/guidelines\/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=i6dBF7wT5e78cbRM.IadoN8ClQoBXfNnvEo9.zOIYDU-1733282973-1.0.1.1-xp6MKCxFRK4e7982zOmiiweFKOUX.fk4sx0c0rW9.zs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>