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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Beers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Wines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fortified_wines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fortified_wines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Fortified wines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fortified_wines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spirits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spirits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Spirits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spirits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mixed_spirits_and_alcopops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mixed_spirits_and_alcopops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Mixed spirits and alcopops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mixed_spirits_and_alcopops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recommended_maximum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recommended_maximum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Recommended maximum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recommended_maximum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relation_to_blood_alcohol_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_to_blood_alcohol_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Relation to blood alcohol content</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_to_blood_alcohol_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Labeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genstand_(alkohol)" title="Genstand (alkohol) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Genstand (alkohol)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardglas_(Alkoholgehalt)" title="Standardglas (Alkoholgehalt) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Standardglas (Alkoholgehalt)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidades_de_alcohol" title="Unidades de alcohol – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Unidades de alcohol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="نوشیدنی استاندارد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوشیدنی استاندارد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_d%27alcool" title="Unité d'alcool – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Unité d'alcool" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_alcolica" title="Unità alcolica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Unità alcolica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standaardglas" title="Standaardglas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Standaardglas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoholenhet" title="Alkoholenhet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alkoholenhet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardowa_dawka_alkoholu" title="Standardowa dawka alkoholu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Standardowa dawka alkoholu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidade_de_bebida_padr%C3%A3o" title="Unidade de bebida padrão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Unidade de bebida padrão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E" title="Стандартна доза алкоголю – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стандартна доза алкоголю" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D" title="酒精單位 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="酒精單位" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D" title="酒精標準單位 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="酒精標準單位" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1899871#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/NIH_standard_drink_comparison.jpg/400px-NIH_standard_drink_comparison.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/NIH_standard_drink_comparison.jpg/600px-NIH_standard_drink_comparison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/NIH_standard_drink_comparison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption>United States standard drinks of <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malt_liquor" title="Malt liquor">malt liquor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Distilled_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilled beverage">spirits</a> compared. Each contains about 14 grams or 17.7 ml of ethanol.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>standard drink</b> or (in the UK) <b>unit of alcohol</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Measurement" title="Measurement">measure</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a> consumption representing a fixed amount of <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">pure alcohol</a>. The notion is used in relation to recommendations about alcohol consumption and its relative risks to health. It helps to educate alcohol users.<sup id="cite_ref-ec.europa.eu_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec.europa.eu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcoholic beverage</a> sized to one standard drink varies in <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a> depending on the <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">alcohol concentration</a> of the beverage (for example, a standard drink of <a href="/wiki/Distilled_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilled beverage">spirits</a> takes up much less space than a standard drink of <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a>), but it always contains the same amount of alcohol and therefore produces the same amount of <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication" title="Alcohol intoxication">drunkenness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ec.europa.eu_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec.europa.eu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many government health guidelines specify low to high risk amounts in units of grams of pure alcohol per day, week, or single occasion. These government guidelines often illustrate these amounts as standard drinks of various beverages, with their serving sizes indicated. Although used for the same purpose, the definition of a standard drink varies from country to country. </p><p>Labeling beverages with the equivalent number of standard drinks is common in some countries. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions_in_various_countries">Definitions in various countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_drink&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions in various countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Merge_to plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/50px-Merge-arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/75px-Merge-arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/100px-Merge-arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that this article be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a> into <i><a href="/wiki/Draft:Alcohol_and_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Draft:Alcohol and society">Draft:Alcohol and society</a></i>. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Alcohol_(drug)#Proposed_merge:_Definitions_in_various_countries" title="Talk:Alcohol (drug)">Discuss</a>)<small><i> Proposed since November 2024.</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There is no international consensus on how much pure alcohol is contained in a standard drink;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> values in different countries range from 8 to 20 grams (0.28 to 0.71 ounces). The example questionnaire form for the World Health Organization's <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_Use_Disorders_Identification_Test" title="Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test">Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test</a> (AUDIT) uses 10 g (0.35 oz),<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_AUDIT_EN_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_AUDIT_EN-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this definition has been adopted by more countries than any other amount.<sup id="cite_ref-Kalinowski2016_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalinowski2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some countries choose to base the definition on <b>mass</b> of alcohol (in grams) while others base the unit on the <b>volume</b> (in ml or other volume units).<sup id="cite_ref-ec.europa.eu_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec.europa.eu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For comparison, both measurements are shown here, as well as the number of standard drinks contained in 500 millilitres (16.9 US fluid ounces) of 5% ABV beer (a typical large size of beer in Europe, slightly larger than a US <a href="/wiki/Pint" title="Pint">pint</a> of 473 mL). The terminology for the unit also varies, as shown in the Notes column. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Amount of pure alcohol (in grams or millilitres) contained in a standard drink, as defined in different countries. </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Mass<br />(g)</th> <th>Volume<br />(mL)</th> <th>Ratio to WHO AUDIT's example (10 g<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_AUDIT_EN_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_AUDIT_EN-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</th> <th>Is 10 g</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>14</td> <td>17.7</td> <td>1.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kalinowski2016_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalinowski2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kalinowski2016_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalinowski2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>20</td> <td>25.3</td> <td>2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>14</td> <td>17.7</td> <td>1.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kalinowski2016_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalinowski2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CMAH_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMAH-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>13.6 or 13.45 <sup id="cite_ref-canada.ca_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canada.ca-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 13.5<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>17.2 or 17 <sup id="cite_ref-canada.ca_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canada.ca-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1.36 or 1.35</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td>This specific unit is computed based on the oz definition as: <ul><li>12 oz (341 mL) bottle of 5% alcohol beer, cider or cooler</li> <li>1.5 oz (43 mL) shot of 40% hard liquor (vodka, rum, whisky, gin etc.)</li> <li>5 oz (142 mL) glass of 12% wine.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>0.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kalinowski2016_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalinowski2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>12</td> <td>15.2</td> <td>1.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>12</td> <td>15.2</td> <td>1.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kalinowski2016_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalinowski2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kalinowski2016_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalinowski2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kenn_dein_Limit_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kenn_dein_Limit-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>11</td> <td>13.8</td> <td>1.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td><i>Standardglas</i> defined as containing 10–12 g (central value used here) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>0.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a><sup id="cite_ref-hongkongdh_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hongkongdh-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td>17</td> <td>21.5</td> <td>1.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kalinowski2016_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalinowski2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>0.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td><i>áfengiseining</i> defined as 8 g but treated as equivalent to 10 mL </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kalinowski2016_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalinowski2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kalinowski2016_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalinowski2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>12</td> <td>15.2</td> <td>1.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td><i>unità standard</i> defined as 12 g </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a><sup id="cite_ref-WHO_AUDIT_EN_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_AUDIT_EN-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO_AUDIT_JA_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_AUDIT_JA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>19.75</td> <td>25</td> <td>1.98</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td>"unit (<i>tan'i</i>)". <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health,_Labour_and_Welfare" title="Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare">MHLW</a>'s conventional unit, based on 1 <a href="/wiki/G%C5%8D_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gō (unit)">gō (unit)</a> (approx. 180 mL) of <a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">sake</a>. Not any "standard". </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a><sup id="cite_ref-WHO_AUDIT_JA_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_AUDIT_JA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>10 </td> <td>12.7 </td> <td>1 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>"drink (<i>dorinku</i>)". Introduced around 2011 to align with the WHO AUDIT, and to avoid the conventional unit (20 g) of giving a false impression of "minimum amount to drink".<sup id="cite_ref-JA_e-healthnet_unit_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JA_e-healthnet_unit-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes also called "unit (<i>tan'i</i>)".<sup id="cite_ref-JA_UnitConfusion_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JA_UnitConfusion-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Has no implication of being any "standard". </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>12</td> <td>15.2</td> <td>1.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10-12</td> <td>12.7-15.2</td> <td>1-1.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>0.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10-13</td> <td>12.7-16.5</td> <td>1-1.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kalinowski2016_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalinowski2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nzstandard_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nzstandard-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>14.2</td> <td>18</td> <td>1.42</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td> <td>12.8</td> <td>15</td> <td>1.28</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>12</td> <td>15.2</td> <td>1.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kalinowski2016_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalinowski2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kalinowski2016_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalinowski2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>11</td> <td>13.8</td> <td>1.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td>10–12 g (central value used here) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>14</td> <td>17.7</td> <td>1.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>0.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>0.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kalinowski2016_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalinowski2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td>12</td> <td>15.2</td> <td>1.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td><i>standardglas</i> corresponds to 33 cl 5% beer, 13 cl wine, or a drink or shot based on 4 cl 40% liquor<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kalinowski2016_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalinowski2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>12</td> <td>15.2</td> <td>1.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> (ROC)<sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kalinowski2016_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalinowski2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NHS-HowLong_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHS-HowLong-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>0.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td><i>unit of alcohol</i><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> defined as 10 mL but treated as equivalent to 8 g.<sup id="cite_ref-Drinkaware-Unit_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drinkaware-Unit-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-std.drink.us_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-std.drink.us-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kalinowski2016_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalinowski2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>14</td> <td>17.7</td> <td>1.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td><i>standard drink</i> defined as 0.6 <a href="/wiki/Fl_oz" class="mw-redirect" title="Fl oz">fl oz</a> (US) pure ethanol, approximately 14 g </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a><sup id="cite_ref-IARD_5-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IARD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10</td> <td>12.7</td> <td>1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calculation_of_pure_alcohol_mass_in_a_serving">Calculation of pure alcohol mass in a serving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_drink&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Calculation of pure alcohol mass in a serving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Units_of_alcohol_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Units_of_alcohol_chart.svg/250px-Units_of_alcohol_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Units_of_alcohol_chart.svg/375px-Units_of_alcohol_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Units_of_alcohol_chart.svg/500px-Units_of_alcohol_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Chart showing alcohol unit count for drink size and ABV</figcaption></figure> <p>In the UK, it is sometimes misleadingly stated that there is one unit per half-pint of beer, or small glass of wine, or single measure of spirits. However, such statements do not take into account the various strengths and volumes supplied in practice.<sup id="cite_ref-bmj.com_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmj.com-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such approximations can lead to people underestimating their alcohol intake.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some countries, the number of units of alcohol in a beverage can instead be read directly on the label.<sup id="cite_ref-oz_labelling_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oz_labelling-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In countries without labeling, it is possible to calculate the pure alcohol mass in a serving from the concentration, <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a> of alcohol, and volume: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\text{Pure alcohol mass}}={\text{volume}}\times {\text{alcohol by volume}}\times {\text{density of alcohol}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Pure alcohol mass</mtext> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>volume</mtext> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>alcohol by volume</mtext> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>density of alcohol</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\text{Pure alcohol mass}}={\text{volume}}\times {\text{alcohol by volume}}\times {\text{density of alcohol}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af506908e7bcc5b802e1d6a165fe662054a95a1d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:69.633ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\text{Pure alcohol mass}}={\text{volume}}\times {\text{alcohol by volume}}\times {\text{density of alcohol}}}"></span> </p><p>For example, a 350 ml (12 US fl oz) glass of beer with an ABV of 5.5% contains 19.25 ml of pure alcohol, which has a density of 0.78945 g/mL (at 20 °C),<sup id="cite_ref-Haynes.William_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haynes.William-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and therefore a mass of 15.20 grams (0.536 oz). <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 350\,\mathrm {mL} \times 0.055\times 0.78945\,\mathrm {g} /\mathrm {mL} \approx 15.20\,\mathrm {g} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>350</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mn>0.055</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>0.78945</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> </mrow> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>15.20</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 350\,\mathrm {mL} \times 0.055\times 0.78945\,\mathrm {g} /\mathrm {mL} \approx 15.20\,\mathrm {g} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d9947a32d95ed76f3718f27959c89e63a86e7266" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:41.908ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 350\,\mathrm {mL} \times 0.055\times 0.78945\,\mathrm {g} /\mathrm {mL} \approx 15.20\,\mathrm {g} }"></span> or <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 0.35\,\mathrm {L} \times 0.055\times 789.45\,\mathrm {g} /\mathrm {L} \approx 15.20\,\mathrm {g} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>0.35</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mn>0.055</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>789.45</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> </mrow> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>15.20</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 0.35\,\mathrm {L} \times 0.055\times 789.45\,\mathrm {g} /\mathrm {L} \approx 15.20\,\mathrm {g} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/104bb33b68f77daa95b33d0b4d283c6aaf30dcc3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:37.52ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 0.35\,\mathrm {L} \times 0.055\times 789.45\,\mathrm {g} /\mathrm {L} \approx 15.20\,\mathrm {g} }"></span> </p><p>The standard UK units of alcohol in a drink can be determined by multiplying <var>the volume of the drink (in millilitres)</var> by its <var>percentage <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">ABV</a></var>, and dividing by 1000. For example, one imperial pint (570 ml) of beer at 4% <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">alcohol by volume</a> (ABV) contains: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}568{\mbox{ ml}}\times 4\%\times {\frac {1{\mbox{ unit}}}{10{\mbox{ ml}}}}&&=&&568{\mbox{ ml}}\times {\frac {4}{100}}\times {\frac {1{\mbox{ unit}}}{10{\mbox{ ml}}}}&&=&&568{\mbox{ ml}}\times {\frac {4{\mbox{ units}}}{1000{\mbox{ ml}}}}&=2.3{\mbox{ units}}\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>568</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> ml</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">%</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> unit</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> ml</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd /> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd /> <mtd> <mn>568</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> ml</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>4</mn> <mn>100</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> unit</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> ml</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd /> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd /> <mtd> <mn>568</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> ml</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> units</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1000</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> ml</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2.3</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> units</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}568{\mbox{ ml}}\times 4\%\times {\frac {1{\mbox{ unit}}}{10{\mbox{ ml}}}}&&=&&568{\mbox{ ml}}\times {\frac {4}{100}}\times {\frac {1{\mbox{ unit}}}{10{\mbox{ ml}}}}&&=&&568{\mbox{ ml}}\times {\frac {4{\mbox{ units}}}{1000{\mbox{ ml}}}}&=2.3{\mbox{ units}}\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c7f5a90d542e03359cdb73d1671f2a66495ead8e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.85ex; margin-bottom: -0.321ex; width:98.309ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}568{\mbox{ ml}}\times 4\%\times {\frac {1{\mbox{ unit}}}{10{\mbox{ ml}}}}&&=&&568{\mbox{ ml}}\times {\frac {4}{100}}\times {\frac {1{\mbox{ unit}}}{10{\mbox{ ml}}}}&&=&&568{\mbox{ ml}}\times {\frac {4{\mbox{ units}}}{1000{\mbox{ ml}}}}&=2.3{\mbox{ units}}\end{aligned}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>The formula uses <span class="texhtml"><var>ml ÷ 1000</var></span>. This results in exactly one unit per percentage point per litre, of any alcoholic beverage. </p><p>The formula can be simplified for everyday use by expressing the serving size in <a href="/wiki/Centilitre" class="mw-redirect" title="Centilitre">centilitres</a> and the alcohol content literally as a <a href="/wiki/Percentage" title="Percentage">percentage</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}75{\mbox{ cl}}\times 12\%\times {\frac {1{\mbox{ unit}}}{1{\mbox{ cl}}}}&&=&&75{\mbox{ cl}}\times {\frac {12}{100}}\times {\frac {1{\mbox{ unit}}}{1{\mbox{ cl}}}}&&=&&75\times {\frac {12}{100}}{\mbox{ units}}&=9{\mbox{ units}}\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>75</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> cl</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mn>12</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">%</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> unit</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> cl</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd /> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd /> <mtd> <mn>75</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> cl</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>12</mn> <mn>100</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> unit</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> cl</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd /> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd /> <mtd> <mn>75</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>12</mn> <mn>100</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> units</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>9</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> units</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}75{\mbox{ cl}}\times 12\%\times {\frac {1{\mbox{ unit}}}{1{\mbox{ cl}}}}&&=&&75{\mbox{ cl}}\times {\frac {12}{100}}\times {\frac {1{\mbox{ unit}}}{1{\mbox{ cl}}}}&&=&&75\times {\frac {12}{100}}{\mbox{ units}}&=9{\mbox{ units}}\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c1a3439a20dbcbb690827c5780728583bfb854d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.829ex; margin-bottom: -0.176ex; width:90.512ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}75{\mbox{ cl}}\times 12\%\times {\frac {1{\mbox{ unit}}}{1{\mbox{ cl}}}}&&=&&75{\mbox{ cl}}\times {\frac {12}{100}}\times {\frac {1{\mbox{ unit}}}{1{\mbox{ cl}}}}&&=&&75\times {\frac {12}{100}}{\mbox{ units}}&=9{\mbox{ units}}\end{aligned}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Thus, a 750 millilitres (25 US fl oz) bottle of wine at 12% ABV contains 75 cl × 12% = 9 units. Alternatively, the serving size in litres multiplied by the alcohol content as a number, the above example giving 0.75 × 12 = 9 units: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}0.75{\mbox{ l}}\times 12\%\times {\frac {100{\mbox{ units}}}{1{\mbox{ l}}}}&&=&&0.75{\mbox{ l}}\times {\frac {12}{100}}\times {\frac {100{\mbox{ units}}}{1{\mbox{ l}}}}&&=&&0.75\times 12{\mbox{ units}}&=9{\mbox{ units}}\end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0.75</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> l</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mn>12</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">%</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>100</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> units</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> l</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd /> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd /> <mtd> <mn>0.75</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> l</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>12</mn> <mn>100</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>100</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> units</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> l</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd /> <mtd> <mo>=</mo> </mtd> <mtd /> <mtd> <mn>0.75</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>12</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> units</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>9</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> units</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}0.75{\mbox{ l}}\times 12\%\times {\frac {100{\mbox{ units}}}{1{\mbox{ l}}}}&&=&&0.75{\mbox{ l}}\times {\frac {12}{100}}\times {\frac {100{\mbox{ units}}}{1{\mbox{ l}}}}&&=&&0.75\times 12{\mbox{ units}}&=9{\mbox{ units}}\end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/70d988b9ab753d09a3411037cc86f811b6f7db7f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.815ex; margin-bottom: -0.19ex; width:98.359ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}0.75{\mbox{ l}}\times 12\%\times {\frac {100{\mbox{ units}}}{1{\mbox{ l}}}}&&=&&0.75{\mbox{ l}}\times {\frac {12}{100}}\times {\frac {100{\mbox{ units}}}{1{\mbox{ l}}}}&&=&&0.75\times 12{\mbox{ units}}&=9{\mbox{ units}}\end{aligned}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>In the UK, both pieces of input data are usually mentioned in this form on the bottle, so are easy to retrieve. </p><p>When drink size is in fluid ounces (which differ between the UK and the US), the following conversions can be used: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Volume of fl. oz. (mL)</th> <th>Mass of fl. oz. of alcohol (g) </th></tr> <tr> <td>UK</td> <td>28.41</td> <td>22.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td>US</td> <td>29.57</td> <td>23.34 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>One should bear in mind that a pint in the UK is 20 imperial fluid ounces, whereas a pint in the US is 16 US fluid ounces. However, as 1 imperial fl. oz. ≈ 0.961 US fl. oz., this means 1 imperial pint ≈ 1.201 US pints (i.e. 0.961 × <i>20/16</i>) instead of 1.25 US pints. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference_standard_drinks">Reference standard drinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_drink&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reference standard drinks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A standard drink is often different from a normal serving in the country in which it is served.<sup id="cite_ref-Mongan_&_Long_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mongan_&_Long-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in the United States, a standard drink is defined as 0.6 US fluid ounces (18 ml) of ethanol per serving, which is about 14 grams of alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-std.drink.us_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-std.drink.us-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haynes.William_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haynes.William-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This corresponds to a 12-US-fluid-ounce (350 ml) can of 5% beer, a 5-US-fluid-ounce (150 ml) glass of 12% <a href="/wiki/ABV" class="mw-redirect" title="ABV">ABV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">alcohol by volume</a>) wine, or a 1.5-US-fluid-ounce (44 ml) so-called "shot" of spirit,<sup id="cite_ref-std.drink.us_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-std.drink.us-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> assuming that beer is 5% <a href="/wiki/ABV" class="mw-redirect" title="ABV">ABV</a>, wine is 12% ABV, and spirits is 40% ABV (80 proof). Most wine today is higher than 12% ABV (the average ABV in Napa Valley in 1971 was 12.5% <sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), hence will be more than a standard drink. Similarly, although 40% ABV is standard for spirits, the amount of spirit in a mixed drink varies widely. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beers">Beers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_drink&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Beers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Half an imperial pint <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>280 ml of <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> with 3.5% ABV contains almost exactly one UK unit; however, most beers are stronger. In pubs in the United Kingdom, beers generally range from 3.5 to 5.5% ABV, and continental lagers start at around 4% ABV. An imperial pint 570 ml of such lager (at 5.2% ABV) contains almost 3 units of alcohol<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rather than the oft-quoted 2 units.</li> <li>Stronger beer (6–12%) may contain 2 UK units or more per imperial half pint.</li> <li>A half-litre (500 ml) of standard <a href="/wiki/Lager" title="Lager">lager</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">ale</a> (5%) contains 2.5 UK units.</li> <li>One litre (1000 ml) of typical <a href="/wiki/Oktoberfest" title="Oktoberfest">Oktoberfest</a> beer (5.5–6%) contains 5.5–6 UK units of alcohol.</li> <li>A beer bottle is typically between 333 and 355 ml (11.3 and 12.0 US fl oz), approximately 1.7 UK units at 5%.</li> <li>375 ml (12.7 US fl oz) can of light beer (2.7% alcohol) = 0.8 Australian standard drinks</li> <li>375 ml (12.7 US fl oz) can of mid-strength beer (3.5% alcohol) = 1 Australian standard drink</li> <li>375 ml (12.7 US fl oz) can of full strength beer (4.8% alcohol) = 1.4 Australian standard drinks</li> <li>12 US fl oz (350 ml) of 5% ABV beer = 1 US standard drink</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wines">Wines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_drink&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Wine_Glass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/Red_Wine_Glass.jpg/170px-Red_Wine_Glass.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/Red_Wine_Glass.jpg/255px-Red_Wine_Glass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/Red_Wine_Glass.jpg/340px-Red_Wine_Glass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>A <i>large</i> (250 ml) glass of 12% ABV red wine has about three UK units of alcohol. A <i>medium</i> (175 ml) glass has about two UK units.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>A "medium" glass (175 ml (5.9 US fl oz) of 12% ABV <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> contains around 2.1 units of alcohol. However, British pubs and restaurants often supply larger quantities (large glass ≈ 250 ml (8.5 US fl oz)), which contain 3 units. Red wines often have a higher alcohol content (on average 12.5%, sometimes up to 16%). Even though the sizes of wine glasses are defined in UK law, the terms <i>large</i>, <i>medium</i>, <i>standard</i>, etc. are not defined in law.</li> <li>Wine sold by the glass is often served in nearly full glasses. Wine served at home, or when bought by the bottle in, say, a restaurant, is usually served in glasses less than half filled; the capacity of a wine glass is not the only criterion for judging quantity.</li> <li>A 750 ml (25 US fl oz) bottle of 12% ABV wine contains 9 units; 16% ABV wine contains 12 units; a <a href="/wiki/Fortified_wine" title="Fortified wine">fortified wine</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Port_wine" title="Port wine">port</a> at 20% ABV contains 15 units.</li> <li>100 ml (3.4 US fl oz) glass of wine (13.5% alcohol) = 1 Australian standard drink</li> <li>150 ml (5.1 US fl oz) glass of wine (13.5% alcohol) = 1.5 Australian standard drinks</li> <li>One 5 US fl oz (150 ml) glass of 12% ABV table wine is one US standard drink.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fortified_wines">Fortified wines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_drink&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fortified wines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A small glass (50 ml (1.7 US fl oz)) of <a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">sherry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortified_wine" title="Fortified wine">fortified wine</a>, or cream liqueur (≈20% ABV) contains about one unit.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spirits">Spirits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_drink&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Spirits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most <a href="/wiki/Distilled_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilled beverage">spirits</a> sold in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> have 35%-40% ABV. In England, a single pub measure (25 ml (0.85 US fl oz)) of a spirit contains one unit. However, a larger 35 ml (1.2 US fl oz) measure is increasingly used (and in particular is standard in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), which contains 1.4 units of alcohol at 40% ABV. Sellers of spirits by the glass must state the capacity of their standard measure in ml. </p><p>In Australia, a 30 ml (1.0 US fl oz) shot of spirits (40% ABV) is 0.95 standard drinks. </p><p>In the US, one shot of 80 proof liquor is 1.5 US fl oz (44 ml), which is one US standard drink. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mixed_spirits_and_alcopops">Mixed spirits and alcopops</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_drink&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mixed spirits and alcopops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>440 ml (15 US fl oz) can of pre-mix spirits (approx. 5% alcohol) = 1.7 Australian standard drinks</li> <li>440 ml (15 US fl oz) can pre-mix spirits (approx. 7% alcohol) = 2.4 Australian standard drinks</li> <li>According to Alcohol and You Northern Ireland resource website, "Most <a href="/wiki/Alcopops" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcopops">alcopops</a> contain 1.1–1.5 units per bottle. For example, a normal 275 ml (9.3 US fl oz) bottle of <a href="/wiki/WKD_Original_Vodka" title="WKD Original Vodka">WKD</a> contains 1.1 units, whereas <a href="/wiki/Bacardi_Breezer" title="Bacardi Breezer">Bacardi Breezer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smirnoff_Ice" class="mw-redirect" title="Smirnoff Ice">Smirnoff Ice</a> both contain 1.5 units of alcohol."<sup id="cite_ref-%_volume_of_wkd_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-%_volume_of_wkd-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recommended_maximum">Recommended maximum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_drink&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Recommended maximum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_recommendations" title="Alcohol consumption recommendations">Alcohol consumption recommendations</a></div> <p>From 1992 to 1995, the UK government advised that men should drink no more than 21 units per week, and women no more than 14.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The difference between the sexes was due to the typically lower weight and water-to-body-mass ratio of women).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> claimed in October 2007 that these limits had been "plucked out of the air" and had no scientific basis.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This was changed after a government study showed that many people were in effect "saving up" their units and using them at the end of the week,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a form of <a href="/wiki/Binge_drinking" title="Binge drinking">binge drinking</a>. Since 1995 the advice was that regular consumption of 3–4 units a day for men, or 2–3 units a day for women, would not pose significant health risks, but that consistently drinking four or more units a day (men), or three or more units a day (women), is not advisable.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An international study<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of about 6,000 men and 11,000 women for a total of 75,000 person-years found that people who reported that they drank more than a threshold value of 2 units of alcohol a day had a higher risk of fractures than non-drinkers. For example, those who drank over 3 units a day had nearly twice the risk of a hip fracture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relation_to_blood_alcohol_content">Relation to blood alcohol content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_drink&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Relation to blood alcohol content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Blood_alcohol_content" title="Blood alcohol content">Blood alcohol content</a></div> <p>As a rough guide, it takes about one hour for the body to <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolise</a> (break down) one UK unit of alcohol, 10 ml (8 grams). However, this will vary with body weight, sex, age, personal metabolic rate, recent food intake, the type and strength of the alcohol, and medications taken. Alcohol may be metabolised more slowly if <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> function is impaired.<sup id="cite_ref-NHS-HowLong_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHS-HowLong-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For other countries, it may be easiest to convert to UK units. For example, in the United States one standard drink contains 14 grams ≈ 1.75 units of alcohol, and so a US standard drink takes the body about an hour and three-quarters to process. Blood alcohol content can more accurately be estimated by using Widmark's formula.<sup id="cite_ref-Ed_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ed-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labeling">Labeling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_drink&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Labeling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Example_UK_Wine_Label.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/50/Example_UK_Wine_Label.jpg/220px-Example_UK_Wine_Label.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/50/Example_UK_Wine_Label.jpg/330px-Example_UK_Wine_Label.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/50/Example_UK_Wine_Label.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Example of Wine Bottle label in accordance with UK voluntary health labelling scheme</figcaption></figure> <p>Australia introduced standard drink labelling in the 1990s,<sup id="cite_ref-VisibleLabels_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VisibleLabels-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and New Zealand followed with a labelling requirement starting in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The labels were criticized for being too small to read. A focus group study found that most student drinkers used the labels to choose stronger drinks and identify the cheapest method of getting drunk, rather than to drink safely.<sup id="cite_ref-VisibleLabels_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VisibleLabels-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the UK in March 2011, alcohol companies voluntarily pledged to the UK Department of Health to implement a health labelling scheme to provide more information about responsible drinking on alcohol labels and containers. The pledge stated:<sup id="cite_ref-DoH_Pledge_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoH_Pledge-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>"We will ensure that over 80% of products on shelf (by December 2013) will have labels with clear unit content, NHS guidelines and a warning about drinking when pregnant."</i></dd></dl> <p>At the end of 2014, 101 companies had committed to the pledge labelling scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-DoH_Pledge_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoH_Pledge-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are five elements included within the overall labelling scheme, the first three being mandatory, and the last two optional: </p> <ol><li>Unit alcohol content per container <i>(mandatory)</i>, and per serving <i>(optional)</i>. Typical servings deliver 1–3 units of alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-toomuch_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toomuch-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Medical_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Medical Officer">Chief Medical Officer</a>'s daily guidelines for lower-risk consumption</li> <li>Pregnancy warning (in text or as a graphic)</li> <li>Mention of "drinkaware.co.uk" <i>(optional)</i></li> <li>Responsibility statement (e.g., "please drink responsibly") <i>(optional)</i></li></ol> <dl><dd><i>Further detailed specifications about the labelling scheme are available from the "Alcohol labelling tool kit".</i><sup id="cite_ref-Health_Labelling_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Health_Labelling-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Drinks companies had pledged to display the three mandatory items on 80% of drinks containers on shelves in the UK off-trade by the end of December 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Health_Labelling_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Health_Labelling-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A report published in November 2014, confirmed that UK drinks producers had delivered on that pledge with a 79.3% compliance with the pledge elements as measured by products on shelf. Compared with labels from 2008 on a like-for-like basis, information on Unit alcohol content had increased by 46%; 91% of products displayed alcohol and pregnancy warnings (18% in 2008); and 75% showed the Chief Medical Officers' lower risk daily guidelines (6% in 2008).<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Studies published in 2021 in the UK showed that the label could be further enhanced by including pictures of units and a statement of the drinking guidelines - this would help people understand the recommended limits better.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_drink&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flessen_drank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/32px-Flessen_drank.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/48px-Flessen_drank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/64px-Flessen_drank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liquor" title="Portal:Liquor">Liquor portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/16px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/24px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/33px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="408" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Drink" title="Portal:Drink">Drink portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_spirits_measure" title="Alcoholic spirits measure">Alcoholic spirits measure</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_drink&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The term "standard drink" was used in the United Kingdom in the first guidelines (1984) that published "safe limits" for drinking, but this was replaced by reference to units of alcohol in the 1987 guidelines and that term has been used in all subsequent UK guidance.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_drink&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ec.europa.eu-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ec.europa.eu_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ec.europa.eu_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ec.europa.eu_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/health-knowledge-gateway/glossary#Glossarystandarddrink">"Health Promotion Knowledge Gateway"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Health+Promotion+Knowledge+Gateway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fjrc%2Fen%2Fhealth-knowledge-gateway%2Fglossary%23Glossarystandarddrink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFurtwaenglerDe_Visser2013" class="citation journal cs1">Furtwaengler, Nina A. F. F.; De Visser, Richard O. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+MHLW+e-healthnet&rft.atitle=Units+of+alcoholic+drink+%E9%A3%B2%E9%85%92%E9%87%8F%E3%81%AE%E5%8D%98%E4%BD%8D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-healthnet.mhlw.go.jp%2Finformation%2Falcohol%2Fa-02-001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JA_UnitConfusion-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JA_UnitConfusion_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMHLW" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">MHLW. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.niph.go.jp/soshiki/jinzai/koroshoshiryo/tokutei23/keikaku/program/K4-4.pdf">"tips on alcohol use control consultation – Core-AUDIT" <bdi lang="ja">アルコール指導のポイント Core-AUDITの章</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Japan National Institute of Public Health</i> (in Japanese). p. 48<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+National+Institute+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=tips+on+alcohol+use+control+consultation+%E2%80%93+Core-AUDIT+%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E6%8C%87%E5%B0%8E%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9D%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88+Core-AUDIT%E3%81%AE%E7%AB%A0&rft.pages=48&rft.au=MHLW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niph.go.jp%2Fsoshiki%2Fjinzai%2Fkoroshoshiryo%2Ftokutei23%2Fkeikaku%2Fprogram%2FK4-4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzfsa.govt.nz/consumers/food-safety-topics/food-processing-labelling/food-labelling/fact-sheets/fs-2003-04-alcohol-labelling.htm">New Zealand Food Safety Authority</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080704103437/http://www.nzfsa.govt.nz/consumers/food-safety-topics/food-processing-labelling/food-labelling/fact-sheets/fs-2003-04-alcohol-labelling.htm">Archived</a> 2008-07-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nzstandard-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nzstandard_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand (ALAC) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alac.org.nz/WhatsInAStandardDrink.aspx">What's in a Standard Drink</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkoholhjalpen.se/standardglas">"Vad är ett standardglas alkohol? | alkoholhjälpen.se"</a>. <i>alkoholhjalpen.se</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alkoholhjalpen.se&rft.atitle=Vad+%C3%A4r+ett+standardglas+alkohol%3F+%26%23124%3B+alkoholhj%C3%A4lpen.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falkoholhjalpen.se%2Fstandardglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">PRODIGY Knowledge (Department of Health) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prodigy.nhs.uk/patient_information/pils/alcohol_and_sensible_drinking.pdf">Alcohol and Sensible Drinking</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060925004920/http://www.prodigy.nhs.uk/patient_information/pils/alcohol_and_sensible_drinking.pdf">Archived</a> 2006-09-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NHS-HowLong-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NHS-HowLong_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NHS-HowLong_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/853.aspx?CategoryID=87">"How long does alcohol stay in your blood?"</a>. <i>NHS Choices</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NHS+Choices&rft.atitle=How+long+does+alcohol+stay+in+your+blood%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhs.uk%2Fchq%2FPages%2F853.aspx%3FCategoryID%3D87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmsctech/1536/1536.pdf">"Alcohol guidelines, Eleventh Report of Session 2010–12"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>UK Parliament</i>. House of Commons, Science and Technology Committee. 7 December 2011. p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Parliament&rft.atitle=Alcohol+guidelines%2C+Eleventh+Report+of+Session+2010%E2%80%9312&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2011-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm201012%2Fcmselect%2Fcmsctech%2F1536%2F1536.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drinkaware-Unit-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Drinkaware-Unit_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/what-is-alcohol/what-is-an-alcohol-unit/">"What is an alcohol unit? | Drinkaware"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+an+alcohol+unit%3F+%26%23124%3B+Drinkaware&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drinkaware.co.uk%2Fcheck-the-facts%2Fwhat-is-alcohol%2Fwhat-is-an-alcohol-unit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-std.drink.us-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-std.drink.us_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-std.drink.us_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-std.drink.us_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov/how-much-too-much/whats-standard-drink">"What's a Standard Drink Measurement?"</a>. <i>Rethinking Drinking</i>. NIAAA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rethinking+Drinking&rft.atitle=What%27s+a+Standard+Drink+Measurement%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov%2Fhow-much-too-much%2Fwhats-standard-drink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm#standDrink">"Alcohol and Public Health: Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. CDC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alcohol+and+Public+Health%3A+Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=CDC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Falcohol%2Ffaqs.htm%23standDrink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bmj.com-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bmj.com_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dtb.bmj.com/content/39/12/95.extract">"Getting tight on units of alcohol"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Drug_and_Therapeutics_Bulletin" title="Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin">Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin</a></i>. <b>39</b> (12): 95–96. 1 December 2001. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fdtb.2001.391295">10.1136/dtb.2001.391295</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11799595">11799595</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+Therapeutics+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Getting+tight+on+units+of+alcohol&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=95-96&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fdtb.2001.391295&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11799595&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdtb.bmj.com%2Fcontent%2F39%2F12%2F95.extract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc.co.uk-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8721029.stm">"BBC News - Do you know how much you drink?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i>. 4 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=BBC+News+-+Do+you+know+how+much+you+drink%3F&rft.date=2010-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fmagazine%2F8721029.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oz_labelling-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oz_labelling_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/labelling/Pages/Labelling-of-alcoholic-beverages.aspx">"Labelling of Alcoholic Beverages"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Food_Standards_Australia_New_Zealand" title="Food Standards Australia New Zealand">Food Standards Australia New Zealand</a></i>. 2022. Standard drinks. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230920161732/https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/labelling/Pages/Labelling-of-alcoholic-beverages.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Food+Standards+Australia+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Labelling+of+Alcoholic+Beverages&rft.pages=Standard+drinks&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodstandards.gov.au%2Fconsumer%2Flabelling%2FPages%2FLabelling-of-alcoholic-beverages.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haynes.William-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haynes.William_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haynes.William_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 3.246. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mongan_&_Long-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mongan_&_Long_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonganLong2015" class="citation web cs1">Mongan, Deirdre; Long, Jean (22 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rarha.eu/Resources/Deliverables/Lists/Deliverables/Attachments/14/WP5%20Background%20paper%20Standard%20drink%20measures%20HRB.pdf">"Standard drink measures throughout Europe; peoples' understanding of standard drinks and their use in drinking guidelines, alcohol surveys and labelling"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Reducing Alcohol Related Harm</i>. p. 8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reducing+Alcohol+Related+Harm&rft.atitle=Standard+drink+measures+throughout+Europe%3B+peoples%27+understanding+of+standard+drinks+and+their+use+in+drinking+guidelines%2C+alcohol+surveys+and+labelling&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2015-05-22&rft.aulast=Mongan&rft.aufirst=Deirdre&rft.au=Long%2C+Jean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rarha.eu%2FResources%2FDeliverables%2FLists%2FDeliverables%2FAttachments%2F14%2FWP5%2520Background%2520paper%2520Standard%2520drink%2520measures%2520HRB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">14 grams of alcohol is 0.6 <a href="/wiki/US_fluid_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="US fluid ounce">US fluid ounces</a> or ~18 mL. → Ethanol listed as 0.78945 g/mL @ 20°C (68°F), 0.6 US fl oz × 29.57 mL/US fl oz = 17.742 ml; 0.78945 g/mL × 17.742 mL = 14.006g</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wineforall.com/blog/?p=404">"Alcohol: the Devil is in the Details {So why won't major American wine media run %s in reviews?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alcohol%3A+the+Devil+is+in+the+Details+%7BSo+why+won%27t+major+American+wine+media+run+%25s+in+reviews%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wineforall.com%2Fblog%2F%3Fp%3D404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The volume of the drink in litres multiplied by its percentage strength in ABV give the number of units. In this case, <span class="nowrap">0.568 × 5.2 gives 2.95</span>; i.e., almost 3 units.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alcoholandyouni.com/alcohol-and-you-home/check-the-facts/what-is-a-unit-of-alcohol/">"What is a unit of alcohol | Alcohol and You Northern Ireland"</a>. <i>www.alcoholandyouni.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qfak.com/livelihood/food_drink/?id=b158893#.UXvAYaKG2So">the original</a> on 12 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Health+Effects+of+Alcohol&rft.pub=Drinkaware.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drinkaware.co.uk%2Ffacts%2Ffactsheets%2Fhealth-fact-sample-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenshealth.northwestern.edu/blog/sex-differences-alcohol-metabolism">"Sex differences in alcohol metabolism"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portman+Group&rft.atitle=UK+Alcohol+Health+Labelling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portmangroup.org.uk%2Fcodes%2Falcohol-marketing%2Falcohol-labelling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150213184249/http://portmangroup.org.uk/media/news-details/2014/11/06/drinks-companies-achieve-voluntary-alcohol-labelling-target">"Drinks companies achieve voluntary alcohol labelling target"</a>. <i>Portman Group</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portmangroup.org.uk/media/news-details/2014/11/06/drinks-companies-achieve-voluntary-alcohol-labelling-target">the original</a> on 13 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portman+Group&rft.atitle=Drinks+companies+achieve+voluntary+alcohol+labelling+target&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportmangroup.org.uk%2Fmedia%2Fnews-details%2F2014%2F11%2F06%2Fdrinks-companies-achieve-voluntary-alcohol-labelling-target&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/drinks-labels-pictures-guidelines-improve-understanding-government-recommendations/">"Drinks labels with pictures and guidelines could improve public understanding of Government recommendations"</a>. <i>NIHR Evidence</i> (Plain English summary). 23 June 2021. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3310%2Falert_46590">10.3310/alert_46590</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242903619">242903619</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIHR+Evidence&rft.atitle=Drinks+labels+with+pictures+and+guidelines+could+improve+public+understanding+of+Government+recommendations&rft.date=2021-06-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3310%2Falert_46590&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A242903619%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fevidence.nihr.ac.uk%2Falert%2Fdrinks-labels-pictures-guidelines-improve-understanding-government-recommendations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldEganLondakovaMottershaw2021" class="citation journal cs1">Gold, Natalie; Egan, Mark; Londakova, Kristina; Mottershaw, Abigail; Harper, Hugo; Burton, Robyn; Henn, Clive; Smolar, Maria; Walmsley, Matthew; Arambepola, Rohan; Watson, Robin (19 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8248341">"Effect of alcohol label designs with different pictorial representations of alcohol content and health warnings on knowledge and understanding of low-risk drinking guidelines: a randomized controlled trial"</a>. <i>Addiction</i>. <b>116</b> (6): 1443–1459. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fadd.15327">10.1111/add.15327</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0965-2140">0965-2140</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8248341">8248341</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33169443">33169443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Addiction&rft.atitle=Effect+of+alcohol+label+designs+with+different+pictorial+representations+of+alcohol+content+and+health+warnings+on+knowledge+and+understanding+of+low-risk+drinking+guidelines%3A+a+randomized+controlled+trial&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1443-1459&rft.date=2021-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8248341%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0965-2140&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33169443&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fadd.15327&rft.aulast=Gold&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rft.au=Egan%2C+Mark&rft.au=Londakova%2C+Kristina&rft.au=Mottershaw%2C+Abigail&rft.au=Harper%2C+Hugo&rft.au=Burton%2C+Robyn&rft.au=Henn%2C+Clive&rft.au=Smolar%2C+Maria&rft.au=Walmsley%2C+Matthew&rft.au=Arambepola%2C+Rohan&rft.au=Watson%2C+Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8248341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+drink" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_drink&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cleavebooks.co.uk/scol/ccalcoh1.htm">Online converter between different countries' standard drinks and units</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drinkaware.co.uk">Drinkaware</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/alcohol/Pages/Alcoholhome.aspx">NHS Choices: Drinking and alcohol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150221102901/http://www.nhs.uk/Tools/Pages/Alcohol-unit-calculator.aspx">NHS Choices: Alcohol unit calculator</a> (archived 21 February 2015)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abbeycarefoundation.com/alcohol-demotivator/">Online alcohol demotivator calculator</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_alcohol_content" title="Blood alcohol content">Blood alcohol content</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusel_alcohol" title="Fusel alcohol">Fusel alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-term_effects_of_alcohol_consumption" title="Short-term effects of alcohol consumption">Short-term effects of alcohol consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_alcohol" title="Long-term effects of alcohol">Long-term effects of alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacology_of_ethanol" title="Pharmacology of ethanol">Pharmacology of ethanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_response_to_alcohol" title="Subjective response to alcohol">Subjective response to alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adverse effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hangxiety" title="Hangxiety">Anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_alcohol_on_aging" title="Impact of alcohol on aging">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_impact_of_alcohol_on_the_brain" title="Long-term impact of alcohol on the brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_cancer" title="Alcohol and cancer">Cancer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_breast_cancer" title="Alcohol and breast cancer">breast cancer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_cortisol" title="Alcohol and cortisol">Cortisol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_alcohol_on_memory" title="Effects of alcohol on memory">Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_pregnancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol and pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_use_and_sleep" title="Alcohol use and sleep">Sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_tolerance" title="Alcohol tolerance">Tolerance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intolerance" title="Alcohol intolerance">intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_weight" title="Alcohol and weight">Weight</a></li> <li>Beverage-specific <ul><li>Beer: <a href="/wiki/Potomania" title="Potomania">Potomania</a></li> <li>Wine: <a href="/wiki/Red_wine_headache" title="Red wine headache">Red wine headache</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Social issues">Social issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Adulterated alcohol <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine#Adulterated_moonshine" title="Moonshine">Adulterated moonshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denatured_alcohol" title="Denatured alcohol">Denatured alcohol</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_methanol_poisoning_incidents" title="List of methanol poisoning incidents">List of methanol poisoning incidents</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrogate_alcohol" title="Surrogate alcohol">Surrogate alcohol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_abuse" title="Alcohol abuse">Alcohol abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_advertising" title="Alcohol advertising">Alcohol advertising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_advertising_on_college_campuses" title="Alcohol advertising on college campuses">on college campuses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_sex" title="Alcohol and sex">Sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_goggles" title="Beer goggles">Beer goggles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_myopia" title="Alcohol myopia">Alcohol myopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_association_football" title="Alcohol in association football">Alcohol in association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_use_among_college_students" title="Alcohol use among college students">Alcohol use among college students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binge_drinking" title="Binge drinking">Binge drinking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_syndrome" title="Austrian syndrome">Austrian syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication" title="Alcohol intoxication">Alcohol intoxication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_binge_drinking" title="Epidemiology of binge drinking">Epidemiology of binge drinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday_heart_syndrome" title="Holiday heart syndrome">Holiday heart syndrome</a></li> <li>Problematic alcoholic products <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_powder" title="Alcohol powder">Alcohol powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcopop" title="Alcopop">Alcopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borg_(drink)" title="Borg (drink)">Borg</a></li> <li>Low-cost alcohol <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flavored_fortified_wine" title="Flavored fortified wine">Flavored fortified wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)#Stimulants" title="Alcohol (drug)">Polysubstance alcoholic drinks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caffeinated_alcoholic_drink" title="Caffeinated alcoholic drink">Caffeinated alcoholic drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca_wine" title="Coca wine">Coca wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotini" title="Nicotini">Nicotini</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapoy" title="Zapoy">Zapoy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_(drug-related_amnesia)" title="Blackout (drug-related amnesia)">Blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Wednesday" title="Blackout Wednesday">Blackout Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_game" title="Drinking game">Drinking game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drinking_games" title="List of drinking games">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregaming" title="Pregaming">Pregaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_in_public" title="Drinking in public">Drinking in public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_walking" title="Drunk walking">Drunk walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunkorexia" title="Drunkorexia">Drunkorexia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_drunk" title="Dry drunk">Dry drunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_courage" title="Dutch courage">Dutch courage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaming_drink" title="Flaming drink">Flaming drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_of_the_dog" title="Hair of the dog">Hair of the dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurtful_communication#Alcohol" title="Hurtful communication">Hurtful communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_dialing" title="Drunk dialing">Drunk dialing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_vino_veritas" title="In vino veritas"><i>In vino veritas</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightcap_(drink)" title="Nightcap (drink)">Nightcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsdrunk" title="Pantsdrunk">Pantsdrunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_drinking" title="Passive drinking">Passive drinking</a></li> <li>Binge drinking devices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_bong" title="Beer bong">Beer bong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yard_of_ale" title="Yard of ale">Yard of ale</a></li></ul></li> <li>Routes of administration <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_enema" title="Alcohol enema">Alcohol enema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_inhalation" title="Alcohol inhalation">Alcohol inhalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka_eyeballing" title="Vodka eyeballing">Vodka eyeballing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sconcing" title="Sconcing">Sconcing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson_alcoholism_debate" title="Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate">Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysian_Mysteries" title="Dionysian Mysteries">Dionysian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipsomania" title="Dipsomania">Dipsomania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Paul_Jordan" title="Gilbert Paul Jordan">Gilbert Paul Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_Craze" title="Gin Craze">Gin Craze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_through_alcohol" title="List of deaths through alcohol">List of deaths through alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_ration" title="Rum ration">Rum ration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Rebellion" title="Rum Rebellion">Rum Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebeen" title="Shebeen">Shebeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_o%27clock_swill" title="Six o'clock swill">Six o'clock swill</a></li> <li>Illegal drinking establishments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nip_joint" title="Nip joint">Nip joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speakeasy" title="Speakeasy">Speakeasy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">Alcoholic beverage</a></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_mile" title="Beer mile">Beer mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Beer_Day" title="International Beer Day">International Beer Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Collaboration_Brew_Day" title="International Women's Collaboration Brew Day">International Women's Collaboration Brew Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_brewing" title="Women in brewing">Women in brewing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_culture" title="Drinking culture">Drinking culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ap%C3%A9ritif_and_digestif" title="Apéritif and digestif">Apéritif and digestif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangover_remedies" title="Hangover remedies">Hangover remedies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_wine" title="Health effects of wine">Health effects of wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wine_and_food_pairing" title="Wine and food pairing">Wine and food pairing</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunken_monkey_hypothesis" title="Drunken monkey hypothesis">Drunken monkey hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_night" title="Ladies' night">Ladies' night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_alcohol_consumption_per_capita" title="List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita">List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_by_youth_in_the_United_States" title="Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States">Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_substances_used_in_rituals#Alcohol" title="List of substances used in rituals">Ritual use of alcohol</a></li> <li>Whiskey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_whisk(e)y_day" title="International whisk(e)y day">International whisk(e)y day</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcohol <br />control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_law" title="Alcohol law">Alcohol law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_License_Suspension" title="Administrative License Suspension">Administrative License Suspension</a> (ALS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(Minimum_Pricing)_(Scotland)_Act_2012" title="Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012">Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_exclusion_laws" title="Alcohol exclusion laws">Alcohol exclusion laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_monopoly" title="Alcohol monopoly">Alcohol monopoly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage_control_state" title="Alcoholic beverage control state">Alcoholic beverage control state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_packaging_warning_messages" title="Alcohol packaging warning messages">Alcohol packaging warning messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_on_caffeinated_alcoholic_drinks_in_the_United_States" title="Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States">Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving_law_by_country" title="Drunk driving law by country">Drunk driving law by country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DWI_court" title="DWI court">DWI court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_sobriety_testing" title="Field sobriety testing">Field sobriety testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_flask_defence" title="Hip flask defence">Hip flask defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignition_interlock_device" title="Ignition interlock device">Ignition interlock device</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_county" title="Dry county">Dry county</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dry_communities_by_U.S._state" title="List of dry communities by U.S. state">List of dry communities by U.S. state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_call" title="Last call">Last call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age" title="Legal drinking age">Legal drinking age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age_in_the_United_States" title="Legal drinking age in the United States">Legal drinking age in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_tap_(alcohol)" title="Shoulder tap (alcohol)">Shoulder tap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alcohol_laws_of_the_United_States" title="List of alcohol laws of the United States">List of alcohol laws of US</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">Alcohol prohibition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_alcohol_prohibition" title="List of countries with alcohol prohibition">List of countries with alcohol prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-prohibitionism" title="Neo-prohibitionism">Neo-prohibitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">Temperance movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sobriety" title="Sobriety">Sobriety</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_detoxification" title="Alcohol detoxification">Alcohol detoxification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-free_zone" title="Alcohol-free zone">Alcohol-free zone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_campus" title="Dry campus">Dry campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-container_law" title="Open-container law">Open-container law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brief_intervention" title="Brief intervention">Brief intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designated_driver" title="Designated driver">Designated driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_rehabilitation" title="Drug rehabilitation">Alcohol rehabilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_tank" title="Drunk tank">Drunk tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managed_alcohol_program" title="Managed alcohol program">Managed alcohol program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-alcoholic_drink" title="Non-alcoholic drink">Non-alcoholic drink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-alcoholic_cocktails" class="mw-redirect" title="List of non-alcoholic cocktails">List of cocktails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-alcoholic_mixed_drinks" title="List of non-alcoholic mixed drinks">List of mixed drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritzer#Non-alcoholic_spritzer" title="Spritzer">Spritzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_drink#Non-alcoholic_malt_drinks" title="Malt drink">Malt drinks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">Teetotalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_bar" title="Temperance bar">Temperance bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_and_Good_Citizenship_Day" title="Temperance and Good Citizenship Day">Temperance and Good Citizenship Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_twelve-step_groups" title="List of twelve-step groups">Twelve-step groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Anon/Alateen" title="Al-Anon/Alateen">Al-Anon/Alateen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholics_Anonymous" title="Alcoholics Anonymous">Alcoholics Anonymous</a> (AA):</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_Children_of_Alcoholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult Children of Alcoholics">Adult Children of Alcoholics</a> (ACA)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sober_companion" title="Sober companion">Sober companion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sober_curious" title="Sober curious">Sober curious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sober_living_house" title="Sober living house">Sober living house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobering_center" title="Sobering center">Sobering center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobrietol" title="Sobrietol">Sobrietol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quit_lit_(alcohol_cessation)" title="Quit lit (alcohol cessation)">Quit lit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcohol limitation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/0-0-1-3" title="0-0-1-3">0-0-1-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_recommendations" title="Alcohol consumption recommendations">Alcohol consumption recommendations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_education" title="Alcohol education">Alcohol education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_server_training" title="Alcohol server training">Alcohol server training</a></li> <li>Monitoring <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breathalyzer" title="Breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_tagging#Sweat_alcohol_content_monitor" title="Electronic tagging">Sweat alcohol content monitor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brief_intervention#FRAMES" title="Brief intervention">FRAMES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Advancing_Alcohol_Responsibility" title="Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility">Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility</a></li> <li>Campaigns <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_January" title="Dry January">Dry January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_July" title="Dry July">Dry July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Your_Sexy_Back" title="Get Your Sexy Back">Get Your Sexy Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocsober" title="Ocsober">Ocsober</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquor_license" title="Liquor license">Liquor license</a></li> <li>Low-alcohol drinks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_tea" title="Fermented tea">Fermented tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-alcohol_beer" title="Low-alcohol beer">Low-alcohol beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_drink#Low-alcoholic_malt_drinks" title="Malt drink">Low-alcoholic malt drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_beer" title="Small beer">Small beer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Measurement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_spirits_measure" title="Alcoholic spirits measure">Alcoholic spirits measure</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Standard drink</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Addiction_medicine" title="Addiction medicine">Addiction medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlordiazepoxide" title="Chlordiazepoxide">Chlordiazepoxide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disulfiram-like_drug" title="Disulfiram-like drug">Disulfiram-like drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disulfiram" title="Disulfiram">Disulfiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbimide" title="Calcium carbimide">Calcium carbimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanamide" title="Cyanamide">Cyanamide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_anaesthetic" title="General anaesthetic">General anaesthetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide_(medication)" title="Nitrous oxide (medication)">Nitrous oxide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfonic_acid" title="Sulfonic acid">Sulfonic acids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acamprosate" title="Acamprosate">Acamprosate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homotaurine" title="Homotaurine">Homotaurine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_alcohol" title="Religion and alcohol">Religion and alcohol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_alcohol" title="Christian views on alcohol">Christian views on alcohol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_the_Bible" title="Alcohol in the Bible">Alcohol in the Bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamr" title="Khamr">Islam and alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_Street_and_Gin_Lane" title="Beer Street and Gin Lane"><i>Beer Street</i> and <i>Gin Lane</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratt_System" title="Bratt System">Bratt System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_state" title="Dry state">Dry state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_Act_1751" title="Gin Act 1751">Gin Act 1751</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_Liquor_Prescriptions_Act_of_1933" title="Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933">Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_alcohol-related_articles" title="Index of alcohol-related articles">Index of alcohol-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_spaceflight" title="Alcohol and spaceflight">Alcohol and spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_drug_effect" title="Gateway drug effect">Gateway drug effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mood_disorder" title="Mood disorder">Mood disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-alcoholic_fatty_liver_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease">Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-medication" title="Self-medication">Self-medication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spins" title="Spins">Spins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_drunk" title="Town drunk">Town drunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_paradox" title="French paradox">French paradox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alcohol_and_health" title="Category:Alcohol and health">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alcoholic_beverages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Template:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Template talk:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcoholic_beverages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">Alcoholic beverages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History_and_production" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History and production</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History of alcohol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of alcoholic beverages">History of alcoholic beverages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_beer" title="History of beer">History of beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bordeaux_wine" title="History of Bordeaux wine">History of Bordeaux wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Champagne" title="History of Champagne">History of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chianti" title="History of Chianti">History of Chianti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rioja_wine" title="History of Rioja wine">History of Rioja wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sherry" title="History of Sherry">History of Sherry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol industry">Alcohol industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub_gin" title="Bathtub gin">Bathtub gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">Brewing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malting" title="Malting">Malting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lautering" title="Lautering">Lautering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wort" title="Wort">Wort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">Yeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">Distillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_establishment" title="Drinking establishment">Drinking establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fermentation" title="Ethanol fermentation">Fermentation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simple_syrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple syrup">Simple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fermented_drinks_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink#Fermented_drinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">Fermented drinks</a> by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">Cider</a></li></ul></li> <li>Banana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_beer" title="Banana beer">Banana beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_wine" title="Banana wine">Banana wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bignay <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bignay_wine" title="Bignay wine">Bignay wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bokbunja <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bokbunja-ju" title="Bokbunja-ju">Bokbunja-ju</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grape <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira_wine" title="Madeira wine">Madeira wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsala_wine" title="Marsala wine">Marsala wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistelle">Mistelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscatel_de_Set%C3%BAbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscatel de Setúbal">Moscatel de Setúbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_wine" title="Port wine">Port wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A9_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosé wine">Rosé wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">Sherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermouth" title="Vermouth">Vermouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Java plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duhat_wine" title="Duhat wine">Duhat wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longan_wine" title="Longan wine">Longan wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lychee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lychee_wine" title="Lychee wine">Lychee wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pear <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perry" title="Perry">Perry</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pineapple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tepache" title="Tepache">Tepache</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plum_jerkum" title="Plum jerkum">Plum jerkum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pomegranate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rimon_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rimon (wine)">Rimon</a></li></ul></li> <li>Prickly pear <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonche" title="Colonche">Colonche</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conditum" title="Conditum">Conditum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubonnet" title="Dubonnet">Dubonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocras" title="Hippocras">Hippocras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabol" title="Jabol">Jabol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">Mulled wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabidh" title="Nabidh">Nabidh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruno" title="Pruno">Pruno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangria" title="Sangria">Sangria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cereals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barley_wine" title="Barley wine">Barley wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Corn <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mageu" title="Mageu">Mageu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozol" title="Pozol">Pozol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejuino" title="Tejuino">Tejuino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesg%C3%BCino" title="Tesgüino">Tesgüino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Millet <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oshikundu" title="Oshikundu">Oshikundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongba" title="Tongba">Tongba</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agkud" title="Agkud">Agkud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazake" title="Amazake">Amazake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apo_(drink)" title="Apo (drink)">Apo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beopju" title="Beopju">Beopju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brem" title="Brem">Brem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choujiu" title="Choujiu">Choujiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuak" title="Chuak">Chuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dansul" title="Dansul">Dansul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwaha-ju" title="Gwaha-ju">Gwaha-ju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariya" title="Hariya">Hariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli">Makgeolli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijiu" title="Mijiu">Mijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirin" title="Mirin">Mirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasi" title="Pangasi">Pangasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">Rice wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_c%E1%BA%A7n" title="Rượu cần">Rượu cần</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">Sake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sato_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sato (beverage)">Sato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing_wine" title="Shaoxing wine">Shaoxing wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonti_(rice_drink)" title="Sonti (rice drink)">Sonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapai" title="Tapai">Tapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapuy" title="Tapuy">Tapuy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rye <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kvass" title="Kvass">Kvass</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sorghum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pendh%C4%81" title="Pendhā">Pendhā</a></li></ul></li> <li>Multiple grains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">Ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(drink)" title="Ara (drink)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boza" title="Boza">Boza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangjiu" title="Huangjiu">Huangjiu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agave americana</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulque" title="Pulque">Pulque</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut and other palms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahalina" title="Bahalina">Bahalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">Palm wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuak">Tuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuba (wine)">Tubâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuhak">Tuhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunggang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunggang">Tunggang</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dairy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumis" title="Kumis">Kumis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ginger <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_wine" title="Ginger wine">Ginger wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Galangal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byais" title="Byais">Byais</a></li></ul></li> <li>Honey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bais_(wine)" title="Bais (wine)">Bais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byais" title="Byais">Byais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabarawan" title="Kabarawan">Kabarawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mead" title="Mead">Mead</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilju" title="Kilju">Kilju</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane or molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basi" title="Basi">Basi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intus" title="Intus">Intus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palek" title="Palek">Palek</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_tea" title="Fermented tea">Fermented tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombucha" title="Kombucha">Kombucha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various starches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cauim" title="Cauim">Cauim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha">Chicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parakari" title="Parakari">Parakari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibwatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibwatu">Ibwatu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liquors_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">Liquors</a> by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applejack_(drink)" title="Applejack (drink)">Applejack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvados" title="Calvados">Calvados</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cashew apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feni_(liquor)" title="Feni (liquor)">Feni</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirsch" title="Kirsch">Kirschwasser</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araqi_(drink)" title="Araqi (drink)">Araqi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fig <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boukha" title="Boukha">Boukha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grape <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armagnac_(brandy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armagnac (brandy)">Armagnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Brandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognac" title="Cognac">Cognac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco">Pisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zivania" title="Zivania">Zivania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Juniper <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slivovitz" title="Slivovitz">Slivovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Auic%C4%83" title="Țuică">Țuică</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomace" title="Pomace">Pomace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacha_(brandy)" title="Chacha (brandy)">Chacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappa" title="Grappa">Grappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomace_brandy" title="Pomace brandy">Marc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orujo" title="Orujo">Orujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsikoudia" title="Tsikoudia">Tsikoudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsipouro" title="Tsipouro">Tsipouro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zivania" title="Zivania">Zivania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Brandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_de_vie" title="Eau de vie">Eau de vie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geist_(liquor)" title="Geist (liquor)">Geist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himbeergeist" title="Himbeergeist">Himbeergeist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marillenschnaps" title="Marillenschnaps">Marillenschnaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalewka" title="Nalewka">Nalewka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghi_(drink)" title="Oghi (drink)">Oghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1linka" title="Pálinka">Pálinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakia" title="Rakia">Rakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnaps" class="mw-redirect" title="Schnaps">Schnaps</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cereals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Irish whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_whisky" title="Japanese whisky">Japanese whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Scotch whisky</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bierbrand" title="Bierbrand">Bierbrand</a></li></ul></li> <li>Buckwheat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat_whisky" title="Buckwheat whisky">Buckwheat whisky</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maize <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_whiskey" title="Corn whiskey">Corn whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_whiskey" title="Tennessee whiskey">Tennessee whiskey</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awamori" title="Awamori">Awamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheongju_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheongju (wine)">Cheongju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholai" title="Cholai">Cholai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao-Lao" title="Lao-Lao">Lao-Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihing" title="Lihing">Lihing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixiang_Baijiu" title="Mixiang Baijiu">Mixiang Baijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shochu" class="mw-redirect" title="Shochu">Shochu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soju" title="Soju">Soju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulai" title="Sulai">Sulai</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rye <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korn_(liquor)" title="Korn (liquor)">Korn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_whiskey" title="Rye whiskey">Rye whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starka" title="Starka">Starka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sorghum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kaoliang_liquor" title="Kaoliang liquor">Kaoliang liquor</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Multiple grains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(drink)" title="Ara (drink)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_whiskey" title="American whiskey">American whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_whisky" title="Canadian whisky">Canadian whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">Whisky</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agave" title="Agave">Agave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">Mezcal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila">Tequila</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut and other palms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack">Arrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laksoy" title="Laksoy">Laksoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambanog" title="Lambanog">Lambanog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotol" title="Sotol">Sotol</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dairy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkhi" title="Arkhi">Arkhi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane or molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">Aguardiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacha%C3%A7a" title="Cachaça">Cachaça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clairin" title="Clairin">Clairin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desi_daru" title="Desi daru">Desi daru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaro_(drink)" title="Guaro (drink)">Guaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seco_Herrerano" title="Seco Herrerano">Seco Herrerano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulai" title="Sulai">Sulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sura_(alcoholic_drink)" title="Sura (alcoholic drink)">Sura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharra" title="Tharra">Tharra</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various starches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">Aguardiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akvavit" title="Akvavit">Akvavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangla_(drink)" title="Bangla (drink)">Bangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horilka" title="Horilka">Horilka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">Vodka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liqueurs_and_infused_distilled_drinks_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liqueur" title="Liqueur">Liqueurs</a> and infused distilled drinks by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Almond <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaretto" title="Amaretto">Amaretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_Noyaux" title="Crème de Noyaux">Crème de Noyaux</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absinthe" title="Absinthe">Absinthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisado" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisado">Anisado</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisado_Mallorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisado Mallorca">Anisado Mallorca</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisette" title="Anisette">Anisette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierbas" title="Hierbas">Hierbas</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbs_de_Majorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbs de Majorca">Herbs de Majorca</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastika" title="Mastika">Mastika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouzo" title="Ouzo">Ouzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rak%C4%B1" title="Rakı">Rakı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambuca" title="Sambuca">Sambuca</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bierlik%C3%B6r" title="Bierlikör">Bierlikör</a></li></ul></li> <li>Blackthorn shrub <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patxaran" title="Patxaran">Patxaran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Heering" title="Cherry Heering">Cherry Heering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraschino" title="Maraschino">Maraschino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chili peppers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horilka" title="Horilka">Pertsivka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chocolate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_liqueur" title="Chocolate liqueur">Chocolate liqueur</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cinnamon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tentura" title="Tentura">Tentura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubus_chamaemorus" title="Rubus chamaemorus">Cloudberry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakka" title="Lakka">Lakka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malibu_Rum" class="mw-redirect" title="Malibu Rum">Malibu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coffee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kahl%C3%BAa" title="Kahlúa">Kahlúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tia_Maria" title="Tia Maria">Tia Maria</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cream <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cream_liqueur" title="Cream liqueur">Cream liqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cream" title="Irish cream">Irish cream</a></li></ul></li> <li>Egg <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocaat" title="Advocaat">Advocaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">Eggnog</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hazelnut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frangelico" title="Frangelico">Frangelico</a></li></ul></li> <li>Herbs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akvavit" title="Akvavit">Aquavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dictine" title="Bénédictine">Bénédictine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenniv%C3%ADn" title="Brennivín">Brennivín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_menthe" title="Crème de menthe">Crème de menthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaxa" title="Metaxa">Metaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicum" title="Unicum">Unicum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Honey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4renfang" title="Bärenfang">Bärenjäger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drambuie" title="Drambuie">Drambuie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glayva" title="Glayva">Glayva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Mist" title="Irish Mist">Irish Mist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krupnik" title="Krupnik">Krupnik</a></li></ul></li> <li>Juniper <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borovi%C4%8Dka" title="Borovička">Borovička</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenever" title="Jenever">Jenever</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mammee apple flower <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eau_cr%C3%A9ole" class="mw-redirect" title="Eau créole">Eau créole</a></li></ul></li> <li>Orange <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cointreau" title="Cointreau">Cointreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_(liqueur)" title="Curaçao (liqueur)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Marnier" title="Grand Marnier">Grand Marnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_sec" title="Triple sec">Triple sec</a></li></ul></li> <li>Star anise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastis" title="Pastis">Pastis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassolino" title="Sassolino">Sassolino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane/molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charanda" title="Charanda">Charanda</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vanilla <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licor_43" title="Licor 43">Licor 43</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campari" title="Campari">Campari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedratine" title="Cedratine">Cedratine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_banane" title="Crème de banane">Crème de banane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_cassis" title="Crème de cassis">Crème de cassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoncello" title="Limoncello">Limoncello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnapps" title="Schnapps">Schnapps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloe_gin" title="Sloe gin">Sloe gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Walnut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nocino" title="Nocino">Nocino</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alcoholic_drinks" title="List of alcoholic drinks">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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