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margin-top:0; width:310px; max-width:400px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:LightCoral; font-size:120%; text-align:center;">Eigenschaften </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; color:#000000; text-align:center;"> <div id="table" style="position:relative;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="margin:auto; background-color:#ffffff; color:#000000; text-align:center; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:separate; border-style:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 1: Wasserstoff (H), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 2: Helium (He), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 3: Lithium (Li), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 4: Beryllium (Be), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 5: Bor (B), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 6: Kohlenstoff (C), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 7: Stickstoff (N), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 8: Sauerstoff (O), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 9: Fluor (F), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 10: Neon (Ne), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 11: Natrium (Na), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 12: Magnesium (Mg), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 13: Aluminium (Al), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 14: Silicium (Si), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 15: Phosphor (P), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Schwefel" title="Schwefel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 16: Schwefel (S), Nichtmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 17: Chlor (Cl), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 18: Argon (Ar), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 19: Kalium (K), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 20: Calcium (Ca), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 21: Scandium (Sc), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 22: Titan (Ti), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 23: Vanadium (V), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 24: Chrom (Cr), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 25: Mangan (Mn), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Eisen" title="Eisen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 26: Eisen (Fe), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 27: Cobalt (Co), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 28: Nickel (Ni), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kupfer" title="Kupfer"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 29: Kupfer (Cu), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 30: Zink (Zn), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 31: Gallium (Ga), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 32: Germanium (Ge), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 33: Arsen (As), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 34: Selen (Se), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 35: Brom (Br), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 36: Krypton (Kr), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 37: Rubidium (Rb), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 38: Strontium (Sr), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 39: Yttrium (Y), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 40: Zirconium (Zr), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral; border:2px solid black; margin:-1px"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 41: Niob (Nb), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 42: Molybdän (Mo), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 43: Technetium (Tc), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 44: Ruthenium (Ru), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 45: Rhodium (Rh), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 46: Palladium (Pd), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silber" title="Silber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 47: Silber (Ag), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 48: Cadmium (Cd), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 49: Indium (In), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zinn" title="Zinn"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 50: Zinn (Sn), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 51: Antimon (Sb), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 52: Tellur (Te), Halbmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 53: Iod (I), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 54: Xenon (Xe), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 55: Caesium (Cs), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 56: Barium (Ba), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 57: Lanthan (La), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cer" title="Cer"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 58: Cer (Ce), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 59: Praseodym (Pr), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 60: Neodym (Nd), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 61: Promethium (Pm), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 62: Samarium (Sm), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 63: Europium (Eu), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 64: Gadolinium (Gd), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 65: Terbium (Tb), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 66: Dysprosium (Dy), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 67: Holmium (Ho), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 68: Erbium (Er), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 69: Thulium (Tm), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 70: Ytterbium (Yb), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 71: Lutetium (Lu), Lanthanoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 72: Hafnium (Hf), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 73: Tantal (Ta), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 74: Wolfram (W), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 75: Rhenium (Re), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 76: Osmium (Os), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 77: Iridium (Ir), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 78: Platin (Pt), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 79: Gold (Au), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 80: Quecksilber (Hg), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 81: Thallium (Tl), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 82: Blei (Pb), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 83: Bismut (Bi), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 84: Polonium (Po), Metall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 85: Astat (At), Halogen">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 86: Radon (Rn), Edelgas">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 87: Francium (Fr), Alkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 88: Radium (Ra), Erdalkalimetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 89: Actinium (Ac), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 90: Thorium (Th), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 91: Protactinium (Pa), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 92: Uran (U), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 93: Neptunium (Np), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 94: Plutonium (Pu), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 95: Americium (Am), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 96: Curium (Cm), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 97: Berkelium (Bk), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 98: Californium (Cf), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 99: Einsteinium (Es), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 100: Fermium (Fm), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 101: Mendelevium (Md), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 102: Nobelium (No), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 103: Lawrencium (Lr), Actinoid">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 104: Rutherfordium (Rf), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 105: Dubnium (Db), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 106: Seaborgium (Sg), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 107: Bohrium (Bh), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 108: Hassium (Hs), Übergangsmetall">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 109: Meitnerium (Mt), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 110: Darmstadtium (Ds), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 111: Roentgenium (Rg), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 112: Copernicium (Cn), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 113: Nihonium (Nh), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 114: Flerovium (Fl), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 115: Moscovium (Mc), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 116: Livermorium (Lv), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tenness" title="Tenness"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 117: Tenness (Ts), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 118: Oganesson (Og), unbekannt">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="text0" style="font-size:12px; position:absolute;background:#ffffff; top:5px; left:50%; margin-left:-125px;line-height:120%;">[<a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>] 4<a href="/wiki/D-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Orbital">d</a><sup>4</sup> 5<a href="/wiki/S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>1</sup></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:5px; left:45%; margin-left:20px;background:#ffffff;line-height:120%;"><span id="text2" style="font-size:10px; vertical-align: sub;">41</span><span id="text3" style="font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;">Nb</span></div> <div style="font-size:90%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:LightCoral; text-align:center;">Allgemein </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chemisches_Element#Sortierte_Liste_chemischer_Elemente" title="Chemisches Element">Name</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Symbol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">Niob, Nb, 41 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elementkategorie" title="Elementkategorie">Elementkategorie</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle" title="Übergangsmetalle">Übergangsmetalle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gruppe_des_Periodensystems" title="Gruppe des Periodensystems">Gruppe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Periode_des_Periodensystems" title="Periode des Periodensystems">Periode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Block_des_Periodensystems" class="mw-redirect" title="Block des Periodensystems">Block</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadiumgruppe" title="Vanadiumgruppe">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemische_Elemente_der_f%C3%BCnften_Periode" title="Chemische Elemente der fünften Periode">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Periodensystem#Block" title="Periodensystem">d</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aussehen </td> <td>grau metallisch glänzend </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a> </td> <td> <p><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?ref=7440-03-1">7440-03-1</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nummer</a> </td> <td>231-113-5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.028.284">100.028.284</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Massenanteil an der <a href="/wiki/Erdh%C3%BClle" title="Erdhülle">Erdhülle</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">19 ppm (34. Häufigkeit)<sup id="cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harry_H._Binder-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:LightCoral; text-align:center;">Atomar<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atommasse" title="Atommasse">Atommasse</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">92,90637(1)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Atomare_Masseneinheit" title="Atomare Masseneinheit">u</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atomradius" title="Atomradius">Atomradius</a> (berechnet) </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">145 (164) <a href="/wiki/Pikometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikometer">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kovalenter_Radius" title="Kovalenter Radius">Kovalenter Radius</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">137 pm </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronenkonfiguration" title="Elektronenkonfiguration">Elektronenkonfiguration</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>] 4<a href="/wiki/D-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Orbital">d</a><sup>4</sup> 5<a href="/wiki/S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1. <a href="/wiki/Ionisierungsenergie" title="Ionisierungsenergie">Ionisierungsenergie</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r198372224">.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-1000::after{content:"."}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus>span,.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec>span{position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus::after{content:"−"}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec::after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-fractpart{margin-right:0.2em}</style>6<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>75885(4) <a href="/wiki/Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-niobium_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-niobium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224">652<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>13 <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">kJ</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">mol</a><sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-niobium_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-niobium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2. Ionisierungsenergie </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224">14<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>32 eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-niobium_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-niobium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224"><span class="numericFormat-1000">1</span>382 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-niobium_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-niobium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3. Ionisierungsenergie </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224">25<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>04 eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-niobium_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-niobium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224"><span class="numericFormat-1000">2</span>416 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-niobium_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-niobium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. Ionisierungsenergie </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224">37<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>611(22) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-niobium_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-niobium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224"><span class="numericFormat-1000">3</span>629 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-niobium_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-niobium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5. Ionisierungsenergie </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224">50<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>5728(25) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-niobium_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-niobium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r198372224"><span class="numericFormat-1000">4</span>880 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-niobium_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-niobium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:LightCoral; text-align:center;">Physikalisch<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand">Aggregatzustand</a> </td> <td>fest </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kristallstruktur" title="Kristallstruktur">Kristallstruktur</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">kubisch raumzentriert </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dichte" title="Dichte">Dichte</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">8,57 g/cm³ (20 <a href="/wiki/Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4rte#Mohs" title="Härte">Mohshärte</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">6,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnetismus" title="Magnetismus">Magnetismus</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paramagnetismus" title="Paramagnetismus">paramagnetisch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Magnetische_Suszeptibilit%C3%A4t" title="Magnetische Suszeptibilität"><i>χ<sub>m</sub></i></a> = 2,3 · 10<sup>−4</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Schmelzpunkt" title="Schmelzpunkt">Schmelzpunkt</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">2750 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (2477 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Siedepunkt" title="Siedepunkt">Siedepunkt</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">5017 K<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (4744 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molares_Volumen" title="Molares Volumen">Molares Volumen</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">10,83 · 10<sup>−6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>·mol<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Verdampfungsenthalpie" title="Verdampfungsenthalpie">Verdampfungsenthalpie</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">694 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Schmelzenthalpie" title="Schmelzenthalpie">Schmelzenthalpie</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">26,8 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Schallgeschwindigkeit" title="Schallgeschwindigkeit">Schallgeschwindigkeit</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">3480 m·s<sup>−1</sup> bei 293,15 K </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektrische_Leitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Elektrische Leitfähigkeit">Elektrische Leitfähigkeit</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">6,58 · 10<sup>6</sup> S·m<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4rmeleitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Wärmeleitfähigkeit">Wärmeleitfähigkeit</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">54 <a href="/wiki/Watt_(Einheit)" title="Watt (Einheit)">W</a>·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:LightCoral; text-align:center;">Chemisch<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxidationszahl" title="Oxidationszahl">Oxidationszustände</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">+2, +4, <b>+5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektrodenpotential#Normalpotential" title="Elektrodenpotential">Normalpotential</a> </td> <td>−1,1 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a> (Nb<sup>2+</sup> + 2 e<sup>−</sup> → Nb) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativit%C3%A4t" title="Elektronegativität">Elektronegativität</a> </td> <td>1,6 (<a href="/wiki/Elektronegativit%C3%A4t#Pauling-Skala" title="Elektronegativität">Pauling-Skala</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:LightCoral; text-align:center">Isotope </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" class="rahmenfarbe1" style="background:WhiteSmoke; color:#000000; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:solid; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotopenverh%C3%A4ltnis" title="Isotopenverhältnis">NH</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Halbwertszeit" title="Halbwertszeit">t<sub>1/2</sub></a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Zerfallsarten" title="Radioaktivität">ZA</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zerfallsenergie" title="Zerfallsenergie">ZE</a> (M<a href="/wiki/Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zerfallsprodukt_(Radioaktivit%C3%A4t)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zerfallsprodukt (Radioaktivität)">ZP</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>91</sup>Nb<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>680 <a href="/wiki/Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronen-Einfang" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronen-Einfang">ε</a> </td> <td>1,253 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><sup>91</sup>Zr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><sup>92</sup>Nb<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">3,47 · 10<sup>7</sup> <a href="/wiki/Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronen-Einfang" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronen-Einfang">ε</a> </td> <td>2,006 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><sup>92</sup>Zr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Betastrahlung" title="Betastrahlung">β</a><sup>−</sup> </td> <td>0,356 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän"><sup>92</sup>Mo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>93</sup>Nb<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap"><b>100</b> % </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Isotop#Mischelemente_und_Reinelemente" title="Isotop">Stabil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>93<a href="/wiki/Isomer_(Kernphysik)" title="Isomer (Kernphysik)">meta</a></sup>Nb<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>16,13 <a href="/wiki/Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isomerie-%C3%9Cbergang" class="mw-redirect" title="Isomerie-Übergang">IT</a> </td> <td>0,031 </td> <td><sup>93</sup>Nb </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>94</sup>Nb<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>20300 <a href="/wiki/Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Betastrahlung" title="Betastrahlung">β</a><sup>−</sup> </td> <td>2,045 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän"><sup>94</sup>Mo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="nowrap"><sup>95</sup>Nb<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div> </td> <td style="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a> </td> <td>34,975 <a href="/wiki/Tag" title="Tag">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Betastrahlung" title="Betastrahlung">β</a><sup>−</sup> </td> <td>0,926 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän"><sup>95</sup>Mo</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:WhiteSmoke; text-align:center">Weitere Isotope siehe <a href="/wiki/Liste_der_Isotope/Ordnungszahl_41_bis_Ordnungszahl_50#41_Niob" title="Liste der Isotope/Ordnungszahl 41 bis Ordnungszahl 50">Liste der Isotope</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:LightCoral; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Kernspinresonanz" title="Kernspinresonanz">NMR</a>-Eigenschaften </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"><div> <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1" style="background:transparent; border:1px #aaa solid; margin:0; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>  </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kernspin" title="Kernspin">Spin-<br />Quanten-<br />zahl <i>I</i></a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Gyromagnetisches_Verh%C3%A4ltnis" title="Gyromagnetisches Verhältnis"><i>γ</i></a> in<br /><a href="/wiki/Radiant_(Einheit)" title="Radiant (Einheit)">rad</a>·<a href="/wiki/Tesla_(Einheit)" title="Tesla (Einheit)">T</a><sup>−1</sup>·<a href="/wiki/Sekunde" title="Sekunde">s</a><sup>−1</sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kernspinresonanzspektroskopie#Empfindlichkeit_der_NMR-Spektroskopie" title="Kernspinresonanzspektroskopie"><i>E</i><sub>r</sub> (<sup>1</sup>H)</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Larmorfrequenz" class="mw-redirect" title="Larmorfrequenz"><i>f</i><sub>L</sub></a> bei<br /><i>B</i> = 4,7 <a href="/wiki/Tesla_(Einheit)" title="Tesla (Einheit)">T</a><br />in <a href="/wiki/Hertz_(Einheit)" title="Hertz (Einheit)">MHz</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><sup>93</sup>Nb</b> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">9/2 </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">6,567 · 10<sup>7</sup> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">0,488 </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">24,47 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:LightCoral; text-align:center;">Sicherheitshinweise </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien" title="Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien">GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>Pulver </p> <table id="Piktogramme02" class="hintergrundfarbe-neutral" style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; display:flex; justify-content:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien#Übersicht:_EU-Gefahrensymbole,_UN/GHS-Gefahrenpiktogramme,_UN/ADR-Gefahrensymbole" title="02 – Leicht-/Hochentzündlich"><img alt="Gefahrensymbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/80px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/120px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/160px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gefahr</b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" width="33%" style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed; border-right:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;"><a href="/wiki/H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze" title="H- und P-Sätze">H- und P-Sätze</a> </td> <td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">H: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: H-Sätze"></span><a href="/wiki/H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Entzündbarer Feststoff.">228</span></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">P: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: P-Sätze"></span><a href="/wiki/H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Von Hitze, heißen Oberflächen, Funken, offenen Flammen und anderen Zündquellen fernhalten. Nicht rauchen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „12. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 17. Oktober 2020)">210</span></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:LightCoral; line-height:1.2em; text-align:center"><small>Soweit möglich und gebräuchlich, werden <a href="/wiki/Internationales_Einheitensystem" title="Internationales Einheitensystem">SI-Einheiten</a> verwendet. <br />Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei <a href="/wiki/Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a>.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span> </p><p><b>Niob</b> [<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r227981795">.mw-parser-output .IPA a{text-decoration:none}</style><span class="navigation-not-searchable"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Liste_der_IPA-Zeichen" title="Liste der IPA-Zeichen"><span title="Aussprache im Internationalen Phonetischen Alphabet (IPA)" lang="zxx">ˈnioːp</span></a></span></span>] (auch <i>Niobium</i>, nach <a href="/wiki/Niobe_(Mythologie)" title="Niobe (Mythologie)">Niobe</a>, der Tochter des <a href="/wiki/Tantalos" title="Tantalos">Tantalos</a>) ist ein <a href="/wiki/Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">chemisches Element</a> mit dem <a href="/wiki/Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Elementsymbol</a> Nb und der <a href="/wiki/Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a> 41. Es zählt zu den <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle" title="Übergangsmetalle">Übergangsmetallen</a>, im <a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> steht es in der 5. <a href="/wiki/Periode-5-Element" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode-5-Element">Periode</a> sowie der 5. <a href="/wiki/Nebengruppe" title="Nebengruppe">Nebengruppe</a> (Gruppe 5) oder <a href="/wiki/Vanadiumgruppe" title="Vanadiumgruppe">Vanadiumgruppe</a>. </p><p>Im <a href="/wiki/Anglosph%C3%A4re" title="Anglosphäre">angelsächsischen</a> Sprachraum wird noch vereinzelt von Metallurgen und Werkstoffanbietern die schon länger veraltete Bezeichnung <i>Columbium</i> und das Kurzzeichen <i>Cb</i> verwendet. </p><p>Das selten vorkommende <a href="/wiki/Schwermetall" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwermetall">Schwermetall</a> ist von grauer Farbe und gut schmiedbar. Niob wird vor allem aus den niobreichen Vertretern der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrochlor-Obergruppe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrochlor-Obergruppe (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Pyrochlor-Obergruppe</a>, den Mineralen der <a href="/wiki/Columbit" title="Columbit">Columbit</a>-Mischkristallreihe Columbit-(Mn) – Columbit-(Mn) und <a href="/wiki/Loparit" title="Loparit">Loparit</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gewonnen. Als <a href="/wiki/Coltan" title="Coltan">Coltan</a> (ein modernes, vorrangig in der Politik verwendetes Akronym aus <i>Col</i>umbit – <i>Tan</i>talit) werden Niob-Tantal-Erze bezeichnet, die zu den vier Mischkristallreihen <a href="/wiki/Columbit-(Fe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbit-(Fe)">Columbit-(Fe)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Columbit-(Mn)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbit-(Mn)">Columbit-(Mn)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tantalit-(Mn)" title="Tantalit-(Mn)">Tantalit-(Mn)</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalit-(Fe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantalit-(Fe) (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Tantalit-(Fe)</a>, Columbit-(Mn) – Tantalit-(Mn) und Columbit-(Fe) – Tantalit-(Fe) zählen. Niob wird hauptsächlich in der <a href="/wiki/Metallurgie" title="Metallurgie">Metallurgie</a> verwendet, um Spezialstähle herzustellen und die <a href="/wiki/Schwei%C3%9Feignung" title="Schweißeignung">Schweißbarkeit</a> zu verbessern. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="de" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Geschichte"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Geschichte</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Vorkommen"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Vorkommen</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Gewinnung_und_Darstellung"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Gewinnung und Darstellung</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Eigenschaften"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Eigenschaften</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Verwendung"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Verwendung</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Sicherheitshinweise"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Sicherheitshinweise</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Literatur"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Literatur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Weblinks"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Weblinks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Einzelnachweise"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Einzelnachweise</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte">Geschichte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Geschichte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Geschichte"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Niob wurde 1801 durch <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hatchett" title="Charles Hatchett">Charles Hatchett</a> entdeckt. Er fand es in einer Probe von Columbit-<a href="/wiki/Erz" title="Erz">Erz</a> aus einem Flussbett in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, das um 1743 nach England verschickt worden war. Hatchett benannte das Element <i>Columbium</i> (nach <a href="/wiki/Columbia_(Personifikation)" title="Columbia (Personifikation)">Columbia</a>, der Personifikation der Vereinigten Staaten<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Bis Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts ging man davon aus, dass es sich bei Columbium und dem 1802 entdeckten <a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Tantal</a> um dasselbe Element handelt, da sie in Mineralen fast immer zusammen auftreten. </p><p>Erst 1844 zeigte der Berliner Professor <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rose" title="Heinrich Rose">Heinrich Rose</a>, dass Niob- und Tantalsäure unterschiedliche Stoffe sind. Nicht um die Arbeiten Hatchetts und dessen Namensgebung wissend, benannte er das wiederentdeckte Element aufgrund dessen Ähnlichkeit mit Tantal nach <a href="/wiki/Niobe_(Mythologie)" title="Niobe (Mythologie)">Niobe</a>, der Tochter des <a href="/wiki/Tantalos" title="Tantalos">Tantalos</a>. </p><p>1864 gelang <a href="/wiki/Christian_Wilhelm_Blomstrand" title="Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand">Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand</a> die Herstellung von metallischem Niob durch <a href="/wiki/Reduktion_(Chemie)" title="Reduktion (Chemie)">Reduktion</a> von Niobchlorid mit <a href="/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">Wasserstoff</a> in der Hitze. 1866 bestätigte <a href="/wiki/Jean_Charles_Galissard_de_Marignac" title="Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac">Charles Marignac</a> Tantal als eigenständiges Element. </p><p>1907 stellte <a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Bolton" title="Werner von Bolton">Werner von Bolton</a> durch Reduktion eines Heptafluoroniobats mit Natrium sehr reines Niob her.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Erst nach 100 Jahren Auseinandersetzung legte die <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</a> (IUPAC) 1950 <i>Niob</i> als offizielle Bezeichnung des Elements fest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vorkommen">Vorkommen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Vorkommen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Vorkommen"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Columbit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Columbit.jpg/170px-Columbit.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Columbit.jpg/255px-Columbit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Columbit.jpg/340px-Columbit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption>Columbit aus Madagaskar</figcaption></figure> <p>Niob ist ein seltenes Element mit einem Anteil an der <a href="/wiki/Erdkruste" title="Erdkruste">Erdkruste</a> von 1,8·10<sup>−3</sup> %.<sup id="cite_ref-dtv_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dtv-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es kommt nicht <a href="/wiki/Gediegen" title="Gediegen">gediegen</a> vor. Aufgrund der ähnlichen <a href="/wiki/Ionenradius" title="Ionenradius">Ionenradien</a> kommen Niob und Tantal immer verschwistert vor. Die wichtigsten Niob-<a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">Minerale</a> sind Vertreter der Columbit-Tantalit-Mischkristallreihen mit der allgemeinen Formel (<a href="/wiki/Eisen" title="Eisen">Fe</a>,<a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a>)(Nb,<a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a>)<sub>2</sub><a href="/wiki/Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">O</a><sub>6</sub>, die je nach Dominanz von Niob oder Tantal als <i>Columbit</i> (Mischkristallreihe Columbit-(Fe) – Columbit-(Mn)) oder <i>Tantalit</i> (Mischkristallreihe Tantalit-(Fe) – Tantalit-(Mn)) bezeichnet werden, sowie Vertreter der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrochlorgruppe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrochlorgruppe (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Pyrochlorgruppe</a> innerhalb der Pyrochlor-Obergruppe. Etwa 85–90 % der Niob-Industrie verwendet Niob aus Lagerstätten, aus denen keine Tantal-Erze gewonnen werden. </p><p>Die wichtigsten erschlossenen Vorkommen von <i>Pyrochlor</i> befinden sich in <a href="/wiki/Brasilien" title="Brasilien">Brasilien</a>. Die Lagerstätten bei <a href="/wiki/Arax%C3%A1" title="Araxá">Araxá</a> werden von der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Companhia_Brasileira_de_Metalurgia_e_Minera%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração</a> (CBMM) bewirtschaftet und sollen mit geschätzten Reserven von 460 Mio. Tonnen ausreichen, um den Weltbedarf an Niob für die nächsten 500 Jahre zu decken. Eine weitere brasilianische Lagerstätte mit Reserven von ca. 18 Mio. Tonnen Niob wird von der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Catal%C3%A3o_de_Goias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mineração Catalão de Goias (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Mineração Catalão de Goias</a> geführt. Die vermutlich größten Vorkommen bei <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Gabriel_da_Cachoeira" title="São Gabriel da Cachoeira">São Gabriel da Cachoeira</a> sind aufgrund ihrer Lage im Nationalpark <a href="/wiki/Pico_da_Neblina" title="Pico da Neblina">Pico da Neblina</a> und indigenen Reservaten bislang nicht erschlossen. Die drittgrößte ausgebeutete Lagerstätte der Welt ist die vom Konzern <a href="/wiki/Iamgold" title="Iamgold">Iamgold</a> betriebene Niobec Mine in <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>. Die drei genannten Unternehmen produzieren Ferro-Niob mit einem nominalen Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-Gehalt von 60 % und decken gemeinsam etwa 85 % des Niob-Weltbedarfs. Weitere bedeutende, zum Teil wenig erschlossene Niob-Lagerstätten befinden sich im <a href="/wiki/Lowosero" title="Lowosero">Lowosero</a>-Massiv in Russland und in der Lagerstätte Lueshe in der Provinz <a href="/wiki/Nord-Kivu" title="Nord-Kivu">Nord-Kivu</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Demokratische_Republik_Kongo" title="Demokratische Republik Kongo">Demokratische Republik Kongo</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Einige Nioberze wie z. B. Columbit-Tantalit (<i>Coltan</i>) wurden 2012 von der US-amerikanischen Börsenaufsicht <a href="/wiki/United_States_Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="United States Securities and Exchange Commission">SEC</a> als so genanntes <i><a href="/wiki/Konfliktmineral" class="mw-redirect" title="Konfliktmineral">Konfliktmineral</a></i> eingestuft,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dessen Verwendung für Unternehmen gegenüber der SEC berichtspflichtig ist. Als Grund hierfür werden die Produktionsorte im Osten des Kongo angeführt, die von Rebellen kontrolliert werden und so im Verdacht stehen, bewaffnete Konflikte mitzufinanzieren.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Weitere, meist seltene Minerale sind: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euxenit" class="mw-redirect" title="Euxenit">Euxenit</a> [(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb, Ta, Ti)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmsteadit" title="Olmsteadit">Olmsteadit</a> (KFe<sub>2</sub>(Nb,Ta)[O|PO<sub>4</sub>]<sub>2</sub> · H<sub>2</sub>O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarskit" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarskit">Samarskit</a> ((Y,Er)<sub>4</sub>[(Nb,Ta)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>]<sub>3</sub>)</li></ul> <p>Die weltweiten Abbaumengen tabellarisch dargestellt:<sup id="cite_ref-BMLRT_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMLRT-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Land </th> <th>2019 </th> <th>2020 </th> <th>Reserven<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_2022_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs_2022-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center">(in <a href="/wiki/Tonne_(Einheit)" title="Tonne (Einheit)">Tonnen Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none">Brasilien</span><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brasilien" title="Brasilien"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Brasilien" title="Brasilien">Brasilien</a></td> <td>127.220</td> <td>85.572</td> <td>16.000.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none">Burundi</span><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/20px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/30px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/40px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>n.bek </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none;">China Volksrepublik</span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Volksrepublik_China" title="Volksrepublik China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Volksrepublik_China" title="Volksrepublik China">Volksrepublik China</a></td> <td>20</td> <td>30</td> <td>n.bek </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none">Kanada</span><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></td> <td>6.800</td> <td>6.400</td> <td>1.600.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none;">Kongo Demokratische Republik</span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Demokratische_Republik_Kongo" title="Demokratische Republik Kongo"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Demokratische_Republik_Kongo" title="Demokratische Republik Kongo">Demokratische Republik Kongo</a></td> <td>433</td> <td>565</td> <td>n.bek </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none">Athiopien</span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%84thiopien" title="Äthiopien"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%84thiopien" title="Äthiopien">Äthiopien</a></td> <td>14</td> <td>11</td> <td>n.bek </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none">Mosambik</span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/20px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik">Mosambik</a></td> <td>11</td> <td>17</td> <td>n.bek </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none">Nigeria</span><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td> <td>170</td> <td>80</td> <td>n.bek </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none">Russland</span><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a></span></td> <td>659</td> <td>617</td> <td>n.bek </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none">Ruanda</span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/20px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/30px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/40px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda">Ruanda</a></td> <td>205</td> <td>260</td> <td>n.bek </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none">Uganda</span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/20px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/40px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>52</td> <td>n.bek </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="display:none">Vereinigte Staaten</span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten">Vereinigte Staaten</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>170.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Gesamt</b></td> <td><b>135.539</b></td> <td><b>93.509</b></td> <td>n.bek. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gewinnung_und_Darstellung">Gewinnung und Darstellung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Gewinnung und Darstellung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Gewinnung und Darstellung"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Niobium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Niobium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/220px-Niobium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Niobium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/330px-Niobium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Niobium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/440px-Niobium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5356" data-file-height="3229" /></a><figcaption>Niob-Kristalle, elektrolytisch hergestellt</figcaption></figure> <p>Da Niob und Tantal immer zusammen vorkommen, werden Niob- und Tantalerze zunächst gemeinsam aufgeschlossen und anschließend durch fraktionierte <a href="/wiki/Kristallisation" title="Kristallisation">Kristallisation</a> oder unterschiedliche <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6slichkeit" title="Löslichkeit">Löslichkeit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Organische_Chemie" title="Organische Chemie">organischen</a> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6sungsmittel" title="Lösungsmittel">Lösungsmitteln</a> getrennt. Das erste industrielle Trennverfahren solcherart wurde 1866 von Charles Marignac entwickelt. </p><p>Zunächst werden die Erze einem Gemisch von konzentrierter <a href="/wiki/Schwefels%C3%A4ure" title="Schwefelsäure">Schwefel-</a> und <a href="/wiki/Flusss%C3%A4ure" title="Flusssäure">Flusssäure</a> bei 50–80 °C ausgesetzt. Dabei bilden sich die komplexen Fluoride [NbF<sub>7</sub>]<sup>2−</sup> und [TaF<sub>7</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>, die leicht löslich sind. </p><p>Durch Überführung in eine wässrige Phase und Zugabe von <a href="/wiki/Kaliumfluorid" title="Kaliumfluorid">Kaliumfluorid</a> können die Dikalium-Salze dieser Fluoride (z. B. <a href="/wiki/Kaliumheptafluoroniobat" title="Kaliumheptafluoroniobat">Kaliumheptafluoroniobat</a>) gebildet werden. Dabei ist nur das <a href="/wiki/Tantal(V)-fluorid" title="Tantal(V)-fluorid">Tantalfluorid</a> in Wasser schwer löslich und fällt aus. Das leicht lösliche <a href="/wiki/Niob(V)-fluorid" title="Niob(V)-fluorid">Niobfluorid</a> kann so vom Tantal getrennt werden. Heutzutage ist aber eine Trennung durch Extraktion mit <a href="/wiki/Methylisobutylketon" title="Methylisobutylketon">Methylisobutylketon</a> üblich. Eine dritte Möglichkeit der Trennung ist die durch <a href="/wiki/Fraktionierte_Destillation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraktionierte Destillation">fraktionierte Destillation</a> der <a href="/wiki/Chloride" title="Chloride">Chloride</a> NbCl<sub>5</sub> und TaCl<sub>5</sub>. Diese sind durch Reaktion von Erzen, <a href="/wiki/Koks" title="Koks">Koks</a> und <a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor">Chlor</a> bei hohen Temperaturen darstellbar.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aus dem abgetrennten Niobfluorid wird durch Reaktion mit <a href="/wiki/Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">Sauerstoff</a> zunächst <a href="/wiki/Niob(V)-oxid" title="Niob(V)-oxid">Niobpentoxid</a> hergestellt. Dieses wird entweder mit <a href="/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff">Kohlenstoff</a> zunächst zu <a href="/wiki/Niobcarbid" title="Niobcarbid">Niobcarbid</a> umgesetzt und dann mit weiterem Niobpentoxid bei 2000 °C im <a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">Vakuum</a> zum <a href="/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle">Metall</a> <a href="/wiki/Reduktion_(Chemie)" title="Reduktion (Chemie)">reduziert</a> oder direkt <a href="/wiki/Aluminothermie" title="Aluminothermie">aluminothermisch</a> gewonnen. Der größte Teil des Niob für die Stahlindustrie wird so produziert, dabei wird noch Eisenoxid zugesetzt, um eine Eisen-Niob-Legierung (60 % Niob) zu erhalten. Werden Halogenide als Ausgangsstoff für die Reduktion eingesetzt, geschieht dies mit <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Natrium</a> als Reduktionsmittel. </p><p>Die Jahresproduktion lag 2006 bei fast 60.000 t,<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 90 % davon wurden in Brasilien gefördert. 2013 betrug die Gesamtmenge des produzierten Niobs 59.400 Tonnen; Hauptproduzenten waren Brasilien (53.100 t) und Kanada (5.260 t). Der <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a> gibt als US-Importpreise für eine Eisen-Niob-Legierung (<i>Ferroniobium</i> mit einem Anteil von 65 % Niob) 37.781 <a href="/wiki/US-Dollar" title="US-Dollar">USD</a> je Tonne im Jahre 2010 und 43.415 USD je Tonne für 2013 an.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_2015_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs_2015-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Eigenschaften" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Eigenschaften"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Niobium_metal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Niobium_metal.jpg/220px-Niobium_metal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Niobium_metal.jpg/330px-Niobium_metal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Niobium_metal.jpg/440px-Niobium_metal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="1209" /></a><figcaption>Niob-Streifen</figcaption></figure> <p>Niob ist ein grau glänzendes, <a href="/wiki/Duktilit%C3%A4t" title="Duktilität">duktiles</a> Schwermetall. Bekannt sind die <a href="/wiki/Oxidationszahl" title="Oxidationszahl">Oxidationsstufen</a> −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5. Wie beim <a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">Vanadium</a>, das im Periodensystem über dem Niob steht, ist die Stufe +5 am beständigsten. Das chemische Verhalten des Niobs ist fast identisch mit dem des <a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Tantals</a>, das im Periodensystem direkt unter Niob steht. </p><p>Infolge der Ausbildung einer Passivschicht (Schutzschicht) ist Niob an der Luft sehr beständig. Die meisten Säuren greifen es bei Raumtemperatur daher nicht an. Nur <a href="/wiki/Flusss%C3%A4ure" title="Flusssäure">Flusssäure</a>, vor allem im Gemisch mit <a href="/wiki/Salpeters%C3%A4ure" title="Salpetersäure">Salpetersäure</a>, sowie heiße konzentrierte <a href="/wiki/Schwefels%C3%A4ure" title="Schwefelsäure">Schwefelsäure</a> korrodieren metallisches Niob rasch. In heißen Alkalien ist Niob ebenfalls unbeständig, da sie die Passivschicht auflösen. Bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 200 °C beginnt es in Gegenwart von Sauerstoff zu oxidieren. Eine schweißtechnische Bearbeitung von Niob muss wegen seiner Unbeständigkeit an der Luft unter <a href="/wiki/Schutzgas" title="Schutzgas">Schutzgasatmosphäre</a> ablaufen.<sup id="cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harry_H._Binder-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Der Zusatz von <a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">Wolfram</a> und <a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän">Molybdän</a> zu Niob erhöht seine Hitzebeständigkeit, <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> seine Festigkeit. </p><p>Niob wird unterhalb von 9,26 K <a href="/wiki/Supraleiter" title="Supraleiter">supraleitend</a> und ist damit das supraleitende Element mit der höchsten <a href="/wiki/Sprungtemperatur" title="Sprungtemperatur">Sprungtemperatur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AshcroftMermin_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AshcroftMermin-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Niob nimmt leicht Gase auf, so kann ein Gramm Niob bei Raumtemperatur 100 cm³ <a href="/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">Wasserstoff</a> aufnehmen, was früher in der <a href="/wiki/Vakuumr%C3%B6hre" class="mw-redirect" title="Vakuumröhre">Vakuumröhrentechnik</a> ausgenutzt wurde. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Verwendung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Verwendung"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Desy_tesla_cavity01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Desy_tesla_cavity01.jpg/220px-Desy_tesla_cavity01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Desy_tesla_cavity01.jpg/330px-Desy_tesla_cavity01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Desy_tesla_cavity01.jpg/440px-Desy_tesla_cavity01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Supraleitende <a href="/wiki/Hohlraumresonator" title="Hohlraumresonator">Kavität</a> aus hochreinem Niob für den Freie-Elektronen-Laser <a href="/wiki/FLASH_(Teilchenbeschleuniger)" title="FLASH (Teilchenbeschleuniger)">FLASH</a> am <a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Elektronen-Synchrotron" title="Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron">DESY</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Niob wird als Legierungszusatz für rostfreie Stähle, Sonderedelstähle (z. B. Rohre für die Salzsäureproduktion) und Nichteisenlegierungen verwendet, da sich niob-legierte Werkstoffe durch eine erhöhte mechanische Festigkeit auszeichnen. Bereits in Konzentrationen von 0,01 bis 0,1 Massenprozent kann Niob in Kombination mit <a href="/wiki/Thermomechanisches_Verfahren" title="Thermomechanisches Verfahren">thermomechanischem Walzen</a> die <a href="/wiki/Festigkeit" title="Festigkeit">Festigkeit</a> und <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A4higkeit" title="Zähigkeit">Zähigkeit</a> von Stahl wesentlich steigern. Erste Versuche zur Verwendung von Niob als Legierungselement (Ersatz von <a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">Wolfram</a>) fanden 1925 in den USA statt. Solcherart veredelte Stähle werden häufig im Rohrleitungsbau (Pipeline construction) eingesetzt. Als starker Karbidbildner wird Niob auch in Schweißzusatzwerkstoffen zum Abbinden von Kohlenstoff zulegiert. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:25_Euro_%C3%96sterreich_2012_Bionik_a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/25_Euro_%C3%96sterreich_2012_Bionik_a.jpg/220px-25_Euro_%C3%96sterreich_2012_Bionik_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/25_Euro_%C3%96sterreich_2012_Bionik_a.jpg/330px-25_Euro_%C3%96sterreich_2012_Bionik_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/25_Euro_%C3%96sterreich_2012_Bionik_a.jpg/440px-25_Euro_%C3%96sterreich_2012_Bionik_a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="880" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnze_%C3%96sterreich" title="Münze Österreich">Münze Österreich</a> prägt <a href="/wiki/25-Euro-Bimetallm%C3%BCnze" title="25-Euro-Bimetallmünze">25 Euro Bimetallmünzen</a> mit einem Niobkern.</figcaption></figure> <p>Als weitere Verwendungen sind anzuführen: </p> <ul><li>Anwendung in der Nukleartechnik wegen des niedrigen <a href="/wiki/Einfangquerschnitt" class="mw-redirect" title="Einfangquerschnitt">Einfangquerschnitts</a> für <a href="/wiki/Thermische_Neutronen" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermische Neutronen">thermische Neutronen</a>.</li> <li>Herstellung niobstabilisierter Schweißelektroden als Schweißzusatz für <a href="/wiki/Edelstahl" title="Edelstahl">Edelstähle</a>, Sonderedelstähle und <a href="/wiki/Nickellegierung" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickellegierung">Nickelbasislegierungen</a>.</li> <li>Wegen seiner bläulichen Farbe wird es für <a href="/wiki/Piercingschmuck" title="Piercingschmuck">Piercingschmuck</a> und zur Herstellung von Schmuckwaren genutzt.</li> <li>In Aluminiumlegierungen dient es der Herstellung von leichten aber steifen Bauteilen und Fahrzeugen, beispielsweise Felgen bei Fahrrädern.</li> <li>Bei Münzen mit Niob (Bimetall-Münzen) kann die Farbe des Niob-Kerns durch physikalische Verfahren stark variieren (z. B. bei <a href="/wiki/25-Euro-Bimetallm%C3%BCnze" title="25-Euro-Bimetallmünze">25-Euro-Münzen</a> aus Österreich).</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Apollo_CSM_lunar_orbit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Apollo_CSM_lunar_orbit.jpg/220px-Apollo_CSM_lunar_orbit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Apollo_CSM_lunar_orbit.jpg/330px-Apollo_CSM_lunar_orbit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Apollo_CSM_lunar_orbit.jpg/440px-Apollo_CSM_lunar_orbit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="904" /></a><figcaption>Der schwarze Teil der Raketendüse besteht aus einer Niob-Titan-Legierung</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Nennenswerte Mengen werden als Ferroniob und Nickelniob in der metallurgischen Industrie zur Herstellung von <a href="/wiki/Superlegierung" title="Superlegierung">Superlegierungen</a> (Nickel-, Cobalt- und Eisenbasislegierungen) eingesetzt. Hieraus werden statische Teile für stationäre und fliegende Gasturbinen, Raketenteile und hitzebeständige Komponenten für den Ofenbau hergestellt.</li> <li>Niob wird als Anodenmaterial in <a href="/wiki/Niob-Elektrolytkondensator" title="Niob-Elektrolytkondensator">Niob-Elektrolytkondensatoren</a> eingesetzt. Ein Oxid des Niobs, Niob(V)-oxid, besitzt eine hohe Spannungsfestigkeit. Es wird in einem sog. Formierverfahren auf der Oberfläche der Niobanode aufgebracht und dient in diesem Kondensator als Dielektrikum. Niob-Elektrolytkondensatoren stehen im Wettbewerb mit den bekannteren <a href="/wiki/Tantal-Elektrolytkondensator" title="Tantal-Elektrolytkondensator">Tantal-Elektrolytkondensatoren</a>.</li> <li>Werden die Glaskolben von <a href="/wiki/Halogengl%C3%BChlampe" class="mw-redirect" title="Halogenglühlampe">Halogenglühlampen</a> außen mit z. B. Niob bedampft, wird dadurch ein Teil der Wärmestrahlung der Wolframglühwendel zurück nach innen reflektiert. Dadurch kann bei niedrigerem Energieverbrauch eine höhere Betriebstemperatur und somit größere Lichtausbeute erzielt werden.</li> <li>Als <a href="/wiki/Katalysator" title="Katalysator">Katalysator</a> (z. B. bei der Salzsäureproduktion, bei der <a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">Biodiesel</a>-Synthese<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und bei der Produktion von Alkoholen aus Butadien).</li> <li>Als <a href="/wiki/Kaliumniobat" title="Kaliumniobat">Kaliumniobat</a> (chemische Verbindung aus Kalium, Niob und Sauerstoff), das als Einkristall in der Lasertechnik und für nichtlineare optische Systeme Verwendung findet und</li> <li>Verwendung als Elektrodenmaterial für <a href="/wiki/Natriumdampflampe#Hochdrucklampe" title="Natriumdampflampe">Natriumdampf-Hochdrucklampen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supraleitung" class="mw-redirect" title="Supraleitung">Supraleitung</a>: Bei Temperaturen unterhalb von 9,5 K ist reines Niob ein <a href="/wiki/Supraleiter" title="Supraleiter">Supraleiter</a> des Typs II. Nioblegierungen (mit N, O, Sn, AlGe, Ge) gehören neben den reinen Elementen Niob, Vanadium und <a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Technetium</a> zu den Stoffen, die Typ-II-Supraleiter sind: Die <a href="/wiki/Sprungtemperatur" title="Sprungtemperatur">Sprungtemperaturen</a> dieser Legierungen liegen zwischen 18,05 K (<a href="/wiki/Niobzinn" title="Niobzinn">Niobzinn</a> Nb<sub>3</sub>Sn) und 23,2 K (<a href="/wiki/Niobgermanium" title="Niobgermanium">Niobgermanium</a> Nb<sub>3</sub>Ge). Aus Niob gefertigte supraleitende <a href="/wiki/Hohlraumresonator" title="Hohlraumresonator">Hohlraumresonatoren</a> werden in <a href="/wiki/Teilchenbeschleuniger" title="Teilchenbeschleuniger">Teilchenbeschleunigern</a> (u. a. <a href="/wiki/XFEL" class="mw-redirect" title="XFEL">XFEL</a> und <a href="/wiki/FLASH_(Teilchenbeschleuniger)" title="FLASH (Teilchenbeschleuniger)">FLASH</a> am <a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Elektronen-Synchrotron" title="Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron">DESY</a> in Hamburg) eingesetzt. – Zur Erzeugung hoher <a href="/wiki/Magnetismus" title="Magnetismus">Magnetfelder</a> bis etwa 20 Tesla werden supraleitende Magnetspulen mit Drähten aus Niob-Zinn oder Niob-Titan eingesetzt, z. B. im Fusions-Versuchsreaktor <a href="/wiki/ITER" title="ITER">ITER</a> 600 t Niob-Zinn und 250 t Niob-Titan. Auch die supraleitenden Magnetspulen des <a href="/wiki/Large_Hadron_Collider" title="Large Hadron Collider">LHC</a> bestehen aus Nioblegierungen.</li> <li>Niob wird aufgrund seiner <a href="/wiki/Biokompatibilit%C3%A4t" title="Biokompatibilität">Biokompatibilität</a> zur Oberflächenbeschichtung von Implantaten verwendet.</li> <li>Um der <a href="/wiki/Interkristalline_Korrosion" title="Interkristalline Korrosion">interkristallinen Korrosion</a> entgegenzuwirken, wird Niob als Legierungselement in Cr-Stählen verwendet. Dazu sollte es mindestens in zwölffacher Konzentration gegenüber Kohlenstoff vorliegen. Niob bildet schneller Karbide als Chrom. Daher kommt es nicht zur Entstehung chromreicher Karbide, welche bedeuten würden, dass woanders im Gefüge chromverarmte Bereiche entstehen.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sicherheitshinweise">Sicherheitshinweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Sicherheitshinweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Sicherheitshinweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Niob gilt zwar als nicht toxisch, jedoch irritiert metallischer Niobstaub Augen und Haut. Niobstaub ist leicht entzündlich. </p><p>Eine physiologische Wirkungsweise des Niobs ist unbekannt.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Literatur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Literatur"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Breuer_(Physiker)" title="Hans Breuer (Physiker)">Hans Breuer</a>: <i>dtv-Atlas Chemie.</i> 9. Auflage. Band 1, dtv-Verlag, 2000, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3423032170" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-423-03217-0</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Binnewies" class="mw-redirect" title="M. Binnewies">M. Binnewies</a>: <i>Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie.</i> 1. Auflage. Spektrum Verlag, 2004, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3827402085" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-8274-0208-5</a>.</li> <li>Sergeij Venetzkij: <i>Erzählungen über Metalle</i>. 3., durchges. Auflage. Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, 1988, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3342003243" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-342-00324-3</a>.</li> <li>Rudolf Riedelbauch: <i>Untersuchungen über metallisches Vanadin, Niob und Tantal.</i> <a href="/wiki/Dissertation" title="Dissertation">Dissertation</a>. München 1907.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kittel" title="Charles Kittel">Charles Kittel</a>: <i>Einführung in die Festkörperphysik.</i> 9. Auflage. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1991, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3486220187" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-486-22018-7</a>.</li> <li>Harry H. Binder: <i>Lexikon der chemischen Elemente – das Periodensystem in Fakten, Zahlen und Daten.</i> Hirzel, Stuttgart 1999, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3777607363" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7776-0736-3</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rose" title="Heinrich Rose">Heinrich Rose</a>: <i>Ueber die Zusammensetzung der Tantalite und ein im Tantalite von Baiern enthaltenes neues Metall</i>. In: <i>Annalen der Physik und Chemie</i>, Band 145, Joh. Ambr. Barth, Leipzig 1846, S. 115; <a href="https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Ueber_die_Zusammensetzung_der_Tantalite_und_ein_im_Tantalite_von_Baiern_enthaltenes_neues_Metall" class="extiw" title="s:Ueber die Zusammensetzung der Tantalite und ein im Tantalite von Baiern enthaltenes neues Metall">Volltext</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Niobium?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Niob</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/16px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/24px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/32px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span><b><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Niob" class="extiw" title="wikt:Niob">Wiktionary: Niob</a></b> – Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pniok.de/nb.htm">kristallines Niob als Abbildung in der Elementesammlung von Heinrich Pniok</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&action=edit&section=9" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Harry_H._Binder-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Harry H. Binder: <i>Lexikon der chemischen Elemente.</i> S. Hirzel Verlag 1999, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3777607363" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7776-0736-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die Werte der atomaren und physikalischen Eigenschaften (Infobox) sind aus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/niobium/">webelements.com (Niob)</a> entnommen.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights: <i>Standard Atomic Weights of 14 Chemical Elements Revised.</i> In: <i>Chemistry International.</i> 40, 2018, S. 23, <a href="//doi.org/10.1515/ci-2018-0409" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1515/ci-2018-0409">doi:10.1515/ci-2018-0409</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIST-ASD-niobium-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-niobium_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-niobium_4-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-niobium_4-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-niobium_4-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-niobium_4-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/ASD/ie.pl?spectra=niobium&units=1&e_out=0&unc_out=1&at_num_out=1&el_name_out=1&ion_charge_out=1&biblio=1"><i>niobium</i></a> in Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Yu., Reader, J. und NIST ASD Team (2019): <cite style="font-style:italic">NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.7.1)</cite>. Hrsg.: <a href="/wiki/NIST" class="mw-redirect" title="NIST">NIST</a>, Gaithersburg, MD. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18434/T4W30F">10.18434/T4W30F</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/asd">physics.nist.gov/asd</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Niob&rft.au=Kramida%2C+A.%2C+Ralchenko%2C+...&rft.btitle=NIST+Atomic+Spectra+Database+%28ver.+5.7.1%29&rft.doi=10.18434%2FT4W30F&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span> Abgerufen am 11. Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Webelements-niobium-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-niobium_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-niobium_5-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-niobium_5-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-niobium_5-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-niobium_5-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/niobium/atoms.html"><i>niobium</i></a> bei <i>WebElements, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com">www.webelements.com</a></i>, abgerufen am 11. Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw: <i>Chemie der Elemente.</i> 1. Auflage. 1988, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3527261699" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-527-26169-9</a>, S. 1260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert C. Weast (Hrsg.): <i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i>. CRC (Chemical Rubber Publishing Company), Boca Raton 1990, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0849304709" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8493-0470-9</a>, S. E-129 bis E-145. Werte dort sind auf g/mol bezogen und in cgs-Einheiten angegeben. Der hier angegebene Wert ist der daraus berechnete maßeinheitslose SI-Wert.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhang-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_8-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_8-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Yiming Zhang, Julian R. G. Evans, Shoufeng Yang: <i>Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks.</i> In: <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Chemical_%26_Engineering_Data" title="Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data">Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data</a>.</i> 56, 2011, S. 328–337, <a href="//doi.org/10.1021/je1011086" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1021/je1011086">doi:10.1021/je1011086</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GESTIS-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_9-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gestis.dguv.de/data?name=007410">Niob (Pulver)</a></span> in der <a href="/wiki/GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank" title="GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank">GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank</a> des <a href="/wiki/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Arbeitsschutz_der_Deutschen_Gesetzlichen_Unfallversicherung" title="Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung">IFA</a>, abgerufen am 9. November 2021.<small class="noscript"><span></span> (JavaScript erforderlich)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/Loparit" class="extiw" title="mineralienatlas:Loparit">Mineralienatlas:Loparit</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andere Ansicht: Benannt nach <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a>, dem Entdecker Amerikas. Columbia (und der <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>) wurden nach Columbus benannt.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_F._Holleman" title="Arnold F. Holleman">A. F. Holleman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egon_Wiberg" title="Egon Wiberg">E. Wiberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nils_Wiberg" title="Nils Wiberg">N. Wiberg</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Holleman-Wiberg_Lehrbuch_der_Anorganischen_Chemie" title="Holleman-Wiberg Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie">Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</a>.</i> 102. Auflage. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783110177701" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1</a>, S. 1553.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dtv-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-dtv_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>dtv-Atlas Chemie.</i> Band 1, dtv-Verlag, 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/Mineralienportrait/Tantal,%20Niob%20und%20Coltan/Niob-Lagerst%E4tten"><i>Niob-Lagerstätten</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/rules/final/2012/34-67716.pdf"><i>Conflict Minerals - Final Rule.</i></a> (PDF; 2SEC: ) SEC, 2012, S. 34 f. (englisch)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/news/press/2012/2012-163.htm"><i>SEC Adopts Rule for Disclosing Use of Conflict Minerals.</i></a> (engl.), Zugriff am 3. September 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMLRT-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BMLRT_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.world-mining-data.info/wmd/downloads/PDF/WMD2022.pdf"><i>Niob.</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Bundesministerium_f%C3%BCr_Landwirtschaft,_Regionen_und_Tourismus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesministerium für Landwirtschaft, Regionen und Tourismus">Bundesministerium für Landwirtschaft, Regionen und Tourismus</a> Seite 115,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 17. Juni 2022</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ANiob&rft.title=Niob&rft.description=Niob&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-mining-data.info%2Fwmd%2Fdownloads%2FPDF%2FWMD2022.pdf&rft.publisher=%5B%5BBundesministerium+f%C3%BCr+Landwirtschaft%2C+Regionen+und+Tourismus%5D%5D+Seite+115"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usgs_2022-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-usgs_2022_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2022/mcs2022-niobium.pdf">U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2022: NIOBIUM</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Joachim Eckert: <i>Niobium and Niobium Compounds.</i> In: <i>Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.</i> Wiley-VCH, 2000, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a17_251">10.1002/14356007.a17_251</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usgs-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-usgs_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/niobium/colummcs07.pdf">Niob bei usgs.gov</a> (PDF; 61 kB).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usgs_2015-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-usgs_2015_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2015/mcs2015.pdf"><i>Mineral Commodity Summaries 2015.</i></a> (PDF; 2,3 MB) <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">S. 110–111</span>,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 7. Oktober 2015</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ANiob&rft.title=Mineral+Commodity+Summaries+2015&rft.description=Mineral+Commodity+Summaries+2015&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fmcs%2F2015%2Fmcs2015.pdf&rft.publisher=%5B%5BUnited+States+Geological+Survey%7CUSGS%5D%5D&rft.language=en"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AshcroftMermin-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AshcroftMermin_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Ashcroft" title="Neil Ashcroft">Neil Ashcroft</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Mermin" class="mw-redirect" title="David Mermin">David Mermin</a>: <cite style="font-style:italic">Solid State Physics</cite>. Saunders College, 1976, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0030839939" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-03-083993-9</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Niob&rft.au=Neil+Ashcroft%2C+David+Mermin&rft.btitle=Solid+State+Physics&rft.date=1976&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0030839939&rft.pub=Saunders+College" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. A. Deshmane, J. B. Jasinski, P. Ratnasamy, M. A. Carreon: <i>Synthesis and catalytic properties of mesoporous, bifunctional, gallium-niobium mixed oxides.</i> In: <i>Chem Commun (Camb).</i> 46(34), 14. Sep 2010, S. 6347–6349. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20714564?dopt=Abstract">PMID 20714564</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas J. Haley, N. Komesu, K. Raymond: <cite style="font-style:italic">Pharmacology and toxicology of niobium chloride</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="/wiki/Toxicology_and_Applied_Pharmacology" title="Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology">Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, 1962, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>385–392</span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X%2862%2990048-0">10.1016/0041-008X(62)90048-0</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13903824?dopt=Abstract">PMID 13903824</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Niob&rft.atitle=Pharmacology+and+toxicology+of+niobium+chloride&rft.au=Thomas+J.+Haley%2C+N.+Komesu%2C+K.+Raymond&rft.date=1962&rft.doi=10.1016%2F0041-008X%2862%2990048-0&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.pages=385-392&rft.pmid=13903824&rft.volume=4" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry A. Schroeder, Marian Mitchener, Alexis P. Nason: <cite style="font-style:italic">Zirconium, Niobium, Antimony, Vanadium and Lead in Rats: Life term studies</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Nutrition</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>100</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, 1970, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>59–68</span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5412131?dopt=Abstract">PMID 5412131</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Niob&rft.atitle=Zirconium%2C+Niobium%2C+Antimony%2C+Vanadium+and+Lead+in+Rats%3A+Life+term+studies&rft.au=Henry+A.+Schroeder%2C+Marian+Mitchener%2C+Alexis+P.+Nason&rft.date=1970&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nutrition&rft.pages=59-68&rft.pmid=5412131&rft.volume=100" style="display:none"> </span></span> </li> </ol> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r248673343">.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-right-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-top-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-bottom-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);clear:both;font-size:95%;margin-top:1.5em;min-height:0;padding:2px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.NavPic{float:left;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.NavHead{background-color:var(--dewiki-hintergrundfarbe5);font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+link+div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame+style+div.NavFrame{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .NavToggle{float:right;font-size:x-small}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .NavPic span[typeof="mw:File"] img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .NavPic span[typeof="mw:File"] img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}</style><div class="NavFrame navigation-not-searchable" role="navigation"> <div class="NavHead"><a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> der <a href="/wiki/Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">Elemente</a></div> <div class="NavContent"> <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse; font-size:smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">H</a> </td> <td style="width:93.75%" colspan="30"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor">B</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff">C</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff">N</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">O</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">Si</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor">P</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Schwefel" title="Schwefel">S</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)">Ti</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Eisen" title="Eisen">Fe</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Kupfer" title="Kupfer">Cu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">Zn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Se</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän">Mo</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Silber" title="Silber">Ag</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Zinn" title="Zinn">Sn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod">I</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan">La</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Cer" title="Cer">Ce</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Pr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym">Nd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin">Pt</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Au</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber">Hg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Blei" title="Blei">Pb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">U</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Tenness" title="Tenness">Ts</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" rules="all" style="border:1px solid #fff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#ff4500" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Alkalimetalle" title="Alkalimetalle">Alkalimetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff8c00" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Erdalkalimetalle" title="Erdalkalimetalle">Erdalkalimetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#dda0dd" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a> </td> <td style="background:#da70d6" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Actinoide" title="Actinoide">Actinoide</a> </td> <td style="background:#f08080" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle" title="Übergangsmetalle">Übergangsmetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#a9a9a9" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle">Metalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#cd853f" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Halbmetalle" title="Halbmetalle">Halbmetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#32cd32" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Nichtmetalle" title="Nichtmetalle">Nichtmetalle</a> </td> <td style="background:#f0e68c" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Halogene" title="Halogene">Halogene</a> </td> <td style="background:#87cefa" width="9.1%"><a href="/wiki/Edelgase" title="Edelgase">Edelgase</a> </td> <td style="background:#dcdcdc" width="9%">Chemie unbekannt </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-s" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div> Normdaten (Sachbegriff): <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4042362-1">4042362-1</a></span> <span class="noprint">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lobid.org/gnd/4042362-1">lobid</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB=2.104/SET=1/TTL=1/CMD?retrace=0&trm_old=&ACT=SRCHA&IKT=2999&SRT=RLV&TRM=4042362-1">OGND</a><span class="metadata">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prometheus.lmu.de/gnd/4042362-1">AKS</a></span>)</span> | <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/sh85091993">sh85091993</a></span> | <a href="/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" title="Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlsh/00568530">00568530</a></span> <span class="metadata"></span></div> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&printable=yes" title="Druckansicht dieser Seite [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Druckversion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In anderen Projekten</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Niobium" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1046" title="Link zum verbundenen Objekt im Datenrepositorium [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-Datenobjekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">In anderen Sprachen</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%AE%E1%89%A2%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ኒዮቢየም – Amharisch" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኒዮቢየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio – Aragonesisch" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Niobio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="نيوبيوم – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيوبيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="نيوبيوم – Marokkanisches Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نيوبيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkanisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="نيوبيوم – Ägyptisches Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيوبيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Ägyptisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiu" title="Niobiu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Niobiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobel" title="Niobel – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Niobel" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Aserbaidschanisch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Balinesisch" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobyo" title="Niobyo – Zentralbikolano" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Niobyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Zentralbikolano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Ніобій – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ніобій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Ніоб – Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ніоб" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – Bulgarisch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="नियोबियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नियोबियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="নাইওবিয়াম – Bengalisch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাইওবিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ནེའོ་བྷིམ་། – Tibetisch" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ནེའོ་བྷིམ་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiom" title="Niobiom – Bretonisch" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Niobiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobij" title="Niobij – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Niobij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobi" title="Niobi – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Niobi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Min Dong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Min Dong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyobyo" title="Niyobyo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Niyobyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%A8%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="نیۆبیۆم – Zentralkurdisch" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیۆبیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Zentralkurdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiu" title="Niobiu – Korsisch" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Niobiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niob" title="Niob – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Niob" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – Tschuwaschisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tschuwaschisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiwm" title="Niobiwm – Walisisch" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Niobiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Walisisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Dänisch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Νιόβιο – Griechisch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νιόβιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Griechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobo_(elemento)" title="Niobo (elemento) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Niobo (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Niobio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nioobium" title="Nioobium – Estnisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nioobium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Niobio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85" title="نیوبیم – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیوبیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nioobium" title="Nioobium – Nordfriesisch" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nioobium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Nordfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobi" title="Niobi – Friaulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Niobi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friaulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niaibiam" title="Niaibiam – Irisch" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Niaibiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Gälisch (Schottland)" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gälisch (Schottland)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Niobio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="નાયોબિયમ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નાયોબિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neeobium" title="Neeobium – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Neeobium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ניאוביום – Hebräisch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניאוביום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebräisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="नायोबियम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नायोबियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Fidschi-Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidschi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobij" title="Niobij – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Niobij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyoby%C3%B2m" title="Nyobyòm – Haiti-Kreolisch" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nyobyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haiti-Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B3bium" title="Nióbium – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nióbium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Նիոբիում – Armenisch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիոբիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Niobio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B3b%C3%ADn" title="Níóbín – Isländisch" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Níóbín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Isländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Niobio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AA%E3%83%96" title="ニオブ – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニオブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrni,obi" title="jinmrni,obi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrni,obi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Javanisch" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ნიობიუმი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიობიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C9%A9y%C9%94b%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Nɩyɔbɩyɔm – Kabiyé" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Nɩyɔbɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiyé" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – Kasachisch" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kasachisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ನಿಯೋಬಿಯಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಿಯೋಬಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EB%B8%80" title="나이오븀 – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나이오븀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyoby%C3%BBm" title="Niyobyûm – Kurdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Niyobyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiom" title="Niobiom – Kornisch" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Niobiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – Kirgisisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Latein" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latein" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niob" title="Niob – Luxemburgisch" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Niob" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Limburgisch" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Niobio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Niobio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobis" title="Niobis – Litauisch" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Niobis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litauisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobijs" title="Niobijs – Lettisch" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Niobijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Ниоби – Mokschanisch" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ниоби" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Mokschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B4bioma" title="Niôbioma – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Niôbioma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ниобиум – Mazedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ниобиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Mazedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="നയോബിയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നയോബിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Ниоби – Mongolisch" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ниоби" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="नायोबियम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नायोबियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – Bergmari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Bergmari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Malaiisch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaiisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="နိုင်အိုဘီယမ် – Birmanisch" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နိုင်အိုဘီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nextictepoztli" title="Nextictepoztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Nextictepoztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="नायोबियम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नायोबियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Niederländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niederländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niob" title="Niob – Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Niob" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niob" title="Niob – Norwegisch (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Niob" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B2bi" title="Niòbi – Okzitanisch" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Niòbi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Okzitanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobii" title="Niobii – Olonetzisch" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Niobii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Olonetzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%93%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE" title="ନିଓବିଅମ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନିଓବିଅମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਨਾਇਓਬੀਅਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਇਓਬੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="नायोबियम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="नायोबियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niob" title="Niob – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Niob" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B2bio" title="Niòbio – Piemontesisch" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Niòbio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piemontesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85" title="نیوبیم – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیوبیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="نايوبيوم – Paschtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نايوبيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paschtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B3bio" title="Nióbio – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nióbio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwpiyu" title="Niwpiyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Niwpiyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiu" title="Niobiu – Rumänisch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Niobiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiu" title="Niobiu – Aromunisch" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Niobiu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromunisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="नायोबियम – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नायोबियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B2biu" title="Niòbiu – Sardisch" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Niòbiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiu" title="Niobiu – Sizilianisch" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Niobiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sizilianisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Schottisch" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schottisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobijum" title="Niobijum – Serbokroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Niobijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbokroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B3b" title="Niób – Slowakisch" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Niób" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobij" title="Niobij – Slowenisch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Niobij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slowenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyobiyaam" title="Niyobiyaam – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Niyobiyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiumi" title="Niobiumi – Albanisch" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Niobiumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ниобијум – Serbisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ниобијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Sundanesisch" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niob" title="Niob – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Niob" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobi" title="Niobi – Suaheli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Niobi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suaheli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நையோபியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நையோபியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="నియోబియం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నియోబియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – Tadschikisch" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadschikisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ไนโอเบียม – Thailändisch" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไนโอเบียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailändisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyobyo" title="Niyobyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Niyobyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyobyum" title="Niyobyum – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Niyobyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ниобий – Tatarisch" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ниобий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%89%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%8A" title="نىئوبىي – Uigurisch" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نىئوبىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uigurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Ніобій – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ніобій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="نیوبیئم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیوبیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobiy" title="Niobiy – Usbekisch" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Niobiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Usbekisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobii" title="Niobii – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Niobii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobi" title="Niobi – Vietnamesisch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Niobi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobyo" title="Niobyo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Niobyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铌" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ниобиум – Kalmückisch" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Ниобиум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmückisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ניאביום – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ניאביום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌 – Chinesisch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%88%AE" title="鈮 – Klassisches Chinesisch" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鈮" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassisches Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Niobium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%88%AE" title="鈮 – Kantonesisch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鈮" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INobo" title="INobo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INobo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" 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