CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134d7f679fd81aa',cH: 'cdQM8EJPfef7pPNVv4hxX02zndm9shoWoIn_gQ9A2LM-1739785516-1.2.1.1-_SFG_z5eXiHoroyZQ2JxVKthRazGiKx5Bf8jdXHeuHUVbodtXledx7MwhSWIxA.S',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=photovoltaic%20system&page=592&__cf_chl_tk=pJDk.0tXcwHNfGTcpoPlVmn6sX928Ya.GNc3ER9KLT4-1739785516-1.0.1.1-41x_qDQOWqivUhXj3ApeKZWVBhV1ICXvHWiIkalozaY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739785516',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=photovoltaic%20system&page=592&__cf_chl_f_tk=pJDk.0tXcwHNfGTcpoPlVmn6sX928Ya.GNc3ER9KLT4-1739785516-1.0.1.1-41x_qDQOWqivUhXj3ApeKZWVBhV1ICXvHWiIkalozaY",md: "D4.mpEap4cFovnGWWNx5xSceJxlLOQLBXl00cQ5oP9I-1739785516-1.2.1.1-a6CZvkd9utYEkJpT5PFmqyq38SlZzUX_xnWVN42ppuq07p8X1GF3i8GVti1CdtSl7Y.bJ3.KZe91DLr5zMT9CeKc6ovi4IOJ.37YhGlvToU.SQlseRuXn5ErnrEO2kq7nfFnjIyU1IuOliiBwKuf3TMjjRsaRfWE7pYKPCjajQCc51j9R9XHE9xRJyoj7dH2Y2Uy93c4hiNZghXkv2HscWxUHDIbR2x6gf6YdVIEt5dZeDSf8Is62OTmUSnSKMKpxZCVs0eObiv3Eao5FoKU2ibQsoVHxw_8jdmYQafbP6iA_wYzRvnoQxWCIiDjrugVQJBr3WEK61GK1Jw2YLNxqdhfcJpAO9QFTsJVU1V7B0tOwzC4.Y77fQg_EqLfXjxf6.N8TRWLFnDOIm0KhX.sWu0Dhub3_ekGYQ80bvN7y6ZI5dnSmn8UH78LXhncV5YrleRVzFplRAy99CxR3XMeuCc6gcgPt3pF1OFnKM0X1jnFzWP_KzE5NNXPrGzMSV56HR4VBAwhHUtEbww4.O8g6aYBBTsTd7MRkQMwrlCMTdJ4Kc1OCGfDoGPx23IH8oHDOH3effB2FDu1PUUOIso5Oz69o_0jotnoHjYpwG08FTwC3yltQ1OhvpQAbgpCQu1FKj7NAe4CPDsAJjhp1xLNQDW2.3OyCZZpQ1T4ijWME6LStURmMf0Jy9u_mTLPADwZeqsSsFzdjWaWIT_.U9Wu_igXCDUUE9ClBtRDFAyUotE.ujU3LAHjsbwNnWlc7BeOVqYZziD0VXUnDZ3ctabXbfqXU432xesZ.ATuLJC66V4PME5QCUHwGZz1FhRTX9NocTqZIv2xjiCG6UCsEOqh.t57Azp9ZiNsAetfVsMtsDezLR0XYevwq2tk8axIJIfUVK9M_VeHVfieVOv9ZUqt1dRrTnaiveU6uKDfND5CoBHeio58vuuzH80KeA6fYy_5Mb3.L5yEzndh1.mA34Rj0kEaHJAyUKCBTiUsD0dbvg.lakjscxYqzyIFGzkhrEf_wBV_g8D_asmbhUhnSDeG74rSDtpefNVyNaVJiXdRHNBdiCWCQNzNrMaE4wzHRXZH6VCHLD4nfpPX5f4SeIyhM3LjKTSqfynshl2PXj1sdA4BXUspGzWKcTfbrK4cqsIk2wJFjHelVlsQ8H6CGgB4x7.n2_QbLrOerAcIW3l9r3ZqUK3KA1kidA5soMS3qOlzEf3xnSDfSgjD0NBSG.PsTh1ykgQxDJziztsFhJunRTQr7IQbuIoXopg.pDri9HdXKcJQGk.mdxFQAA7SOA5nLzRt_6tDUurRzmxaJPliFd2m2cVmMT6n45w5J_n87rQz.uZGNbDTAKcFJIl.YPB6UIDlg7_StmX6Na.G1GCtNOqNJeD6CcJq9DRvucv.F5kSbw8RjINQNVnZNYZH942tdq_OYWiqOw6RiOvAbIBbmef7RPo_rME6q4KXzwMsOpsvN86Am2v670vpNE8vRhjXlhsODbQTwtS9TM6uffjhM_wYHUbb5WuGR4SGmzyI2Nx6vuPaWXO_yiNOSUTKqgMcdz7rRApS4ad11ZwnGOxYi1UVLt05ffIrN0Hsedup7Z92Y1.9TaLPLchpZElhDyft3WTafNqL4xrljOG2gYWvVkTvVZB2DS_QYWPzgaAWr5aTjvc3RdsE0seXo1Y1IKPZsaUgKza45Kv5dTDVg9grjq249FSSD6OtdBVw7uujYsLGaonQSuYoIV7CgUoWrSJMN1LKnKSlMEalNuDId8nxZKaaYk3VrwxNm0dOahCUGxMqImC0I_MPxurC3QCylWa896D1tNZo7_s50THG0iDAwtSDldGqNegAE_FfV2TwGeMLXV5cFphZ0DpEEa..XU5EMvxTV8HbbRi83B2ngFN6a.P.ChPz0AHzCx93f2JEDJ4upwcMdjIcJ4nvKMi8zWfUSFHJxQjdkflwypnfM4cO38GExqTmTuHKtk7NpAYTJ1zURD4jV.FD79VqfWyYqo2pUw",mdrd: "4MUCti3A0BcLmjx8qmQrWo4EqDoFpBadQUFV6rT8ct8-1739785516-1.2.1.1-mMN3k8UWO7UYvhrfD0nFMjeI8lxD.IukgTFSlrbhfMBocRdsuachlb8zMsBlEee25.leqSZFd5Qk64VtSe5RkLshBAKZnY1yfWjjCdM_v5yvDrlN364Hr7vVFqPnjApeM6WxOPctOJFMwXjBR0IWzWCF0s7SR3_Vg_t6He3oz60zUes8BCV_qd9vl9WI8HDlFNJw151e9w6DH1DSc1SqIBp6q00hwevY.Zsu8_hUvTP3LLBW6DJq9ZiLI6erI2f.EU3ky4Nx598fwlR25vaSg.DbefQzMUlAddoEpSmV4EZnz6YV3r5SuyXp5SZ4_jYoubpz8uIp68Fl3vYa2NzuZb_UsKdCVydNxJnO0SRP01pw.AHTlRG1zQRrjWmVY0wM0cE0TtkXA_CEowq0b6ikz2dya0BM8Xx6XKQI6PfaUIdWGHIzel.u2hjYrDbVMpHy6S3ZcjOC7mEweDtjYArBacU7eDfLrNd_QhLqziJ6_iYvksWjSDVKHwvstAV0zw9nRoeqjfqOPZq3xEO9IAd.oVJkkfQHl0x_gYaL7J6OcZiKhyZAFXqOUQxL2lU62RfOwc34RbDqzt4ZBw3dbAIddXrl.gzPTSyyTu6KX0re1682yxuUmQ_VBlYEJSB0m8lKeqwJAdMR9O4lXYm8tiB1jZdORrAuJeytvQLgI5IlksAWxgOFn3PAsbwDMx58HmeKUcmWEwi2.tnDl23nWasO_rIlAgLmtllj2crnGcuaugQgxJJOhJBon5n1tEy5uvFtFdAi4.tyT_KzeTTckMS8LJgROE5_7.dUrskPSo1D.mcOdSUse_vOw2aas7LBB3lxNEqmjuTqsELs3Ua7JEd.DZ9av8uD8iRRY3tXq.AdstqYU3TuSqnDlcXdV13Kp5igO1oxEdNprHbJa9kQI397js5WRwTZ25wKOT7pH.FqDkOCO8HMOswWgKrqGJghJR3XxTQkwiPdlmxonykDuEIgFs_.WzWopKuBG4i6biOLs8C4gOK4tkONyUkxZW_uBOK8.p3brLxbX3fH.PsgpL7LzcDnBx5Yb_PnrbpRUjXMLeMo.7q_NK1DLVhTGPktJ2KKxertlw_ygdGAaNxkpcDl.D_jpMV2jlkTAL8whd2zVk8DnyUgWclpxQuUNtAqAyauvDgcOl2nu4LsHZtXOh5RoogcnAfJ20oC.4Vf.lSYQIzUQI1I9YQWDFvJ4cnbLijFmXL5Br.pjiFnRTlokq8pWgY5UqaP9dzc9WBsVrafjsO21YTarevJ_i9bnZ7NhEXtwtITwc4YKXd2QExu1604237lLToP0qzKV8R83tMk0vcM82qHsrk1zaIgFpUh.y9Gp5e3.0VhGdhM3y0Y8eWeRP4rhb9ZUuoUBaYyXPqCLNhk1h5gKKNKNyDDfQYBYHX0Tgwh6Asa7As8gljIZP_8kFvsfqD_z7HGy.EMIgADub3XoImHKviahqlq8pcBYQcmhQVCbYX_3fJHviNdh3FkH_WwpWcCAbjZTs7TXU7p_X7XinFrcI4IX0K2N9d3RYnq.SZIwR.vols3suufRHydXgvo8c4sUoOatjSLKVYqLPL6JwtsDfOZCwXxlPSuzpj6hI7Kf..Nj8YjsZ2dbo44zda_p0hYVw6ueluaGLmCYNgQScH_gWaIc2bJn1SbCH2zzB.EvxAFnpbGZSTOMUMx8Bm_xpBed6zBpAsy7VBlkKxocxu_0jj8Fn06cq8v2tACVuo4kUsBrvhscqaWD01kJSdba86R7iVKFal7jTCawVx8lFQIwHQ1JL1sRmiCX8uUEjzdhGU6ZCx87Sorwa3cgr8mLlpCtb9Z025807dOijsYSY9AF.Ks.FVR_I8e.cdwmHMPoLMgTrdjdjXNFdrtiW_8LzZVIM_Su_zBIspzaVZKipBuomJ6sCTakiy_AjiisDQ6cqWBzx3Zcg8_EvXUGhl4CRMVZz2Q58wQhz1Z_Vx6xQ5eTiEh1iaddw4am8Yz"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134d7f679fd81aa';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=photovoltaic%20system&page=592&__cf_chl_rt_tk=pJDk.0tXcwHNfGTcpoPlVmn6sX928Ya.GNc3ER9KLT4-1739785516-1.0.1.1-41x_qDQOWqivUhXj3ApeKZWVBhV1ICXvHWiIkalozaY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>