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type="button" class="chakra-button css-14pi1ec">Products<style data-emotion="css 1hzyiq5">.css-1hzyiq5{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-margin-start:0.5rem;margin-inline-start:0.5rem;}</style><span class="chakra-button__icon css-1hzyiq5"><style data-emotion="css p1tijm">.css-p1tijm{width:1em;height:1em;display:inline-block;line-height:1em;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;color:currentColor;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.2s;transition:transform 0.2s;transform-origin:center;}</style><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-width="2" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" focusable="false" class="chakra-icon css-p1tijm" aria-hidden="true" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 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1jdswzf">.css-1jdswzf{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;gap:0px;}@media screen and (min-width: 64em){.css-1jdswzf{gap:var(--chakra-space-8);}}</style><div class="chakra-stack css-1jdswzf"><style data-emotion="css 8kewzg">.css-8kewzg{display:none;min-width:280px;width:280px;padding-top:var(--chakra-space-14);padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-14);}@media screen and (min-width: 64em){.css-8kewzg{display:block;}}</style><div id="sidebar" class="css-8kewzg"><style data-emotion="css 1c3l4rb">.css-1c3l4rb{width:280px;}</style><div class="css-1c3l4rb"><style data-emotion="css 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transparent;outline-offset:2px;color:inherit;}.css-spn4bz:hover,.css-spn4bz[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-spn4bz:focus-visible,.css-spn4bz[data-focus-visible]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}</style><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" href="#what-is-sound">What is sound?</a></li><li class="css-0"><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" href="#what-is-noise">What is noise?</a></li><li class="css-0"><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" href="#how-is-sound-measured">How is sound measured?</a></li><li class="css-0"><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" href="#what-is-a-microphone">What is a microphone?</a></li><li class="css-0"><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" href="#special-microphone-types">Special microphone types</a></li><li class="css-0"><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" href="#how-to-choose-the-right-microphone">How to choose the right microphone</a></li><li class="css-0"><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" href="#key-microphone-specifications">Key microphone specifications</a></li><li class="css-0"><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" href="#microphone-measurement-applications">Microphone measurement applications</a></li><li class="css-0"><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" href="#dewesoft-sound-measurement-modules">Dewesoft sound measurement modules</a></li><li class="css-0"><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" href="#sound-measurement-and-sound-analysis-software">Sound measurement and sound analysis software</a></li><li class="css-0"><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" href="#microphone-manufacturers">Microphone manufacturers</a></li><li class="css-0"><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" href="#other-useful-tools">Other useful tools</a></li><li class="css-0"><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" href="#common-terms-and-acronyms">Common terms and acronyms</a></li><li class="css-0"><a class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" href="#attributions">Attributions</a></li></ul></div></div><style data-emotion="css 18mytjh">.css-18mytjh{height:var(--chakra-sizes-full);background:var(--chakra-colors-white);-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;padding-top:var(--chakra-space-6);padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-6);-webkit-padding-start:0px;padding-inline-start:0px;-webkit-padding-end:0px;padding-inline-end:0px;}@media screen and (min-width: 64em){.css-18mytjh{padding-top:var(--chakra-space-14);padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-14);-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-14);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-14);-webkit-padding-end:var(--chakra-space-14);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-14);}}</style><article id="article" class="css-18mytjh"><style data-emotion="css 1jud5vj">.css-1jud5vj{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;gap:var(--chakra-space-4);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-6);}</style><div class="chakra-stack css-1jud5vj"><style data-emotion="css 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.css-kaevgy:not([data-theme]),.css-kaevgy[data-theme=dark]{--avatar-border-color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-800);}</style><span class="chakra-avatar css-kaevgy"><style data-emotion="css 1ebyn6">.css-1ebyn6{font-size:var(--avatar-font-size);line-height:1;}</style><div role="img" aria-label="Grant Maloy Smith" class="chakra-avatar__initials css-1ebyn6">GS</div></span><style data-emotion="css psjeyg">.css-psjeyg{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:flext-start;-webkit-box-align:flext-start;-ms-flex-align:flext-start;align-items:flext-start;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:0px;}</style><div class="chakra-stack css-psjeyg"><div class="css-0"><style data-emotion="css tx5moa">.css-tx5moa{transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;color:inherit;display:inline;}.css-tx5moa:hover,.css-tx5moa[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-tx5moa:focus-visible,.css-tx5moa[data-focus-visible]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}</style><a class="chakra-link css-tx5moa" href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/grant-maloy-smith">Grant Maloy Smith</a></div><p class="chakra-text css-0">Friday, June 9, 2023 · 0 min read</p></div></div><style data-emotion="css axtqao">.css-axtqao{font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-heading);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-bold);line-height:1.33;color:var(--chakra-colors-blackAlpha-900);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-8);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-4xl);}@media screen and (min-width: 52em){.css-axtqao{line-height:1.2;font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-5xl);}}@media screen and (min-width: 64em){.css-axtqao{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-6xl);}}</style><h1 class="chakra-heading css-axtqao">Sound and Noise Measurement with Microphone Transducers</h1><style data-emotion="css 1bfl6q8">.css-1bfl6q8 h1{font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-heading);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-bold);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-4xl);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-8);}@media screen and (min-width: 52em){.css-1bfl6q8 h1{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-5xl);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-10);}}.css-1bfl6q8 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blockquote:not([data-theme]),.css-1bfl6q8 blockquote[data-theme=dark]{border-inline-start-color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-600);}.css-1bfl6q8 pre{padding:var(--chakra-space-4);border-radius:var(--chakra-radii-md);background:var(--chakra-colors-gray-700);color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-50);overflow:auto;}.chakra-ui-dark .css-1bfl6q8 pre:not([data-theme]),[data-theme=dark] .css-1bfl6q8 pre:not([data-theme]),.css-1bfl6q8 pre[data-theme=dark]{background:var(--chakra-colors-gray-800);}.css-1bfl6q8 pre code{font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-normal);}.css-1bfl6q8 pre code::before,.css-1bfl6q8 pre code::after{content:"";}.css-1bfl6q8 code{font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-semibold);}.css-1bfl6q8 code::before,.css-1bfl6q8 code::after{content:"`";}.css-1bfl6q8 figure{margin-top:var(--chakra-space-8);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-8);}.css-1bfl6q8 figure figcaption{color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-400);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-3);}.chakra-ui-dark .css-1bfl6q8 figure figcaption:not([data-theme]),[data-theme=dark] .css-1bfl6q8 figure figcaption:not([data-theme]),.css-1bfl6q8 figure figcaption[data-theme=dark]{color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-500);}.css-1bfl6q8 ul{-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-6);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-6);list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-6);}.css-1bfl6q8 ul li p{margin:0px;}.css-1bfl6q8 ol{-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-6);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-6);}.css-1bfl6q8 li{-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-2);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-2);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-3);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-3);}.css-1bfl6q8 ol>li::marker{color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-400);}.chakra-ui-dark .css-1bfl6q8 ol>li::marker:not([data-theme]),[data-theme=dark] .css-1bfl6q8 ol>li::marker:not([data-theme]),.css-1bfl6q8 ol>li::marker[data-theme=dark]{color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-500);}.css-1bfl6q8 ul>li::marker{color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-500);}.chakra-ui-dark .css-1bfl6q8 ul>li::marker:not([data-theme]),[data-theme=dark] .css-1bfl6q8 ul>li::marker:not([data-theme]),.css-1bfl6q8 ul>li::marker[data-theme=dark]{color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-300);}.css-1bfl6q8 table{width:var(--chakra-sizes-full);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-8);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-8);text-align:start;}.css-1bfl6q8 table thead{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-300);}.chakra-ui-dark .css-1bfl6q8 table thead:not([data-theme]),[data-theme=dark] .css-1bfl6q8 table thead:not([data-theme]),.css-1bfl6q8 table thead[data-theme=dark]{border-bottom-color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-600);}.css-1bfl6q8 table th{text-align:inherit;font-weight:600;padding:var(--chakra-space-2);}@media screen and (min-width: 52em){.css-1bfl6q8 table th{padding:var(--chakra-space-3);}}.css-1bfl6q8 table td{padding:var(--chakra-space-2);vertical-align:baseline;}@media screen and (min-width: 52em){.css-1bfl6q8 table td{padding:var(--chakra-space-3);}}.css-1bfl6q8 table tbody tr{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-200);}.chakra-ui-dark .css-1bfl6q8 table tbody tr:not([data-theme]),[data-theme=dark] .css-1bfl6q8 table tbody tr:not([data-theme]),.css-1bfl6q8 table tbody tr[data-theme=dark]{border-bottom-color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-700);}.css-1bfl6q8 table tbody tr:last-of-type{border-bottom-width:0px;border-bottom-color:var(--chakra-colors-transparent);}.css-1bfl6q8 table tfoot tr{border-top-width:1px;border-top-color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-300);}.chakra-ui-dark .css-1bfl6q8 table tfoot tr:not([data-theme]),[data-theme=dark] .css-1bfl6q8 table tfoot tr:not([data-theme]),.css-1bfl6q8 table tfoot tr[data-theme=dark]{border-top-color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-600);}.css-1bfl6q8 h1+*,.css-1bfl6q8 h2+*,.css-1bfl6q8 h3+*,.css-1bfl6q8 h4+*,.css-1bfl6q8 hr+*{margin-top:0px;}.css-1bfl6q8 a.inline-record{color:var(--chakra-colors-black);}.css-1bfl6q8 a.inline-record:hover,.css-1bfl6q8 a.inline-record[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1bfl6q8 a.inline-record p{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:var(--chakra-letterSpacings-tighter);font-weight:bolder;}</style><div class="css-1bfl6q8"><p>In this article we will cover the topic in enough depth that you will:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Understand </strong>what sound and noise are</p></li><li><p><strong>Learn </strong>about the different types of microphones and how they work</p></li><li><p><strong>See </strong>how important sound and noise measurement really is</p></li></ul><p>As with all of these articles, we will start with the fundamentals, and work our way through the technology of performing the essential measurements using best practices.</p></div><style data-emotion="css 1eu8sfi">.css-1eu8sfi{-webkit-margin-start:calc(var(--chakra-space-4) * -1);margin-inline-start:calc(var(--chakra-space-4) * -1);-webkit-margin-end:calc(var(--chakra-space-4) * -1);margin-inline-end:calc(var(--chakra-space-4) * -1);}@media screen and (min-width: 64em){.css-1eu8sfi{-webkit-margin-start:calc(var(--chakra-space-14) * -1);margin-inline-start:calc(var(--chakra-space-14) * -1);-webkit-margin-end:calc(var(--chakra-space-14) * -1);margin-inline-end:calc(var(--chakra-space-14) * -1);}}</style><div class="css-1eu8sfi"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%;max-width:1200px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMjAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjY3NSI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLCgoLDhgaDg0VDhUVDRUYFx8dGBYTFiEaHysjHR0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHA0MHC8cFhw7Ly8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAACAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEBgEDBQD/xAAhEAABBAIABwAAAAAAAAAAAAACAAEDBBFRBQYSExQhMf/EABYBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQDAv/EABkRAAIDAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMRAAEEAv/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8AHrdrxM5R0GDqP0+0qR2pBofUx8vG83DictIIM1KMKa3LYHYsi7qFkz3Dgskw7XKfeWnNcntT/9k=" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253121-headphones-testing-anechoic-chamber.png?auto=format&w=1200&dpr=0.25 300w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253121-headphones-testing-anechoic-chamber.png?auto=format&w=1200&dpr=0.5 600w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253121-headphones-testing-anechoic-chamber.png?auto=format&w=1200&dpr=0.75 900w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253121-headphones-testing-anechoic-chamber.png?auto=format&w=1200 1200w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253121-headphones-testing-anechoic-chamber.png?auto=format&w=1200&dpr=1.5 1800w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253121-headphones-testing-anechoic-chamber.png?auto=format&w=1200&dpr=2 2400w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253121-headphones-testing-anechoic-chamber.png?auto=format&w=1200&dpr=3 3600w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253121-headphones-testing-anechoic-chamber.png?auto=format&w=1200&dpr=4 4800w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253121-headphones-testing-anechoic-chamber.png?auto=format&w=1200" alt="Headphones testing anechoic chamber" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><style data-emotion="css e37esg">.css-e37esg h1{font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-heading);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-bold);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-4xl);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-8);}@media screen and (min-width: 52em){.css-e37esg h1{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-5xl);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-10);}}.css-e37esg h2{font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-heading);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-bold);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-2xl);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-12);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-6);}@media screen and (min-width: 52em){.css-e37esg h2{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-3xl);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-14);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-8);}}.css-e37esg h3{font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-heading);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-semibold);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-xl);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-8);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-3);}@media screen and (min-width: 52em){.css-e37esg h3{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-2xl);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-10);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-4);}}.css-e37esg h4{font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-heading);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-semibold);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-md);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-6);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-2);}@media screen and (min-width: 52em){.css-e37esg h4{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-lg);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-8);}}.css-e37esg p{font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-body);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-normal);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-md);line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-6);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-6);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-6);}.css-e37esg a{font-weight:500;transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:2px 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pre[data-theme=dark]{background:var(--chakra-colors-gray-800);}.css-e37esg pre code{font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-normal);}.css-e37esg pre code::before,.css-e37esg pre code::after{content:"";}.css-e37esg code{font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-semibold);}.css-e37esg code::before,.css-e37esg code::after{content:"`";}.css-e37esg figure{margin-top:var(--chakra-space-8);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-8);}.css-e37esg figure figcaption{color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-400);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-3);}.chakra-ui-dark .css-e37esg figure figcaption:not([data-theme]),[data-theme=dark] .css-e37esg figure figcaption:not([data-theme]),.css-e37esg figure figcaption[data-theme=dark]{color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-500);}.css-e37esg ul{-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-6);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-6);list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-6);}.css-e37esg ul li p{margin:0px;}.css-e37esg ol{-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-6);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-6);}.css-e37esg li{-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-2);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-2);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-3);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-3);}.css-e37esg ol>li::marker{color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-400);}.chakra-ui-dark .css-e37esg ol>li::marker:not([data-theme]),[data-theme=dark] .css-e37esg ol>li::marker:not([data-theme]),.css-e37esg ol>li::marker[data-theme=dark]{color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-500);}.css-e37esg ul>li::marker{color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-500);}.chakra-ui-dark .css-e37esg ul>li::marker:not([data-theme]),[data-theme=dark] .css-e37esg ul>li::marker:not([data-theme]),.css-e37esg ul>li::marker[data-theme=dark]{color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-300);}.css-e37esg h1+*,.css-e37esg h2+*,.css-e37esg h3+*,.css-e37esg h4+*,.css-e37esg hr+*{margin-top:0px;}.css-e37esg a.inline-record{color:var(--chakra-colors-black);}.css-e37esg a.inline-record:hover,.css-e37esg a.inline-record[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-e37esg a.inline-record p{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:var(--chakra-letterSpacings-tighter);font-weight:bolder;}.css-e37esg table{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}</style><div class="css-e37esg"><span style="display:block"><h2 id="what-is-sound" class="post-heading">What is sound?</h2><p>Sound is variations in pressure that the human ear can perceive. Sound can be conducted through the air, underwater, or even through solid objects. Music, speech, a running engine, a bird calling - these are all everyday examples of sound. Because of how it is created, we commonly refer to sound as sound pressure.</p><p>Sound cannot propagate without a medium. It propagates through compressible media such as air and water as longitudinal waves. In solids, it propagates as transverse waves. Sound waves are generated by a sound source (vibrating diaphragm or a loudspeaker). A sound source creates vibrations in the surrounding medium. As the source continues to vibrate the medium, the vibrations propagate away from the source at the speed of sound, forming a sound wave.</p><p><strong>Sound pressure level (SPL)</strong> is a logarithmic measure of the effective sound pressure of a sound relative to a reference value. It is measured in <strong>decibels (dB)</strong> above a standard reference level. The standard reference sound pressure in air or other gases is 20 µPa, which is usually considered the threshold of human hearing (at 1 kHz). The following equation shows us how to calculate the Sound Pressure level (Lp) in decibels [dB] from sound pressure (P) in Pascal [Pa].</p><style data-emotion="css 1syq16t">.css-1syq16t{padding:var(--chakra-space-2);}</style><div class="css-1syq16t">\[Lp = 10 \cdot log_{10}(\frac{{p_{rms}}^2}{{p_{ref}}^2}) = 20 \cdot log_{10}(\frac{p_{rms}}{p_{ref}}) \]</div><p>Where:</p><p>\(P_{ref}\) is the reference sound pressure and \(P_{rms}\) is the RMS sound pressure being measured.</p><h2 id="what-is-noise" class="post-heading">What is noise?</h2><p>It is critical that we measure and analyze not only “good” sounds, but the unwanted ones, too. Noise can be described therefore as an “unwanted sound.” As with sound in general, noise is measured in Pascals, although it is more commonly converted to the decibel scale for the sake of practicality.</p><p>Perhaps you know the acronym NVH, which stands for noise, vibration, and harshness. <a href="https://dewesoft.com/applications/nvh-testing">NVH testing</a> is the practice of measuring unwanted sounds from a wide variety of sources so that they can be reduced or eliminated. Nearly every machine makes some kind of noise, from automobiles to leaf blowers, hairdryers, food mixers, and so on. </p><p>Designing machines to limit or improve the noise that they create is a driving force behind sound and noise measurement. Besides being an annoyance or distraction, certain sounds can be painful or even harmful, therefore they must be reduced or eliminated. The first step in any remedy is making objective measurements that can be acted upon.</p><h2 id="how-is-sound-measured" class="post-heading">How is sound measured?</h2><p>The principal sensor used in sound measurement is the microphone. Microphones are used to measure sound pressure waves at a variety of frequencies, including the entire range of human hearing and even beyond. Most microphones are designed to measure sound propagating through the air, but there are other types that are meant to measure sound underwater (hydrophones), or in the earth (seismic instruments).</p><style data-emotion="css 1bujgkd">.css-1bujgkd{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}</style><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjU5NCI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLCgoLFRgNDg0WDhUNFg0YFx8ZGCIfIiEdHysjGikoHSEWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDQoOEAoKEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEBgABAv/EAB4QAAEEAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMAAQIRBAYHITEF/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgD/xAAUEQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwATP47gQHSI+PojYoHpPGVN4jWsMljqkSKcdZlB/FSdDMzDulFJ/9k=" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Dewesoft sound level meter" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><style data-emotion="css 38zu32">.css-38zu32{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-md);font-style:italic;font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-medium);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-4);padding:var(--chakra-space-2);}</style><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Dewesoft sound level meter</figcaption></figure><p>Sound pressure is measured in <strong>Pascals (Pa)</strong>. It represents how sound is perceived by the receiver, e.g., the human ear. Many variables affect how we perceive a given sound, such as the reflectiveness of the room, the size of the room (if any), distance from the source, and more. </p><p><strong>Learn more:</strong></p><p><style data-emotion="css 1fa4a4q">.css-1fa4a4q{transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;color:inherit;display:block;background:var(--chakra-colors-blackAlpha-50);border:1px solid;border-color:var(--chakra-colors-blackAlpha-100);border-radius:var(--chakra-radii-lg);overflow:hidden;box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-md);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-2);}.css-1fa4a4q:focus-visible,.css-1fa4a4q[data-focus-visible]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}.css-1fa4a4q:hover,.css-1fa4a4q[data-hover]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-lg);}</style><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="Sound Level Measurement" href="https://dewesoft.com/applications/sound-level-measurement"><style data-emotion="css 14dvn9n">.css-14dvn9n{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;gap:0px;}</style><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><style data-emotion="css 9phq98">.css-9phq98{min-width:200px;width:200px;height:90px;position:relative;background:var(--chakra-colors-white);}</style><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLCgoLFRgNDg0WDhUNFg0YFx8ZGCIfIiEdHysjGikoHSEWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDQoOEAoKEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEBgABAv/EAB4QAAEEAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMAAQIRBAYHITEF/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgD/xAAUEQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwATP47gQHSI+PojYoHpPGVN4jWsMljqkSKcdZlB/FSdDMzDulFJ/9k=" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&w=140" alt="Dewesoft sound level meter" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><style data-emotion="css utf5z">.css-utf5z{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:0px;-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-4);-webkit-padding-end:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-top:var(--chakra-space-2);padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-2);}</style><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">Sound Level Measurement</span><style data-emotion="css 1kn4uyx">.css-1kn4uyx{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-xs);color:gray;}</style><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx"></span></div></div></a></p><h3 id="what-is-sound-power" class="post-heading">What is sound power?</h3><p>Sound power is measured in watts (W). It represents the sound energy that the source is creating. It is completely independent of how the sound is perceived by the receiver. </p><p>Producers of almost any kind of machinery or devices are required by regulations, such as the Noise and Machinery Directive of the European Union (EU) (2006/42/EC), to measure and declare the sound power of their products. Everything from toys to printers, industrial tools, and construction machinery is included. Sound power measurements are also used in engineering tasks such as product sound design.</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjYzMiI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLDQ0WDhYNDQ0LDhcNFg0NFx4ZGBYVFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBQUFEAUQEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA8AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAXAAEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGAQcA/8QAHhAAAgICAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQMABQIhBhEEEjH/xAAVAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAP/EABQRAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AM7rbXNjxqJR5rBiD1JXcZStoOojwo1enwQkAXNk05dDEyRRYceTkzYE6Sf/2Q==" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Sound power dome" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Sound power dome</figcaption></figure><p>Relevant sound power standards include:</p><ul><li><p>ISO 3741</p></li><li><p>ISO 3743-1</p></li><li><p>ISO 3743-2</p></li><li><p>ISO 3744</p></li><li><p>ISO 3745</p></li><li><p>ISO 639-3</p></li><li><p>ISO 639-4</p></li><li><p>ISO 639-5</p></li><li><p>ISO 639-6</p></li></ul><p>To summarize, while <em>sound pressure</em> describes the listener’s perception of a given sound based on the acoustic environment, <em>sound power</em> describes the energy of the sound itself, regardless of the environment or how the sound is perceived. These terms have very different meanings and should not be used interchangeably.</p><p>In short, sound power is the cause, while sound pressure is the effect that we perceive. </p><p><strong>Learn more:</strong></p><p><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="Sound Power Measurement" href="https://dewesoft.com/applications/sound-power"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLDQ0WDhYNDQ0LDhcNFg0NFx4ZGBYVFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBQUFEAUQEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA8AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAXAAEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGAQcA/8QAHhAAAgICAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQMABQIhBhEEEjH/xAAVAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAP/EABQRAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AM7rbXNjxqJR5rBiD1JXcZStoOojwo1enwQkAXNk05dDEyRRYceTkzYE6Sf/2Q==" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140" alt="Sound power dome" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">Sound Power Measurement</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx"></span></div></div></a><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="Sound Power Level Measurement on a Notebook Computer" href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/sound-power-level-measurement-on-a-notebook"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICA4NDw4ODhAQDQ4WDhEQFg0NFxsZGBYfFhUaHysjGh0oHSEWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHBAQHDsoIhwvLy8vOzs7OzsvLy8vLy8vLy8vLzsvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAXAAADAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABQYH/8QAHxAAAAYCAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQGERMhUXEF/8QAFgEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgQB/8QAFxEAAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAERAv/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8Anq/XkNyCyLU/ipS1x0E0A9cssCoU6rUXgn2lRmdWOu7HjMAa2KWpCzwAPKUMP//Z" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1670266646-sound-power-level-measurement-dewesoft.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1670266646-sound-power-level-measurement-dewesoft.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1670266646-sound-power-level-measurement-dewesoft.jpg?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1670266646-sound-power-level-measurement-dewesoft.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1670266646-sound-power-level-measurement-dewesoft.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1670266646-sound-power-level-measurement-dewesoft.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1670266646-sound-power-level-measurement-dewesoft.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1670266646-sound-power-level-measurement-dewesoft.jpg?auto=format&w=140" alt="Sound power level measurement Dewesoft" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">Sound Power Level Measurement on a Notebook Computer</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx">See how to perform a sound power level measurement according to ISO 3744 with the Dewesoft Sound Power solution in a semi-anechoic chamber.</span></div></div></a></p><h3 id="what-is-sound-intensity" class="post-heading">What is sound intensity?</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjYxMCI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoIEAgLDQ0NDg4NDQ0NGhENDQ8YFxgZGBYVFhUaHysjGh0oHSEWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHA0NEC8dFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA8AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAACAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADBAECBQD/xAAdEAACAgEFAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgEEEQMFEhMx/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwD/xAAWEQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABABH/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AEt0tp1TGTHrY1GkHuGqzL6CoPKk0TlleMHFLTzKkBZMN//Z" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Sound intensity hero" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Sound intensity hero</figcaption></figure><p>Sound intensity is not the same as sound pressure. It is defined as the power carried by sound waves per unit area in a direction perpendicular to that area. Sound intensity is defined as sound pressure (\(Pa\)) multiplied by particle velocity (\(v\)).</p><div class="css-1syq16t">\[I=P_a \cdot v\]</div><p>where \(Pa\) is sound pressure in pascals and v is particle velocity in meters per second.</p><p>The intensity of sound is an important measurement. In effect, it is the time-averaged rate of energy flow per unit area. Unlike many sound power tests that require a controlled environment like an anechoic chamber, sound intensity measurements can be made anywhere.</p><p><strong>Learn more:</strong></p><p><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="Sound Intensity Measurement" href="https://dewesoft.com/applications/sound-intensity"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoIEAgLDQ0NDg4NDQ0NGhENDQ8YFxgZGBYVFhUaHysjGh0oHSEWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHA0NEC8dFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA8AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAACAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADBAECBQD/xAAdEAACAgEFAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgEEEQMFEhMx/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwD/xAAWEQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABABH/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AEt0tp1TGTHrY1GkHuGqzL6CoPKk0TlleMHFLTzKkBZMN//Z" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140" alt="Sound intensity hero" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">Sound Intensity Measurement</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx"></span></div></div></a><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="Automated Sound Intensity Measurement on Loaders" href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/sound-intensity-measurement-on-bobcat-loaders"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgTFgoLDg0VDRkNDhEQFg4WFx8ZGBYfFhUaHysjHR0oHRUiJDUlKC0vMjIyHSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHBAQHDsoIhw7LzsvOy8vOy8vLzsvLy8vLy8vLzs7Ly8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABgMEB//EAB4QAAEDBAMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIAAQQDBSExBhMU/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwH/xAAXEQADAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIR/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwCpLhlTbSIts9A5TBcI4OGlDBBgHCNSNVmf8ts3WzOO2QmXktEao5QrmBOkf//Z" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1669809959-bobcat-dewesoft-sound-intensity-robot.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1669809959-bobcat-dewesoft-sound-intensity-robot.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1669809959-bobcat-dewesoft-sound-intensity-robot.jpg?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1669809959-bobcat-dewesoft-sound-intensity-robot.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1669809959-bobcat-dewesoft-sound-intensity-robot.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1669809959-bobcat-dewesoft-sound-intensity-robot.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1669809959-bobcat-dewesoft-sound-intensity-robot.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1669809959-bobcat-dewesoft-sound-intensity-robot.jpg?auto=format&w=140" alt="Bobcat sound intensity robot" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">Automated Sound Intensity Measurement on Loaders</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx">See how the Dewesoft sound intensity solutions and data acquisition system helped to do the automated measurement of the sound intensity on Bobcat loaders.</span></div></div></a></p><h3 id="what-is-sound-exposure-level" class="post-heading">What is Sound Exposure Level?</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjY4MiI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBhEOCBALChALEA0NBwgJDhENCggYFxMZGBYTFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBQUFEAUFEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABEAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAADAAMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAYBAgX/xAAcEAABBAMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIDBAUhMTL/xAAVAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAv/EABQRAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AJCOWZWbHKjXP6TsOTlc0fq5GRq7JUaylUwaWbSzN2AHAr8HogABhfIAAH//2Q==" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253512-sound-exposure-level.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253512-sound-exposure-level.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253512-sound-exposure-level.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253512-sound-exposure-level.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253512-sound-exposure-level.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253512-sound-exposure-level.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253512-sound-exposure-level.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253512-sound-exposure-level.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253512-sound-exposure-level.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Sound exporsure level" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Sound exporsure level</figcaption></figure><p>Sound exposure level (\(SEL\)) is a measurement of both the level of sound received and the duration of that exposure. The duration is critical because people can withstand certain frequencies and amplitudes for a short time, but longer noise exposures can lead to hearing damage or even hearing loss. Sounds at 90 dB and above are considered harmful to human beings.</p><p>(\(SEL\)) is the integral (over time) of sound pressure squared. The SI unit is defined as:</p><div class="css-1syq16t">\[SEL = Pa^2 \cdot s \] (Pascal squared second)</div><p> (Pascal squared second)</p><h3 id="what-is-sound-level" class="post-heading">What is sound level?</h3><p>Sound level is a general term that may include one or more of the specific ways that we measure sound, including:</p><ul><li><p>Sound Pressure Level</p></li><li><p>Sound Intensity Level</p></li><li><p>Sound Power Level</p></li><li><p>Sound Exposure Level</p></li></ul><p>Sound level is usually measured with a device called<strong> a sound level meter (or just a sound meter)</strong>. Please refer to each of those quantities as described in this article for specific information about them.</p><h3 id="what-is-sound-quality" class="post-heading">What is sound quality?</h3><p>Sound quality measurement provides an objective evaluation of how sounds produced by machines are perceived by the human ear. With these measurements, engineers can improve and refine the sounds generated by their machines in order to create products that are more pleasing to the user and others around them.</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjYxMCI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoPCAgRFQ0LDhENDQ0NDhUNFg0YFxUZGBYfFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OFQ0NGC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA8AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAXAAADAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAUD/8QAGxAAAgIDAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQBAgMRIRP/xAAWAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgD/xAAWEQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEhH/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AI2G0Sa5raxkdVq2xlhmfMFSVbnoE55y1YA2GH//2Q==" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Dewesoft sound quality" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Dewesoft sound quality</figcaption></figure><p>Although the human perception of sound is subjective, it is possible to make objective measurements of sound and then apply a range of sound quality metrics to them, including:</p><style data-emotion="css zipzvv">.css-zipzvv{display:block;white-space:nowrap;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;max-width:100%;}</style><div class="chakra-table__container css-zipzvv"><style data-emotion="css 1qi9lo1">.css-1qi9lo1{font-variant-numeric:lining-nums tabular-nums;border-collapse:collapse;width:var(--chakra-sizes-full);max-width:100%;white-space:normal;}</style><table class="chakra-table css-1qi9lo1"><thead class="css-0"><tr class="css-0"><style data-emotion="css 1pt5pj9">.css-1pt5pj9{font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-heading);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-bold);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:var(--chakra-letterSpacings-wider);-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-4);-webkit-padding-end:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-top:var(--chakra-space-1);padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-1);line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-4);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-xs);color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-600);border-bottom:var(--chakra-borders-1px);border-color:var(--chakra-colors-blackAlpha-100);text-align:left;}.css-1pt5pj9[data-is-numeric=true]{text-align:end;}</style><th class="css-1pt5pj9"> </th><th class="css-1pt5pj9"> </th></tr></thead><style data-emotion="css rdeq8s">.css-rdeq8s tr:nth-of-type(odd) th,.css-rdeq8s tr:nth-of-type(odd) td{border-bottom-width:1px;border-color:var(--chakra-colors-blackAlpha-100);}.css-rdeq8s tr:nth-of-type(odd) td{background:var(--chakra-colors-blackAlpha-100);}</style><tbody class="css-rdeq8s"><tr class="css-0"><style data-emotion="css 34pik7">.css-34pik7{text-align:start;-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-4);-webkit-padding-end:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-top:var(--chakra-space-2);padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-2);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-sm);line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-4);border-bottom:var(--chakra-borders-1px);border-color:var(--chakra-colors-blackAlpha-100);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-bold);white-space:pre-wrap;}.css-34pik7[data-is-numeric=true]{text-align:end;}</style><td class="css-34pik7">Loudness</td><style data-emotion="css mca6xb">.css-mca6xb{text-align:start;-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-4);-webkit-padding-end:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-top:var(--chakra-space-2);padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-2);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-sm);line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-4);border-bottom:var(--chakra-borders-1px);border-color:var(--chakra-colors-blackAlpha-100);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-normal);white-space:pre-wrap;}.css-mca6xb[data-is-numeric=true]{text-align:end;}</style><td class="css-mca6xb">Calculation according to ISO 532-1 and ISO 532-2: Acoustics - Methods for calculating loudness - Zwicker method and Moore-Glasberg method. The loudness of sound is measured in decibels (dB).</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Sharpness</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Calculated from specific loudness, which is determined according to ISO 532-1 and ISO 532-2 standards. Sharpness is a psychoacoustics metric that provides a numerical measure of sensation based on the number of high-frequency components in a sound. Its unit is the “acum”, where 1 acum corresponds to the sharpness of a broad-band noise centered on 1 kHz, with a width of 1 critical band and a level of 60 dB.</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Noise Criterion (NC)</td><td class="css-mca6xb">A metric used in the USA for rating indoor noise sources</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Noise Rating (RC)</td><td class="css-mca6xb">A metric used in Europe for rating indoor noise sources</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Speech Intelligibility</td><td class="css-mca6xb">A metric for the evaluation of speech perception</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Articulation Index, extended</td><td class="css-mca6xb">An extension of speech perception when other sounds are present</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Normal equal-loudness level contours</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Calculation according to and based on the ISO 226 standard</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Prominence ration</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Calculation in accordance with ISO 7779 - measurement of airborne noise emitted by information technology and telecommunications equipment.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Sound quality testing is important for companies that want to evaluate and improve the sound of their products. The goal is to make them more desirable to the user by controlling the way that they sound. The testing is applied in:</p><ul><li><p>Automotive Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH), automotive designs and components</p></li><li><p>Audio devices including loudspeakers, microphones, amplifiers, headphones, musical instruments</p></li><li><p>Household and garden appliances, e.g., lawnmowers, dishwashers, refrigerators, computers, HVAC systems</p></li></ul><p>It is used by R&D departments for:</p><ul><li><p>Benchmarking and Improvement</p></li><li><p>Target Setting</p></li><li><p>Modeling and Simulation</p></li><li><p>Predictions</p></li><li><p>Reactive Engineering</p></li><li><p>Testing and Troubleshooting</p></li><li><p>Product Validation</p></li></ul><p><strong>Learn more:</strong></p><p><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="Sound Quality Measurement" href="https://dewesoft.com/applications/sound-quality"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoPCAgRFQ0LDhENDQ0NDhUNFg0YFxUZGBYfFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OFQ0NGC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA8AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAXAAADAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAUD/8QAGxAAAgIDAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQBAgMRIRP/xAAWAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgD/xAAWEQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEhH/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AI2G0Sa5raxkdVq2xlhmfMFSVbnoE55y1YA2GH//2Q==" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140" alt="Dewesoft sound quality" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">Sound Quality Measurement</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx"></span></div></div></a></p><h3 id="how-to-measure-sound-frequency" class="post-heading">How to measure sound frequency?</h3><p>One of the most fundamental and powerful ways to measure the frequencies contained in sound is the Fast Fourier Transform, abbreviated as FFT. The FFT is a set of algorithms that convert time domain data into frequency domain data. DAQ systems typically record sound and noise data from microphones, then software performs the conversion from the time domain to the frequency domain. This conversion can be done in real-time, or as a post-processing function.</p><p>Using FFT analysis, numerous signal characteristics can be investigated to a much greater extent than when inspecting the time domain data. In the frequency domain, signal characteristics are described by independent frequency components, whereas in the time domain it is described by one waveform, containing the sum of all characteristics.</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjU3NiI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253723-time-signal-converted-fft-algorithms.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253723-time-signal-converted-fft-algorithms.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253723-time-signal-converted-fft-algorithms.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253723-time-signal-converted-fft-algorithms.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253723-time-signal-converted-fft-algorithms.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253723-time-signal-converted-fft-algorithms.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253723-time-signal-converted-fft-algorithms.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253723-time-signal-converted-fft-algorithms.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253723-time-signal-converted-fft-algorithms.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="A time signal consisting of sinusoidal components (left) is converted via FFT algorithms to the frequency domain (right)." style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">A time signal consisting of sinusoidal components (left) is converted via FFT algorithms to the frequency domain (right).</figcaption></figure><p>In a typical time-domain graph, the vertical axis is the amplitude of the signal, and the horizontal axis is time - thus, we can see how a signal’s amplitude changes over time.</p><p>Time-domain graphs are essential and useful for thousands of applications, but they don’t tell us much about the specific frequencies contained within complex signals. Using FFT conversion, however, we convert the signal so that the vertical axis shows magnitude, and the horizontal axis shows frequency instead of time. As such, frequency becomes the domain that we are working in.</p><p>Referring to the FFT graph below, you can see that the frequency axis is scaled from 0 Hz to 10 kHz from left to right. There is a very large magnitude spike at 1200 Hz, and a smaller frequency spike at around 3750 Hz. </p><p>The classic FFT graph is an essential tool in frequency measurement and is widely used. In most DAQ systems that are suited for sound measurements, either or both of these axes can be scaled as linear (as shown below) or logarithmic, which can provide more important information based on the application.</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:541px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSI1NDEiIGhlaWdodD0iMjg5Ij48L3N2Zz4=" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLCgoLFRUPDhkNDh0dDg4VHR8ZHSITFhUmHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHBAQHDsoIig7Ozs7Oy8vNS87LzsvLy81Ly87OzsvLy8vLy8vLzUvNS8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA0AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAABBQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFAAECBAf/xAAdEAABBQADAQAAAAAAAAAAAAACAAEDBRESITIE/8QAFgEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwEA/8QAGREAAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEDESEC/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwDRKG1CSLi7I8MwE26htZVfNBHoiiBQgIvjYlmfF4ZEmlF36SVaP0nRqin/2Q==" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009122-frequency-spectrum-of-sound-pressure-signal-measured-in-noisy-environment.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 135w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009122-frequency-spectrum-of-sound-pressure-signal-measured-in-noisy-environment.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 270w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009122-frequency-spectrum-of-sound-pressure-signal-measured-in-noisy-environment.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 405w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009122-frequency-spectrum-of-sound-pressure-signal-measured-in-noisy-environment.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 541w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009122-frequency-spectrum-of-sound-pressure-signal-measured-in-noisy-environment.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 811w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009122-frequency-spectrum-of-sound-pressure-signal-measured-in-noisy-environment.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 1082w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009122-frequency-spectrum-of-sound-pressure-signal-measured-in-noisy-environment.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 1623w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009122-frequency-spectrum-of-sound-pressure-signal-measured-in-noisy-environment.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 2164w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009122-frequency-spectrum-of-sound-pressure-signal-measured-in-noisy-environment.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Example of a frequency domain spectrum of a sound pressure signal measured in a noisy environment. The spectrum indicates loud tonal components at specific frequencies." style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Example of a frequency domain spectrum of a sound pressure signal measured in a noisy environment. The spectrum indicates loud tonal components at specific frequencies.</figcaption></figure><p>Since time is not represented on this classic FFT graph, the data necessarily represents one moment in time. But which moment and how much time? Basically, FFT analysis involves taking a slice of time (x number of samples at y sample rate), performing the calculations, and then displaying it. This is called the “window time,” and it can be controlled by the engineer or technician operating the analyzer, as well as the basic capabilities of the analyzer.</p><p>DAQ systems like the ones made by Dewesoft include powerful FFT analysis tools built directly into the software. Cursors, including harmonic cursors, can be used on the graphs to directly click on peaks and spikes, and read out their exact values. Math channels can also be displayed that show the peak values automatically.</p><p>Note that it is also possible to present TIME on an FFT graph, by adding a third axis. This 3D display, also known as a “waterfall display,” plots frequency and magnitude, and time, using color coding for easy visual interpretation.</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:826px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSI4MjYiIGhlaWdodD0iNDUzIj48L3N2Zz4=" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLCgoVDhgNFhkODhIVDREPFxMZGBYTFiEaHysjHR0oHSEWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLAg0OHBAQHDsdIig7Oy87Ly87OzsvNTsvNS81Ly8vOzUvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGBwAEBf/EAB4QAAAGAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgMEBSFBBhFR/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwT/xAAeEQAABgIDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIDBTEGIQQREv/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8AOLy1UhlXRaC5lXy0zDxsNW0rWXmFdloAz3HIq5JmfoaEdxwkUA5SJk6MVYd4bpFgQbUDjsZKhBW8/jXs9A0tT3Vj/9k=" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009169-dewesoft-x-3d-graph-fft-analysis-over-multiple-instances-of-time.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 206w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009169-dewesoft-x-3d-graph-fft-analysis-over-multiple-instances-of-time.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 413w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009169-dewesoft-x-3d-graph-fft-analysis-over-multiple-instances-of-time.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 619w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009169-dewesoft-x-3d-graph-fft-analysis-over-multiple-instances-of-time.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 826w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009169-dewesoft-x-3d-graph-fft-analysis-over-multiple-instances-of-time.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1239w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009169-dewesoft-x-3d-graph-fft-analysis-over-multiple-instances-of-time.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 1652w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009169-dewesoft-x-3d-graph-fft-analysis-over-multiple-instances-of-time.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 2478w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009169-dewesoft-x-3d-graph-fft-analysis-over-multiple-instances-of-time.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 3304w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666009169-dewesoft-x-3d-graph-fft-analysis-over-multiple-instances-of-time.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Example of FFT analysis over multiple instances of time illustrated in a 3D display. The Frequency spectra vs. time graph show the measurement of an operating compressor, with dominating frequency components at certain points in time." style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Example of FFT analysis over multiple instances of time illustrated in a 3D display. The Frequency spectra vs. time graph show the measurement of an operating compressor, with dominating frequency components at certain points in time.</figcaption></figure><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:959px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSI5NTkiIGhlaWdodD0iODM1Ij48L3N2Zz4=" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253841-different-representations-dewesoftx-display.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 239w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253841-different-representations-dewesoftx-display.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 479w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253841-different-representations-dewesoftx-display.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 719w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253841-different-representations-dewesoftx-display.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 959w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253841-different-representations-dewesoftx-display.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1438w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253841-different-representations-dewesoftx-display.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 1918w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253841-different-representations-dewesoftx-display.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 2877w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253841-different-representations-dewesoftx-display.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 3836w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253841-different-representations-dewesoftx-display.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Three different representations are shown on a typical DewesoftX display: FFT waterfall vs. reference signal, Overall RMS vs. reference signal, and time-domain harmonics" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Three different representations are shown on a typical DewesoftX display: FFT waterfall vs. reference signal, Overall RMS vs. reference signal, and time-domain harmonics</figcaption></figure><p>There are many aspects of FFT analysis, and it is well beyond the scope of this article to cover them. These include Spectral Resolution, Amplitude Scaling, Time Weighting Windows, Averaging, Overlap, and more. Please refer to the informative article below to learn more about FFT frequency analysis.</p><p><strong>Learn more:</strong></p><p><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="FFT Analysis (Fast Fourier Transform): The Ultimate Guide to Frequency Analysis" href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/guide-to-fft-analysis"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgNDgcNEAgLCQYGBQwFCAYKChEJChEMFxMZGBYTFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0MEBANHDsdFhwvLy8vLy8vOy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAVAAEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB//EABUQAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAR/8QAFgEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEC/8QAFxEAAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIRAf/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8AjkChXSooCguhFP/Z" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666008917-dewesoft-fft-analysis-screen.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666008917-dewesoft-fft-analysis-screen.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666008917-dewesoft-fft-analysis-screen.png?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666008917-dewesoft-fft-analysis-screen.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666008917-dewesoft-fft-analysis-screen.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666008917-dewesoft-fft-analysis-screen.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666008917-dewesoft-fft-analysis-screen.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666008917-dewesoft-fft-analysis-screen.png?auto=format&w=140" alt="Dewesoft FFT analysis screen" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">FFT Analysis (Fast Fourier Transform): The Ultimate Guide to Frequency Analysis</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx">This is the ultimate guide to FFT analysis. Learn what FFT is, how to use it, the equipment needed, and what are some standard FFT analyzer settings.</span></div></div></a><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="FFT Spectrum Analyzer" href="https://dewesoft.com/applications/fft-analyzer"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653387238-dewesoft-fft-analyzer.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653387238-dewesoft-fft-analyzer.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653387238-dewesoft-fft-analyzer.png?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653387238-dewesoft-fft-analyzer.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653387238-dewesoft-fft-analyzer.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653387238-dewesoft-fft-analyzer.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653387238-dewesoft-fft-analyzer.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653387238-dewesoft-fft-analyzer.png?auto=format&w=140" alt="Dewesoft FFT analyzer" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">FFT Spectrum Analyzer</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx"></span></div></div></a></p><h2 id="what-is-a-microphone" class="post-heading">What is a microphone?</h2><p>Beyond their obvious entertainment and public speaking applications, microphones are real sensors that are heavily used in scientific and industrial measurement applications. Simply put, a microphone is a sensor or transducer that converts sound (acoustic energy) into electrical energy that we can amplify, digitize, display, record, and more.</p><p>As with other sensors, there are several types of microphones that are commonly used in sound and noise-measuring applications. This is because there are so many different applications and environments in this very broad field, as we will describe in this article. Reacting to demands from engineers involved in sound testing, microphone manufacturers have created a wide range of microphones designed to address these applications.</p><p>Microphones used for scientific or industrial sound measurement are also referred to as <strong>microphone sensors</strong> or <strong>microphone transducers</strong>.</p><h3 id="how-do-microphones-work" class="post-heading">How do microphones work?</h3><p>A microphone is a transducer that converts sound energy into electrical energy. There are several kinds of microphones, and they work in different ways. But we should start with the classic dynamic microphone invented more than 100 years ago.</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjU5OCI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254081-typical-dynamic-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254081-typical-dynamic-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254081-typical-dynamic-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254081-typical-dynamic-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254081-typical-dynamic-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254081-typical-dynamic-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254081-typical-dynamic-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254081-typical-dynamic-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254081-typical-dynamic-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Dynamic Mic by Arne Nordmann" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Dynamic Mic by Arne Nordmann</figcaption></figure><ol><li><p>A diaphragm made of thin material like plastic resonates in response to the incoming sound pressure waves.</p></li><li><p>A coil attached to the diaphragm moves back and forth in sympathy</p></li><li><p>A permanent magnetic creates a magnetic field that is induced into the coil</p></li><li><p>This current is an “analog” of the sound. It flows out of the coil and can be amplified, converted to digital, recorded for display and analysis, etc.</p></li></ol><p>The kind of microphone transducer described above is typically referred to as a dynamic microphone. Note that if you reversed this transducer by inputting an electrical signal at its output, the coil would move and drive the diaphragm. And if you made the diaphragm much larger, it would move the air and create sound. Congratulations, you just built a loudspeaker… it’s simply a dynamic microphone in reverse!</p><h3 id="what-are-the-most-important-microphone-technologies" class="post-heading">What are the most important microphone technologies?</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjUwNiI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgQCg4LDhgQCg0NDhEVDREYFxMaGCITFhUmHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHBAQHC8dFhw7Ly8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAAwAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAXAAADAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAwUA/8QAHBAAAQUBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgABAwQhEjIR/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABQT/xAAYEQACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgEhMf/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8AvUjMx+uhvW5o3FhZLrGQx46Z7NutRSaJPhSikmlot1iyOyTx0G5xZILNEMxZ/9k=" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254152-different-microphone-technologies.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254152-different-microphone-technologies.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254152-different-microphone-technologies.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254152-different-microphone-technologies.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254152-different-microphone-technologies.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254152-different-microphone-technologies.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254152-different-microphone-technologies.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254152-different-microphone-technologies.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254152-different-microphone-technologies.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Different michrophone technologies" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Different michrophone technologies</figcaption></figure><p>The three most essential technologies behind microphones today are:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Dynamic mics</strong> are based on magnetic induction, where a moving coil connected to a diaphragm and wrapped around a permanent magnet converts sound pressure into an electrical signal. A variation is the ribbon mic, which employs a thin metal ribbon as the diaphragm and transducer. Dynamic mics are used primarily in music, entertainment, broadcast, and public address applications.</p></li><li><p><strong>Condenser mics</strong> are based on capacitance. A diaphragm with a charge plate behind it outputs an electrical charge in response to sound pressure waves. Heavily used in sound measurement and scientific applications.</p></li><li><p><strong>Piezoelectric mics</strong> are also based on capacitance, but they use a crystalline material instead of a charged plate. Also heavily used in sound measurement and scientific applications.</p></li></ul><p>Since they are so important in sound measuring and scientific applications, we will focus on condenser and piezoelectric mics in this article.</p><h3 id="condenser-microphones" class="post-heading">Condenser microphones</h3><p>One of the most popular microphones for sound measurement is the condenser type. These mics are designed around a thin metal diaphragm next to a metal backplate. When sound pressure pushes against them, the capacitance between the diaphragm and the backplate changes. This change in capacitance is output as an AC signal that we can amplify, measure, digitize and analyze.</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjU0NiI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254195-typical-condenser-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254195-typical-condenser-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254195-typical-condenser-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254195-typical-condenser-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254195-typical-condenser-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254195-typical-condenser-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254195-typical-condenser-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254195-typical-condenser-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254195-typical-condenser-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Typical condenser mic design" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Typical condenser mic design</figcaption></figure><p>Condenser microphones require power to generate a charge for the diaphragm and plate. This can be done in one of two ways, depending on the microphone that you select:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Externally polarized</strong> microphones require a 200V supply from an external microphone power supply. Normally a 7-pin LEMO or similar connector is used to make the required connections.</p></li><li><p><strong>Prepolarized microphones</strong> do not require a 200 V supply. Also referred to as electret microphones, they are permanently polarized by means of a permanently charged dielectric material, either used as the diaphragm itself or located elsewhere within the capsule. They do, however, require a constant current supply like the one required by a typical IEPE accelerometer, sometimes referred to as “phantom power.” Because this DC current can be carried on the signal line without interference, these mics require only a 2-pin connector, usually a BNC.</p></li></ul><p>Condenser microphones are available in a variety of sizes, 1 inch, ½ inch, ¼ inch, or ⅛ inch diameters. Larger mics can be more sensitive, and thus measure lower frequency signals than smaller diameter microphones.</p><h3 id="piezoelectric-microphones" class="post-heading">Piezoelectric microphones</h3><p>Piezoelectric microphones work much like piezoelectric (IEPE) accelerometers. They operate on the principle that certain crystalline materials, such as quartz, output a variable charge when they are mechanically stressed, either by acceleration or, in this case, sound pressure. A tiny internal amplifier converts this charge signal into a higher level voltage that is output to an IEPE signal conditioner.</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjQ4MyI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254212-typical-piezoelectric-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254212-typical-piezoelectric-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254212-typical-piezoelectric-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254212-typical-piezoelectric-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254212-typical-piezoelectric-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254212-typical-piezoelectric-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254212-typical-piezoelectric-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254212-typical-piezoelectric-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254212-typical-piezoelectric-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Typical piezoelectric mic design" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Typical piezoelectric mic design</figcaption></figure><p>IEPE signal conditioners provide the constant current supply that is needed to power the tiny amplifier within the piezoelectric microphones.</p><h3 id="which-is-better-condenser-or-piezoelectric-microphones" class="post-heading">Which is better, condenser or piezoelectric microphones?</h3><p>Condenser and piezoelectric microphones serve different functions. For example, condenser mics have a much lower noise floor than piezoelectric mics. But on the other hand, piezoelectric mics can withstand higher pressure levels than condenser mics, so they can be used in blast tests and other high-amplitude sound and noise applications. Neither technology is “better” per se - they have different roles.</p><div class="chakra-table__container css-zipzvv"><table class="chakra-table css-1qi9lo1"><style data-emotion="css 1r8927j">.css-1r8927j{margin-top:var(--chakra-space-4);font-family:var(--chakra-fonts-heading);text-align:center;font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-medium);-webkit-padding-start:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-4);-webkit-padding-end:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-4);padding-top:var(--chakra-space-2);padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-2);color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-600);caption-side:bottom;font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-md);font-style:italic;}</style><caption class="css-1r8927j">High-level comparison of Condenser vs. Piezoelectric Mics</caption><thead class="css-0"><tr class="css-0"><th class="css-1pt5pj9"> </th><th class="css-1pt5pj9"> </th><th class="css-1pt5pj9">Condenser Mics</th><th class="css-1pt5pj9">Piezoelectric Mics</th></tr></thead><tbody class="css-rdeq8s"><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7"></td><td class="css-mca6xb">Prepolarized</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Ext. Polarized</td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Dynamic range</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Excellent</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Excellent</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Good</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">High amplitude operation (shock, blast applications)</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Good</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Good</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Excellent</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">High-temperature applications</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Good</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Superior</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Good</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">High humidity applications</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Superior</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Good</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Good</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Connectivity</td><td class="css-mca6xb">IEPE 2-wire connection, BNC connector</td><td class="css-mca6xb">7-wire connection, external 200V supply required, LEMO</td><td class="css-mca6xb">IEPE 2-wire connection, BNC connector</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Cost</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Lower cost than externally polarized</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Higher cost than pre-polarized</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Similar to pre-polarized condensers</td></tr></tbody></table></div><h2 id="special-microphone-types" class="post-heading">Special microphone types</h2><h3 id="hydrophones" class="post-heading">Hydrophones</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:960px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSI5NjAiIGhlaWdodD0iNDgwIj48L3N2Zz4=" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLCgoLFRgVFRUXFxoVDhYYHRYZGBYfFh0mKysmGikoHRUiJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLAg0OHBAQHDsoIig7Lzs7Ozs7Ozs7OzsvLy8vLzs7OzU7NTs7Ly8vLy8vLy87Ly8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAAwAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAXAAEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGAAIE/8QAHRAAAQQDAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQACAwQGEiERMv/EABYBAAMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADBP/EABwRAAEDBQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAYAAVECBAUUFf/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8ASV8thfJq8BUs5RDHNwDxCHEttjwrS9oe8bdSGuyaVDXigx0pfmEDT8hRFbFePUcURuFEo5AQv//Z" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254326-hydrophone-on-the-ocean-floor.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 240w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254326-hydrophone-on-the-ocean-floor.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 480w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254326-hydrophone-on-the-ocean-floor.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 720w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254326-hydrophone-on-the-ocean-floor.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 960w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254326-hydrophone-on-the-ocean-floor.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1440w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254326-hydrophone-on-the-ocean-floor.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 1920w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254326-hydrophone-on-the-ocean-floor.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 2880w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254326-hydrophone-on-the-ocean-floor.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 3840w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666254326-hydrophone-on-the-ocean-floor.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="A hydrophone was installed on the ocean floor. Image courtesy of NOAA, the US National Oceanic, and Atmospheric Administration" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">A hydrophone was installed on the ocean floor. Image courtesy of NOAA, the US National Oceanic, and Atmospheric Administration</figcaption></figure><p>You would not take a normal microphone and drop it into the water because it will be damaged or destroyed. For underwater applications, manufacturers offer specialized microphones called “hydrophones.” These corrosion-resistant mics are designed to be submerged permanently in water and are used for a wide variety of industrial, scientific, and military applications. </p><p>Sound pressure waves travel 4.3 times faster in water than they do in the air. And because water is much denser than air, a given sound exerts many times as much pressure in water as it would in air. Hydrophones are specially designed to operate in this medium.</p><p>Hydrophones are available in unidirectional and omnidirectional models. It is also possible to use them in arrays for a variety of applications, including beamforming, a spatial filtering technique. </p><p>Since the pressure underwater increases the deeper you go, always check that a hydrophone has been designed for the depth that you require.</p><h3 id="array-microphones" class="post-heading">Array microphones</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjU4NCI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgREQ4LDg0QDQ0NDRENFg0NFx8ZGCITIhUaHysvHR0oHSEWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0NEA4NHC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABQMEBv/EAB0QAAEEAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMAAgQRBiEBBTH/xAAXAQADAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgMA/8QAFhEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAES/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwBcHuHMJasRslIOVpIbpykgja+TtSpjyjRSctLySqQkkkLeD+IRpmhH/9k=" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666256399-array-microphone-train-measurement.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666256399-array-microphone-train-measurement.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666256399-array-microphone-train-measurement.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666256399-array-microphone-train-measurement.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666256399-array-microphone-train-measurement.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666256399-array-microphone-train-measurement.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666256399-array-microphone-train-measurement.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666256399-array-microphone-train-measurement.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666256399-array-microphone-train-measurement.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Array microphone positioned to record train passing sound. Image © Bruel & Kjaer" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Array microphone positioned to record train passing sound. Image © Bruel & Kjaer</figcaption></figure><p>As the name implies, array microphones (aka “microphone arrays”) consist of multiple mics arranged in a pattern. They are intended to make 3-dimensional measurements of sound. Array mic systems may consist of anywhere from 2 mics used to detect leaks in hearing aids, to more than 100 mics used for beamforming and acoustic holography applications.</p><p>Array microphone systems are used for a variety of applications, including:</p><ul><li><p>Wind turbine sound test</p></li><li><p>Automotive and train pass-by tests</p></li><li><p>Factory sound emissions</p></li><li><p>Holography</p></li><li><p>Automotive and aircraft interior tests</p></li><li><p>Engine noise tests</p></li><li><p>Sound pressure mapping</p></li><li><p>Beamforming</p></li><li><p>Medical device noise tests</p></li><li><p>Wind tunnel testing of cars, aircraft, etc.</p></li></ul><h3 id="mems-microphones" class="post-heading">MEMS microphones</h3><p>If you’re reading this article on a notebook computer, tablet or smartphone, chances are very good that there is a MEMS microphone built into it. Taking advantage of <a target="_blank" href="http://https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systems">MEMS technology</a> (micro-electromechanical system). MEMS microphones can be machined smaller than 3 x 2 x 1 mm. In English, units are only about 1/8 inch at their widest point.</p><p>Most MEMS mics consist of a pressure-sensitive diaphragm that has been etched directly into the silicon. They often have an integrated preamp, and often include an ADC that converts analog sound into a digital data stream. Although MEMS mics were primarily condenser types since their invention, piezoelectric models are now also available.</p><p>In addition to computers, phones, and tablets, MEMS microphones are also used in wearable electronics, drones, internet of things (IoT) devices, smart television remote controls, and more.</p><h3 id="sound-intensity-probes" class="post-heading">Sound intensity probes </h3><p>Intensity probes are microphones that are used to measure the intensity of sound, as defined earlier.</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjUxOSI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLCgoLDhgQDg0NDh0VGhEdJhodJRYlIhYeHy0jJikoKSUlJTUxKC0vMjIyHSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0KEAsQHDsoFh07Ly8vLzsvLy8vLy87Oy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA0AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwEGB//EACEQAAEEAAYDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAgMRBAUSIVFhEyJB/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQD/xAAUEQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwDZC23A8JMk3jnArak6/eulBja52oiykFNmjml0k7j4hVzMsTJh8xIjdSFJ/9k=" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666257567-sound-intensity-probe-model.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666257567-sound-intensity-probe-model.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666257567-sound-intensity-probe-model.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666257567-sound-intensity-probe-model.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666257567-sound-intensity-probe-model.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666257567-sound-intensity-probe-model.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666257567-sound-intensity-probe-model.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666257567-sound-intensity-probe-model.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666257567-sound-intensity-probe-model.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Sound intensity probe model 50-AI-C. Image © Gras Instruments" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Sound intensity probe model 50-AI-C. Image © Gras Instruments</figcaption></figure><p>Most sound intensity probes use a pair of phase-matched free-field microphones to measure both the instantaneous pressure and the pressure gradient of the sound field. They are often provided on poles that allow the system to be aimed at the sound source. Moving the system allows for sound intensity mapping applications, sound power measurement, and IEC 61043 and IS0 9614-1 standard measurement.</p><h2 id="how-to-choose-the-right-microphone" class="post-heading">How to choose the right microphone</h2><p>As with any other sensor, choosing the right microphone is determined by the application. In sound measuring applications, the environment is often a driving factor in microphone selection and setup. </p><p>The measuring environment is often referred to as the <strong>response field</strong>. When you hear microphones being referred to as “free field” or “pressure field” types, this refers to the response field that they will be used in. We will describe what this means below.</p><p>In addition to selecting a mic that has been designed for your target measuring environment, you also need to consider the bandwidth and the maximum SPL (sound pressure level) that the mic will need to support.</p><p>If your measuring environment is either very hot or cold or experiences high humidity levels, you should also check those specifications in any microphones and their signal conditioners that you intend to use. As a general statement, condenser mics are more adversely affected by high temperature and humidity environments than piezoelectric mics. However, some manufacturers offer condenser mics specifically made for challenging environments.</p><h3 id="free-field-microphones" class="post-heading">Free-field microphones</h3><p>Free-field microphones are meant to be used in reflection-free environments, such as outdoors, or in anechoic chambers. They are designed to measure sound pressure variations that move freely through the air, usually from a single source. Free-field mics are usually pointed directly at the sound source. </p><p>Free-field mics are intended to measure the sound pressure as if the microphone itself was not present within the field. Of course, any physical object within the field can disturb it - this can occur when sound frequency wavelengths approach the dimensions of the mic itself. As a result, manufacturers typically add microphone calibration correction values to compensate for any disturbance that the mic itself may cause within the sound field.</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjUzMCI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259708-typical-free-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259708-typical-free-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259708-typical-free-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259708-typical-free-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259708-typical-free-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259708-typical-free-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259708-typical-free-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259708-typical-free-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259708-typical-free-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Typical free-field microphone" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Typical free-field microphone</figcaption></figure><p>Free-field testing applications include:</p><ul><li><p>Automotive pass-by and other outdoor noise levels tests</p></li><li><p>Loudspeaker test</p></li><li><p>Appliance testing in suitable chambers, including washing machines, dishwashers, blenders, and other consumer goods</p></li><li><p>Operation troubleshooting to eliminate excess vibration or noise</p></li><li><p>Outdoor noise monitoring</p></li></ul><h3 id="pressure-field-microphones" class="post-heading">Pressure-field microphones</h3><p>Pressure-field mics are meant to measure the sound pressure on the microphone’s diaphragm. Sometimes these mics are placed directly on a wall, coupler, or on the internal surface of a chamber or closed area so that they can measure the sound pressure on the wall or surface. They are found in nearly all ear simulator testing applications.</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjgxMiI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259766-typical-pressure-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259766-typical-pressure-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259766-typical-pressure-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259766-typical-pressure-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259766-typical-pressure-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259766-typical-pressure-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259766-typical-pressure-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259766-typical-pressure-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259766-typical-pressure-field-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Typical pressure-field microphone" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Typical pressure-field microphone</figcaption></figure><p>Pressure-field mics are typically designed to have a very flat frequency response. As a result, they are sometimes often used in random incidence applications as described below, when this flat response is required.</p><p>Pressure-field testing applications include:</p><ul><li><p>Human ear simulation tests</p></li><li><p>Measuring the sound pressure on aircraft fuselages</p></li><li><p>Measuring the sound pressure on walls and cavities</p></li><li><p>Measuring the sound pressure inside tubes and other structures</p></li></ul><h3 id="random-incidence-microphones" class="post-heading">Random incidence microphones</h3><p>Random incidence (aka “diffuse field”) omnidirectional microphones are made for environments where sound may come from any or all directions. These include highly reflective environments, reverb chambers, and the like. These mics are designed to respond uniformly to sound pressure arriving from all directions at the same time.</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjgxMiI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259879-typical-random-incidence-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259879-typical-random-incidence-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259879-typical-random-incidence-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259879-typical-random-incidence-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259879-typical-random-incidence-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259879-typical-random-incidence-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259879-typical-random-incidence-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259879-typical-random-incidence-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666259879-typical-random-incidence-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Typical random incidence microphone" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Typical random incidence microphone</figcaption></figure><p>Pressure-field testing applications include:</p><ul><li><p>Room, auditorium, theater acoustics</p></li><li><p>Automotive passenger cabin noise tests</p></li><li><p>Aircraft passenger cabin noise tests </p></li><li><p>Household appliance testing</p></li><li><p>Environmental noise testing</p></li><li><p>Good for mid and high amplitude sound environments</p></li></ul><h2 id="key-microphone-specifications" class="post-heading">Key microphone specifications</h2><h3 id="dynamic-response" class="post-heading">Dynamic response</h3><p>A normal human ear can hear sound down to 20 millionths of one Pascal. Since this scale isn’t very practical for everyday use, and because human hearing is logarithmic in nature, most engineers and scientists use the decibel (dB) scale. </p><div class="chakra-table__container css-zipzvv"><table class="chakra-table css-1qi9lo1"><thead class="css-0"><tr class="css-0"><th class="css-1pt5pj9"> </th><th class="css-1pt5pj9">Pascal value</th><th class="css-1pt5pj9"> Decibel (dB) value</th></tr></thead><tbody class="css-rdeq8s"><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Threshold of human hearing</td><td class="css-mca6xb">0.00002 Pa</td><td class="css-mca6xb">0 dB</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Typical office ambient noise</td><td class="css-mca6xb">0.02 Pa</td><td class="css-mca6xb">60 dB</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Typical factory ambient noise</td><td class="css-mca6xb">0.2 Pa</td><td class="css-mca6xb">80 dB</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Jackhammer in operation</td><td class="css-mca6xb">2 Pa</td><td class="css-mca6xb">100 dB</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Jet engine take-off</td><td class="css-mca6xb">20 Pa</td><td class="css-mca6xb">120 dB</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Threshold of pain</td><td class="css-mca6xb">200 Pa</td><td class="css-mca6xb">140 dB</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The decibel scale (dB) was named for Scottish scientist <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a>, inventor of the telephone and audiometer.</p><p>Microphones are rated according to the maximum pressure level that they can withstand before either the diaphragm comes into contact with the plate, or when<strong> total harmonic distortion</strong> <strong>(THD)</strong> reaches a specified value, like 3% for example. </p><p>Manufacturers also often specify the smallest sound that the mic can detect. Sometimes called the cartridge thermal noise (CTN), this specifies the smallest sound that the mic can detect above the electrical noise of its circuitry.</p><p>Larger diaphragm mics typically have lower noise floors (CTN) than smaller diaphragm mics.</p><h3 id="frequency-response" class="post-heading">Frequency response</h3><p>Bandwidth is always an important consideration when it comes to any sensor or transducer. The usable bandwidth, or frequency response, of a sound sensor (microphone) is measured between its CTN and maximum rated sound pressure level. When looking at a mic’s spec sheet, pay attention to the tolerance in addition to the frequency response itself. Tolerance will normally be expressed in decibels, like ±2 dB, or similar. </p><h3 id="signal-to-noise-ratio" class="post-heading">Signal to noise ratio</h3><p>The ratio of the wanted sound energy to the unwanted sound energy is known as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). SNR is expressed in dB. An SNR ratio is greater than 1:1 means that there is more signal than noise power present.</p><p>SNR = Psignal / Pnoise</p><p>Where:</p><p>P = average power</p><h3 id="polar-patterns" class="post-heading">Polar patterns</h3><p>The polar pattern of a microphone defines how sensitive it is to sounds coming from different directions around its axis. Mics can be designed to be more sensitive to sounds coming from the front, for example, to focus only on those sounds and ignore those coming from the back or sides. The most common patterns include:</p><p><strong>Omnidirectional microphones</strong></p><p>Omnidirectional mics are designed to measure sound coming from all directions equally. In practical terms, this is not possible due to the physics of any mic and its own presence within the sound field, but omnidirectional mics achieve great performance and the purest possible measurement of sound pressure.</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMjQiPjwvc3ZnPg==" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABgAAAAYAQMAAADaua+7AAAAA1BMVEWMiIa41OtoAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAAA9JREFUeNpjYWBgYKEhBgATIABhxcqBBAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260029-omnidirectional-polar-pattern-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260029-omnidirectional-polar-pattern-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260029-omnidirectional-polar-pattern-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260029-omnidirectional-polar-pattern-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260029-omnidirectional-polar-pattern-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260029-omnidirectional-polar-pattern-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260029-omnidirectional-polar-pattern-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260029-omnidirectional-polar-pattern-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260029-omnidirectional-polar-pattern-mic.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Omnidirectional polar pattern microphone, Wikimedia Commons - attribution" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Omnidirectional polar pattern microphone, Wikimedia Commons - attribution</figcaption></figure><p><strong>Unidirectional microphones (aka cardioid microphones)</strong></p><p>Named after the “heart-shaped” that their polar pattern resembles, cardioid mics are meant to measure sound coming primarily from the front of the mic. There are several implementations of the cardioid pattern, including cardioid, hypercardioid, supercardioid and subcardioid. Referring to the polar pattern images below, you can see how they are designed to measure primarily from one direction, in varying degrees:</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjM0MSI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABgAAAAJCAMAAAAfIxz0AAAAeFBMVEV8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHZ8eHb7D14yAAAAKHRSTlMAAQIDBAUGCAwNDxITFxkbHB0eHyAhIyQlJicoKSotLjAyNDU2ODk67YFdSQAAAFhJREFUeNqNjrEOgDAIRIESJyf//x8d3Go5Cm00cdDIxns5OKWX0U/BfK3ut9hIOCdgYEcDDDXEmjQc8RRAPdsC1z1wkTIzyZvB3KDHuCgy/kTEnq2A33U7ymQs99CWZDIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260071-unidirectional-microphones.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260071-unidirectional-microphones.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260071-unidirectional-microphones.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260071-unidirectional-microphones.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260071-unidirectional-microphones.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260071-unidirectional-microphones.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260071-unidirectional-microphones.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260071-unidirectional-microphones.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260071-unidirectional-microphones.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Left to right: Cardioid, Supercardioid, Hypercardioid patterns, Wikimedia Commons - attribution" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Left to right: Cardioid, Supercardioid, Hypercardioid patterns, Wikimedia Commons - attribution</figcaption></figure><p>There are other patterns, including bi-directional, also known as “figure of 8,” which is used for measuring sound both in front and behind the microphone, and others.</p><h2 id="microphone-measurement-applications" class="post-heading">Microphone measurement applications</h2><p>There are hundreds of applications for measuring sound and noise. However, there are some very popular ones in common use across many industries. At the highest level, there is a group of tests called NVH, which stands for Noise, Vibration, and Harshness. </p><h3 id="nvh-noise-vibration-and-harshness-applications" class="post-heading">NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness) applications</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjY4MiI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBg8UFBELDQ4NDRAICA0NDhEODQ0MFxMZGBYTIhUmHyslGh0oHRUiJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHQ0NEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABEAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAACAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAIDBQH/xAAdEAEAAgEFAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIEAxESFDIT/8QAFwEAAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEDBP/EABkRAAIDAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgMRMf/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8AnXEvC/rzxP8AHdL4zNW+NrJ4YOZhzeoa2to7QCdzDBmi+vgBGPBiuS6ATA//2Q==" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662020518-nvh-testing.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662020518-nvh-testing.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662020518-nvh-testing.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662020518-nvh-testing.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662020518-nvh-testing.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662020518-nvh-testing.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662020518-nvh-testing.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662020518-nvh-testing.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662020518-nvh-testing.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="NVH testing - semi anechoic chamber" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">NVH testing - semi anechoic chamber</figcaption></figure><p>Although NVH testing applies to a wide variety of machines, from your lawnmower to a cement mixer, NVH is most closely associated with automotive testing. If you’re familiar with driving around in an average-priced car, and then getting into a luxury model, you will undoubtedly have a very different experience. Closing the door of a luxury car seems to block out most of the sound from the outside, and the engine, despite its power, hums in a subtle and satisfying way. There are few if any rattles and squeaks.</p><p>This relatively pleasant experience is the result of countless hours of testing, design, re-testing, and re-design by a cadre of automotive engineers. Microphones and other sensors are used to measure the acoustic and conducted vibrations both inside and outside the car, both under real driving conditions and in anechoic chambers. Then automotive engineers use this data to refine vehicle design and materials until it meets their noise requirements under a variety of driving conditions.</p><p>Harshness is more subjective and difficult to quantify because it relates to how “annoying” a sound, vibration, or combination is to the average person.</p><p>There are numerous interior (inside the driving cabin) and exterior NVH tests performed on automobiles, trucks, and buses, including:</p><ul><li><p>Brake Noise Testing</p></li><li><p>Automotive Pass-by Noise Testing</p></li><li><p>Engine Noise Testing</p></li><li><p>Powertrain Testing</p></li><li><p>Pass-by Noise Testing</p></li><li><p>Exhaust Noise Testing</p></li><li><p>Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Testing</p></li><li><p>Wind Noise Testing</p></li><li><p>Buzz, Squeak and Rattle Noise Testing</p></li><li><p>Vehicle Interior Noise Testing</p></li><li><p>Road Noise Testing</p></li></ul><h3 id="noise-at-work-environmental-noise" class="post-heading">Noise at work & environmental noise </h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjU3NSI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLERYLDhgQDQ0VFxwRDRENFx8ZGBYTFhUaHysjHR0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBQUFEAUFEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAACAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABBAIDBQD/xAAfEAABBAICAwAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAIDBBESBSIGExT/xAAVAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAP/EABQRAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/ABa42pNDjYJM+PVmw7hwWnyVL0QZa8pDd/xnsUSQloQCrqCgqYy5zDly5Sf/2Q==" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260163-measure-noise-at-work.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260163-measure-noise-at-work.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260163-measure-noise-at-work.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260163-measure-noise-at-work.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260163-measure-noise-at-work.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260163-measure-noise-at-work.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260163-measure-noise-at-work.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260163-measure-noise-at-work.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260163-measure-noise-at-work.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Measure noise at work" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Measure noise at work</figcaption></figure><p>People’s exposure to noise at the workplace is a health issue and is therefore regulated in the USA, Europe, and elsewhere. There are sound and noise measurement applications including:</p><ul><li><p>Urban Noise Testing</p></li><li><p>Workplace and Factory Noise Testing</p></li><li><p>Room Acoustics Testing</p></li><li><p>Airport Noise Testing</p></li><li><p>Musical Concert Sound Level Testing</p></li></ul><h3 id="electro-acoustics" class="post-heading">Electro acoustics</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjY4MiI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260200-electro-acoustics-applications.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260200-electro-acoustics-applications.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260200-electro-acoustics-applications.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260200-electro-acoustics-applications.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260200-electro-acoustics-applications.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260200-electro-acoustics-applications.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260200-electro-acoustics-applications.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260200-electro-acoustics-applications.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260200-electro-acoustics-applications.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Electro acoustic applications" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Electro acoustic applications</figcaption></figure><ul><li><p>Telephone Sound Testing - Corded, Wireless, and Hands-free</p></li><li><p>Hearing Aid Testing</p></li><li><p>Speaker and Smart Speakers Testing</p></li><li><p>Headphones Testing - Corded and Wireless</p></li></ul><h3 id="machine-analysis" class="post-heading">Machine analysis</h3><p>When we think of predicting machine failures and diagnosing machine problems, we normally think of measuring vibrations and temperature, but noise is an important indicator of machine health. Machines that are unbalanced, for example, often exhibit this first with sound. If you’ve ever heard your clothes dryer struggling with a badly unbalanced load, you know what that sounds like.</p><ul><li><p>Machine Vibration Testing</p></li><li><p>Condition Monitoring</p></li><li><p>Predictive Maintenance Testing</p></li><li><p>Air and gas leak detection</p></li></ul><h3 id="noise-source-identification" class="post-heading">Noise source identification</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjY4MiI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoTCBINDRALDhQJDggTDRENFhEYFxMlGBYVFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBQUFEAUFEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABEAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAEAAwEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAUGAgH/xAAhEAABAwMEAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIDBCEzBSIxMhESFf/EABUBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAC/8QAFBEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8A1jVfI2546FfUqJ9XdHFtIP2qhzV8FJaWNkiJYFFSa3MvIAgVWMjxY1AA7puwAA//2Q==" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260597-noise-source-identification-plane.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260597-noise-source-identification-plane.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260597-noise-source-identification-plane.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260597-noise-source-identification-plane.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260597-noise-source-identification-plane.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260597-noise-source-identification-plane.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260597-noise-source-identification-plane.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260597-noise-source-identification-plane.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260597-noise-source-identification-plane.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Noise source identification plane" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Noise source identification plane</figcaption></figure><p>Sometimes it’s not enough to simply know how much noise there is in a given place, but it is necessary to know exactly where it is coming from. Which component or system is generating the noise and why? For these applications, microphone arrays are a good solution because they can create a three-dimensional representation of an area.</p><p>Imagine a subway car passing by a microphone array. Perhaps the wheels or brakes are squealing, or the shoe is running along the third rail and making noise, or the pantograph is running along the catenary wires overhead. For moving objects, beamforming software helps to create a 3D map over time.</p><p>Sometimes referred to as “acoustic cameras,” array mic systems can be at the micro-level, as with hearing aid testing, or macro level, as with large machines (generators, cutting machines, trains, cars, aircraft) or even a whole factory.</p><ul><li><p>Transportation Systems Noise Source Analysis - Airports, Metro Rail, Bus Stations</p></li><li><p>Wind Tunnel Acoustic Testing - Aerospace and Automotive</p></li><li><p>Acoustic Holography</p></li><li><p>Sound Intensity Mapping</p></li><li><p>Engine Noise Testing</p></li><li><p>Cabin Noise Testing</p></li><li><p>Hospital gas leak detection</p></li><li><p>Compressed air leak detection</p></li></ul><h2 id="dewesoft-sound-measurement-modules" class="post-heading">Dewesoft sound measurement modules</h2><p>Dewesoft offers a variety of high-end DAQ systems that are ideal for measuring sound and vibration. Here is a short overview:</p><h3 id="sirius-daq-systems" class="post-heading">SIRIUS DAQ systems</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjQ0MiI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261212-sirius-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261212-sirius-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261212-sirius-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261212-sirius-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261212-sirius-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261212-sirius-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261212-sirius-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261212-sirius-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261212-sirius-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Sirius DAQ system ACC" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Sirius DAQ system ACC</figcaption></figure><p><strong>DualCoreADC series</strong></p><p><strong>SIRIUS® DualCoreADC®</strong> systems use two 24-bit ADCs per channel in order to achieve an incredible 160 dB dynamic range in both the time and frequency domains. Sample rates up to 200 kS/s per channel and built-in anti-aliasing filtering provide more than 70 kHz of guaranteed alias-free bandwidth. All channels are galvanically isolated, preventing common mode, noise, and ground fault problems.</p><p><strong>High-density series</strong></p><p>By using a single 24-bit ADC per channel, <strong>SIRIUS HD</strong> systems still offer high dynamic performance, but with twice as many channels per slice: 16 instead of 8.</p><p><strong>High-speed series</strong></p><p>Using 16-bit SAR ADC technology, <strong>SIRIUS HS</strong> systems provide sampling rates up to 1 MS/s per channel, and still with 8 channels per slice.</p><p><strong>Extra high-speed series</strong></p><p><strong>SIRIUS XHS </strong>systems are a whole new breed of DAQ systems. Each channel can sample up to 15 MS/s. When the sample rate is 1 MS/s or below, the resolution is 24-bit. Above 1 MS/s it is 16-bit. Even more impressive is that each channel can be set to any sample rate and measurement mode, but they remain completely synchronized.</p><p><strong>SIRIUS ACC microphone and accelerometer amplifiers</strong></p><p>SIRIUS can be configured with a wide variety of amplifiers in order to handle virtually any signal and any sensor, so it goes well beyond sound and vibration measurements as a system. But the amplifiers used for these applications are in the ACC series.</p><p>ACC amplifiers are designed to handle IEPE sensors, including accelerometers, piezoelectric microphones, and pre-polarized condenser microphones. They provide the constant current power required by these sensors. An ACC amplifier is available for all four SIRIUS mainframe types:</p><div class="chakra-table__container css-zipzvv"><table class="chakra-table css-1qi9lo1"><thead class="css-0"><tr class="css-0"><th class="css-1pt5pj9">ACC Amp</th><th class="css-1pt5pj9">SIRIUS DualCoreADC</th><th class="css-1pt5pj9">SIRIUS HD (High Density)</th><th class="css-1pt5pj9">SIRIUS HS (High Speed)</th><th class="css-1pt5pj9">SIRIUS XHS (eXtra HS)</th></tr></thead><tbody class="css-rdeq8s"><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Connector</td><td class="css-mca6xb">BNC</td><td class="css-mca6xb">BNC</td><td class="css-mca6xb">BNC</td><td class="css-mca6xb">BNC</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Max. channels/slice</td><td class="css-mca6xb">8</td><td class="css-mca6xb">16</td><td class="css-mca6xb">8</td><td class="css-mca6xb">8</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Max. sample rate</td><td class="css-mca6xb">200 kS/s/ch</td><td class="css-mca6xb">200 kS/s/ch</td><td class="css-mca6xb">1 MS/s/ch</td><td class="css-mca6xb">15 MS/s/ch</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Resolution</td><td class="css-mca6xb">24-bit</td><td class="css-mca6xb">24-bit</td><td class="css-mca6xb">16-bit</td><td class="css-mca6xb">24-bit up to 1 MS/s, then 16-bit</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Dynamic range</td><td class="css-mca6xb">-140 dB (-160 dB @ DualCore)</td><td class="css-mca6xb">-137 dB (@ 10 kS/s)</td><td class="css-mca6xb">-89 dB (±10V @ 100 kHz</td><td class="css-mca6xb">up to 150 dB @ 1 MHz</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Bandwidth</td><td class="css-mca6xb">~ 76 kHz</td><td class="css-mca6xb">~ 76 kHz</td><td class="css-mca6xb">500 kHz</td><td class="css-mca6xb">5 MHz</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Voltage ranges</td><td class="css-mca6xb">±200 mV to ±10 V</td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Input coupling</td><td class="css-mca6xb">DC or AC 0.1 Hz, 1 Hz</td><td class="css-mca6xb">DC or AC 0.1 Hz, 1 Hz</td><td class="css-mca6xb">DC or AC 1 Hz</td><td class="css-mca6xb">DC or AC 0.1 Hz, 1 Hz</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">IEPE sensor power</td><td class="css-mca6xb">2, 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20 mA</td><td class="css-mca6xb">4, 8, or 12 mA</td><td class="css-mca6xb">4 or mA</td><td class="css-mca6xb">2, 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20 mA</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Isolation</td><td class="css-mca6xb">1000 V</td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Counter option</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Yes, accepts encoders, tach and pulse sensors, and more. Ideal for order tracking, torsional and rotational vibration, and more.</td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">More functions</td><td class="css-mca6xb">TEDS interface, built-in sensor databaseAutomatic sensor error detection</td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Sensor Compatibility</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Prepolarized condenser mics, piezoelectric mics, externally polarized mics with an external power sourceIEPE accelerometers</td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Note that SIRIUS ACC amplifiers are compatible with all major microphone types, including native support for prepolarized condenser, and piezoelectric microphones. Non-prepolarized condenser mics can also be used if they have an external power source. For direct support of externally polarized condenser mics, see the SIRIUS MIC200 below.</p><p><strong>Learn more:</strong></p><p><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="SIRIUS® Modular" href="https://dewesoft.com/products/sirius"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654677172-sirius-modular.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654677172-sirius-modular.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654677172-sirius-modular.png?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654677172-sirius-modular.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654677172-sirius-modular.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654677172-sirius-modular.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654677172-sirius-modular.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654677172-sirius-modular.png?auto=format&w=140" alt="SIRIUS modular data acquisition (DAQ) system" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">SIRIUS® Modular</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx">Modular Data Acquisition (DAQ) System</span></div></div></a><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="SIRIUS® XHS" href="https://dewesoft.com/products/sirius-xhs"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1649337034-sirius-xhs-daq-system-hero.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1649337034-sirius-xhs-daq-system-hero.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1649337034-sirius-xhs-daq-system-hero.png?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1649337034-sirius-xhs-daq-system-hero.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1649337034-sirius-xhs-daq-system-hero.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1649337034-sirius-xhs-daq-system-hero.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1649337034-sirius-xhs-daq-system-hero.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1649337034-sirius-xhs-daq-system-hero.png?auto=format&w=140" alt="SIRIUS XHS data acquistion system (SIRIUSi-XHS-4xHV-4xLV)" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">SIRIUS® XHS</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx">High-Speed Data Acquisition (DAQ) System</span></div></div></a></p><h3 id="sirius-mic200-system" class="post-heading">SIRIUS MIC200 system</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjQ4MiI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLCgoLDhoQDg0NDh0VIhEiIx8lJB4rLi0mKysjLjAtIiEiMDU1KC0vMjIyGS44PTcwPCsxPi8BCgsLDg0OHA0QHC8dFig7Oy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAAwAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAEAAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGAQQHAP/EAB4QAAEEAwADAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAgMEBQYRITGR/8QAFgEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQME/8QAGREAAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEECETEB/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwBTs+1Wal5sccRDR6RG3vVwXgCw/Fo+xY+rNaje+IEkeUJzOLpts9EICKAwvmNqlsyjoXKpl60TbHA3ilI7pVG6P//Z" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260900-sirius-mic200-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260900-sirius-mic200-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260900-sirius-mic200-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260900-sirius-mic200-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260900-sirius-mic200-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260900-sirius-mic200-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260900-sirius-mic200-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260900-sirius-mic200-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666260900-sirius-mic200-daq-system.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="SIRIUS MIC200 DAQ system" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">SIRIUS MIC200 DAQ system</figcaption></figure><p>The SIRIUS MIC200 is a high-performance 8-channel SIRIUS DAQ system that has been configured specifically for externally polarized condenser microphones. It uses 7-pin LEMO connectors to supply the 200V that externally polarized condenser mics require. SIRIUS MIC200 is designed for accurate measurement of high-amplitude signals, with high temporal and temperature stability.</p><p><strong>SIRIUS MIC200 features</strong></p><ul><li><p>High dynamic range: DualADC technology provides a 160 dB dynamic range</p></li><li><p>Fast acquisition: 200kS/s sample rate supports high-frequency microphones</p></li><li><p>Multi-brand microphone support: Industry-standard 7-pin LEMO connector supports all major microphone brands</p></li><li><p>TEDS support: automated setup of TEDS-equipped microphones</p></li><li><p>High channel count: use as many MIC200s as required for your applications. Multiple systems are synchronized automatically</p></li><li><p>DewesoftX software included</p></li><li><p>Class 1 IEC SLM and a complete set of advanced ISO compliant measurements: Sound Power, Sound Intensity, Sound Quality, RT60</p></li><li><p>IEC acoustic calibration services: IEC61672, IEC61260, IEC 60651, IEC 61094-4, etc. and you can order everything pre-calibrated at the factory</p></li></ul><p>SIRIUS MIC200 is multifunctional and extensible. It can be synchronized with any other Dewesoft DAQ system. You may simultaneously capture temperature, vibration, video, strain, and more, all under one software, with all data perfectly synchronized.</p><h3 id="sirius-mini" class="post-heading">SIRIUS MINI</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMjQiPjwvc3ZnPg==" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBg0SCBQLDQ0NChgQDggIDREJFhENFx8ZGCIVFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBQUFEAUFEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABgAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAADAAMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQQCAwf/xAAaEAADAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIDIQQS/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAL/xAAUEQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwDrOzloeTn5I9teBlpwlTb6qhCIffupQgM9rQovgABH706kAAD/2Q==" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1650618315-sirius-mini-sound-noise-recording.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1650618315-sirius-mini-sound-noise-recording.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1650618315-sirius-mini-sound-noise-recording.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1650618315-sirius-mini-sound-noise-recording.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1650618315-sirius-mini-sound-noise-recording.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1650618315-sirius-mini-sound-noise-recording.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1650618315-sirius-mini-sound-noise-recording.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1650618315-sirius-mini-sound-noise-recording.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1650618315-sirius-mini-sound-noise-recording.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="SIRIUS mini sound and noise recording" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">SIRIUS mini sound and noise recording</figcaption></figure><p>SIRIUS mini is a very small USB-powered DAQ system configured with four high dynamic analog inputs for direct voltage or IEPE/ICP signals. Each amplifier has two 24-bit Sigma-Delta ADCs with up to 200 kHz sampling rate per channel and built-in anti-aliasing filtering. The result is a dynamic range up to 160 dB, perfect for sound and vibration measurements.</p><p>Simply connect the SIRIUS mini to a Windows® computer and run the included DewesoftX software, and you have a powerful four-channel DAQ system for hundreds of applications in sound and vibration measurement.</p><p>Each of the four analog inputs can handle any IEPE powered condenser or piezoelectric microphone, or IEPE accelerometer. You can also use externally polarized condenser mics by powering them externally. </p><p>You will see that the input specifications are almost identical to the ACC amplifier in the SIRIUS DualCore series shown in the previous section:</p><div class="chakra-table__container css-zipzvv"><table class="chakra-table css-1qi9lo1"><thead class="css-0"><tr class="css-0"><th class="css-1pt5pj9"> </th><th class="css-1pt5pj9">SIRIUS mini</th></tr></thead><tbody class="css-rdeq8s"><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Connector</td><td class="css-mca6xb">BNC</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">#Channels</td><td class="css-mca6xb">4</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Sample Rate (max.)</td><td class="css-mca6xb">200 kS/s/ch</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Resolution</td><td class="css-mca6xb">24-bit</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Dynamic Range</td><td class="css-mca6xb">-140 dB (-160 dB @ DualCore)</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Bandwidth</td><td class="css-mca6xb">~ 76 kHz</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Voltage Ranges</td><td class="css-mca6xb">±500 mV or ±10 V</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Input Coupling</td><td class="css-mca6xb">DC or AC 0.1 Hz, 1 Hz</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">IEPE sensor power</td><td class="css-mca6xb">2, 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20 mA</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Over voltage protection</td><td class="css-mca6xb">In+ to In-: 50 V continuous; 200 V peak (10 ms)</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Counter option</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Yes</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">More functions</td><td class="css-mca6xb">TEDS interface, built-in sensor databaseAutomatic sensor error detection</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Sensor Compatibility</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Prepolarized condenser mics, piezoelectric mics, externally polarized mics with an external power sourceIEPE accelerometers</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Size</td><td class="css-mca6xb">146 x 139 x 64 mm (5.7 x 5.4 x 2.5 in.)</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Weight</td><td class="css-mca6xb">0.74 kg (1.63 lbs)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>With the optional SuperCounter input, you can add encoders and tacho sensors for doing order tracking on rotating machines and more.</p><p>SIRIUS mini is powered by your notebook computer and easily fits in a backpack.</p><p><strong>Learn more:</strong></p><p><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="SIRIUS® Mini" href="https://dewesoft.com/products/sirius-mini"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659516795-sirius-mini-cover.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659516795-sirius-mini-cover.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659516795-sirius-mini-cover.png?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659516795-sirius-mini-cover.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659516795-sirius-mini-cover.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659516795-sirius-mini-cover.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659516795-sirius-mini-cover.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659516795-sirius-mini-cover.png?auto=format&w=140" alt="SIRIUS mini data acquisition system" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">SIRIUS® Mini</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx">Portable 4-Channel Sound and Vibration Analyzer</span></div></div></a></p><h3 id="dewe-43a" class="post-heading">DEWE-43A </h3><p>The DEWE-43A is a small USB-powered DAQ system configured with eight universal analog inputs, eight SuperCounters, and two CAN BUS interfaces.</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9Ijc1MCI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABgAAAASCAMAAAB2Mu6sAAABhlBMVEVkYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5tcr7rAAAAgnRSTlMAAQIDBQcJCwwODxASExQVFxkaHR4fICEiIyQmJygqKy8wMTM1ODk6Oz0+P0BBREVHSElKS0xNTk9QUVNUVVZZW1xdX2BiY2RlZmhqa2xtbm9wcXN0dXZ3eHl6e3x9fn+Bg4SFhoeJi4yNjo+QkpOUlZeYmZucnZ6goqSlpqisr7Gzli1ycQAAAMxJREFUeNqtkEtuQyEMRbExhkCygM6y/501k76WPODxMUWROqjSSh3UQx/5XPmS+mXoaaPHDwB9cCB5T1+ASAMieXu+GBwl3nMlJuudNRpAG/aXwNDyFveDrsaenWOtJhCfvNWqZ2ZX6YVcCNbAlEUsa5waEZY9mJP362D0IV0JgZSP7f1+0JQhDWS0Wrsg6Vn3uMV00I61uZVYculdgZKS0xaX6rYiDc1eUm5N5hw9tccHr9rxErRjT8e3St4UMuOsZT51JaX8qcT/B58rCWbqmiTINgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659957949-dewe-43a-cover.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659957949-dewe-43a-cover.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659957949-dewe-43a-cover.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659957949-dewe-43a-cover.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659957949-dewe-43a-cover.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659957949-dewe-43a-cover.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659957949-dewe-43a-cover.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659957949-dewe-43a-cover.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659957949-dewe-43a-cover.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="DEWE-43A data acquisition system" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">DEWE-43A data acquisition system</figcaption></figure><p>Each amplifier has a 24-bit Sigma-Delta ADC with up to 200 kHz sampling rate per channel and built-in anti-aliasing filtering. Each of the analog inputs can directly measure voltage or full-bridge sensors. But it becomes a sound and acceleration measuring tool when you plug tiny DSI-ACC adapters into the analog inputs. The DSI-ACC adapters allow the direct connection of IEPE mics and accelerometers.</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMjQiPjwvc3ZnPg==" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBhIKDxIRDw4RDw0QCAcJDhIJFgcYFxMZGCIfFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDw0OHBEOGS8oGiIvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABgAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAEBAAMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFAAEDB//EABsQAAIDAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAQMEESMS/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgH/xAAYEQEBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAATECIf/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8A6xtviED00LMmd8tNQIr2xYHqkbstXhBvXlSHL4hvXT5hleXrEQO9WNrZ/mDBEOYj/9k=" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1651674181-dsi-acc-all.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1651674181-dsi-acc-all.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1651674181-dsi-acc-all.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1651674181-dsi-acc-all.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1651674181-dsi-acc-all.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1651674181-dsi-acc-all.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1651674181-dsi-acc-all.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1651674181-dsi-acc-all.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1651674181-dsi-acc-all.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Tiny DSI adapters plug into any of the analog inputs of the DEWE-43A" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Tiny DSI adapters plug into any of the analog inputs of the DEWE-43A</figcaption></figure><p>Simply connect the DEWE-43A to a Windows® computer and run the included DewesoftX software, and you have a powerful 8-channel DAQ system for hundreds of applications in sound and vibration measurement … and more.</p><p>Configured with a DSI-ACC adapter, each analog input can handle any IEPE powered condenser or piezoelectric microphone, or IEPE accelerometer. You can also use externally polarized condenser mics by powering them externally. By using the DSI-CHG adapter you can connect charge accelerometers. There are other DSI adapters for other sensors, including LVDTs, current, voltages up to ±200, and more.</p><p>Here are the DEWE-43A specifications with DSI-ACC adapters:</p><div class="chakra-table__container css-zipzvv"><table class="chakra-table css-1qi9lo1"><thead class="css-0"><tr class="css-0"><th class="css-1pt5pj9"> </th><th class="css-1pt5pj9">DEWE-43A with DSI-ACC adapter</th></tr></thead><tbody class="css-rdeq8s"><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Connector</td><td class="css-mca6xb">BNC</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">#channels</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Up to 8</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Sample rate (max.)</td><td class="css-mca6xb">200 kS/s/ch</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Resolution</td><td class="css-mca6xb">24-bit</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Signal-to-noise ratio</td><td class="css-mca6xb">0.1 kS/s to 51.2 kS/s: 105 dB51.2 kS/s to 102.4 kS/s: 100 dB102.4 kS/s to 200 kS/s: 75 dB</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Bandwidth</td><td class="css-mca6xb">~ 76 kHz</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Voltage ranges</td><td class="css-mca6xb">±10 mV, ±100 mV, ±1 V, ±10 V</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">IEPE sensor power</td><td class="css-mca6xb">20 mA</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Over voltage protection</td><td class="css-mca6xb">±70 V</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Counters</td><td class="css-mca6xb">8 isolated SuperCounters built-in</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">CAN BUS</td><td class="css-mca6xb">2 isolated CAN BUS interfaces built-in</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">More functions</td><td class="css-mca6xb">TEDS interface for DSI identification, built-in sensor database</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Sensor compatibility</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Prepolarized condenser mics, piezoelectric mics, externally polarized mics with the external power sourceIEPE accelerometers</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Size</td><td class="css-mca6xb">225 x 80 x 45 mm (8.8 x 3.1 x 1.7 in.)</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Weight</td><td class="css-mca6xb">0.72 kg (1.59 lbs)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>By using any of the eight included SuperCounter inputs you can add encoders and tacho sensors for doing order tracking on rotating machines and more.</p><p>DEWE-43 is powered from a wide-range DC power and includes an AC/DC adapter. You can fit several of them in any backpack.</p><p><strong>Learn more:</strong></p><p><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="DEWE-43A" href="https://dewesoft.com/products/dewe-43"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABgAAAASCAMAAAB2Mu6sAAABhlBMVEVkYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5kYF5tcr7rAAAAgnRSTlMAAQIDBQcJCwwODxASExQVFxkaHR4fICEiIyQmJygqKy8wMTM1ODk6Oz0+P0BBREVHSElKS0xNTk9QUVNUVVZZW1xdX2BiY2RlZmhqa2xtbm9wcXN0dXZ3eHl6e3x9fn+Bg4SFhoeJi4yNjo+QkpOUlZeYmZucnZ6goqSlpqisr7Gzli1ycQAAAMxJREFUeNqtkEtuQyEMRbExhkCygM6y/501k76WPODxMUWROqjSSh3UQx/5XPmS+mXoaaPHDwB9cCB5T1+ASAMieXu+GBwl3nMlJuudNRpAG/aXwNDyFveDrsaenWOtJhCfvNWqZ2ZX6YVcCNbAlEUsa5waEZY9mJP362D0IV0JgZSP7f1+0JQhDWS0Wrsg6Vn3uMV00I61uZVYculdgZKS0xaX6rYiDc1eUm5N5hw9tccHr9rxErRjT8e3St4UMuOsZT51JaX8qcT/B58rCWbqmiTINgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659957949-dewe-43a-cover.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659957949-dewe-43a-cover.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659957949-dewe-43a-cover.png?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659957949-dewe-43a-cover.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659957949-dewe-43a-cover.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659957949-dewe-43a-cover.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659957949-dewe-43a-cover.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1659957949-dewe-43a-cover.png?auto=format&w=140" alt="DEWE-43A data acquisition system" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">DEWE-43A</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx">8-Channel USB Data Acquisition (DAQ) System</span></div></div></a></p><h3 id="krypton-series" class="post-heading">KRYPTON series</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjU3NiI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABgAAAAOCAMAAAACJixMAAACAVBMVEWGdm6Gdm6Hdm2Hdm2Hdm2Hdm2Hdm2Hdm2Hdm6Hdm6Hdm6Hdm6Hdm6Hdm6Hdm6Hdm6Hdm6Hdm6Hdm6Hdm6IdmyIdm2Idm2Idm2Idm2Idm2Idm2Idm2Idm2Idm2Idm2Idm2Idm2Idm2Idm2Idm2Idm2Idm2JdmyJdmyJdmyJdmyJdmyJdmyJdmyJdmyJdmyJdmyJdmyJdmyKdWuKdWuKdWuKdmuKdmuKdmuKdmuKdmuKdmuKdmuKdmuKdmyKdmyLdWqLdWqLdWqLdWqLdWuLdWuLdWuLdWuLdWuMdWmMdWmMdWmMdWqMdWqMdWqMdWqMdWqNdWmNdWmNdWmNdWmNdWmNdWmNdWmOdWiOdWiOdWiOdWiOdWiOdWiPdGePdWePdWePdWePdWiPdWiPdWiQdGaQdGaQdGaQdGaQdGeQdGeQdGeQdGeQdGeRdGaRdGaRdGaSdGWSdGWSdGWSdGWSdGWSdGWSdGWSdGWSdGWSdGWTdGSTdGSTdGSUc2OUc2OUc2OUdGOUdGOUdGOUdGOUdGSUdGSUdGSUdGSVc2KVc2KVc2KVc2KVc2OWc2KWc2KWc2KWc2KWc2KXc2CXc2GXc2GXc2GXc2GXc2GXc2GYc2CYc2CZcl+Zc1+Zc2Cacl6acl+bcl2bcl6ccl2dclyecVueclyfcVqfcVugcVmgcVqhcVlppc4EAAAAq3RSTlOQpCI1UJ64wT9SXWpteX+FkJmptDAABxcYMjVFS1ZgY3KBj6nFzQAYHCw6Rm12nLPP1gAwqAAFFSEqUn26AAgAB4S/ADVe1tsA19sAEDtqsAAbQHWItL8AJ0aJ0dMAADOwAHu3ADx7hAAGSMDCAKOnAAMLP0Zxdo2mpwAMiwBqawk6XmAAPYKDAAgsWAAACSxBQhQAEhkdHi0ABQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgkLRjAAAA/ElEQVR42j3Qy1LDMAwFUNkWMU0TIB2msGDPv/NZDMMCSl9x0li2JFQWyMszd3wlfBNXlJXSkWcukwNdQ10BoDqxV6nEHZeZAMApYAUUVlVaynLiI0E2yBGoNVNQuvA4JipUkpp0wNkSIFxlTCOncplOFt9+8VAMqs91L5mm+klJVeSkd8k+Z89hvj1zSVznj06FmVQM4Drufw7au5vvRysWaihNkhC73Vpe3u+FaSsMA/pGotucdcHNTyevo0juFZ4W9BrUzEs4DGV16K1WHaC2iKxoq2iUh73gc7quAdwDei/CvoGgZchzHv7KmKETVRfYwjNMEO0m0aTlX53juVPj70+3AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261248-krypton-8xacc-moudle-8-iepe-daq.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261248-krypton-8xacc-moudle-8-iepe-daq.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261248-krypton-8xacc-moudle-8-iepe-daq.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261248-krypton-8xacc-moudle-8-iepe-daq.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261248-krypton-8xacc-moudle-8-iepe-daq.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261248-krypton-8xacc-moudle-8-iepe-daq.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261248-krypton-8xacc-moudle-8-iepe-daq.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261248-krypton-8xacc-moudle-8-iepe-daq.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261248-krypton-8xacc-moudle-8-iepe-daq.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="KRYPTON 8xACC module, with 8 IEPE inputs" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">KRYPTON 8xACC module, with 8 IEPE inputs</figcaption></figure><p>KRYPTON is an extremely rugged DAQ series that can be used outdoors and in extreme environments. They’re waterproof, operate in extreme temperatures, and withstand heavy shock and vibration. There are both single-channel and multi-channel KRYPTON modules available. Modules are interconnected using EtherCAT cables, which carry power, timing, and the digitized data back to a host computer running the included DewesoftX DAQ software</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMjQiPjwvc3ZnPg==" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLCgoPDhgVDxUVEx0NDRANFxcZGBgfIhUmHysjGh0oHRUWJTUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBw0JHRAIES8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABgAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAACAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABQEGBwL/xAAfEAABBAICAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIDBAUREjEGEyH/xAAVAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAP/EABQRAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/ANftzJDA5wmrZVrZFTkhz5BZmZVXSKUmrZtOsr32BabHeY9uyCvVJJfSm9kkjzLV2zV/qCCDEsa/kjUACRtHS1HpEAAAv//Z" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1645696901-krypton-1xacc.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1645696901-krypton-1xacc.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1645696901-krypton-1xacc.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1645696901-krypton-1xacc.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1645696901-krypton-1xacc.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1645696901-krypton-1xacc.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1645696901-krypton-1xacc.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1645696901-krypton-1xacc.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1645696901-krypton-1xacc.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="KRYPTON 1xACC single-channel IEPE module" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">KRYPTON 1xACC single-channel IEPE module</figcaption></figure><p>KRYPTON ACC series modules are available for IEPE powered condenser or piezoelectric microphones, or IEPE accelerometers. You can also use externally polarized condenser mics by powering them externally. Each amplifier has a 24-bit Sigma-Delta ADC and built-in anti-aliasing filtering. </p><p>Here are the specifications when using single or multi-channel KRYPTON ACC amplifiers:</p><div class="chakra-table__container css-zipzvv"><table class="chakra-table css-1qi9lo1"><thead class="css-0"><tr class="css-0"><th class="css-1pt5pj9"> </th><th class="css-1pt5pj9">KRYPTON 4xACC</th><th class="css-1pt5pj9">KRYPTON 8xACC</th><th class="css-1pt5pj9">KRYPTON 1xACC</th></tr></thead><tbody class="css-rdeq8s"><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Connector</td><td class="css-mca6xb">BNC</td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">#channels</td><td class="css-mca6xb">4</td><td class="css-mca6xb">8</td><td class="css-mca6xb">1</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Max. sample rate</td><td class="css-mca6xb">20 kS/s/ch</td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb">40 kS/s</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Resolution</td><td class="css-mca6xb">24-bit</td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Dynamic range</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Typical Dynamic Range @ 10 kS/sec:-140 dB @ ±10 V-134 dB @ ±200 mV</td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb">Typ. SFDR (10 kS/sec, -1 dBFS sine wave @ 1 kHz):-113 dB @ ±10 V-106 dB @ ±200 mV</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Bandwidth</td><td class="css-mca6xb">0.49 fs (alias-free bandwidth: 0.453 fs)</td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Voltage ranges</td><td class="css-mca6xb">±10 V, ±5 V, ±1 V, ±200 mV</td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Input coupling</td><td class="css-mca6xb">DC, AC 0.1 Hz, 1 Hz</td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">IEPE sensor power</td><td class="css-mca6xb">4 or 8 mA</td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Input protection</td><td class="css-mca6xb">In+ to In-: 50 V continuous, 200 V peak (10 ms)</td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb">In+ to In-: 50 V continuous, 200 V peak (10 ms) and 125 Vrms channel to ground isolation</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Dimensions</td><td class="css-mca6xb">213 x 39 x 56 mm</td><td class="css-mca6xb">213 x 54 x 56 mm</td><td class="css-mca6xb">62 x 56 x 29 mm</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">More functions</td><td class="css-mca6xb">TEDS interface for DSI identification, built-in sensor database</td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Sensor Compatibility</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Prepolarized condenser mics, piezoelectric mics, externally polarized mics with an external power sourceIEPE accelerometers</td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td><td class="css-mca6xb"></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Note: KRYPTON-1xACC can sample at 50 kHz if it is the only module in the EtherCAT chain. This feature is useful for the microphone measurements where a 50 kHz sampling rate is required.</p><p><strong>Learn more:</strong></p><p><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="KRYPTON®" href="https://dewesoft.com/products/krypton"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654680052-krypton-daq-systems.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654680052-krypton-daq-systems.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654680052-krypton-daq-systems.png?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654680052-krypton-daq-systems.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654680052-krypton-daq-systems.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654680052-krypton-daq-systems.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654680052-krypton-daq-systems.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654680052-krypton-daq-systems.png?auto=format&w=140" alt="KRYPTON rugged data acquisition (DAQ) systems" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">KRYPTON®</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx">Rugged EtherCAT Data Acquisition (DAQ) System</span></div></div></a></p><h2 id="sound-measurement-and-sound-analysis-software" class="post-heading">Sound measurement and sound analysis software</h2><p>DewesoftX DAQ software can handle a variety of acoustic, sound and noise measurement applications, including sound power, sound intensity, sound quality, and more. Here is a short overview of these turn-key software solutions:</p><h3 id="sound-level-meter" class="post-heading">Sound level meter</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjkyMiI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070961-sound-level-meter-real-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070961-sound-level-meter-real-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070961-sound-level-meter-real-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070961-sound-level-meter-real-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070961-sound-level-meter-real-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070961-sound-level-meter-real-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070961-sound-level-meter-real-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070961-sound-level-meter-real-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070961-sound-level-meter-real-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Screenshot from a DewesoftX sound level metering test" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Screenshot from a DewesoftX sound level metering test</figcaption></figure><p>This DewesoftX software add-on is an IEC 61672 Class 1 sound level meter. It makes IEC 60651, IEC 60804 measurements in both air and water. Acoustic measurements can be combined with all other physical measurement parameters, vehicle bus systems, video, GPS, and other math to build a thorough image of your entire measurement. </p><p>Predefined standard frequency weighting A, B, C, D, and Z), time weighting (Fast, Slow or Impulse), sound pressure level, equivalent, peak, minimum and maximum sound pressure levels, sound energy, impulsivity of sound, statistical noise level (LAF1, 5, 10, 50, 90, 95 and 99 % classes of values) are all available at the same time.</p><p>Flexible displays offering digital meters, analog bars, time-domain recorders, narrowband FFT, and octave analyzers can be freely combined to show your SLM data in real-time as well as in post-processing.</p><p><strong>Learn more:</strong></p><p><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="Sound Level Measurement" href="https://dewesoft.com/applications/sound-level-measurement"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLCgoLFRgNDg0WDhUNFg0YFx8ZGCIfIiEdHysjGikoHSEWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDQoOEAoKEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEBgABAv/EAB4QAAEEAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMAAQIRBAYHITEF/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgD/xAAUEQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwATP47gQHSI+PojYoHpPGVN4jWsMljqkSKcdZlB/FSdDMzDulFJ/9k=" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format&w=140" alt="Dewesoft sound level meter" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">Sound Level Measurement</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx"></span></div></div></a></p><h3 id="sound-power" class="post-heading">Sound power</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjYzMiI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLDQ0WDhYNDQ0LDhcNFg0NFx4ZGBYVFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBQUFEAUQEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA8AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAXAAEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGAQcA/8QAHhAAAgICAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQMABQIhBhEEEjH/xAAVAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAP/EABQRAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AM7rbXNjxqJR5rBiD1JXcZStoOojwo1enwQkAXNk05dDEyRRYceTkzYE6Sf/2Q==" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Sound power dome" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Sound power dome</figcaption></figure><p>This DewesoftX software add-on is fully compliant with relevant sound power standards ISO 3741, ISO 3743-1, ISO 3743-2, ISO 3744, ISO 3745, ISO 6393, ISO 6394, ISO 6395, ISO 6396.</p><p>The software steps the user through the entire measurement, including entering all relevant parameters regarding the positions of the mics around the hemisphere (according to standards), microphone calibration, and more.</p><p>After the test, the software allows the test operator to generate a standardized Microsoft Excel® report document with just a few clicks.</p><p>All calculated parameters are available during measurement as well as offline; rapid calculation of correction factors K1 (background noise measurement), K2 (room correction with integrated RT60 module), C1, C2 and C3 (deviations due to variations in temperature and barometric pressure); support for raw time-domain data storing and offline sound power calculation.</p><p><strong>Learn more:</strong></p><p><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="Sound Power Measurement" href="https://dewesoft.com/applications/sound-power"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLDQ0WDhYNDQ0LDhcNFg0NFx4ZGBYVFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBQUFEAUQEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA8AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAXAAEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGAQcA/8QAHhAAAgICAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQMABQIhBhEEEjH/xAAVAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAP/EABQRAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AM7rbXNjxqJR5rBiD1JXcZStoOojwo1enwQkAXNk05dDEyRRYceTkzYE6Sf/2Q==" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140" alt="Sound power dome" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">Sound Power Measurement</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx"></span></div></div></a></p><h3 id="sound-quality" class="post-heading">Sound quality</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjU0NSI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLCgoLDhIVFQ0NDh0PFR0eFx8dHRYVHBcmKzcvGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHBAQHDsoIig1Lzs7Oy87Oy87NTsvLy8vLy8vLzs7Ly8vNS8vLy8vLy8vNS8vLy8vLy8vNS8vLy8vL//AABEIAA0AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABgMEB//EAB4QAAEDBAMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAhEDBAUHISNR/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwL/xAAaEQACAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQJRBBIh/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwBFGxcy0RLVaxexsnRue2CD4kt9QvMmFJa8VQYUtFKevTQbnYty+rJCEnhjXv5CETiMslUf/9k=" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261704-sound-quality-dewesoft-x-analyse-edited.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261704-sound-quality-dewesoft-x-analyse-edited.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261704-sound-quality-dewesoft-x-analyse-edited.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261704-sound-quality-dewesoft-x-analyse-edited.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261704-sound-quality-dewesoft-x-analyse-edited.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261704-sound-quality-dewesoft-x-analyse-edited.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261704-sound-quality-dewesoft-x-analyse-edited.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261704-sound-quality-dewesoft-x-analyse-edited.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666261704-sound-quality-dewesoft-x-analyse-edited.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Screenshot from a DewesoftX sound quality loudness test" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Screenshot from a DewesoftX sound quality loudness test</figcaption></figure><p>Sound quality measurement is an indispensable tool. These measurements address the need to empirically evaluate how sound produced by different kinds of machines are perceived by the human ear. </p><p>A variety of sound quality tests are handled by the software, including:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Loudness calculation</strong> according to ISO 532-1 and ISO 532-2: Acoustics - Methods for calculating loudness - Zwicker method and Moore-Glasberg method</p></li><li><p><strong>Normal equal loudness contours calculation</strong> according to (and based on) the ISO 226 standard</p></li><li><p><strong>Sharpness </strong>is calculated from specific loudness, which is determined according to ISO 532-1 and ISO 532-2 standards</p></li><li><p><strong>Speech intelligibility and extended articulation measurements</strong> of perception while other sounds are present</p></li><li><p><strong>Noise criterion </strong>(USA) and Noise Rating (EU) tests</p></li><li><p><strong>Prominence ratio calculation</strong> in accordance with ISO 7779 - measurement of airborne noise emitted by information technology and telecommunications equipment.</p></li><li><p>And more…</p></li></ul><p>But perhaps the most important thing to know is that, unlike a dedicated sound quality meter, Dewesoft systems can measure anything. They are not limited to just measuring sound. That means that you can make sound quality measurements AND measure other parameters as well, allowing you to compare the operation of the machine with the resulting sound quality.</p><p><strong>Learn more:</strong></p><p><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="Sound Quality Measurement" href="https://dewesoft.com/applications/sound-quality"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoPCAgRFQ0LDhENDQ0NDhUNFg0YFxUZGBYfFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OFQ0NGC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA8AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAXAAADAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAUD/8QAGxAAAgIDAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQBAgMRIRP/xAAWAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgD/xAAWEQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEhH/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AI2G0Sa5raxkdVq2xlhmfMFSVbnoE55y1YA2GH//2Q==" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140" alt="Dewesoft sound quality" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">Sound Quality Measurement</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx"></span></div></div></a></p><h3 id="sound-intensity" class="post-heading">Sound intensity </h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjU4NSI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLChELDhUVDhUXDh0VDhUVFx0ZGCIVFhUdJSsjGh0oHRUiJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHBAQHDsdFig7LzUvLy87Ly8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAXAAEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAID/8QAIBAAAAUEAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECAwUEBhGREyQxIv/EABUBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQC/8QAGxEAAgEFAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIAAxQhQVH/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/ADxt8S3Pgmz0LOXrOHIfLStAsXUoTUZ4iB66fOmlCJLCfQcOWMl66DU3lL0uRDpGllWhASRuxWS6yRAoJiReLyf/2Q==" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262008-dewesoftx-sound-intensity-on-motorcycle-engine.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262008-dewesoftx-sound-intensity-on-motorcycle-engine.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262008-dewesoftx-sound-intensity-on-motorcycle-engine.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262008-dewesoftx-sound-intensity-on-motorcycle-engine.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262008-dewesoftx-sound-intensity-on-motorcycle-engine.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262008-dewesoftx-sound-intensity-on-motorcycle-engine.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262008-dewesoftx-sound-intensity-on-motorcycle-engine.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262008-dewesoftx-sound-intensity-on-motorcycle-engine.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262008-dewesoftx-sound-intensity-on-motorcycle-engine.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Screenshot from a DewesoftX sound intensity test on a motorcycle engine" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Screenshot from a DewesoftX sound intensity test on a motorcycle engine</figcaption></figure><p>The DewesoftX sound intensity software add-on complies with Sound Intensity-based Sound Power calculation - Discrete points method (ISO 9614-1) and Scanning method (ISO 9614-2). It is a complete measurement solution, providing precise noise source location or sound power calculation, without the need for any special environment such as a reverberation room or anechoic chamber.</p><p>Depending on the direction of sound waves travel (from microphone A to B or vice versa), our plugin will display different values (positive or negative) as the noise source moves along the axis of the probe. When the probe is perpendicular to the noise source (located directly above it), the visual control inside Dewesoft X3 DAQ software will toggle between positive and negative values. This process is done for the horizontal and vertical alignment of the probe axis, the sound.</p><p><strong>Learn more:</strong></p><p><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="Sound Intensity Measurement" href="https://dewesoft.com/applications/sound-intensity"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoIEAgLDQ0NDg4NDQ0NGhENDQ8YFxgZGBYVFhUaHysjGh0oHSEWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHA0NEC8dFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA8AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAACAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADBAECBQD/xAAdEAACAgEFAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgEEEQMFEhMx/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwD/xAAWEQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABABH/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AEt0tp1TGTHrY1GkHuGqzL6CoPKk0TlleMHFLTzKkBZMN//Z" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format&w=140" alt="Sound intensity hero" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">Sound Intensity Measurement</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx"></span></div></div></a></p><h3 id="octave-band-analysis" class="post-heading">Octave band analysis</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMjQiPjwvc3ZnPg==" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653984915-octave-band-analysis-averaging.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653984915-octave-band-analysis-averaging.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653984915-octave-band-analysis-averaging.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653984915-octave-band-analysis-averaging.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653984915-octave-band-analysis-averaging.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653984915-octave-band-analysis-averaging.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653984915-octave-band-analysis-averaging.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653984915-octave-band-analysis-averaging.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653984915-octave-band-analysis-averaging.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Octave band analysis averaging" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Octave band analysis averaging</figcaption></figure><p>The DewesoftX octave band analysis software add-on is an indispensable tool for sound measurement. Octave band analysis provides a close approximation of how the human ear will respond to the measured sound. Dewesoft octave band analyzer meets all of the IEC and ANSI specifications for octave filters, providing true octave analysis as defined by the IEC 61260 standards. It also provides selectable synthesized octave analysis for large channel count testing applications. </p><p>Standard frequency weighting curves (A, B, C, D, and Z) can be applied directly in a frequency domain for the analysis of sound. DewesoftX provides a very narrow band analysis down to the 1/24th octave.</p><p>In octave band analysis, averaging is often used to get more stable results. There are three averaging modes available:</p><ul><li><p>Linear averaging - each FFT counts the same</p></li><li><p>Exponential averaging - FFTs become less and less important with time</p></li><li><p>Peak hold averaging - only maximum results are stored and shown</p></li></ul><p><strong>Learn more:</strong></p><p><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="Octave Band Analyzer" href="https://dewesoft.com/applications/octave-analysis"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653984912-dewesoft-octave-band-analyzer.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653984912-dewesoft-octave-band-analyzer.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653984912-dewesoft-octave-band-analyzer.png?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653984912-dewesoft-octave-band-analyzer.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653984912-dewesoft-octave-band-analyzer.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653984912-dewesoft-octave-band-analyzer.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653984912-dewesoft-octave-band-analyzer.png?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1653984912-dewesoft-octave-band-analyzer.png?auto=format&w=140" alt="Dewesoft octave band analyzer" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">Octave Band Analyzer</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx"></span></div></div></a></p><h3 id="reverberation-time-rt60" class="post-heading">Reverberation time RT60</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMjQiPjwvc3ZnPg==" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgFCgoFBQwFBQUFBREJCgUMFxMZGBYTFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBQUFEAUFEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABgAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAVAAEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB//EABQQAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/xAAVAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAv/EABQRAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AKcAlQAAAAAD/9k=" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654699247-rt60-reverberation-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654699247-rt60-reverberation-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654699247-rt60-reverberation-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654699247-rt60-reverberation-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654699247-rt60-reverberation-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654699247-rt60-reverberation-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654699247-rt60-reverberation-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654699247-rt60-reverberation-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654699247-rt60-reverberation-time.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="RT60 reverberation time" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">RT60 reverberation time</figcaption></figure><p>Reverberation time is the time required for the sound pressure level to fall for 60 dB from its initial level. Sound waves in a room will repeatedly bounce off reflective surfaces. Reverberant sound is the collection of all the reflected sounds in an environment.</p><p>When reflections mix with each other, a phenomenon known as reverberation is created. Reverberation reduces when multiple reflections hit absorbent surfaces such as curtains, chairs, and tables. Reverberation is a key parameter when qualifying the acoustic status of a room.</p><p>The DewesoftX reverberation time RT60 software add-on performs the required calculations according to the ISO 354 standard, using the integrated response method. Reverberation time math calculates several parameters and outputs them as separate channels, including:</p><ul><li><p>T - measured reverberation time</p></li><li><p>ETC - sound energy-time curve</p></li><li><p>Octave time data - octave analysis type can be selected from 1/1 or 1/3 octave</p></li><li><p>Line fit - fitted curve on the energy-time curve</p></li></ul><p>The Dewesoft Reverberation Time measurement solution is fully compliant with relevant ISO standards, including ISO 3382 and ISO 354.</p><p><strong>Learn more:</strong></p><p><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="RT60 Measurement" href="https://dewesoft.com/applications/reverberation-time"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoIEggLFRILDhgMFQ0NDhUSDg4NFxQdGCITFhUmKCsjHR0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyHSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHBANHDsoFhwvLy8vLy87Ly8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA8AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFBgABA//EACAQAAAFAwUAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgMFBCEyExQiMUH/xAAVAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADAv/EABgRAAMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAhED/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwBZiZptauwfOUb0zv4EGJpjS5kGHbqNOQOoeiquZjXSjRPncQApakUl0+QsWoeEuuZ//9k=" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654699244-dewesoft-rt60-reverberation-time.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654699244-dewesoft-rt60-reverberation-time.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654699244-dewesoft-rt60-reverberation-time.jpg?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654699244-dewesoft-rt60-reverberation-time.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654699244-dewesoft-rt60-reverberation-time.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654699244-dewesoft-rt60-reverberation-time.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654699244-dewesoft-rt60-reverberation-time.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654699244-dewesoft-rt60-reverberation-time.jpg?auto=format&w=140" alt="Dewesoft RT60 reverberation time" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">RT60 Measurement</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx"></span></div></div></a><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="NVH Testing" href="https://dewesoft.com/applications/nvh-testing"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBg4REQgLEA8NDg0JDgkNDhEODw0YFxUZGCIVFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHBANEC8dFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABAAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAXAAADAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwUE/8QAHBAAAgICAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECBAMREhRB/8QAFgEAAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAME/8QAGBEAAwEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAERAwL/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AGRpzXg7rPib1HYxYdxLudWLhAuU3OIFfNiSQA9WEP/Z" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662020518-nvh-testing.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662020518-nvh-testing.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662020518-nvh-testing.jpg?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662020518-nvh-testing.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662020518-nvh-testing.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662020518-nvh-testing.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662020518-nvh-testing.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662020518-nvh-testing.jpg?auto=format&w=140" alt="NVH testing - semi anechoic chamber" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">NVH Testing</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx">NVH Testing (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness)</span></div></div></a><a class="chakra-link inline-record css-1fa4a4q" title="Acoustics" href="https://dewesoft.com/applications/acoustics"><div class="chakra-stack css-14dvn9n"><div class="css-9phq98"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICBISChYXDhgWDQ0RDhgeFg4QFx8ZGBYVIiEgHyslJh0oHSEWJDUxKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDgUNFQUQHS8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABEAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAEBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGAQAFBP/EACEQAAIABQQDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgMFBjMEERKBEyFR/8QAFgEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIA/8QAFBEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8AFU+6PLqVuJIa3DFsw7SrSjWoTYulWtxgTfwlQzW7lUp8V7KemrWpLnzdiCCSm50JXi6IYC4GszshjGZ//9k=" style="object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662110235-acoustics-testing-solutions.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.5 70w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662110235-acoustics-testing-solutions.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=0.75 105w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662110235-acoustics-testing-solutions.jpg?auto=format&w=140 140w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662110235-acoustics-testing-solutions.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=1.5 210w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662110235-acoustics-testing-solutions.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=2 280w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662110235-acoustics-testing-solutions.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=3 420w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662110235-acoustics-testing-solutions.jpg?auto=format&w=140&dpr=4 560w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1662110235-acoustics-testing-solutions.jpg?auto=format&w=140" alt="Acoustic testing and measurement solutions" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div></div><div class="chakra-stack css-utf5z"><span class="chakra-text css-0">Acoustics</span><span class="chakra-text css-1kn4uyx">Acoustic Testing and Measurement Solutions</span></div></div></a></p><h3 id="static-engine-noise-certification" class="post-heading">Static engine noise certification</h3><p>Static engine noise testing can be performed using the Microphone correction module in DewesoftX. By using this module sound pressure levels and spectral data are corrected for both the microphone response, system response, sound incidence angle, air absorption, and many other corrections, allowing the test to adhere to the standards which presumes such applied corrections.</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjY1NCI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgFCgoFBQwFBQUFBREJCgUMFxMZGBYTFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBQUFEAUFEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABAAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAVAAEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB//EABQQAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/xAAVAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAP/EABQRAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/ALEAJACT/9k=" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331621-parameters-used-when-applying-microphone-corrections-for-static-engine-noise-testing.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331621-parameters-used-when-applying-microphone-corrections-for-static-engine-noise-testing.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331621-parameters-used-when-applying-microphone-corrections-for-static-engine-noise-testing.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331621-parameters-used-when-applying-microphone-corrections-for-static-engine-noise-testing.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331621-parameters-used-when-applying-microphone-corrections-for-static-engine-noise-testing.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331621-parameters-used-when-applying-microphone-corrections-for-static-engine-noise-testing.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331621-parameters-used-when-applying-microphone-corrections-for-static-engine-noise-testing.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331621-parameters-used-when-applying-microphone-corrections-for-static-engine-noise-testing.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331621-parameters-used-when-applying-microphone-corrections-for-static-engine-noise-testing.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="The sketch illustrates some of the parameters used when applying microphone corrections for Static engine noise testing. One microphone is shown, but multiple microphones are used simultaneously to cover the full measurement surface of the radiated noise." style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">The sketch illustrates some of the parameters used when applying microphone corrections for Static engine noise testing. One microphone is shown, but multiple microphones are used simultaneously to cover the full measurement surface of the radiated noise.</figcaption></figure><p>Typically static engine noise testing follows a list of measurement steps as indicated below:</p><ul><li><p>Before measurements</p><ul><li><p>System frequency response before</p></li><li><p>Sensitivity calibration before</p></li><li><p>Microphone response setup</p></li><li><p>Environmental dependency setup</p></li><li><p>Mic. distances, sound incidence and other custom correction setup</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Engine noise measurement</p><ul><li><p>Background measurement before</p></li><li><p>DUT noise measurement</p></li><li><p>Background measurement after</p></li></ul></li><li><p>After measurements</p><ul><li><p>Sensitivity calibration after</p></li><li><p>System frequency response after</p></li></ul></li></ul><p>With the procedure listed above the static engine noise can be measured and determined with all related corrections taken into account, while also being compared to the original microphone measurements with no corrections.</p><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:887px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSI4ODciIGhlaWdodD0iNzQzIj48L3N2Zz4=" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331718-background-noise-measurement-procedure-step.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 221w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331718-background-noise-measurement-procedure-step.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 443w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331718-background-noise-measurement-procedure-step.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 665w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331718-background-noise-measurement-procedure-step.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 887w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331718-background-noise-measurement-procedure-step.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1330w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331718-background-noise-measurement-procedure-step.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 1774w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331718-background-noise-measurement-procedure-step.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 2661w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331718-background-noise-measurement-procedure-step.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 3548w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1686331718-background-noise-measurement-procedure-step.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Pre-defined Measure display layout, here shown for the Background noise measurement procedure step." style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Pre-defined Measure display layout, here shown for the Background noise measurement procedure step.</figcaption></figure><p>The manual for the Microphone correction application in DewesoftX can be found here: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="chakra-link css-spn4bz" href="https://downloads.dewesoft.com/manuals/dewesoft-microphone-correction-manual-en.pdf" title="Microphone correction manual">Microphone correction SW manual.</a></p><h2 id="microphone-manufacturers" class="post-heading">Microphone manufacturers</h2><p>There are many more manufacturers of microphones than the ones shown below. This list is focused on those specializing in microphones used for sound measurement applications, as opposed to musical or public address applications.</p><ul><li><p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.pcb.com/about">PCB Piezotronics</a></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.grasacoustics.com/about-us">Gras Acoustics</a></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.bksv.com/en/about">Bruel & Kjaer</a></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.kistler.com/en/about-us/">Kistler</a></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.nti-audio.com/en/company">NTI audio AG</a></p></li></ul><h2 id="other-useful-tools" class="post-heading">Other useful tools</h2><h3 id="sound-level-meters" class="post-heading">Sound level meters</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjY4NiI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262181-hand-held-slm.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262181-hand-held-slm.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262181-hand-held-slm.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262181-hand-held-slm.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262181-hand-held-slm.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262181-hand-held-slm.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262181-hand-held-slm.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262181-hand-held-slm.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262181-hand-held-slm.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Typical hand-held sound level meter, Image credit Cirrus Research Plc, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Typical hand-held sound level meter, Image credit Cirrus Research Plc, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons</figcaption></figure><p>Sound level meters are portable or hand-held devices that are used to conduct sound level measurements in the laboratory, factory floor, or field. There are a variety of sizes and shapes available from different manufacturers, and they are offered in both Class 1 and Class 2 configurations, with Class 1 being more accurate. Some standardized tests specifically require a Class 1 sound level meter, for example.</p><h3 id="noise-level-dosimeters" class="post-heading">Noise level dosimeters</h3><figure class="css-1bujgkd"><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-width:1024px"><img style="display:block;width:100%" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIxMDI0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjYyMCI+PC9zdmc+" aria-hidden="true" alt=""/><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLCgoXDhgQDRcNDh0PFREYFx8ZGBYTFiEaHysjHR0oHRUiJDUlKC0vMjIyHSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLAg0OHA0NHDscFhw7NS8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA8AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAACAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFBgECBwD/xAAfEAABBAICAwAAAAAAAAAAAAABAAIEBQMREmETIVH/xAAWAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAwD/xAAZEQACAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEQIEFQX/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AGnLILKpwPxD6bKeZPaCTr54g60r0tkXYOWkrWwzVspGoYD5YQ9qUrxrx7IulyhHYQpS5TP/2Q==" style="transition:opacity 500ms;opacity:1;position:absolute;left:-5%;top:-5%;width:110%;height:110%;max-width:none;max-height:none"/><noscript><picture><source srcSet="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262257-wearable-noise-level-dosimeter.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.25 256w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262257-wearable-noise-level-dosimeter.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.5 512w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262257-wearable-noise-level-dosimeter.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=0.75 768w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262257-wearable-noise-level-dosimeter.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024 1024w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262257-wearable-noise-level-dosimeter.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=1.5 1536w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262257-wearable-noise-level-dosimeter.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=2 2048w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262257-wearable-noise-level-dosimeter.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=3 3072w,https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262257-wearable-noise-level-dosimeter.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024&dpr=4 4096w"/><img src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666262257-wearable-noise-level-dosimeter.png?auto=format&fit=max&w=1024" alt="Man with a wearable noise level dosimeter on his right shoulder. Image © Cirrus Research PLC" style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:none;max-height:none" loading="lazy"/></picture></noscript></div><figcaption class="css-38zu32">Man with a wearable noise level dosimeter on his right shoulder. Image © Cirrus Research PLC</figcaption></figure><p>A noise meter or noise level dosimeter is similar to a sound level meter, except that it is normally smaller and intended to be used to measure personal noise level exposure. They are less capable than sound-level meters, but their application is different. Dosimeters are often unobtrusive and even worn by a person. Their noise level is measured throughout the entire workday, collecting their entire exposure. </p><h2 id="common-terms-and-acronyms" class="post-heading">Common terms and acronyms</h2><div class="chakra-table__container css-zipzvv"><table class="chakra-table css-1qi9lo1"><thead class="css-0"><tr class="css-0"><th class="css-1pt5pj9">Term</th><th class="css-1pt5pj9">Definition</th></tr></thead><tbody class="css-rdeq8s"><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">CTN</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Cartridge Thermal Noise</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">dB</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Decibels, a unit of sound pressure expressed in a logarithmic scale</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">FFT</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Fast Fourier Transform</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Mic</td><td class="css-mca6xb">A common abbreviation of the word “microphone”</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">NVH</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Noise, Vibration and Harshness</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">Pa</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Pascals, a unit of sound pressure (also sometimes abbreviated as P)</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">SNR</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Signal-to-Noise Ratio</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">SPL</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Sound pressure level</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">THD</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Total Harmonic Distortion</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">v</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Particle Velocity</td></tr><tr class="css-0"><td class="css-34pik7">W</td><td class="css-mca6xb">Watts, unit of sound power</td></tr></tbody></table></div><h2 id="attributions" class="post-heading">Attributions</h2><ul><li><p><a target="_blank" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1998459">Omnidirectional polar pattern microphone by Galak76 - self-made, Adobe Illustrator, CC BY-SA 3.0</a></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50230608">Cardioid Polar Pattern by Nicoguaro - Own work, CC BY 4.0</a></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2025987">Supercardioid Polar Pattern by Galak76 - self-made, Adobe Illustrator, CC BY-SA 3.0</a></p></li><li><p><a target="_blank" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2025987">Hypercardioid Polar Pattern by Galak76 - self-made, Adobe Illustrator, CC BY-SA 3.0</a></p></li></ul></span></div></article></div></div></section></main><style data-emotion="css 1y1ta1y">.css-1y1ta1y{background:var(--chakra-colors-blackAlpha-200);padding-top:var(--chakra-space-14);padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-4);}</style><footer class="css-1y1ta1y"><style data-emotion="css 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href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/what-is-data-logger">What is a data logger</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/data-logger-vs-daq-system">Data logger vs DAQ system</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/replacing-chart-recorders-with-digital-daq-system">Replacing chart recorders with digital DAQ system</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/measure-strain-and-pressure">What is a strain gauge</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/strain-gauge-applications">Strain gauge applications</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/measure-weight-with-load-cell-sensors">How to measure weight with load cells</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/temperature-measurement-thermocouple-sensors">What is a thermocouple</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/voltage-measurement-in-daq-applications">Voltage measurement</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/how-to-measure-current-using-current-sensors">Measure current with current tranducer</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/what-are-major-types-of-current-sensors">Types of current sensors</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/current-transducers-vs-current-transformers">Current transducers vs current transformers</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/what-is-inertial-navigation-system">What is an inertial navigation system</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/measure-temperature-with-rtd-sensors">Measure with RTD sensors</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/measure-position-displacement-with-lvdt-sensors">Measure with LVDT sensors</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/how-to-measure-torque">How to measure torque</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/sound-measurement-with-microphone-sensors">Sound and noise measurement</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/test-standards-supported-by-dewesoft">Test and measurement standards</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/what-is-signal-amplifier">What is a signal amplifier</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/what-is-power-analysis">What is power analysis</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/what-is-condition-monitoring">What is condition monitoring</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/dewesoft-condition-monitoring-systems">How to perform condition monitoring</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/how-to-interpret-condition-monitoring-data">How to interpret machine condition monitoring data</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/what-is-can-bus">What is CAN bus</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/merging-data-acquisition-and-real-time-control-system">Merging DAQ and real-time control</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/what-is-adas">What is ADAS</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/types-of-adas-sensors">Types of ADAS sensors</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/how-are-adas-systems-and-autonomous-vehicles-tested">Testing ADAS systems</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/adas-standards-and-adas-safety-protocols">ADAS standards</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/what-is-modal-analysis">What is modal analysis</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/guide-to-fft-analysis">FFT Analysis</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/spectrum-analyzers-for-vibration-analysis">Spectrum analyzers for vibration analysis</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/list-of-data-acquisition-companies">List of DAQ companies</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/data-acquisition-synchronisation">DAQ Synchronisation</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/what-is-order-analysis">What is order analysis</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/what-is-ethercat-protocol">What is EtherCAT</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/measure-shock-vibration-with-accelerometers">Measuring shock and vibration</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/every-satellite-orbiting-earth-and-who-owns-them">Every satellite orbiting Earth</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/countries-electricity-source">Electricity sources by country</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/top-150-electric-vehicles-by-range">Top 150 electric cars by range</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/measure-digital-encoder-and-counter-sensors">How to measure with counter and encoder sensors</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/types-of-data-acquisition-systems">Types of Data Acquisition Systems</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/list-of-wind-tunnel-testing-facilities">Wind Tunnel Testing Facilities</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/what-is-signal-processing">Signal Processing</a></li></ul></div><div class="css-14bs28v"><ul role="list" class="css-155za0w"><p class="chakra-text css-wqt4vs">Case Studies</p><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/dynamic-measurements-on-suspension-bridges">Dynamic measurements on suspension bridge</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/sound-intensity-measurement-on-bobcat-loaders">Sound intensity measurement on loaders</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/lift-capacity-measurement-on-a-compact-excavator">Excavator lift capacity measurement</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/structural-vibration-monitoring-nasa-crawler">NASA's crawler vibration monitoring</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/improving-tractor-field-testing">Improving tractor field testing</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/large-scale-aerospace-structural-testing">Aerospace structural testing</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/perfomance-tuning-in-tractor-pulling-sport">Performance tuning in tractors</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/structural-health-monitoring-worlds-longest-bridge">Monitoring world's longest bridge</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/test-bench-for-large-launcher-solid-propellant-boosters">Rocket engine test bench</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/electric-powertrain-measurements-on-quadrofoil">Electric powertrain measurement on hydrofoil</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/nasa-pcm-telemetry-processing-station">NASA telemetry station</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/structural-testing-of-rocket-nose">Structural testing of rocket nose</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/emergency-ventilator-testing">Emergency ventilator testing</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/biogas-engine-testing">Biogas engine testing</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/testing-of-electric-household-appliances">Electric appliances testing</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/turbine-diagnostics-geothermal-power-plant">Geothermal turbine monitoring</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/non-destructive-monitoring-of-fruit-ripeness">Monitoring of fruit ripeness</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/human-heartbeat-simulation">Simulation of human heart rate</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/bridge-machine-condition-monitoring">Bridge condition monitoring</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/signal-conditioner-for-aerospace-propulsion-research">Aerospace propulsion research</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/dynamic-brake-testing-of-earth-moving-machines">Dynamic brake testing</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/brake-test-pressure-measurement-on-buses">Brake pressure measurement on buses</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/direction-stability-test-of-braking-vehicle">Direction stability test</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/train-brake-performance-testing-in-winter-conditions">Train brake performance testing</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/vehicle-dynamics-testing-based-on-iso-standards">Vehicle dynamics testing</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/space-thermal-protection-system-fitting-control">Fitting and bonding control of thermal protection system</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/rops-testing-tractor-cabin-structural-safety-test">ROPS testing</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/structural-health-monitoring-with-mems-accelerometers">Structural health monitoring with MEMS accelerometers</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/car-performance-tuning-of-bmw-m5-hurricane">Car performance tuning</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/oma-and-structural-monitoring-of-a-jetty">Structural monitoring of a jetty</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/structural-health-monitoring-of-the-railway-viaduct">Monitoring of the railway viaduct</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/vehicle-road-load-and-durability-testing">Road load data acquisition</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/temperature-measurement-on-a-racing-car">Racing car temperature measurement</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/performance-testing-electric-boat">Electric boat performance testing</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/troubleshooting-industrial-timber-packaging">Troubleshooting industrial timber packaging</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/certification-of-diesel-generators">Certification of diesel generators</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/vibration-analysis-of-mri-scanner">Vibration analysis of MRI scanner</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/high-voltage-switch-testing-with-synchronizer">High-voltage switch testing</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/vibration-test-on-high-voltage-reactor">Vibration on High-Voltage Reactor</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/daq-integration-with-ks-tornado-testbed">KS Tornado testbed integration</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/formula-student-race-car-exhaust-noise-testing">Formula Student Exhaust Noise Testing</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/car-seat-crash-test">Car seat crash test</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/electrical-testing-of-automotive-components">Automotive component testing</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/tire-noise-measurement">Tire noise measurement</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/structural-monitoring-orvieto-cathedral">Monitoring of the Orvieto cathedral</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/vibration-and-modal-analysis-on-space-telescope">Modal analysis on space telescope</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/correlating-power-measurements">Correlating power with vibration</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/data-acquisition-for-perfect-bbq">DAQ Cooks Up the Perfect BBQ</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/suspension-testing-on-formula-sae-racecar">Suspension testing on formula</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/high-voltage-testing-of-railway-infrastructure">High-voltage testing of railway infrastructure</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/upgrading-test-bench-controls">Pratt Miller’s test bench control</a></li></ul></div><div class="css-14bs28v"><ul role="list" class="css-155za0w"><p class="chakra-text css-wqt4vs">Application Notes</p><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/sound-power-level-measurement-on-a-notebook">Sound Power on Notebook</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/road-load-data-logger-for-mts-test-bench">MTS Test Bench</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/comparing-combustion-and-electric-motorcycle">Measuring combustion on electric motorcycle</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/iso-lane-change-test">Lane-change test</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/tractor-brake-test">Brake test on tractors</a></li><li class="css-itvw0n"><a href="https://dewesoft.com/blog/led-testing-efficiency-power-quality-analysis">LED Testing</a></li><li 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are"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Learn "},{"type":"span","value":"about the different types of microphones and how they work"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"See "},{"type":"span","value":"how important sound and noise measurement really is"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"As with all of these articles, we will start with the fundamentals, and work our way through the technology of performing the essential measurements using best practices."}]}]}},"links":[]},"content":{"value":{"schema":"dast","document":{"type":"root","children":[{"type":"heading","level":2,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"What is sound?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound is variations in pressure that the human ear can perceive. Sound can be conducted through the air, underwater, or even through solid objects. Music, speech, a running engine, a bird calling - these are all everyday examples of sound. Because of how it is created, we commonly refer to sound as sound pressure."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound cannot propagate without a medium. It propagates through compressible media such as air and water as longitudinal waves. In solids, it propagates as transverse waves. Sound waves are generated by a sound source (vibrating diaphragm or a loudspeaker). A sound source creates vibrations in the surrounding medium. As the source continues to vibrate the medium, the vibrations propagate away from the source at the speed of sound, forming a sound wave."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Sound pressure level (SPL)"},{"type":"span","value":" is a logarithmic measure of the effective sound pressure of a sound relative to a reference value. It is measured in "},{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"decibels (dB)"},{"type":"span","value":" above a standard reference level. The standard reference sound pressure in air or other gases is 20 µPa, which is usually considered the threshold of human hearing (at 1 kHz). The following equation shows us how to calculate the Sound Pressure level (Lp) in decibels [dB] from sound pressure (P) in Pascal [Pa]."}]},{"item":"142820617","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Where:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"\\(P_{ref}\\) is the reference sound pressure and \\(P_{rms}\\) is the RMS sound pressure being measured."}]},{"type":"heading","level":2,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"What is noise?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"It is critical that we measure and analyze not only “good” sounds, but the unwanted ones, too. Noise can be described therefore as an “unwanted sound.” As with sound in general, noise is measured in Pascals, although it is more commonly converted to the decibel scale for the sake of practicality."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Perhaps you know the acronym NVH, which stands for noise, vibration, and harshness. "},{"item":"116657265","type":"itemLink","children":[{"type":"span","value":"NVH testing"}]},{"type":"span","value":" is the practice of measuring unwanted sounds from a wide variety of sources so that they can be reduced or eliminated. Nearly every machine makes some kind of noise, from automobiles to leaf blowers, hairdryers, food mixers, and so on. "}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Designing machines to limit or improve the noise that they create is a driving force behind sound and noise measurement. Besides being an annoyance or distraction, certain sounds can be painful or even harmful, therefore they must be reduced or eliminated. The first step in any remedy is making objective measurements that can be acted upon."}]},{"type":"heading","level":2,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"How is sound measured?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"The principal sensor used in sound measurement is the microphone. Microphones are used to measure sound pressure waves at a variety of frequencies, including the entire range of human hearing and even beyond. Most microphones are designed to measure sound propagating through the air, but there are other types that are meant to measure sound underwater (hydrophones), or in the earth (seismic instruments)."}]},{"item":"142820618","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound pressure is measured in "},{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Pascals (Pa)"},{"type":"span","value":". It represents how sound is perceived by the receiver, e.g., the human ear. Many variables affect how we perceive a given sound, such as the reflectiveness of the room, the size of the room (if any), distance from the source, and more. "}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Learn more:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"item":"121967779","type":"inlineItem"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"What is sound power?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound power is measured in watts (W). It represents the sound energy that the source is creating. It is completely independent of how the sound is perceived by the receiver. "}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Producers of almost any kind of machinery or devices are required by regulations, such as the Noise and Machinery Directive of the European Union (EU) (2006/42/EC), to measure and declare the sound power of their products. Everything from toys to printers, industrial tools, and construction machinery is included. Sound power measurements are also used in engineering tasks such as product sound design."}]},{"item":"142820654","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Relevant sound power standards include:"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"ISO 3741"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"ISO 3743-1"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"ISO 3743-2"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"ISO 3744"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"ISO 3745"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"ISO 639-3"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"ISO 639-4"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"ISO 639-5"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"ISO 639-6"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"To summarize, while "},{"type":"span","marks":["emphasis"],"value":"sound pressure"},{"type":"span","value":" describes the listener’s perception of a given sound based on the acoustic environment, "},{"type":"span","marks":["emphasis"],"value":"sound power"},{"type":"span","value":" describes the energy of the sound itself, regardless of the environment or how the sound is perceived. These terms have very different meanings and should not be used interchangeably."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"In short, sound power is the cause, while sound pressure is the effect that we perceive. "}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Learn more:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"item":"122048118","type":"inlineItem"},{"item":"144155518","type":"inlineItem"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"What is sound intensity?"}]},{"item":"142820655","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound intensity is not the same as sound pressure. It is defined as the power carried by sound waves per unit area in a direction perpendicular to that area. Sound intensity is defined as sound pressure (\\(Pa\\)) multiplied by particle velocity (\\(v\\))."}]},{"item":"142820656","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"where \\(Pa\\) is sound pressure in pascals and v is particle velocity in meters per second."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"The intensity of sound is an important measurement. In effect, it is the time-averaged rate of energy flow per unit area. Unlike many sound power tests that require a controlled environment like an anechoic chamber, sound intensity measurements can be made anywhere."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Learn more:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"item":"121996339","type":"inlineItem"},{"item":"143791395","type":"inlineItem"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"What is Sound Exposure Level?"}]},{"item":"142820695","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound exposure level (\\(SEL\\)) is a measurement of both the level of sound received and the duration of that exposure. The duration is critical because people can withstand certain frequencies and amplitudes for a short time, but longer noise exposures can lead to hearing damage or even hearing loss. Sounds at 90 dB and above are considered harmful to human beings."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"(\\(SEL\\)) is the integral (over time) of sound pressure squared. The SI unit is defined as:"}]},{"item":"142820696","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":" (Pascal squared second)"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"What is sound level?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound level is a general term that may include one or more of the specific ways that we measure sound, including:"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound Pressure Level"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound Intensity Level"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound Power Level"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound Exposure Level"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound level is usually measured with a device called"},{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":" a sound level meter (or just a sound meter)"},{"type":"span","value":". Please refer to each of those quantities as described in this article for specific information about them."}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"What is sound quality?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound quality measurement provides an objective evaluation of how sounds produced by machines are perceived by the human ear. With these measurements, engineers can improve and refine the sounds generated by their machines in order to create products that are more pleasing to the user and others around them."}]},{"item":"142820697","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Although the human perception of sound is subjective, it is possible to make objective measurements of sound and then apply a range of sound quality metrics to them, including:"}]},{"item":"142820698","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound quality testing is important for companies that want to evaluate and improve the sound of their products. The goal is to make them more desirable to the user by controlling the way that they sound. The testing is applied in:"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Automotive Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH), automotive designs and components"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Audio devices including loudspeakers, microphones, amplifiers, headphones, musical instruments"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Household and garden appliances, e.g., lawnmowers, dishwashers, refrigerators, computers, HVAC systems"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"It is used by R\u0026D departments for:"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Benchmarking and Improvement"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Target Setting"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Modeling and Simulation"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Predictions"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Reactive Engineering"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Testing and Troubleshooting"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Product Validation"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Learn more:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"item":"122086695","type":"inlineItem"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"How to measure sound frequency?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"One of the most fundamental and powerful ways to measure the frequencies contained in sound is the Fast Fourier Transform, abbreviated as FFT. The FFT is a set of algorithms that convert time domain data into frequency domain data. DAQ systems typically record sound and noise data from microphones, then software performs the conversion from the time domain to the frequency domain. This conversion can be done in real-time, or as a post-processing function."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Using FFT analysis, numerous signal characteristics can be investigated to a much greater extent than when inspecting the time domain data. In the frequency domain, signal characteristics are described by independent frequency components, whereas in the time domain it is described by one waveform, containing the sum of all characteristics."}]},{"item":"142820744","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"In a typical time-domain graph, the vertical axis is the amplitude of the signal, and the horizontal axis is time - thus, we can see how a signal’s amplitude changes over time."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Time-domain graphs are essential and useful for thousands of applications, but they don’t tell us much about the specific frequencies contained within complex signals. Using FFT conversion, however, we convert the signal so that the vertical axis shows magnitude, and the horizontal axis shows frequency instead of time. As such, frequency becomes the domain that we are working in."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Referring to the FFT graph below, you can see that the frequency axis is scaled from 0 Hz to 10 kHz from left to right. There is a very large magnitude spike at 1200 Hz, and a smaller frequency spike at around 3750 Hz. "}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"The classic FFT graph is an essential tool in frequency measurement and is widely used. In most DAQ systems that are suited for sound measurements, either or both of these axes can be scaled as linear (as shown below) or logarithmic, which can provide more important information based on the application."}]},{"item":"142820745","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Since time is not represented on this classic FFT graph, the data necessarily represents one moment in time. But which moment and how much time? Basically, FFT analysis involves taking a slice of time (x number of samples at y sample rate), performing the calculations, and then displaying it. This is called the “window time,” and it can be controlled by the engineer or technician operating the analyzer, as well as the basic capabilities of the analyzer."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"DAQ systems like the ones made by Dewesoft include powerful FFT analysis tools built directly into the software. Cursors, including harmonic cursors, can be used on the graphs to directly click on peaks and spikes, and read out their exact values. Math channels can also be displayed that show the peak values automatically."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Note that it is also possible to present TIME on an FFT graph, by adding a third axis. This 3D display, also known as a “waterfall display,” plots frequency and magnitude, and time, using color coding for easy visual interpretation."}]},{"item":"142820746","type":"block"},{"item":"142820747","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"There are many aspects of FFT analysis, and it is well beyond the scope of this article to cover them. These include Spectral Resolution, Amplitude Scaling, Time Weighting Windows, Averaging, Overlap, and more. Please refer to the informative article below to learn more about FFT frequency analysis."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Learn more:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"item":"142755136","type":"inlineItem"},{"item":"121810349","type":"inlineItem"}]},{"type":"heading","level":2,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"What is a microphone?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Beyond their obvious entertainment and public speaking applications, microphones are real sensors that are heavily used in scientific and industrial measurement applications. Simply put, a microphone is a sensor or transducer that converts sound (acoustic energy) into electrical energy that we can amplify, digitize, display, record, and more."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"As with other sensors, there are several types of microphones that are commonly used in sound and noise-measuring applications. This is because there are so many different applications and environments in this very broad field, as we will describe in this article. Reacting to demands from engineers involved in sound testing, microphone manufacturers have created a wide range of microphones designed to address these applications."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Microphones used for scientific or industrial sound measurement are also referred to as "},{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"microphone sensors"},{"type":"span","value":" or "},{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"microphone transducers"},{"type":"span","value":"."}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"How do microphones work?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"A microphone is a transducer that converts sound energy into electrical energy. There are several kinds of microphones, and they work in different ways. But we should start with the classic dynamic microphone invented more than 100 years ago."}]},{"item":"142821673","type":"block"},{"type":"list","style":"numbered","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"A diaphragm made of thin material like plastic resonates in response to the incoming sound pressure waves."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"A coil attached to the diaphragm moves back and forth in sympathy"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"A permanent magnetic creates a magnetic field that is induced into the coil"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"This current is an “analog” of the sound. It flows out of the coil and can be amplified, converted to digital, recorded for display and analysis, etc."}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"The kind of microphone transducer described above is typically referred to as a dynamic microphone. Note that if you reversed this transducer by inputting an electrical signal at its output, the coil would move and drive the diaphragm. And if you made the diaphragm much larger, it would move the air and create sound. Congratulations, you just built a loudspeaker… it’s simply a dynamic microphone in reverse!"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"What are the most important microphone technologies?"}]},{"item":"142821674","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"The three most essential technologies behind microphones today are:"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Dynamic mics"},{"type":"span","value":" are based on magnetic induction, where a moving coil connected to a diaphragm and wrapped around a permanent magnet converts sound pressure into an electrical signal. A variation is the ribbon mic, which employs a thin metal ribbon as the diaphragm and transducer. Dynamic mics are used primarily in music, entertainment, broadcast, and public address applications."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Condenser mics"},{"type":"span","value":" are based on capacitance. A diaphragm with a charge plate behind it outputs an electrical charge in response to sound pressure waves. Heavily used in sound measurement and scientific applications."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Piezoelectric mics"},{"type":"span","value":" are also based on capacitance, but they use a crystalline material instead of a charged plate. Also heavily used in sound measurement and scientific applications."}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Since they are so important in sound measuring and scientific applications, we will focus on condenser and piezoelectric mics in this article."}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Condenser microphones"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"One of the most popular microphones for sound measurement is the condenser type. These mics are designed around a thin metal diaphragm next to a metal backplate. When sound pressure pushes against them, the capacitance between the diaphragm and the backplate changes. This change in capacitance is output as an AC signal that we can amplify, measure, digitize and analyze."}]},{"item":"142821675","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Condenser microphones require power to generate a charge for the diaphragm and plate. This can be done in one of two ways, depending on the microphone that you select:"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Externally polarized"},{"type":"span","value":" microphones require a 200V supply from an external microphone power supply. Normally a 7-pin LEMO or similar connector is used to make the required connections."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Prepolarized microphones"},{"type":"span","value":" do not require a 200 V supply. Also referred to as electret microphones, they are permanently polarized by means of a permanently charged dielectric material, either used as the diaphragm itself or located elsewhere within the capsule. They do, however, require a constant current supply like the one required by a typical IEPE accelerometer, sometimes referred to as “phantom power.” Because this DC current can be carried on the signal line without interference, these mics require only a 2-pin connector, usually a BNC."}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Condenser microphones are available in a variety of sizes, 1 inch, ½ inch, ¼ inch, or ⅛ inch diameters. Larger mics can be more sensitive, and thus measure lower frequency signals than smaller diameter microphones."}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Piezoelectric microphones"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Piezoelectric microphones work much like piezoelectric (IEPE) accelerometers. They operate on the principle that certain crystalline materials, such as quartz, output a variable charge when they are mechanically stressed, either by acceleration or, in this case, sound pressure. A tiny internal amplifier converts this charge signal into a higher level voltage that is output to an IEPE signal conditioner."}]},{"item":"142821676","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"IEPE signal conditioners provide the constant current supply that is needed to power the tiny amplifier within the piezoelectric microphones."}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Which is better, condenser or piezoelectric microphones?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Condenser and piezoelectric microphones serve different functions. For example, condenser mics have a much lower noise floor than piezoelectric mics. But on the other hand, piezoelectric mics can withstand higher pressure levels than condenser mics, so they can be used in blast tests and other high-amplitude sound and noise applications. Neither technology is “better” per se - they have different roles."}]},{"item":"142821677","type":"block"},{"type":"heading","level":2,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Special microphone types"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Hydrophones"}]},{"item":"142821678","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"You would not take a normal microphone and drop it into the water because it will be damaged or destroyed. For underwater applications, manufacturers offer specialized microphones called “hydrophones.” These corrosion-resistant mics are designed to be submerged permanently in water and are used for a wide variety of industrial, scientific, and military applications. "}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound pressure waves travel 4.3 times faster in water than they do in the air. And because water is much denser than air, a given sound exerts many times as much pressure in water as it would in air. Hydrophones are specially designed to operate in this medium."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Hydrophones are available in unidirectional and omnidirectional models. It is also possible to use them in arrays for a variety of applications, including beamforming, a spatial filtering technique. "}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Since the pressure underwater increases the deeper you go, always check that a hydrophone has been designed for the depth that you require."}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Array microphones"}]},{"item":"142823568","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"As the name implies, array microphones (aka “microphone arrays”) consist of multiple mics arranged in a pattern. They are intended to make 3-dimensional measurements of sound. Array mic systems may consist of anywhere from 2 mics used to detect leaks in hearing aids, to more than 100 mics used for beamforming and acoustic holography applications."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Array microphone systems are used for a variety of applications, including:"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Wind turbine sound test"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Automotive and train pass-by tests"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Factory sound emissions"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Holography"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Automotive and aircraft interior tests"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Engine noise tests"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound pressure mapping"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Beamforming"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Medical device noise tests"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Wind tunnel testing of cars, aircraft, etc."}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"MEMS microphones"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"If you’re reading this article on a notebook computer, tablet or smartphone, chances are very good that there is a MEMS microphone built into it. Taking advantage of "},{"url":"http://https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systems","meta":[{"id":"target","value":"_blank"}],"type":"link","children":[{"type":"span","value":"MEMS technology"}]},{"type":"span","value":" (micro-electromechanical system). MEMS microphones can be machined smaller than 3 x 2 x 1 mm. In English, units are only about 1/8 inch at their widest point."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Most MEMS mics consist of a pressure-sensitive diaphragm that has been etched directly into the silicon. They often have an integrated preamp, and often include an ADC that converts analog sound into a digital data stream. Although MEMS mics were primarily condenser types since their invention, piezoelectric models are now also available."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"In addition to computers, phones, and tablets, MEMS microphones are also used in wearable electronics, drones, internet of things (IoT) devices, smart television remote controls, and more."}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound intensity probes "}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Intensity probes are microphones that are used to measure the intensity of sound, as defined earlier."}]},{"item":"142824777","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Most sound intensity probes use a pair of phase-matched free-field microphones to measure both the instantaneous pressure and the pressure gradient of the sound field. They are often provided on poles that allow the system to be aimed at the sound source. Moving the system allows for sound intensity mapping applications, sound power measurement, and IEC 61043 and IS0 9614-1 standard measurement."}]},{"type":"heading","level":2,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"How to choose the right microphone"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"As with any other sensor, choosing the right microphone is determined by the application. In sound measuring applications, the environment is often a driving factor in microphone selection and setup. "}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"The measuring environment is often referred to as the "},{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"response field"},{"type":"span","value":". When you hear microphones being referred to as “free field” or “pressure field” types, this refers to the response field that they will be used in. We will describe what this means below."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"In addition to selecting a mic that has been designed for your target measuring environment, you also need to consider the bandwidth and the maximum SPL (sound pressure level) that the mic will need to support."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"If your measuring environment is either very hot or cold or experiences high humidity levels, you should also check those specifications in any microphones and their signal conditioners that you intend to use. As a general statement, condenser mics are more adversely affected by high temperature and humidity environments than piezoelectric mics. However, some manufacturers offer condenser mics specifically made for challenging environments."}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Free-field microphones"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Free-field microphones are meant to be used in reflection-free environments, such as outdoors, or in anechoic chambers. They are designed to measure sound pressure variations that move freely through the air, usually from a single source. Free-field mics are usually pointed directly at the sound source. "}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Free-field mics are intended to measure the sound pressure as if the microphone itself was not present within the field. Of course, any physical object within the field can disturb it - this can occur when sound frequency wavelengths approach the dimensions of the mic itself. As a result, manufacturers typically add microphone calibration correction values to compensate for any disturbance that the mic itself may cause within the sound field."}]},{"item":"142825957","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Free-field testing applications include:"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Automotive pass-by and other outdoor noise levels tests"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Loudspeaker test"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Appliance testing in suitable chambers, including washing machines, dishwashers, blenders, and other consumer goods"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Operation troubleshooting to eliminate excess vibration or noise"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Outdoor noise monitoring"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Pressure-field microphones"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Pressure-field mics are meant to measure the sound pressure on the microphone’s diaphragm. Sometimes these mics are placed directly on a wall, coupler, or on the internal surface of a chamber or closed area so that they can measure the sound pressure on the wall or surface. They are found in nearly all ear simulator testing applications."}]},{"item":"142825958","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Pressure-field mics are typically designed to have a very flat frequency response. As a result, they are sometimes often used in random incidence applications as described below, when this flat response is required."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Pressure-field testing applications include:"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Human ear simulation tests"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Measuring the sound pressure on aircraft fuselages"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Measuring the sound pressure on walls and cavities"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Measuring the sound pressure inside tubes and other structures"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Random incidence microphones"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Random incidence (aka “diffuse field”) omnidirectional microphones are made for environments where sound may come from any or all directions. These include highly reflective environments, reverb chambers, and the like. These mics are designed to respond uniformly to sound pressure arriving from all directions at the same time."}]},{"item":"142825959","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Pressure-field testing applications include:"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Room, auditorium, theater acoustics"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Automotive passenger cabin noise tests"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Aircraft passenger cabin noise tests "}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Household appliance testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Environmental noise testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Good for mid and high amplitude sound environments"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","level":2,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Key microphone specifications"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Dynamic response"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"A normal human ear can hear sound down to 20 millionths of one Pascal. Since this scale isn’t very practical for everyday use, and because human hearing is logarithmic in nature, most engineers and scientists use the decibel (dB) scale. "}]},{"item":"142825960","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"The decibel scale (dB) was named for Scottish scientist "},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell","meta":[{"id":"target","value":"_blank"}],"type":"link","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Alexander Graham Bell"}]},{"type":"span","value":", inventor of the telephone and audiometer."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Microphones are rated according to the maximum pressure level that they can withstand before either the diaphragm comes into contact with the plate, or when"},{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":" total harmonic distortion"},{"type":"span","value":" "},{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"(THD)"},{"type":"span","value":" reaches a specified value, like 3% for example. "}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Manufacturers also often specify the smallest sound that the mic can detect. Sometimes called the cartridge thermal noise (CTN), this specifies the smallest sound that the mic can detect above the electrical noise of its circuitry."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Larger diaphragm mics typically have lower noise floors (CTN) than smaller diaphragm mics."}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Frequency response"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Bandwidth is always an important consideration when it comes to any sensor or transducer. The usable bandwidth, or frequency response, of a sound sensor (microphone) is measured between its CTN and maximum rated sound pressure level. When looking at a mic’s spec sheet, pay attention to the tolerance in addition to the frequency response itself. Tolerance will normally be expressed in decibels, like ±2 dB, or similar. "}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Signal to noise ratio"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"The ratio of the wanted sound energy to the unwanted sound energy is known as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). SNR is expressed in dB. An SNR ratio is greater than 1:1 means that there is more signal than noise power present."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"SNR = Psignal / Pnoise"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Where:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"P = average power"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Polar patterns"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"The polar pattern of a microphone defines how sensitive it is to sounds coming from different directions around its axis. Mics can be designed to be more sensitive to sounds coming from the front, for example, to focus only on those sounds and ignore those coming from the back or sides. The most common patterns include:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Omnidirectional microphones"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Omnidirectional mics are designed to measure sound coming from all directions equally. In practical terms, this is not possible due to the physics of any mic and its own presence within the sound field, but omnidirectional mics achieve great performance and the purest possible measurement of sound pressure."}]},{"item":"142825961","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Unidirectional microphones (aka cardioid microphones)"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Named after the “heart-shaped” that their polar pattern resembles, cardioid mics are meant to measure sound coming primarily from the front of the mic. There are several implementations of the cardioid pattern, including cardioid, hypercardioid, supercardioid and subcardioid. Referring to the polar pattern images below, you can see how they are designed to measure primarily from one direction, in varying degrees:"}]},{"item":"142825962","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"There are other patterns, including bi-directional, also known as “figure of 8,” which is used for measuring sound both in front and behind the microphone, and others."}]},{"type":"heading","level":2,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Microphone measurement applications"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"There are hundreds of applications for measuring sound and noise. However, there are some very popular ones in common use across many industries. At the highest level, there is a group of tests called NVH, which stands for Noise, Vibration, and Harshness. "}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness) applications"}]},{"item":"142825963","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Although NVH testing applies to a wide variety of machines, from your lawnmower to a cement mixer, NVH is most closely associated with automotive testing. If you’re familiar with driving around in an average-priced car, and then getting into a luxury model, you will undoubtedly have a very different experience. Closing the door of a luxury car seems to block out most of the sound from the outside, and the engine, despite its power, hums in a subtle and satisfying way. There are few if any rattles and squeaks."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"This relatively pleasant experience is the result of countless hours of testing, design, re-testing, and re-design by a cadre of automotive engineers. Microphones and other sensors are used to measure the acoustic and conducted vibrations both inside and outside the car, both under real driving conditions and in anechoic chambers. Then automotive engineers use this data to refine vehicle design and materials until it meets their noise requirements under a variety of driving conditions."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Harshness is more subjective and difficult to quantify because it relates to how “annoying” a sound, vibration, or combination is to the average person."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"There are numerous interior (inside the driving cabin) and exterior NVH tests performed on automobiles, trucks, and buses, including:"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Brake Noise Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Automotive Pass-by Noise Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Engine Noise Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Powertrain Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Pass-by Noise Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Exhaust Noise Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Wind Noise Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Buzz, Squeak and Rattle Noise Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Vehicle Interior Noise Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Road Noise Testing"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Noise at work \u0026 environmental noise "}]},{"item":"142825964","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"People’s exposure to noise at the workplace is a health issue and is therefore regulated in the USA, Europe, and elsewhere. There are sound and noise measurement applications including:"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Urban Noise Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Workplace and Factory Noise Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Room Acoustics Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Airport Noise Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Musical Concert Sound Level Testing"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Electro acoustics"}]},{"item":"142825965","type":"block"},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Telephone Sound Testing - Corded, Wireless, and Hands-free"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Hearing Aid Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Speaker and Smart Speakers Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Headphones Testing - Corded and Wireless"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Machine analysis"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"When we think of predicting machine failures and diagnosing machine problems, we normally think of measuring vibrations and temperature, but noise is an important indicator of machine health. Machines that are unbalanced, for example, often exhibit this first with sound. If you’ve ever heard your clothes dryer struggling with a badly unbalanced load, you know what that sounds like."}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Machine Vibration Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Condition Monitoring"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Predictive Maintenance Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Air and gas leak detection"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Noise source identification"}]},{"item":"142826150","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sometimes it’s not enough to simply know how much noise there is in a given place, but it is necessary to know exactly where it is coming from. Which component or system is generating the noise and why? For these applications, microphone arrays are a good solution because they can create a three-dimensional representation of an area."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Imagine a subway car passing by a microphone array. Perhaps the wheels or brakes are squealing, or the shoe is running along the third rail and making noise, or the pantograph is running along the catenary wires overhead. For moving objects, beamforming software helps to create a 3D map over time."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sometimes referred to as “acoustic cameras,” array mic systems can be at the micro-level, as with hearing aid testing, or macro level, as with large machines (generators, cutting machines, trains, cars, aircraft) or even a whole factory."}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Transportation Systems Noise Source Analysis - Airports, Metro Rail, Bus Stations"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Wind Tunnel Acoustic Testing - Aerospace and Automotive"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Acoustic Holography"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound Intensity Mapping"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Engine Noise Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Cabin Noise Testing"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Hospital gas leak detection"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Compressed air leak detection"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","level":2,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Dewesoft sound measurement modules"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Dewesoft offers a variety of high-end DAQ systems that are ideal for measuring sound and vibration. Here is a short overview:"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"SIRIUS DAQ systems"}]},{"item":"142826151","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"DualCoreADC series"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"SIRIUS® DualCoreADC®"},{"type":"span","value":" systems use two 24-bit ADCs per channel in order to achieve an incredible 160 dB dynamic range in both the time and frequency domains. Sample rates up to 200 kS/s per channel and built-in anti-aliasing filtering provide more than 70 kHz of guaranteed alias-free bandwidth. All channels are galvanically isolated, preventing common mode, noise, and ground fault problems."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"High-density series"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"By using a single 24-bit ADC per channel, "},{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"SIRIUS HD"},{"type":"span","value":" systems still offer high dynamic performance, but with twice as many channels per slice: 16 instead of 8."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"High-speed series"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Using 16-bit SAR ADC technology, "},{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"SIRIUS HS"},{"type":"span","value":" systems provide sampling rates up to 1 MS/s per channel, and still with 8 channels per slice."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Extra high-speed series"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"SIRIUS XHS "},{"type":"span","value":"systems are a whole new breed of DAQ systems. Each channel can sample up to 15 MS/s. When the sample rate is 1 MS/s or below, the resolution is 24-bit. Above 1 MS/s it is 16-bit. Even more impressive is that each channel can be set to any sample rate and measurement mode, but they remain completely synchronized."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"SIRIUS ACC microphone and accelerometer amplifiers"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"SIRIUS can be configured with a wide variety of amplifiers in order to handle virtually any signal and any sensor, so it goes well beyond sound and vibration measurements as a system. But the amplifiers used for these applications are in the ACC series."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"ACC amplifiers are designed to handle IEPE sensors, including accelerometers, piezoelectric microphones, and pre-polarized condenser microphones. They provide the constant current power required by these sensors. An ACC amplifier is available for all four SIRIUS mainframe types:"}]},{"item":"142826152","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Note that SIRIUS ACC amplifiers are compatible with all major microphone types, including native support for prepolarized condenser, and piezoelectric microphones. Non-prepolarized condenser mics can also be used if they have an external power source. For direct support of externally polarized condenser mics, see the SIRIUS MIC200 below."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Learn more:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"item":"116657223","type":"inlineItem"},{"item":"120938418","type":"inlineItem"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"SIRIUS MIC200 system"}]},{"item":"142826172","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"The SIRIUS MIC200 is a high-performance 8-channel SIRIUS DAQ system that has been configured specifically for externally polarized condenser microphones. It uses 7-pin LEMO connectors to supply the 200V that externally polarized condenser mics require. SIRIUS MIC200 is designed for accurate measurement of high-amplitude signals, with high temporal and temperature stability."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"SIRIUS MIC200 features"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"High dynamic range: DualADC technology provides a 160 dB dynamic range"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Fast acquisition: 200kS/s sample rate supports high-frequency microphones"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Multi-brand microphone support: Industry-standard 7-pin LEMO connector supports all major microphone brands"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"TEDS support: automated setup of TEDS-equipped microphones"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"High channel count: use as many MIC200s as required for your applications. Multiple systems are synchronized automatically"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"DewesoftX software included"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Class 1 IEC SLM and a complete set of advanced ISO compliant measurements: Sound Power, Sound Intensity, Sound Quality, RT60"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"IEC acoustic calibration services: IEC61672, IEC61260, IEC 60651, IEC 61094-4, etc. and you can order everything pre-calibrated at the factory"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"SIRIUS MIC200 is multifunctional and extensible. It can be synchronized with any other Dewesoft DAQ system. You may simultaneously capture temperature, vibration, video, strain, and more, all under one software, with all data perfectly synchronized."}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"SIRIUS MINI"}]},{"item":"142826173","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"SIRIUS mini is a very small USB-powered DAQ system configured with four high dynamic analog inputs for direct voltage or IEPE/ICP signals. Each amplifier has two 24-bit Sigma-Delta ADCs with up to 200 kHz sampling rate per channel and built-in anti-aliasing filtering. The result is a dynamic range up to 160 dB, perfect for sound and vibration measurements."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Simply connect the SIRIUS mini to a Windows® computer and run the included DewesoftX software, and you have a powerful four-channel DAQ system for hundreds of applications in sound and vibration measurement."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Each of the four analog inputs can handle any IEPE powered condenser or piezoelectric microphone, or IEPE accelerometer. You can also use externally polarized condenser mics by powering them externally. "}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"You will see that the input specifications are almost identical to the ACC amplifier in the SIRIUS DualCore series shown in the previous section:"}]},{"item":"142826174","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"With the optional SuperCounter input, you can add encoders and tacho sensors for doing order tracking on rotating machines and more."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"SIRIUS mini is powered by your notebook computer and easily fits in a backpack."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Learn more:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"item":"121294466","type":"inlineItem"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"DEWE-43A "}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"The DEWE-43A is a small USB-powered DAQ system configured with eight universal analog inputs, eight SuperCounters, and two CAN BUS interfaces."}]},{"item":"142826240","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Each amplifier has a 24-bit Sigma-Delta ADC with up to 200 kHz sampling rate per channel and built-in anti-aliasing filtering. Each of the analog inputs can directly measure voltage or full-bridge sensors. But it becomes a sound and acceleration measuring tool when you plug tiny DSI-ACC adapters into the analog inputs. The DSI-ACC adapters allow the direct connection of IEPE mics and accelerometers."}]},{"item":"142826241","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Simply connect the DEWE-43A to a Windows® computer and run the included DewesoftX software, and you have a powerful 8-channel DAQ system for hundreds of applications in sound and vibration measurement … and more."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Configured with a DSI-ACC adapter, each analog input can handle any IEPE powered condenser or piezoelectric microphone, or IEPE accelerometer. You can also use externally polarized condenser mics by powering them externally. By using the DSI-CHG adapter you can connect charge accelerometers. There are other DSI adapters for other sensors, including LVDTs, current, voltages up to ±200, and more."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Here are the DEWE-43A specifications with DSI-ACC adapters:"}]},{"item":"142826242","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"By using any of the eight included SuperCounter inputs you can add encoders and tacho sensors for doing order tracking on rotating machines and more."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"DEWE-43 is powered from a wide-range DC power and includes an AC/DC adapter. You can fit several of them in any backpack."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Learn more:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"item":"121288426","type":"inlineItem"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"KRYPTON series"}]},{"item":"142826243","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"KRYPTON is an extremely rugged DAQ series that can be used outdoors and in extreme environments. They’re waterproof, operate in extreme temperatures, and withstand heavy shock and vibration. There are both single-channel and multi-channel KRYPTON modules available. Modules are interconnected using EtherCAT cables, which carry power, timing, and the digitized data back to a host computer running the included DewesoftX DAQ software"}]},{"item":"142826244","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"KRYPTON ACC series modules are available for IEPE powered condenser or piezoelectric microphones, or IEPE accelerometers. You can also use externally polarized condenser mics by powering them externally. Each amplifier has a 24-bit Sigma-Delta ADC and built-in anti-aliasing filtering. "}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Here are the specifications when using single or multi-channel KRYPTON ACC amplifiers:"}]},{"item":"142826245","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Note: KRYPTON-1xACC can sample at 50 kHz if it is the only module in the EtherCAT chain. This feature is useful for the microphone measurements where a 50 kHz sampling rate is required."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Learn more:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"item":"116657222","type":"inlineItem"}]},{"type":"heading","level":2,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound measurement and sound analysis software"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"DewesoftX DAQ software can handle a variety of acoustic, sound and noise measurement applications, including sound power, sound intensity, sound quality, and more. Here is a short overview of these turn-key software solutions:"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound level meter"}]},{"item":"142826330","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"This DewesoftX software add-on is an IEC 61672 Class 1 sound level meter. It makes IEC 60651, IEC 60804 measurements in both air and water. Acoustic measurements can be combined with all other physical measurement parameters, vehicle bus systems, video, GPS, and other math to build a thorough image of your entire measurement. "}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Predefined standard frequency weighting A, B, C, D, and Z), time weighting (Fast, Slow or Impulse), sound pressure level, equivalent, peak, minimum and maximum sound pressure levels, sound energy, impulsivity of sound, statistical noise level (LAF1, 5, 10, 50, 90, 95 and 99 % classes of values) are all available at the same time."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Flexible displays offering digital meters, analog bars, time-domain recorders, narrowband FFT, and octave analyzers can be freely combined to show your SLM data in real-time as well as in post-processing."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Learn more:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"item":"121967779","type":"inlineItem"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound power"}]},{"item":"142826331","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"This DewesoftX software add-on is fully compliant with relevant sound power standards ISO 3741, ISO 3743-1, ISO 3743-2, ISO 3744, ISO 3745, ISO 6393, ISO 6394, ISO 6395, ISO 6396."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"The software steps the user through the entire measurement, including entering all relevant parameters regarding the positions of the mics around the hemisphere (according to standards), microphone calibration, and more."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"After the test, the software allows the test operator to generate a standardized Microsoft Excel® report document with just a few clicks."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"All calculated parameters are available during measurement as well as offline; rapid calculation of correction factors K1 (background noise measurement), K2 (room correction with integrated RT60 module), C1, C2 and C3 (deviations due to variations in temperature and barometric pressure); support for raw time-domain data storing and offline sound power calculation."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Learn more:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"item":"122048118","type":"inlineItem"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound quality"}]},{"item":"142826332","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound quality measurement is an indispensable tool. These measurements address the need to empirically evaluate how sound produced by different kinds of machines are perceived by the human ear. "}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"A variety of sound quality tests are handled by the software, including:"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Loudness calculation"},{"type":"span","value":" according to ISO 532-1 and ISO 532-2: Acoustics - Methods for calculating loudness - Zwicker method and Moore-Glasberg method"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Normal equal loudness contours calculation"},{"type":"span","value":" according to (and based on) the ISO 226 standard"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Sharpness "},{"type":"span","value":"is calculated from specific loudness, which is determined according to ISO 532-1 and ISO 532-2 standards"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Speech intelligibility and extended articulation measurements"},{"type":"span","value":" of perception while other sounds are present"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Noise criterion "},{"type":"span","value":"(USA) and Noise Rating (EU) tests"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Prominence ratio calculation"},{"type":"span","value":" in accordance with ISO 7779 - measurement of airborne noise emitted by information technology and telecommunications equipment."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"And more…"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"But perhaps the most important thing to know is that, unlike a dedicated sound quality meter, Dewesoft systems can measure anything. They are not limited to just measuring sound. That means that you can make sound quality measurements AND measure other parameters as well, allowing you to compare the operation of the machine with the resulting sound quality."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Learn more:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"item":"122086695","type":"inlineItem"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound intensity "}]},{"item":"142826452","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"The DewesoftX sound intensity software add-on complies with Sound Intensity-based Sound Power calculation - Discrete points method (ISO 9614-1) and Scanning method (ISO 9614-2). It is a complete measurement solution, providing precise noise source location or sound power calculation, without the need for any special environment such as a reverberation room or anechoic chamber."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Depending on the direction of sound waves travel (from microphone A to B or vice versa), our plugin will display different values (positive or negative) as the noise source moves along the axis of the probe. When the probe is perpendicular to the noise source (located directly above it), the visual control inside Dewesoft X3 DAQ software will toggle between positive and negative values. This process is done for the horizontal and vertical alignment of the probe axis, the sound."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Learn more:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"item":"121996339","type":"inlineItem"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Octave band analysis"}]},{"item":"142826453","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"The DewesoftX octave band analysis software add-on is an indispensable tool for sound measurement. Octave band analysis provides a close approximation of how the human ear will respond to the measured sound. Dewesoft octave band analyzer meets all of the IEC and ANSI specifications for octave filters, providing true octave analysis as defined by the IEC 61260 standards. It also provides selectable synthesized octave analysis for large channel count testing applications. "}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Standard frequency weighting curves (A, B, C, D, and Z) can be applied directly in a frequency domain for the analysis of sound. DewesoftX provides a very narrow band analysis down to the 1/24th octave."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"In octave band analysis, averaging is often used to get more stable results. There are three averaging modes available:"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Linear averaging - each FFT counts the same"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Exponential averaging - FFTs become less and less important with time"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Peak hold averaging - only maximum results are stored and shown"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Learn more:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"item":"121945007","type":"inlineItem"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Reverberation time RT60"}]},{"item":"142826454","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Reverberation time is the time required for the sound pressure level to fall for 60 dB from its initial level. Sound waves in a room will repeatedly bounce off reflective surfaces. Reverberant sound is the collection of all the reflected sounds in an environment."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"When reflections mix with each other, a phenomenon known as reverberation is created. Reverberation reduces when multiple reflections hit absorbent surfaces such as curtains, chairs, and tables. Reverberation is a key parameter when qualifying the acoustic status of a room."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"The DewesoftX reverberation time RT60 software add-on performs the required calculations according to the ISO 354 standard, using the integrated response method. Reverberation time math calculates several parameters and outputs them as separate channels, including:"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"T - measured reverberation time"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"ETC - sound energy-time curve"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Octave time data - octave analysis type can be selected from 1/1 or 1/3 octave"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Line fit - fitted curve on the energy-time curve"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"The Dewesoft Reverberation Time measurement solution is fully compliant with relevant ISO standards, including ISO 3382 and ISO 354."}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","marks":["strong"],"value":"Learn more:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"item":"122102014","type":"inlineItem"},{"item":"116657265","type":"inlineItem"},{"item":"116657264","type":"inlineItem"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Static engine noise certification"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Static engine noise testing can be performed using the Microphone correction module in DewesoftX. By using this module sound pressure levels and spectral data are corrected for both the microphone response, system response, sound incidence angle, air absorption, and many other corrections, allowing the test to adhere to the standards which presumes such applied corrections."}]},{"item":"149050002","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Typically static engine noise testing follows a list of measurement steps as indicated below:"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Before measurements"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"System frequency response before"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sensitivity calibration before"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Microphone response setup"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Environmental dependency setup"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Mic. distances, sound incidence and other custom correction setup"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Engine noise measurement"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Background measurement before"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"DUT noise measurement"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Background measurement after"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"After measurements"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sensitivity calibration after"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"System frequency response after"}]}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"With the procedure listed above the static engine noise can be measured and determined with all related corrections taken into account, while also being compared to the original microphone measurements with no corrections."}]},{"item":"149050003","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"The manual for the Microphone correction application in DewesoftX can be found here: "},{"item":"148843068","type":"itemLink","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Microphone correction SW manual."}]}]},{"type":"heading","level":2,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Microphone manufacturers"}]},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"There are many more manufacturers of microphones than the ones shown below. This list is focused on those specializing in microphones used for sound measurement applications, as opposed to musical or public address applications."}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"url":"https://www.pcb.com/about","meta":[{"id":"target","value":"_blank"}],"type":"link","children":[{"type":"span","value":"PCB Piezotronics"}]}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"url":"https://www.grasacoustics.com/about-us","meta":[{"id":"target","value":"_blank"}],"type":"link","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Gras Acoustics"}]}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"url":"https://www.bksv.com/en/about","meta":[{"id":"target","value":"_blank"}],"type":"link","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Bruel \u0026 Kjaer"}]}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"url":"https://www.kistler.com/en/about-us/","meta":[{"id":"target","value":"_blank"}],"type":"link","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Kistler"}]}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"url":"https://www.nti-audio.com/en/company","meta":[{"id":"target","value":"_blank"}],"type":"link","children":[{"type":"span","value":"NTI audio AG"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","level":2,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Other useful tools"}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound level meters"}]},{"item":"142826455","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Sound level meters are portable or hand-held devices that are used to conduct sound level measurements in the laboratory, factory floor, or field. There are a variety of sizes and shapes available from different manufacturers, and they are offered in both Class 1 and Class 2 configurations, with Class 1 being more accurate. Some standardized tests specifically require a Class 1 sound level meter, for example."}]},{"type":"heading","level":3,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Noise level dosimeters"}]},{"item":"142826485","type":"block"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"span","value":"A noise meter or noise level dosimeter is similar to a sound level meter, except that it is normally smaller and intended to be used to measure personal noise level exposure. They are less capable than sound-level meters, but their application is different. Dosimeters are often unobtrusive and even worn by a person. Their noise level is measured throughout the entire workday, collecting their entire exposure. "}]},{"type":"heading","level":2,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Common terms and acronyms"}]},{"item":"142826486","type":"block"},{"type":"heading","level":2,"children":[{"type":"span","value":"Attributions"}]},{"type":"list","style":"bulleted","children":[{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1998459","meta":[{"id":"target","value":"_blank"}],"type":"link","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Omnidirectional polar pattern microphone by Galak76 - self-made, Adobe Illustrator, CC BY-SA 3.0"}]}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50230608","meta":[{"id":"target","value":"_blank"}],"type":"link","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Cardioid Polar Pattern by Nicoguaro - Own work, CC BY 4.0"}]}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2025987","meta":[{"id":"target","value":"_blank"}],"type":"link","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Supercardioid Polar Pattern by Galak76 - self-made, Adobe Illustrator, CC BY-SA 3.0"}]}]}]},{"type":"listItem","children":[{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2025987","meta":[{"id":"target","value":"_blank"}],"type":"link","children":[{"type":"span","value":"Hypercardioid Polar Pattern by Galak76 - self-made, Adobe Illustrator, CC BY-SA 3.0"}]}]}]}]}]}},"blocks":[{"__typename":"EquationRecord","id":"142820617","equation":"\\[Lp = 10 \\cdot log_{10}(\\frac{{p_{rms}}^2}{{p_{ref}}^2}) = 20 \\cdot log_{10}(\\frac{p_{rms}}{p_{ref}}) \\]"},{"__typename":"ImageBlockRecord","id":"142820618","width":"","image":{"responsiveImage":{"src":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654070943-dewesoft-sound-level-meter.jpg?auto=format\u0026fit=max\u0026w=1024","width":1024,"height":594,"alt":"Dewesoft sound level meter","base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLCgoLFRgNDg0WDhUNFg0YFx8ZGCIfIiEdHysjGikoHSEWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDQoOEAoKEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA4AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEBgABAv/EAB4QAAEEAgMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMAAQIRBAYHITEF/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgD/xAAUEQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwATP47gQHSI+PojYoHpPGVN4jWsMljqkSKcdZlB/FSdDMzDulFJ/9k="}}},{"__typename":"ImageBlockRecord","id":"142820654","width":"","image":{"responsiveImage":{"src":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654507496-sound-power-dome-hero.jpg?auto=format\u0026fit=max\u0026w=1024","width":1024,"height":632,"alt":"Sound power dome","base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoICAgLDQ0WDhYNDQ0LDhcNFg0NFx4ZGBYVFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBQUFEAUQEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA8AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAXAAEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGAQcA/8QAHhAAAgICAgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQMABQIhBhEEEjH/xAAVAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAP/EABQRAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AM7rbXNjxqJR5rBiD1JXcZStoOojwo1enwQkAXNk05dDEyRRYceTkzYE6Sf/2Q=="}}},{"__typename":"ImageBlockRecord","id":"142820655","width":"","image":{"responsiveImage":{"src":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654157010-sound-intensity-hero.jpg?auto=format\u0026fit=max\u0026w=1024","width":1024,"height":610,"alt":"Sound intensity hero","base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoIEAgLDQ0NDg4NDQ0NGhENDQ8YFxgZGBYVFhUaHysjGh0oHSEWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OHA0NEC8dFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA8AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAACAwEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADBAECBQD/xAAdEAACAgEFAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgEEEQMFEhMx/8QAFQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwD/xAAWEQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABABH/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AEt0tp1TGTHrY1GkHuGqzL6CoPKk0TlleMHFLTzKkBZMN//Z"}}},{"__typename":"EquationRecord","id":"142820656","equation":"\\[I=P_a \\cdot v\\]"},{"__typename":"ImageBlockRecord","id":"142820695","width":"","image":{"responsiveImage":{"src":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1666253512-sound-exposure-level.png?auto=format\u0026fit=max\u0026w=1024","width":1024,"height":682,"alt":"Sound exporsure level","base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBhEOCBALChALEA0NBwgJDhENCggYFxMZGBYTFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLBQUFEAUFEC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIABEAGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAZAAADAAMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAYBAgX/xAAcEAABBAMBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIDBAUhMTL/xAAVAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAv/EABQRAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AJCOWZWbHKjXP6TsOTlc0fq5GRq7JUaylUwaWbSzN2AHAr8HogABhfIAAH//2Q=="}}},{"__typename":"EquationRecord","id":"142820696","equation":"\\[SEL = Pa^2 \\cdot s \\] (Pascal squared second)"},{"__typename":"ImageBlockRecord","id":"142820697","width":"","image":{"responsiveImage":{"src":"https://www.datocms-assets.com/53444/1654674508-sound-quality-hero.jpg?auto=format\u0026fit=max\u0026w=1024","width":1024,"height":610,"alt":"Dewesoft sound quality","base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHBwgHBgoPCAgRFQ0LDhENDQ0NDhUNFg0YFxUZGBYfFhUaHysjGh0oHRUWJDUlKC0vMjIyGSI4PTcwPCsxMi8BCgsLDg0OFQ0NGC8cFhwvLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vLy8vL//AABEIAA8AGAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAXAAADAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAUD/8QAGxAAAgIDAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQBAgMRIRP/xAAWAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgD/xAAWEQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEhH/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AI2G0Sa5raxkdVq2xlhmfMFSVbnoE55y1YA2GH//2Q=="}}},{"__typename":"SimpleTableRecord","id":"142820698","table":{"columns":[" "," "],"data":[{" ":"Loudness"," ":"Calculation according to ISO 532-1 and ISO 532-2: Acoustics - 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