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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div style="background-color:#FFFFFF"><a href="/wiki/Rijeka#History" title="Rijeka">Tarsatica</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.035%;left:19.907%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Castra ad Fluvium Frigidum"><img alt="Castra ad Fluvium Frigidum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div style="background-color:#FFFFFF"><a href="/wiki/Castra_ad_Fluvium_Frigidum" title="Castra ad Fluvium Frigidum">Castra ad Fluvium Frigidum</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:59.649%;left:30.556%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nauportus"><img alt="Nauportus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div style="background-color:#FFFFFF"><a href="/wiki/Nauportus" title="Nauportus">Nauportus</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.789%;left:25%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ad Pirum"><img alt="Ad Pirum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div style="background-color:#FFFFFF"><a href="/wiki/Ad_Pirum" title="Ad Pirum">Ad Pirum</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.263%;left:36.111%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Emona"><img alt="Emona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div style="background-color:#FFFFFF"><a href="/wiki/Emona" title="Emona">Emona</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Slovenia_location_map.svg" title="File:Slovenia location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Location of <i>Claustra Alpium Iuliarum</i> outposts with modern national borders of <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> and neighbouring countries.</div></div></div> <p><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><b>Claustra Alpium Iuliarum</b></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin (language)">Latin</a> for 'Barrier of the Julian Alps'; hereby, the term Julian Alps refers to the wider mountainous and hilly region from the <a href="/wiki/Julian_Alps" title="Julian Alps">Julian Alps</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Kvarner_Gulf" title="Kvarner Gulf">Kvarner Gulf</a>) was a defense system within the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> between <a href="/wiki/Italia_(Roman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italia (Roman Empire)">Italia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a> that protected Italy from possible invasions from the East.<sup id="cite_ref-potocnik_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-potocnik-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It secured the <a href="/wiki/Postojna_Gate" title="Postojna Gate">Postojna Gate</a>, the land link between the eastern and western part of the empire, and thus the Claustra represented an inner border defense of the empire.<sup id="cite_ref-whittaker_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whittaker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike a linear rampart, the Claustra consisted of a series of interconnected fortifications with its center at <a href="/wiki/Castra_ad_Fluvium_Frigidum" title="Castra ad Fluvium Frigidum">Castra ad Fluvium Frigidum</a> (in the area of today's town of <a href="/wiki/Ajdov%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Ajdovščina">Ajdovščina</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vipava_Valley" title="Vipava Valley">Vipava Valley</a>); other important fortresses were <i><a href="/wiki/Ad_Pirum" title="Ad Pirum">Ad Pirum</a></i> on today's <a href="/wiki/Hru%C5%A1ica_(plateau)" title="Hrušica (plateau)">Hrušica Plateau</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Trsat" title="Trsat">Tarsatica</a></i>, now a part of the city of <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a>. They had been governed from the town of <a href="/wiki/Aquileia" title="Aquileia">Aquileia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claustra_Alpium_Iuliarum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the year 6 AD the <a href="/wiki/Great_Illyrian_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Illyrian Revolt">Great Illyrian Revolt</a> took place threatening the Roman heartland. Subsequently, in order to protect Italy, a series of walls and fortifications were gradually erected around the area of the strategic Postojna Gate.<sup id="cite_ref-potocnik_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-potocnik-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the construction was done after 284 under <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-whittaker_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whittaker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this development was done subsequent to a major invasion of Northern Italy by the <a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a> in 271, Whittaker indicates that inner fortification lines were primarily aimed to secure the internal stability of the empire rather than keeping <a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">barbarians</a> out.<sup id="cite_ref-whittaker_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whittaker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fortification system included Forum Iulii (in the area of today's <a href="/wiki/Cividale_del_Friuli" title="Cividale del Friuli">Cividale del Friuli</a>), Tarsatica (in the area of today's <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a>) and followed the valley of the <a href="/wiki/Idrijca" title="Idrijca">Idrijca</a> river. It stretched over the Postojna Gate to the hills south of <a href="/wiki/Emona" title="Emona">Emona</a> (in the area of today's <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>). In-depth fortifications along the Roman road <a href="/wiki/Via_Gemina" title="Via Gemina">Via Gemina</a> started at the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Castra_ad_Fluvio_Frigido" class="mw-redirect" title="Castra ad Fluvio Frigido">Castra ad Fluvio Frigido</a> (the remains of which are today still visible in <a href="/wiki/Ajdov%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Ajdovščina">Ajdovščina</a>), which was the centre of the system,<sup id="cite_ref-DEDI_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DEDI-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ended at <a href="/wiki/Nauportus" title="Nauportus">Nauportus</a> (in the area of today's <a href="/wiki/Vrhnika" title="Vrhnika">Vrhnika</a>). The hill fortress of <a href="/wiki/Ad_Pirum" title="Ad Pirum">Ad Pirum</a> was typically manned with 500 soldiers but could keep up to 100,000 soldiers. Ad Pirum’s walls were unearthed by Austrian and Italian archeologists and shown to be at a height of 8 m and a thickness of 2 m; the wall towers were 10 m high. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battles">Battles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claustra_Alpium_Iuliarum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Battles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Claustra Alpium Iuliarum saw a number of battles. Early fortifications may have been useful in 169 when the Marcomanni attempted to enter Italy but proved inadequate when the Alemanni invaded Italy in 271. In 351 <a href="/wiki/Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a> took Ad Pirum during his fight against his challenger <a href="/wiki/Magnentius" title="Magnentius">Magnentius</a>. Most importantly, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Frigidus" title="Battle of the Frigidus">Battle of the Frigidus</a> took place in 394 between Castra and Ad Pirum. In this battle the eastern emperor <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a> prevailed over his western rival <a href="/wiki/Eugenius" title="Eugenius">Eugenius</a> and by his victory secured Christianity as the main religion of the empire. </p><p>After the 5th century the Roman fortifications fell into disrepair. Today selected sections have been restored by archeologists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claustra_Alpium_Iuliarum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKusetičKosBreznikStokin2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kusetič, Jure; Kos, Peter; Breznik, Andreja; Stokin, Marko (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/9466289"><i>Claustra Alpium Iuliarum: Between Research and Management</i></a> (in Slovenian and English). The Ivan Michler Institute for Spatial History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Claustra+Alpium+Iuliarum%3A+Between+Research+and+Management&rft.pub=The+Ivan+Michler+Institute+for+Spatial+History&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Kuseti%C4%8D&rft.aufirst=Jure&rft.au=Kos%2C+Peter&rft.au=Breznik%2C+Andreja&rft.au=Stokin%2C+Marko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F9466289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaustra+Alpium+Iuliarum" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claustra_Alpium_Iuliarum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-potocnik-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-potocnik_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-potocnik_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotocnik_AJ" class="citation web cs1">Potocnik AJ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100524170207/http://www.ars-cartae.com/claustra/claustra.htm">"Claustra Alpium Iuliarum"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ars-cartae.com/claustra/claustra.htm">the original</a> on May 24, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Claustra+Alpium+Iuliarum&rft.au=Potocnik+AJ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ars-cartae.com%2Fclaustra%2Fclaustra.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaustra+Alpium+Iuliarum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whittaker-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-whittaker_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whittaker_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whittaker_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC.R.Whittaker" class="citation book cs1">C.R.Whittaker. <i>Frontiers of the Roman empire. A social and economic study</i>. Baltimora & London, 1997. p. 197.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontiers+of+the+Roman+empire.+A+social+and+economic+study&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=Baltimora+%26+London%2C+1997&rft.au=C.R.Whittaker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaustra+Alpium+Iuliarum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DEDI-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DEDI_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlin" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pavlin, Primož. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140408230453/http://www.dedi.si/dediscina/420-poznoanticna-utrdba-kastra-ajdovscina">"Poznoantična utrdba Kastra (Ajdovščina)"</a> [The Late-Antique Fortification of Castra (Ajdovščina)]. <i>DEDI - enciklopedija naravne in kulturne dediščine na Slovenskem</i> (in Slovenian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dedi.si/dediscina/420-poznoanticna-utrdba-kastra-ajdovscina">the original</a> on 8 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Poznoanti%C4%8Dna+utrdba+Kastra+%28Ajdov%C5%A1%C4%8Dina%29&rft.btitle=DEDI+-+enciklopedija+naravne+in+kulturne+dedi%C5%A1%C4%8Dine+na+Slovenskem&rft.aulast=Pavlin&rft.aufirst=Primo%C5%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dedi.si%2Fdediscina%2F420-poznoanticna-utrdba-kastra-ajdovscina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaustra+Alpium+Iuliarum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claustra_Alpium_Iuliarum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://claustra.org/">Claustra.org</a>. Website dedicated to Claustra Alpium Iuliarum.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Claustra_Alpium_Iuliarum" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Claustra Alpium Iuliarum">Claustra Alpium Iuliarum</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1098970#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1098970#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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