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window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":3829183,"created_at":"2013-07-01T03:34:26.894-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-12-02T15:39:08.065-08:00","_data":{"ai_abstract":"This study examines the challenges and progress of education for Scheduled Tribes (STs) in India, emphasizing their socio-economic conditions and historical marginalization. It highlights the critical need for integrated tribal development through equitable educational opportunities, constitutional safeguards, and government initiatives. The analysis includes demographic changes, literacy rates, and the ongoing issues faced by tribal communities to achieve their rightful place in national development."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":0,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Education for the Indian Tribal - A Study","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [3373645]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":31478870,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Education for the Indian Tribal - A Study”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/31478870/mini_magick20190426-11544-vn32xh.png?1556273513" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Education for the Indian Tribal - A Study</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3373645" href="https://wbsubregistration.academia.edu/DrAjitMondal"><img alt="Profile image of Dr. Ajit Mondal" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/3373645/1135650/150702352/s65_dr._ajit.mondal.jpg" />Dr. Ajit Mondal</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">6 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">3 files</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 3829183; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=3829183"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This study examines the challenges and progress of education for Scheduled Tribes (STs) in India, emphasizing their socio-economic conditions and historical marginalization. It highlights the critical need for integrated tribal development through equitable educational opportunities, constitutional safeguards, and government initiatives. 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Hence, the solution to these issues should enable the tribals to protect their own interests. Protecting the land and forest rights of tribal communities is equivalent to protecting their livelihoods, life and liberty. This remains one of the critical necessities of a welfare State. Therefore, laws protecting tribal land from alienation must be upheld at all costs; The right to natural resources in tribal lands has to be protected. They should only be accessed with the consent of the Gram Sabhas of the villages (both directly affected and in the zone of influence); While tribal lands hold much of the natural and mineral wealth of the nation, these resources cannot be alienated against their will. Moreover, communities who part with their lands have the right to share in the wealth and income so generated from its resources. Hence, a reasonable share of the wealth generated by the resources in their homelands must accrue to them by law, and the right to preservation of their language, culture and traditions, and to protect themselves against the loss of identity, must be recognized, protected, documented and allowed to thrive as a dynamic living culture.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"REPORT OF THE HIGH LEVEL COMMITTEE ON SOCIO- ECONOMIC, HEALTH AND EDUCATIONAL STATUS OF TRIBAL COMMUNITIES OF INDIA Ministry of Tribal Affairs Government of India","attachmentId":64530645,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44171637/REPORT_OF_THE_HIGH_LEVEL_COMMITTEE_ON_SOCIO_ECONOMIC_HEALTH_AND_EDUCATIONAL_STATUS_OF_TRIBAL_COMMUNITIES_OF_INDIA_Ministry_of_Tribal_Affairs_Government_of_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44171637/REPORT_OF_THE_HIGH_LEVEL_COMMITTEE_ON_SOCIO_ECONOMIC_HEALTH_AND_EDUCATIONAL_STATUS_OF_TRIBAL_COMMUNITIES_OF_INDIA_Ministry_of_Tribal_Affairs_Government_of_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="89419460" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89419460/Tribal_development_in_India_Protecting_Jal_Jangal_Zameen">Tribal development in India: Protecting Jal-Jangal-Zameen</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8487658" href="https://jmi.academia.edu/PoojaPaswan">Pooja Paswan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bhartiya Janata Yuva Morcha MAGAZINE, October, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">India has the second largest concentration of tribal population within the world. Approximately there are about 698 Scheduled Tribes that constitute 8.5% of the India's population as per the 2001 censes. Tribal communities in India are geographically isolated, economically weak, socially ignorant, politically indifferent, culturally rich, behaviourally simple, trust worthy and leading their life in the lap of nature. They encounter difficulties in the context of socio-economic, cultural and political development. They are considered as weaker sections of the society and lead a life at bare subsistence level.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tribal development in India: Protecting Jal-Jangal-Zameen","attachmentId":93227689,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89419460/Tribal_development_in_India_Protecting_Jal_Jangal_Zameen","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89419460/Tribal_development_in_India_Protecting_Jal_Jangal_Zameen"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="50944245" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50944245/Deprived_Tribes_of_India_Regional_Concerns_and_Issues">Deprived Tribes of India: Regional Concerns and Issues</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="234115" href="https://uohyd.academia.edu/vasantacnu">V. Srinivasa Rao</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Tribal Studies: A Journal of COATS, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">According to the 2011 census, the total tribal population is 104 million which is 8.6 per cent of the total population in India. If the total tribal population lives in one state in India, that state would have become the third largest populated state after Uttar Pradesh (199 million population) and Maharashtra (112 million population). The share of Indian tribal population among the world indigenous population is around 22 percent which is almost one fourth of the total world indigenous population. It is estimated that there are 476 million indigenous population worldwide in over 90 countries. The tribes in India, who constitute numerically one of the largest population, are still lagging much behind in socioeconomic political indicators when compared with other social groups including scheduled castes. This is the situation even after 73 years of India's independence. Out of many reasons for their deprivation and underdevelopment, the diversity among tribal regions and even among different tribal groups has been observed as one of the main reasons. In this context, the present paper discusses the status of their deprivation while highlighting various issues and concerns at regional level. The issues such as their language, culture, religion, poverty, violence, identity, ethnicity, impact of globalisation on tribal women especially on PVTGs etc. with reference to a particular tribal group and their regions are discussed in the paper. The policy suggestions in the first part of the paper would be helpful for tribal policy formulation and programme implementation to address their issues at a larger context.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Deprived Tribes of India: Regional Concerns and Issues","attachmentId":68821328,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50944245/Deprived_Tribes_of_India_Regional_Concerns_and_Issues","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50944245/Deprived_Tribes_of_India_Regional_Concerns_and_Issues"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="1396609" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1396609/Tribal_underdevelopment_in_India">Tribal underdevelopment in India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1212210" href="https://uohyd.academia.edu/asangao">asang ao</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Development and Change, 1978</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Reviewing the policies and programmes of the preceding five-year plans we are of the opinion that the efforts so far made for social and economic development of the Scheduled Tribes have not brought about an appreciable change in their condition. This paper attempts to explain the failure of government programmes for tribal development and to assess the role of the State in maintaining the underdevelopment of the adivasis. After briefly describing the situation in tribal areas and the special laws</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tribal underdevelopment in India","attachmentId":50989491,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1396609/Tribal_underdevelopment_in_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1396609/Tribal_underdevelopment_in_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="3295832" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3295832/Tribals_in_India_the_changing_scenario">Tribals in India: the changing scenario</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2734011" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MadhusudanTrivedi">Madhusudan Trivedi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1998</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The tribals of South Rajasthan have remained all through the periods as backward, illiterate and poor. Most of their ills are due to their isolation from the mainline civilization. In the earlier stages of their development the tribals constituted an egalitarian society. The determinants of their status included bravery, chivalry and ability to take risk. The earlier form of this egalitarian society consisted of equal</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tribals in India: the changing scenario","attachmentId":35333603,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3295832/Tribals_in_India_the_changing_scenario","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3295832/Tribals_in_India_the_changing_scenario"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="25132649" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25132649/Education_for_tribal_children_An_engine_for_human_development">Education for tribal children: An engine for human development</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11175819" href="https://cess.academia.edu/MalyadriPacha">Malyadri Pacha</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Indian Constitution assigns special status to the Scheduled Tribes (STs). Traditionally referred to as adivasis, vanbasis, tribes, or tribals; STs constitute about 8% of the Indian population. There are around 573 Scheduled Tribes living in different parts of the country, having their own languages different from the one mostly spoken in the State where they live. There are more than 270 such languages in India. Accordingly to the 2001 census, the tribal population in India is about 67.8 million. The largest number of tribals is in the undivided Madhya Pradesh (16.40 million), followed by Orissa (7 million) and Bihar (6.6 million). However, the largest proportion of tribals in total population is in Mizoram (95%), followed by Lakshadweep (93%), Nagaland (88%), Meghalaya (86%), and Arunachal Pradesh (64%). Nine States – Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Orissa, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, and West Bengal; together account for more than four-fifth of the tribal population in India. The term tribe or tribal is not defined anywhere in the Constitution although according to Article 342, ST represents the tribe or tribal communities that are notified by the President. Tribes are not part of the traditional Hindu caste structure. STs in India are more similar to the “indigenous” or “native people” in other parts of the world. Realizing that Scheduled Tribes are one of the most deprived and marginalized groups with respect to education, a host of programs and measures were initiated during the Independence. Elementary education is a priority area in the Tribal sub-plans from the 5th Five Year Plan. Education of ST children is considered important, not only because of the Constitutional obligation but also as a crucial input for the total development of tribal communities. The present paper made an attempt to analyze the problems in the field of Tribal children education and suggest measures for the development of education among the Tribals in Khammam District of Andhra Pradesh state in India. The study reveals that People of the remote area are superstitious and addicted to blind beliefs. Hence, they do not understand the value of education. Keywords: tribal groups; scheduled tribes; drop-out problem; human</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Education for tribal children: An engine for human development","attachmentId":45453283,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25132649/Education_for_tribal_children_An_engine_for_human_development","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25132649/Education_for_tribal_children_An_engine_for_human_development"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="115997603" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115997603/Particularly_Vulnerable_Tribal_Groups_of_India_Issues_of_Survival_and_Development">Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups of India: Issues of Survival and Development</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="423645" href="https://ravenshawuniversity.academia.edu/RavenshawAsima">Ravenshaw Asima</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57035114" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JournalSocialVision">Journal Social Vision</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Social Vision </p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) are a sub-classification from the broader class called scheduled tribes. Among the 750 aboriginal tribes 10%, i.e. 75 are identified as PVTGs who are primitives among the primitives, backward among the backward, most neglected, and disadvantaged groups. High concentrations of PVTGs are found in Odisha (13) followed by 12 in Andhra Pradesh and 09 in Bihar including Jharkhand. Although the criteria-based identification process is criticized by some scholars as inadequate it helps the Government to launch specific programmes like the Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA), Modified Area Development Agency (MADA), Micro projects, and Dispersed Tribal Development Programme (DTDP) for their welfare. Like the tribals, they face numerous challenges. The need of the time is to relocate them and to launch tribe and area-wise on-the-spot programs. They need at the same time to preserve their separate identity and cultures. The present paper is an attempt to study the method of identification of the PVTGs across the country, their ongoing conditions, and their vulnerability. The author has taken into consideration some of the selected case studies to emphasize tribal discontent across the country. A major part of the information for this present paper is collected from secondary sources.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups of India: Issues of Survival and Development","attachmentId":112249533,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115997603/Particularly_Vulnerable_Tribal_Groups_of_India_Issues_of_Survival_and_Development","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115997603/Particularly_Vulnerable_Tribal_Groups_of_India_Issues_of_Survival_and_Development"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="85289710" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85289710/A_study_of_tribal_vs_non_tribals_Culture_and_life_of_tribal_population">A study of tribal vs non-tribals Culture and life of tribal population</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30069587" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NareshRout">Naresh Rout</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Scheduled Tribes communities in India as well as in Orissa are characterized by economic and social marginalization, primitive existence, geographical isolation and educational backwardness. Tribal population is the aboriginal inhabitants of India who have been living a life based on the natural environment and have cultural patterns congenial to their physical and social environment. They have been neglected in different sectors of the society and to protect that they started resistance movement over the years. The major tribes of Orissa, in terms of their numerical strength, are the Kondh, Gond,</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A study of tribal vs non-tribals Culture and life of tribal population","attachmentId":90032736,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85289710/A_study_of_tribal_vs_non_tribals_Culture_and_life_of_tribal_population","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85289710/A_study_of_tribal_vs_non_tribals_Culture_and_life_of_tribal_population"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="39926316" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39926316/Tribal_Development_in_India_Some_Observations">Tribal Development in India: Some Observations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3117329" href="https://kakatiya.academia.edu/BSureshLalPhD">B Suresh Lal, PhD</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Serials Publications, New Delhi, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">India, along with Africa, has the largest tribal population in the world. The statistics are quite astonishing- the 533 different tribes, made up of more than 80 million tribals, represents almost 10% of India’s population. The lives of the tribes in India are closely tied to nature, and they inhabit some of the most pristine and picturesque environments in the country. Largely unaffected by the modern world, they’re very simple and often curious people, who have retained their rituals and customs. Among them about 80 per cent live in the ‘central belt’, extending from Gujarat and Rajasthan in the West, and across the state of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand and Orissa, to West Bengal and Tripura in the East. Most of the remaining 20 per cent live in the Northeastern states of Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim and in the union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli Andaman and Nicobar, and Lakshadweep. A few of them live in the Southern states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. 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