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ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Erromatar+kolonia" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Erromatar+kolonia" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Erromatar+kolonia" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latindar_zuzenbideko_koloniak_(Coloniae_Latinae)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latindar_zuzenbideko_koloniak_(Coloniae_Latinae)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Latindar zuzenbideko koloniak (<i>Coloniae Latinae</i>)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Latindar_zuzenbideko_koloniak_(Coloniae_Latinae)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Latindar zuzenbideko koloniak (<i>Coloniae Latinae</i>) azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Latindar_zuzenbideko_koloniak_(Coloniae_Latinae)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metropoliarekiko_harremana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropoliarekiko_harremana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Metropoliarekiko harremana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropoliarekiko_harremana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italiatik_kanpoko_fundazioak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italiatik_kanpoko_fundazioak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Italiatik kanpoko fundazioak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italiatik_kanpoko_fundazioak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erromatar_hiritarren_koloniak_(Coloniae_civium_Romanorum)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erromatar_hiritarren_koloniak_(Coloniae_civium_Romanorum)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Erromatar hiritarren koloniak (<i>Coloniae civium Romanorum</i>)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Erromatar_hiritarren_koloniak_(Coloniae_civium_Romanorum)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Erromatar hiritarren koloniak (<i>Coloniae civium Romanorum</i>) azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Erromatar_hiritarren_koloniak_(Coloniae_civium_Romanorum)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Italiatik_kanpo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italiatik_kanpo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Italiatik kanpo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italiatik_kanpo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Erromatar kolonia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 32 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Римска колония – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Римска колония" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C3%B2nia_romana" title="Colònia romana – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Colònia romana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98%C3%ADmsk%C3%A1_kolonie" title="Římská kolonie – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Římská kolonie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia" title="Colonia – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Colonia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_(Rom)" title="Colonia (Rom) – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Colonia (Rom)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_(Roman)" title="Colonia (Roman) – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Colonia (Roman)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_romana" title="Colonia romana – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Colonia romana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooma_koloonia" title="Rooma koloonia – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rooma koloonia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C)" title="کلونیا (رومی) – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلونیا (رومی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia" title="Colonia – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Colonia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonie_romaine" title="Colonie romaine – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Colonie romaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starorimska_kolonija" title="Starorimska kolonija – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Starorimska kolonija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia" title="Colonia – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Colonia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_(Romawi)" title="Colonia (Romawi) – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Colonia (Romawi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_romana" title="Colonia romana – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Colonia romana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2_(%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E)" title="コロニア (古代ローマ) – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コロニア (古代ローマ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_(%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88)" title="콜로니아 (고대 로마) – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콜로니아 (고대 로마)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_Romana" title="Colonia Romana – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Colonia Romana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_(Romeinse_term)" title="Colonia (Romeinse term) – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Colonia (Romeinse term)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia" title="Colonia – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Colonia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonia_(staro%C5%BCytny_Rzym)" title="Kolonia (starożytny Rzym) – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kolonia (starożytny Rzym)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C3%B4nia_(Roma_Antiga)" title="Colônia (Roma Antiga) – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Colônia (Roma Antiga)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_(Roma_antic%C4%83)" title="Colonia (Roma antică) – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Colonia (Roma antică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Римская колония – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Римская колония" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimska_kolonija" title="Rimska kolonija – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rimska kolonija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimska_kolonija" title="Rimska kolonija – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rimska kolonija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Римске колоније – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Римске колоније" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia" title="Colonia – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Colonia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloni_nyakati_za_kale" title="Koloni nyakati za kale – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Koloni nyakati za kale" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_(Roma)" title="Colonia (Roma) – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Colonia (Roma)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Римська колонія – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Римська колонія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC)" title="殖民地 (罗马) – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="殖民地 (罗马)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q756780#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Romancoloniae.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Romancoloniae.jpg/500px-Romancoloniae.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Romancoloniae.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption>II. mendeko erromatar kolonien mapa, <a href="/wiki/Trajano" title="Trajano">Trajano</a> ostekoak.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Erromatar kolonia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinez</a>: <span lang="la"><i>colonia</i></span>) <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Erroma" title="Antzinako Erroma">anzinako Erroma</a>ko, hasieran Italiako eta beranduago probintzietako, hainbat <i>civitates</i>-ek zuten estatutu politikoa zen. Bere antolaketa legegintza-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundazio_gutun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundazio gutun (sortu gabe)">fundazio gutun</a> batek eta erromatar herriaren erakundeek arautzen zuten. Berezitasun honek koloniari mendekotasun handiagoa ematen dio Erromarekiko harremanean, <i>municipium</i>ak zuena baino. Hala ere, kolonia, Erromaren aldekoagoa zen kategoria politikotzat hartzen zen, eta ospe handiagoa zuen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maiestas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maiestas (sortu gabe)"><i>maiestas</i></a> zuelako, nagusitasun erlijiosoa. Koloniak Erromako hiriaren analogia bat ziren. </p><p>Kolonia bi esamolderekin erlazionatzen da: <i>colo</i> aditza (landu) edo <i>ex culto agri</i> (landako laborantza). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erromatar lehen koloniak <a href="/wiki/Ostia_(Antzinako_Erromako_hiria)" title="Ostia (Antzinako Erromako hiria)">Ostia</a>n, <a href="/wiki/Anzio" title="Anzio">Anzio</a>n eta <a href="/wiki/Terracina" title="Terracina">Terracina</a>n ezarri ziren K.a. VI. mendearen amaieran, Italiar penintsula konkistatu zen unean. Bertan kokatu ziren, beren kokapen estrategikoari esker menderatutako herriak kontrolatzea ahalbidetzen zuten lekuak zirelako. Kolonia baten sorrera <i>deductio</i> baten bidez gauzatzen zen, hau da, lurralde berrian kokatzen den kanpoko populazio baten leku aldatze batez, fundazio berriko kolonietan (<i>ex novo</i>) edo asentamendu indigenetan. Kolonoak eskubide osoko biztanleak ziren eta kolonia motaren arabera estatutu juridikoa aldatzen zen. Kolonoak latindarrak baziren, latindar estatutua zen, eta kolonoak erromatarrak baziren, erromatar estatutua. Horregatik, erromatar hiritarren koloniek eta hiritar latindarren koloniek tamaina, eraketa eta kokapen ezberdinak zituzten. Lur-neurtzaileak (<i>agrimensores</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> arduratzen ziren lur-banaketaz, berdintasunezkoa izango ez zena; bereizketa sozial horrek hierarkizatutako gizartea eragiten du. </p><p>Kolonizazio prozesuaren lehen etapa honetan, <a href="/wiki/Gerra_Punikoak" title="Gerra Punikoak">Gerra Puniko</a>en amaierara arte iraun zuena, koloniek helburu militarrak zituzten batez ere, erromatar lurraldea defendatzeko pentsatuak izan zirelarik. Koloniak Erromak sortzen zituen erromatar hiritarrei kokalekua eskaintzeko, normalean euren soldadutza urteak bete zituzten <a href="/wiki/Legionario" title="Legionario">legionario</a>ei, estatuak konkistatu berri ziren lurraldeetan zati baten jabetza ematen baitzien. Konkistatutako lurraldearen herena kolonoei ematen zitzaien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latindar_zuzenbideko_koloniak_(Coloniae_Latinae)"><span id="Latindar_zuzenbideko_koloniak_.28Coloniae_Latinae.29"></span>Latindar zuzenbideko koloniak (<i>Coloniae Latinae</i>)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Latindar zuzenbideko koloniak (Coloniae Latinae)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Latindar zuzenbideko koloniak (Coloniae Latinae)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latindar zuzenbideko koloniak <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>n garatu ziren <a href="/wiki/K.a._334" title="K.a. 334">K. a. 334</a> eta <a href="/wiki/K.a._114" title="K.a. 114">K. a. 114</a> artean, Italian zeharreko erromatar hedapen prozesuaren urteak eta <a href="/wiki/Gerra_Soziala" title="Gerra Soziala">Gerra Soziala</a>ren aurretik (gerra honek ahalbidetu baitzuen erromatar hiritartasun osoa ematea italiar guztiei, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lex_Plautia_Papiria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lex Plautia Papiria (sortu gabe)"><i>Lex Plautia Papiria</i></a>ri esker (<a href="/wiki/Zizeron" title="Zizeron">Zizeron</a>, <i>Pro Archias poeta</i> I, 7)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Hasieran Italiako barnealdean kokatzen dira, % 50 erromatarrak eta % 50 <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socii (sortu gabe)">socii</a></i> indigenak dituen fundazioarekin. Latindar estatutuak ez du erlazio geografikorik ezta populazio harremanik ere <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>rekin, baizik eta <a href="/wiki/Erroma" title="Erroma">Erroma</a>k eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latindar_liga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latindar liga (sortu gabe)">latindar liga</a>k K. a. 493an helburu estrategikoekin sortu zituzten kolonia zaharren ezaugarri izan zen estatutu politiko-juridikoari egiten dio erreferentzia, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foedus_Cassianum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foedus Cassianum (sortu gabe)">foedus Cassianum</a></i> delakoari esker. Beranduago, fundazio hauek Erromak bakarrik egin zituen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropoliarekiko_harremana">Metropoliarekiko harremana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Metropoliarekiko harremana»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Metropoliarekiko harremana"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kolonia-metropolia loturak oso lotura estuak dira, kolonoei eskubide zibilak eta Erroman helbidea ezartzeko aukera ematen baitzieten. Erromatar hauei, <i>ius migrandia</i>ren arabera, Erroman bizi ez arren bertan helbideratzea baimentzen zitzaien. Italikoak baziren, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_hiritargoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erromatar hiritargoa (sortu gabe)">erromatar hiritargoa</a> ere ematen zitzaien. Eskubideak zituzten, baina betebeharrak ere bai. Aliatuek militarki lagundu behar zuten, infanteriako <a href="/wiki/Errekrutatze" title="Errekrutatze">errekrutatze</a>ekin lagunduz; Erromaren zerbitzurako ahalmen militar propioa ere izan behar zuten. Beste betebehar batzuk kontribuzioak ordaintzeak dira, erromatar herritar gisa eskatzen zizkieten zergak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italiatik_kanpoko_fundazioak">Italiatik kanpoko fundazioak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Italiatik kanpoko fundazioak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Italiatik kanpoko fundazioak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Italiar lurretatik kanpo Erromak sortzen duen lehen kolonia <a href="/wiki/Italica" title="Italica">Italica</a>koa izango da (gaur egungo <a href="/wiki/Santiponce" title="Santiponce">Santiponce</a>n). K.a. 206an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilipako_gudu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilipako gudu (sortu gabe)">Ilipako gudua</a>ren ondoren, <a href="/wiki/Kartago" title="Kartago">kartagoar</a>ren porrotarekin, zauritutako legionario italikoak inguruko lurraldean kokatu ziren, turdetar kokaleku zahar baten gainean, eta hiri hori kolonia latindarraren estatutuarekin (<i>Coloniae Latinae</i>) sortu zen. Carteia (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadarranque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guadarranque (sortu gabe)">Guadarranque</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Roque_(C%C3%A1diz)" title="San Roque (Cádiz)">San Roque</a>) <a href="/wiki/K.a._171" title="K.a. 171">K.a. 171.</a> urtean sortu zen. Kolonia horretan, oso litekeena da <i>ius migrandi</i> ordeztu izana, hiritargoa kolonian magistratura bat beteaz baino ez delako lortzen. Magistratuak ez ezik, familia osoak jasotzen du hiritargoa. Azken estatutu hau <a href="/wiki/Ponpeio_Estrabon" title="Ponpeio Estrabon">Gneo Ponpeio Estrabon</a>ek eman zuen <a href="/wiki/K.a._89" title="K.a. 89">K.a. 89</a>an, <a href="/wiki/Gerra_Soziala" title="Gerra Soziala">Gerra Soziala</a>ren ondoren. Herritarren banakako emate adibide batzuk <a href="/wiki/Ascoliko_brontzea" title="Ascoliko brontzea">Ascoliko brontzea</a>n daude. <a href="/wiki/Po" title="Po">Po</a> ibaitik haratago ezarritako zenbait kolonia, erromatar eta latindar zuzenbidezko koloniak baziren ere, ohore koloniatzat hartu dira Italiatik kanpo. Kolonia horiek, <a href="/wiki/Erromatar_Inperioa" title="Erromatar Inperioa">Inperio</a>an, batez ere <a href="/wiki/Galia" title="Galia">Galia</a>n ikusten dira, <i><a href="/wiki/Nemausus" title="Nemausus">Nemausus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nimes</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lugdunum_Convenarum" title="Lugdunum Convenarum">L<i>ugdunum Convenarum</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges" title="Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges">Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges</a>) bezalako hirietan. Ohorezko kolonia horien berririk ez dago <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a>n. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erromatar_hiritarren_koloniak_(Coloniae_civium_Romanorum)"><span id="Erromatar_hiritarren_koloniak_.28Coloniae_civium_Romanorum.29"></span>Erromatar hiritarren koloniak (<i>Coloniae civium Romanorum</i>)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erromatar hiritarren koloniak (Coloniae civium Romanorum)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Erromatar hiritarren koloniak (Coloniae civium Romanorum)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erromatar hiritarren koloniak erromatar zuzenbideko koloniak ziren. Ezaugarri militarrak edo zibilak dituzten populazio-koloniak. Erromatar hiritarren koloniak, kostaldean ezarri ziren, eta, beraz, <i>coloniae maritimae</i> bezala ere ezagutzen ziren. Txikiak ziren (300 familia erromatar eta latindar gehiago) eta Erromatik gertu geratzen ziren. 338. urtetik aurrera dokumentatzen dira. Latindar liga desegin egin zen, eta Erromak <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a> bateratu zuen. Italiako lehen adibideak <i>Antium</i> (<a href="/wiki/Anzio" title="Anzio">Anzio</a>) edo <a href="/wiki/Terracina" title="Terracina">Terracina</a> dira. Leku estrategikoetan ezarri ziren hasieran: <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a>ko kostaldean. K.a. III. mendeaaren ondoren, Italiako barnealdean ezarri ziren, hegoaldeko kostaldean eta <a href="/wiki/Adriatikoa" title="Adriatikoa">Adriatikoa</a>ren italiak kostaldean. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italiatik_kanpo">Italiatik kanpo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Italiatik kanpo»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Italiatik kanpo"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kolonia horiek <a href="/wiki/Erromatar_Inperioko_probintziak" title="Erromatar Inperioko probintziak">probintzietan</a> ere garatzen dira, <a href="/wiki/Mediterraneoa" title="Mediterraneoa">Mediterraneoa</a> kontrolatzeko ahaleginetik abiatuta, <a href="/wiki/Gerra_Punikoak" title="Gerra Punikoak">guda puniko</a>ekin. Nahiko luze iraun ohi dute, K.o. II. mendera arte, <a href="/wiki/Trajano" title="Trajano">Trajano</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hadriano" title="Hadriano">Hadriano</a>ren agintealdien azpian, kanpoko osagai batean oinarritutako azken fundazioak lekukotzen direnean, eta beste mota bateko osagaiak, titularrak, orokortzen direnean. Lehendik dauden guneei kolonia maila ematen zaie. Populatze-kolonietan eta ohorezkoetan, latindarretan ez bezala, kolonoek herritarren komunitate homogeneoa osatzen dute. </p><p>Italiatik kanpo (<a href="/wiki/Gerra_Soziala" title="Gerra Soziala">Gerra Sozial</a>en ondoren<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> herritar erromatar guztiei ematen zaie lurraldea), koloniak ondo dokumentatuta geratzen dira, batez ere mendebaldeko probintzietan, <a href="/wiki/Danubio" title="Danubio">Danubio</a> aldean eta ekialdeko Mediterraneoan. Mediterraneoko ekialdean testigantzak ditugu <a href="/wiki/Julio_Zesar" title="Julio Zesar">Julio Zesar</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Augusto" class="mw-redirect" title="Augusto">Augusto</a>rekin (<a href="/wiki/Akaia" title="Akaia">Akaia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Mazedonia_(antzinako_erresuma)" title="Mazedonia (antzinako erresuma)">Mazedonia</a> probintzietan) eta <a href="/wiki/Klaudio" title="Klaudio">Klaudio</a>rekin (<a href="/wiki/Trazia" title="Trazia">Trazia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapadozia" title="Kapadozia">Kapadozia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenizia" title="Fenizia">Fenizia</a>…). Kolonia estatutuak, Italiatik kanpo, ez du esan nahi pribilegio fiskalik duenik beste estatutu batzuekiko, zerga-salbuespenak <i>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Immunitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immunitas (sortu gabe)">immunitas</a>)</i> Errepublikaren amaieran Estatuaren menpe eta Inperioan enperadorearen menpe zeudelako. <a href="/wiki/Karakala" title="Karakala">Karakala</a>ren agintean, K.o. III. mendearen hasieran, probintzietan herritarren zabalkundearekin, ez dira garrantzitsuak Erromako estatutu politikoetarako sustapenak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Beste erromatar hiri, herri eta herrixka mota administrazioaren ikuspuntutik:</p><div style="-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2;column-count:2;-moz-column-gap:1em;-webkit-column-gap:1em;column-gap:1em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">Oppidum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pagus" title="Pagus">Pagus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erromatar_hiri" title="Erromatar hiri">Erromatar hiri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canaba" title="Canaba">Canaba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Municipium" title="Municipium">Municipium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vicus" title="Vicus">Vicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Villa_(Antzinako_Erroma)" title="Villa (Antzinako Erroma)">Villa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mansio" title="Mansio">Mansio</a></i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFChouquer2011-09-01">Chouquer, Gérard.  (2011-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metode.es/revistas-metode/monograficos/los-agrimensores-romanos-cartografos-de-territorios.html">«Los agrimensores romanos, cartógrafos de territorios»</a> <i>Revista Mètode</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2021-01-08)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/cicero/arch.shtml#1">«Cicero: Pro Archia»</a> <i>www.thelatinlibrary.com</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2021-01-08)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Social-War-Roman-history">«Social War | Roman history | Britannica»</a> <i>www.britannica.com</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-03-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erromatar_kolonia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756780" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q756780">Q756780</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" 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