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class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigering </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" title="Besök huvudsidan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Huvudsida</span></a></li><li id="n-Introduktion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion"><span>Introduktion</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deltagarportalen" title="Om projektet, vad du kan göra, var man kan hitta saker"><span>Deltagarportalen</span></a></li><li id="n-Bybrunnen" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bybrunnen"><span>Bybrunnen</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar" title="Lista över de senaste ändringarna på wikin [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Senaste ändringarna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Slumpsida" title="Gå till en slumpmässigt 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Panaman%C3%A4set" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Panaman%C3%A4set" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Panaman%C3%A4set" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Panaman%C3%A4set" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Panamanäset</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 64 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamalandengte" title="Panamalandengte – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Panamalandengte" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%AE_%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7" title="برزخ بنما – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برزخ بنما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismu_de_Panam%C3%A1" title="Ismu de Panamá – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ismu de Panamá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_b%C9%99rz%C9%99xi" title="Panama bərzəxi – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Panama bərzəxi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap" title="Panamá Tē-kiap – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Panamá Tē-kiap" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Панамскі перашыек – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Панамскі перашыек" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Панамски провлак – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Панамски провлак" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strizh-douar_Panama" title="Strizh-douar Panama – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Strizh-douar Panama" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istme_de_Panam%C3%A0" title="Istme de Panamà – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Istme de Panamà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%C4%95" title="Панам пымакĕ – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Панам пымакĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_de_Panam%C3%A1" title="Istmo de Panamá – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Istmo de Panamá" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje" title="Panamská šíje – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Panamská šíje" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culdir_Panam%C3%A2" title="Culdir Panamâ – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Culdir Panamâ" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamatangen" title="Panamatangen – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Panamatangen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_von_Panama" title="Isthmus von Panama – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Isthmus von Panama" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_maakitsus" title="Panama maakitsus – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Panama maakitsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Panama" title="Isthmus of Panama – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Isthmus of Panama" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_de_Panam%C3%A1" title="Istmo de Panamá – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Istmo de Panamá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_de_Panamo" title="Istmo de Panamo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Istmo de Panamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamako_istmoa" title="Panamako istmoa – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Panamako istmoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="باریکه پاناما – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باریکه پاناما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthme_de_Panama" title="Isthme de Panama – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Isthme de Panama" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2ningte_fan_Panama" title="Lâningte fan Panama – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lâningte fan Panama" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%82%98%EB%A7%88_%EC%A7%80%ED%98%91" title="파나마 지협 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파나마 지협" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पनामा भूडमरुमध्य – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पनामा भूडमरुमध्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_Genting_Panama" title="Tanah Genting Panama – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tanah Genting Panama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamaei%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Panamaeiðið – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Panamaeiðið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_di_Panama" title="Istmo di Panama – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Istmo di Panama" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%94" title="מצר פנמה – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מצר פנמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A7%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="პანამის ყელი – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პანამის ყელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Панама мойнағы – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Панама мойнағы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shingo_ya_nchi_ya_Panama" title="Shingo ya nchi ya Panama – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shingo ya nchi ya Panama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Панама мойногу – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Панама мойногу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_Panamensis" title="Isthmus Panamensis – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Isthmus Panamensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamas_zemes%C5%A1aurums" title="Panamas zemesšaurums – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Panamas zemesšaurums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamos_s%C4%85smauka" title="Panamos sąsmauka – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Panamos sąsmauka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama-f%C3%B6ldszoros" title="Panama-földszoros – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Panama-földszoros" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Панамски Провлак – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Панамски Провлак" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segenting_Panama" title="Segenting Panama – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Segenting Panama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landengte_van_Panama" title="Landengte van Panama – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Landengte van Panama" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%8A%E3%83%9E%E5%9C%B0%E5%B3%A1" title="パナマ地峡 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パナマ地峡" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamaeidet" title="Panamaeidet – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Panamaeidet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istme_de_Panam%C3%A0" title="Istme de Panamà – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Istme de Panamà" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_bo%CA%BByni" title="Panama boʻyni – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Panama boʻyni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przesmyk_Panamski" title="Przesmyk Panamski – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przesmyk Panamski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_do_Panam%C3%A1" title="Istmo do Panamá – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Istmo do Panamá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmul_Panama" title="Istmul Panama – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Istmul Panama" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Панамский перешеек – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панамский перешеек" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loundbr%C3%A4%C3%A4ch_fon_Panama" title="Loundbrääch fon Panama – saterfrisiska" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Loundbrääch fon Panama" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Panama" title="Isthmus of Panama – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Isthmus of Panama" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamska_o%C5%BEina" title="Panamska ožina – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Panamska ožina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Панамска превлака – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Панамска превлака" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamska_prevlaka" title="Panamska prevlaka – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Panamska prevlaka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaman_kannas" title="Panaman kannas – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Panaman kannas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalahikan_ng_Panama" title="Dalahikan ng Panama – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dalahikan ng Panama" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="பனாமாவின் பூச்சந்தி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பனாமாவின் பூச்சந்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="คอคอดปานามา – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอคอดปานามา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Гарданаи Панама – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гарданаи Панама" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_K%C4%B1sta%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Panama Kıstağı – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Panama Kıstağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Панамський перешийок – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Панамський перешийок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eo_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5t_Panama" title="Eo đất Panama – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Eo đất Panama" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_han_Panama" title="Istmo han Panama – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Istmo han Panama" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A9%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%B3%A1" title="巴拿马地峡 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴拿马地峡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%B3%BD" title="巴拿馬地峽 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴拿馬地峽" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182139#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Panaman%C3%A4set" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:Panaman%C3%A4set&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [inte skriven än] [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label 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class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panaman%C3%A4set&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panaman%C3%A4set&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Panaman%C3%A4set"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panaman%C3%A4set&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panaman%C3%A4set&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panaman%C3%A4set&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Panaman%C3%A4set" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Panaman%C3%A4set" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panaman%C3%A4set&oldid=48536090" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panaman%C3%A4set&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Panaman%C3%A4set&id=48536090&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPanaman%25C3%25A4set"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPanaman%25C3%25A4set"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Panaman%C3%A4set"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Panaman%C3%A4set&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panaman%C3%A4set&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Isthmus_of_Panama" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182139" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Pm-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pm-map.png/250px-Pm-map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pm-map.png/375px-Pm-map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pm-map.png/500px-Pm-map.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="323" /></a><figcaption>Panamanäset</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Panamanäset</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanska" title="Spanska">spanska</a>: <span lang="es"><i>Istmo de Panamá</i></span>) eller historiskt även <b>Dariennäset</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanska" title="Spanska">spanska</a>: <span lang="es"><i>Istmo de Darién</i></span>), är det <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4s" title="Näs">näs</a> i <a href="/wiki/Centralamerika" title="Centralamerika">Centralamerika</a> som avskiljer <a href="/wiki/Karibiska_havet" title="Karibiska havet">Karibiska havet</a> (och därmed <a href="/wiki/Atlanten" title="Atlanten">Atlanten</a>) från <a href="/wiki/Stilla_havet" title="Stilla havet">Stilla havet</a> och som förenar <a href="/wiki/Nordamerika" title="Nordamerika">Nord-</a> och <a href="/wiki/Sydamerika" title="Sydamerika">Sydamerika</a>. Panamanäset bildades för omkring tre miljoner år sedan under <a href="/wiki/Pliocen" title="Pliocen">pliocen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nrm_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrm-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-geologia.fi_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geologia.fi-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Idag ligger näset i <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> och genomkorsas av <a href="/wiki/Panamakanalen" title="Panamakanalen">Panamakanalen</a>. Liksom de flesta näs är det av stor strategisk betydelse. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geologi">Geologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panaman%C3%A4set&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Geologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panaman%C3%A4set&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Geologi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>För tjugo miljoner år sedan var området där i dag Panama ligger täckt av <a href="/wiki/Hav" title="Hav">hav</a>. Nord- och Sydamerika var två åtskilda <a href="/wiki/Kontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Kontinent">kontinenter</a> och <a href="/wiki/Havsstr%C3%B6m" title="Havsström">havsströmmar</a> kunde flöda fritt mellan de två <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">oceanerna</a>. Under havsytan kolliderade långsamt två av <a href="/wiki/Jordskorpan" title="Jordskorpan">jordskorpans</a> <a href="/wiki/Kontinentalplatta" title="Kontinentalplatta">kontinentalplattor</a> vilket gjorde att en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subduktionzon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subduktionzon [inte skriven än]">subduktionzon</a> bildades där <a href="/wiki/Stillahavsplattan" title="Stillahavsplattan">Stillahavsplattan</a> trycktes ned under <a href="/wiki/Karibiska_plattan" title="Karibiska plattan">Karibiska plattan</a>. Hettan och trycket som kollisionen orsakade gjorde att <a href="/wiki/Undervattensvulkan" title="Undervattensvulkan">undervattensvulkaner</a> bildades, av vilka några till slut bildade öar för omkring femton miljoner år sedan. Samtidigt pressades <a href="/wiki/Havsbotten" title="Havsbotten">havsbotten</a> upp av kollisionen och vissa delar lyftes upp ovanför havsytan. </p><p>Med tiden började havsströmmar bryta loss delar av kontinenterna som <a href="/wiki/Sediment_(geologi)" title="Sediment (geologi)">sedimenterades</a> i form av <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a> och <a href="/wiki/Lera" title="Lera">lera</a> mellan de nybildade öarna. Gradvis fylldes mellanrummen mellan öarna igen och för omkring tre miljoner år sedan hade näset bildats mellan kontinenterna. </p><p>Bildandet av Panamanäset kan vara en av de <a href="/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi">geologiskt</a> mest betydelsefulla händelserna på <a href="/wiki/Jorden" title="Jorden">jorden</a> under de senaste sextio miljoner åren. Även om sundet är litet jämfört med kontinenterna som omger det innebar Panamanäset en mycket stor påverkan på jordens <a href="/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat">klimat</a>. Havsströmmarna som tidigare flutit mellan kontinenterna stoppades och bland annat bildades <a href="/wiki/Golfstr%C3%B6mmen" title="Golfströmmen">Golfströmmen</a> i Atlanten vilket gör klimatet betydligt varmare i nordvästra <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> (vintrarna i <a href="/wiki/Norden" title="Norden">Norden</a> skulle vara omkring 10<a href="/wiki/Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a> kallare utan Golfströmmen). Dessutom började <a href="/wiki/Saltvatten" title="Saltvatten">salthalten</a> i Atlanten att öka sedan utbytet mellan oceanerna upphört. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nahl_1850,_Der_Isthmus_von_Panama_auf_der_H%C3%B6he_des_Chagres_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nahl_1850%2C_Der_Isthmus_von_Panama_auf_der_H%C3%B6he_des_Chagres_River.jpg/250px-Nahl_1850%2C_Der_Isthmus_von_Panama_auf_der_H%C3%B6he_des_Chagres_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nahl_1850%2C_Der_Isthmus_von_Panama_auf_der_H%C3%B6he_des_Chagres_River.jpg/375px-Nahl_1850%2C_Der_Isthmus_von_Panama_auf_der_H%C3%B6he_des_Chagres_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nahl_1850%2C_Der_Isthmus_von_Panama_auf_der_H%C3%B6he_des_Chagres_River.jpg/500px-Nahl_1850%2C_Der_Isthmus_von_Panama_auf_der_H%C3%B6he_des_Chagres_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="1015" /></a><figcaption>En oljemålning av den tyskfödde konstnären <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Christian_Nahl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Christian Nahl [inte skriven än]">Charles Christian Nahl</a> från 1850: <i>Panamanäset i höjd med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagresfloden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chagresfloden [inte skriven än]">Chagresfloden</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bildandet av Panamanäset orsakade direkt och indirekt det globala mönster som havets strömmar idag följer vilket i sin tur påverkat både <a href="/wiki/Jordens_atmosf%C3%A4r" title="Jordens atmosfär">atmosfär</a>, nederbörd och landskap över hela jordklotet. Förmodligen gjorde det varmare klimatet att isen vid polerna bildades vilket ledde till <a href="/wiki/Istid" title="Istid">istiden</a> under <a href="/wiki/Pleistocen" title="Pleistocen">pleistocen</a>. </p><p>Bildandet av Panamanäset har också haft stor betydelse för den <a href="/wiki/Biologisk_m%C3%A5ngfald" title="Biologisk mångfald">biologiska mångfalden</a> i världen. Sydamerika hade innan dess varit isolerad i många miljoner år. Vissa arter tog sig norr ut över näset, till exempel <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4ltdjur" title="Bältdjur">bältdjur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A4dpiggsvin" title="Trädpiggsvin">trädpiggsvin</a> och <a href="/wiki/Opossum" class="mw-redirect" title="Opossum">opossum</a>, medan andra fortsatte sin migration söder ut över näset, till exempel <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn" class="mw-redirect" title="Björn">björn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katt" title="Katt">katt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hund" title="Hund">hund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamadjur" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamadjur">lamadjur</a> och <a href="/wiki/Tv%C3%A4ttbj%C3%B6rnar" title="Tvättbjörnar">tvättbjörnar</a>. Det kallas det <a href="/wiki/Stora_amerikanska_faunautbytet" title="Stora amerikanska faunautbytet">Stora amerikanska faunautbytet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panaman%C3%A4set&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panaman%C3%A4set&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1513 färdades <a href="/wiki/Vasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa" title="Vasco Núñez de Balboa">Vasco Núñez de Balboa</a> över Panamanäset och upptäckte den <a href="/wiki/Centralamerika" title="Centralamerika">centralamerikanska</a> <a href="/wiki/Stilla_havet" title="Stilla havet">stillahavskusten</a> för västvärlden.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Skottland" title="Skottland">Skottland</a> försökte genom <a href="/wiki/Dari%C3%A9nplanen" title="Dariénplanen">Dariénplanen</a> 1698 upprätta en koloni, men fick överge den efter några år. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panaman%C3%A4set&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panaman%C3%A4set&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dari%C3%A9n-gapet" title="Darién-gapet">Darién-gapet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panaman%C3%A4set&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panaman%C3%A4set&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nrm-1"><a href="#cite_ref-nrm_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://utstallning.nrm.se/4.4fd7b99f152b47637006bcc2.html?id=4.4fd7b99f152b47637006bca0">”Visste du att”</a>. <i><span>Paleogen och neogen - en utställning</span></i>. Naturhistoriska riksmuseet<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://utstallning.nrm.se/4.4fd7b99f152b47637006bcc2.html?id=4.4fd7b99f152b47637006bca0">https://utstallning.nrm.se/4.4fd7b99f152b47637006bcc2.html?id=4.4fd7b99f152b47637006bca0</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 7 januari 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Visste+du+att&rft.atitle=Paleogen+och+neogen+-+en+utst%C3%A4llning&rft.pub=Naturhistoriska+riksmuseet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Futstallning.nrm.se%2F4.4fd7b99f152b47637006bcc2.html%3Fid%3D4.4fd7b99f152b47637006bca0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Panaman%C3%A4set"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-geologia.fi-2"><a href="#cite_ref-geologia.fi_2-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFredaktör_Cecilia_Aarnio,_efter_Mikko_Turunens_artikel_Geologia_ja_aika2018">redaktör Cecilia Aarnio, efter Mikko Turunens artikel Geologia ja aika (8 december 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geologia.fi/index.php/sv/2018/12/08/geologi-och-tiden-livets-utveckling/">”Geologi och tiden – livets utveckling”</a>. <i><span>gelogia.fi</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.geologia.fi/index.php/sv/2018/12/08/geologi-och-tiden-livets-utveckling/">http://www.geologia.fi/index.php/sv/2018/12/08/geologi-och-tiden-livets-utveckling/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 7 januari 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Geologi+och+tiden+%E2%80%93+livets+utveckling&rft.atitle=gelogia.fi&rft.aulast=redakt%C3%B6r+Cecilia+Aarnio%2C+efter+Mikko+Turunens+artikel+Geologia+ja+aika&rft.au=redakt%C3%B6r+Cecilia+Aarnio%2C+efter+Mikko+Turunens+artikel+Geologia+ja+aika&rft.date=8+december+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geologia.fi%2Findex.php%2Fsv%2F2018%2F12%2F08%2Fgeologi-och-tiden-livets-utveckling%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Panaman%C3%A4set"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svd.se/dogmer-i-stilla-havet">”Dogmer i Stilla havet”</a>. Svenska dagbladet. 2 oktober 1957<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.svd.se/dogmer-i-stilla-havet">http://www.svd.se/dogmer-i-stilla-havet</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 januari 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Dogmer+i+Stilla+havet&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2+oktober+1957&rft.pub=Svenska+dagbladet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.svd.se%2Fdogmer-i-stilla-havet&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Panaman%C3%A4set"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panamanäset&oldid=48536090">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panamanäset&oldid=48536090</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:N%C3%A4s" title="Kategori:Näs">Näs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Landformer_i_Panama" title="Kategori:Landformer i Panama">Landformer i Panama</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Dold kategori: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artiklar_med_text_p%C3%A5_spanska" title="Kategori:Artiklar med text på spanska">Artiklar med text på spanska</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 8 december 2020 kl. 13.20.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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