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Toda</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Yuji Toda"> <meta name="keywords" content="Yuji Toda"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Yuji Toda"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 27</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Yuji Toda</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Multiple-Lump-Type Solutions of the 2D Toda Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian-Ping%20Yu">Jian-Ping Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Xiu%20Ma"> Wen-Xiu Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Li%20Sun"> Yong-Li Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaudry%20Masood%20Khalique"> Chaudry Masood Khalique</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a 2d Toda equation is studied, which is a classical integrable system and plays a vital role in mathematics, physics and other areas. New lump-type solution is constructed by using the Hirota bilinear method. One interesting feature of this research is that this lump-type solutions possesses two types of multiple-lump-type waves, which are one- and two-lump-type waves. Moreover, the corresponding 3d plots, density plots and contour plots are given to show the dynamical features of the obtained multiple-lump-type solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2d%20Toda%20equation" title="2d Toda equation">2d Toda equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hirota%20bilinear%20method" title=" Hirota bilinear method"> Hirota bilinear method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lump-type%20solution" title=" Lump-type solution"> Lump-type solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple-lump-type%20solution" title=" multiple-lump-type solution"> multiple-lump-type solution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104938/multiple-lump-type-solutions-of-the-2d-toda-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Application of Public Access Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Distributed Hydrological Models for Flood Forecasting in Ungauged Basins</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Shayeq%20Azizi">Ahmad Shayeq Azizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Toda"> Yuji Toda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Afghanistan, floods are the most frequent and recurrent events among other natural disasters. On the other hand, lack of monitoring data is a severe problem, which increases the difficulty of making the appropriate flood countermeasures of flood forecasting. This study is carried out to simulate the flood inundation in Harirud River Basin by application of distributed hydrological model, Integrated Flood Analysis System (IFAS) and 2D hydrodynamic model, International River Interface Cooperative (iRIC) based on satellite rainfall combined with historical peak discharge and global accessed data. The results of the simulation can predict the inundation area, depth and velocity, and the hardware countermeasures such as the impact of levee installation can be discussed by using the present method. The methodology proposed in this study is suitable for the area where hydrological and geographical data including river survey data are poorly observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20hydrological%20model" title="distributed hydrological model">distributed hydrological model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20inundation" title=" flood inundation"> flood inundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamic%20model" title=" hydrodynamic model"> hydrodynamic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ungauged%20basins" title=" ungauged basins"> ungauged basins</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91132/application-of-public-access-two-dimensional-hydrodynamic-and-distributed-hydrological-models-for-flood-forecasting-in-ungauged-basins" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Study on the Self-Location Estimate by the Evolutional Triangle Similarity Matching Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Kageyama">Yuji Kageyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shin%20Nagata"> Shin Nagata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatsuya%20Takino"> Tatsuya Takino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izuru%20Nomura"> Izuru Nomura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroyuki%20Kamata"> Hiroyuki Kamata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In previous study, technique to estimate a self-location by using a lunar image is proposed. We consider the improvement of the conventional method in consideration of FPGA implementation in this paper. Specifically, we introduce Artificial Bee Colony algorithm for reduction of search time. In addition, we use fixed point arithmetic to enable high-speed operation on FPGA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SLIM" title="SLIM">SLIM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artificial%20Bee%20Colony%20Algorithm" title=" Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm"> Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=location%20estimate" title=" location estimate"> location estimate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutional%20triangle%20similarity" title=" evolutional triangle similarity"> evolutional triangle similarity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19303/study-on-the-self-location-estimate-by-the-evolutional-triangle-similarity-matching-using-artificial-bee-colony-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Implementation of a Method of Crater Detection Using Principal Component Analysis in FPGA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izuru%20Nomura">Izuru Nomura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatsuya%20Takino"> Tatsuya Takino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Kageyama"> Yuji Kageyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shin%20Nagata"> Shin Nagata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroyuki%20Kamata"> Hiroyuki Kamata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose a method of crater detection from the image of the lunar surface captured by the small space probe. We use the principal component analysis (PCA) to detect craters. Nevertheless, considering　severe environment of the space, it is impossible to use generic computer in practice. Accordingly, we have to implement the method in FPGA. This paper compares FPGA and generic computer by the processing time of a method of crater detection using principal component analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crater" title="crater">crater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCA" title=" PCA"> PCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eigenvector" title=" eigenvector"> eigenvector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength%20value" title=" strength value"> strength value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FPGA" title=" FPGA"> FPGA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=processing%20time" title=" processing time "> processing time </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19004/implementation-of-a-method-of-crater-detection-using-principal-component-analysis-in-fpga" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Crater Detection Using PCA from Captured CMOS Camera Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatsuya%20Takino">Tatsuya Takino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izuru%20Nomura"> Izuru Nomura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Kageyama"> Yuji Kageyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shin%20Nagata"> Shin Nagata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroyuki%20Kamata"> Hiroyuki Kamata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose a method of detecting the craters from the image of the lunar surface. This proposal assumes that it is applied to SLIM (Smart Lander for Investigating Moon) working group aiming at the pinpoint landing on the lunar surface and investigating scientific research. It is difficult to equip and use high-performance computers for the small space probe. So, it is necessary to use a small computer with an exclusive hardware such as FPGA. We have studied the crater detection using principal component analysis (PCA), In this paper, We implement detection algorithm into the FPGA, and the detection is performed on the data that was captured from the CMOS camera. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crater%20detection" title="crater detection">crater detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCA" title=" PCA"> PCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FPGA" title=" FPGA"> FPGA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19003/crater-detection-using-pca-from-captured-cmos-camera-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">550</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Influence of Different Thicknesses on Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of a-C:H Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Tunmee">S. Tunmee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Wongpanya"> P. Wongpanya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Toda"> I. Toda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20L.%20Zhou"> X. L. Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Nakaya"> Y. Nakaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Konkhunthot"> N. Konkhunthot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Arakawa"> S. Arakawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Saitoh"> H. Saitoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The hydrogenated amorphous carbon films (a-C:H) were deposited on p-type Si (100) substrates at different thicknesses by radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique (rf-PECVD). Raman spectra display asymmetric diamond-like peaks, representative of the a-C:H films. The decrease of intensity ID/IG ratios revealed the sp3 content arise at different thicknesses of the a-C:H films. In terms of mechanical properties, the high hardness and elastic modulus values show the elastic and plastic deformation behaviors related to sp3 content in amorphous carbon films. Electro chemical properties showed that the a-C:H films exhibited excellent corrosion resistance in air-saturated 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for pH 2 at room temperature. Thickness increasing affected the small sp2 clusters in matrix, restricting the velocity transfer and exchange of electrons. The deposited a-C:H films exhibited excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness" title="thickness">thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20corrosion%20properties" title=" electrochemical corrosion properties"> electrochemical corrosion properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a-C%3AH%20film" title=" a-C:H film"> a-C:H film</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11089/influence-of-different-thicknesses-on-mechanical-and-corrosion-properties-of-a-ch-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11089.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Stress Distribution in Axisymmetric Indentation of an Elastic Layer-Substrate Body</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kotaro%20Miura">Kotaro Miura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makoto%20Sakamoto"> Makoto Sakamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Tanabe"> Yuji Tanabe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We focus on internal stress and displacement of an elastic axisymmetric contact problem for indentation of a layer-substrate body. An elastic layer is assumed to be perfectly bonded to an elastic semi-infinite substrate. The elastic layer is smoothly indented with a flat-ended cylindrical indenter. The analytical and exact solutions were obtained by solving an infinite system of simultaneous equations using the method to express a normal contact stress at the upper surface of the elastic layer as an appropriate series. This paper presented the numerical results of internal stress and displacement distributions for hard-coating system with constant values of Poisson’s ratio and the thickness of elastic layer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indentation" title="indentation">indentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20problem" title=" contact problem"> contact problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20distribution" title=" stress distribution"> stress distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating%20materials" title=" coating materials"> coating materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer-substrate%20body" title=" layer-substrate body"> layer-substrate body</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116384/stress-distribution-in-axisymmetric-indentation-of-an-elastic-layer-substrate-body" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Introduction of PMMA-Tag to VHH for Improving Recovery and Immobilization Rate of VHHS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bongmun%20Kang">Bongmun Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kagnari%20Yamakawa"> Kagnari Yamakawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshihisa%20Hagihara"> Yoshihisa Hagihara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Ito"> Yuji Ito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michimasa%20Kishimoto"> Michimasa Kishimoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoichi%20Kumada"> Yoichi Kumada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The PMMA-tag was genetically fused with the C-terminal region of VHH molecules. This antibody, VHH, is known as a single-chain domain, which is devoid of light chains. The PMMA-tag, which could affect the isoelectric point (pI) changeable with a charge of amino acid in VHHs were closely related to the solubility of VHH molecules during refolding. The genetic fusion of PMMA-tag to C-terminal region of VHHs significantly affects the recovery of their soluble protein during refolding by 50 mM TAPS at pH 8.5. It could be refolded with a recovery of more than 95% by dialysis at pH 8.5. A marked difference in the antigen-binding activities in the adsorption state was significantly high in VHH-PM compared to the wild type of VHH. There are approximately 8-fold differences in the antigen-binding activities in the adsorption state between VHH-PM and VHH. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VHH" title="VHH">VHH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMMA-tag" title=" PMMA-tag"> PMMA-tag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isoelectric%20point" title=" isoelectric point"> isoelectric point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH" title=" pH"> pH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solubility" title=" Solubility"> Solubility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refolding" title=" refolding"> refolding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title=" immobilization"> immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ELISA" title=" ELISA"> ELISA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19089/introduction-of-pmma-tag-to-vhh-for-improving-recovery-and-immobilization-rate-of-vhhs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19089.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Synthetic Cannabinoids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Nakayama">Hiroshi Nakayama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Ito"> Yuji Ito</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Synthetic cannabinoids have attracted much public attention recently in Japan. 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)-indole (JWH-018), 1-pentyl-2-methyl-3-(1-naphthoyl) indole (JWH-015), 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3- (1-(2,2,3,3- tetramethylcyclopropyl)) indole (XLR-11) and 1-methyl-3- (1-admantyl) indole (JWH-018 adamantyl analog) are known as synthetic cannabinoids and are also considered dangerous illegal drugs in Japan. It has become necessary to develop sensitive and useful methods for detection of synthetic cannabinoids. We produced two monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against synthetic cannabinoids, named NT1 (IgG1) and NT2 (IgG1), using Hybridoma technology. The cross-reactivity of these produced MAbs was evaluated using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the results, we found both of these antibodies recognize many kinds of synthetic cannabinoids analog. However, neither of these antibodies recognizes naphtoic acid, 1-methyl-indole and indole known as a raw material of synthetic cannabinoid. Thus, the MAbs produced in this study could be a useful tool for the detection of synthetic cannabinoids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ELISA" title="ELISA">ELISA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monoclonal%20antibody" title=" monoclonal antibody"> monoclonal antibody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20cannabinoid" title=" synthetic cannabinoid"> synthetic cannabinoid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51072/characterization-of-monoclonal-antibodies-specific-for-synthetic-cannabinoids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Multiplayer RC-car Driving System in a Collaborative Augmented Reality Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kikuo%20Asai">Kikuo Asai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Sugimoto"> Yuji Sugimoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We developed a prototype system for multiplayer RC-car driving in a collaborative Augmented Reality (AR) environment. The tele-existence environment is constructed by superimposing digital data onto images captured by a camera on an RC-car, enabling players to experience an augmented coexistence of the digital content and the real world. Marker-based tracking was used for estimating position and orientation of the camera. The plural RC-cars can be operated in a field where square markers are arranged. The video images captured by the camera are transmitted to a PC for visual tracking. The RC-cars are also tracked by using an infrared camera attached to the ceiling, so that the instability is reduced in the visual tracking. Multimedia data such as texts and graphics are visualized to be overlaid onto the video images in the geometrically correct manner. The prototype system allows a tele-existence sensation to be augmented in a collaborative AR environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiplayer" title="multiplayer">multiplayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC-car" title=" RC-car"> RC-car</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaborative%20environment" title=" collaborative environment"> collaborative environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=augmented%20reality" title=" augmented reality"> augmented reality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4359/multiplayer-rc-car-driving-system-in-a-collaborative-augmented-reality-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> The Effects of Applied Negative Bias Voltage on Structure and Optical Properties of a-C:H Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20L.%20Zhou">X. L. Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Tunmee"> S. Tunmee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Toda"> I. Toda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Komatsu"> K. Komatsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ohshio"> S. Ohshio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Saitoh"> H. Saitoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films have been synthesized by a radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (rf-PECVD) technique with different bias voltage from 0.0 to -0.5 kV. The Raman spectra displayed the polymer-like hydrogenated amorphous carbon (PLCH) film with 0.0 to -0.1 and a-C:H films with -0.2 to -0.5 kV of bias voltages. The surface chemical information of all films were studied by X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) technique, presented to C-C (sp2 and sp3) and C-O bonds, and relative carbon (C) and oxygen (O) atomics contents. The O contamination had affected on structure and optical properties. The true density of PLCH and a-C:H films were characterized by X-ray refractivity (XRR) method, showed the result as in the range of 1.16-1.73 g/cm3 that depending on an increasing of bias voltage. The hardness was proportional to the true density of films. In addition, the optical properties i.e. refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) of these films were determined by a spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) method that give formation to in 1.62-2.10 (n) and 0.04-0.15 (k) respectively. These results indicated that the optical properties confirmed the Raman results as presenting the structure changed with applied bias voltage increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20bias%20voltage" title="negative bias voltage">negative bias voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a-C%3AH%20film" title=" a-C:H film"> a-C:H film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20contamination" title=" oxygen contamination"> oxygen contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11691/the-effects-of-applied-negative-bias-voltage-on-structure-and-optical-properties-of-a-ch-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Synthesis of Y2O3 Films by Spray Coating with Milled EDTA ・Y・H Complexes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keiji%20Komatsu%EF%BC%8CTetsuo%20Sekiya">Keiji Komatsu，Tetsuo Sekiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayumu%20Toyama"> Ayumu Toyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atsushi%20Nakamura"> Atsushi Nakamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ikumi%20Toda"> Ikumi Toda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeo%20Ohshio"> Shigeo Ohshio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroyuki%20Muramatsu"> Hiroyuki Muramatsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hidetoshi%20Saitoh"> Hidetoshi Saitoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) films have been successfully deposited with yttrium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA･Y･H) complexes prepared by various milling techniques. The effects of the properties of the EDTA･Y･H complex on the properties of the deposited Y2O3 films have been analyzed. Seven different types of the raw EDTA･Y･H complexes were prepared by various commercial milling techniques such as ball milling, hammer milling, commercial milling, and mortar milling. The milled EDTA･Y･H complexes exhibited various particle sizes and distributions, depending on the milling method. Furthermore, we analyzed the crystal structure, morphology and elemental distribution profile of the metal oxide films deposited on stainless steel substrate with the milled EDTA･Y･H complexes. Depending on the milling technique, the flow properties of the raw powders differed. The X-ray diffraction pattern of all the samples revealed the formation of Y2O3 crystalline phase, irrespective of the milling technique. Of all the different milling techniques, the hammer milling technique is considered suitable for fabricating dense Y2O3 films. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20sizes%20and%20distributions" title="powder sizes and distributions">powder sizes and distributions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20spray%20coating%20techniques" title=" flame spray coating techniques"> flame spray coating techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yttrium%20oxide" title=" Yttrium oxide"> Yttrium oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10330/synthesis-of-y2o3-films-by-spray-coating-with-milled-edta-yh-complexes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Data Structure Learning Platform to Aid in Higher Education IT Courses (DSLEP)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Estevan%20B.%20Costa">Estevan B. Costa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armando%20M.%20Toda"> Armando M. Toda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcell%20A.%20A.%20Mesquita"> Marcell A. A. Mesquita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacques%20D.%20Brancher"> Jacques D. Brancher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The advances in technology in the last five years allowed an improvement in the educational area, as the increasing in the development of educational software. One of the techniques that emerged in this lapse is called Gamification, which is the utilization of video game mechanics outside its bounds. Recent studies involving this technique provided positive results in the application of these concepts in many areas as marketing, health and education. In the last area there are studies that cover from elementary to higher education, with many variations to adequate to the educators methodologies. Among higher education, focusing on IT courses, data structures are an important subject taught in many of these courses, as they are base for many systems. Based on the exposed this paper exposes the development of an interactive web learning environment, called DSLEP (Data Structure Learning Platform), to aid students in higher education IT courses. The system includes basic concepts seen on this subject such as stacks, queues, lists, arrays, trees and was implemented to ease the insertion of new structures. It was also implemented with gamification concepts, such as points, levels, and leader boards, to engage students in the search for knowledge and stimulate self-learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamification" title="gamification">gamification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Interactive%20learning%20environment" title=" Interactive learning environment"> Interactive learning environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20structures" title=" data structures"> data structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-learning" title=" e-learning"> e-learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7021/data-structure-learning-platform-to-aid-in-higher-education-it-courses-dslep" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Sewer Culvert Installation Method to Accommodate Underground Construction in an Urban Area with Narrow Streets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osamu%20Igawa">Osamu Igawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Kouchiwa"> Hiroshi Kouchiwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Ito"> Yuji Ito</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, a reconstruction project for sewer pipelines has been progressing in Japan with the aim of renewing old sewer culverts. However, it is difficult to secure a sufficient base area for shafts in an urban area because many streets are narrow with a complex layout. As a result, construction in such urban areas is generally very demanding. In urban areas, there is a strong requirement for a safe, reliable and economical construction method that does not disturb the public’s daily life and urban activities. With this in mind, we developed a new construction method called the 'shield switching type micro-tunneling method' which integrates the micro-tunneling method and shield method. In this method, pipeline is constructed first for sections that are gently curved or straight using the economical micro-tunneling method, and then the method is switched to the shield method for sections with a sharp curve or a series of curves without establishing an intermediate shaft. This paper provides the information, features and construction examples of this newly developed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-tunneling%20method" title="micro-tunneling method">micro-tunneling method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20lining%20applied%20RC%20segment" title=" secondary lining applied RC segment"> secondary lining applied RC segment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharp%20curve" title=" sharp curve"> sharp curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shield%20method" title=" shield method"> shield method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20type" title=" switching type"> switching type</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4418/sewer-culvert-installation-method-to-accommodate-underground-construction-in-an-urban-area-with-narrow-streets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Evaluation of the Construction of Terraces on a Family Farm in the Municipality of Jaboticabal (SP), Brazil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anderson%20dos%20Santos%20Ananias">Anderson dos Santos Ananias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matheus%20Yuji%20Shigueoka"> Matheus Yuji Shigueoka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roberto%20Saverio%20Souza%20Costa"> Roberto Saverio Souza Costa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil and water conservation can be conceptualized as a combination of management and use methods, which have the function of protecting them against deterioration induced by anthropogenic or natural factors. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the rural extension work in soil conservation carried out at Sítio do Alto in Jaboticabal-SP, through the analysis of planimetric data (latitude and longitude coordinates) and altimetric differences of the empirically constructed terraces by the rural producer and with technical guidance from CATI (Coordination of Integral Technical Assistance). A data collection procedure was carried out in the field, with GPS L1/L2, before the construction of five (5) terraces technically level and after their construction. The results showed that the greatest differences were found on terrace one (1), with a maximum latitude difference of 57 meters, the longitude of 23 m, and altitude of 2 m. These results corroborate the observations in the field, in which the presence of a great erosion caused by the incorrect construction of terrace 1 was verified rainwater to the side of the rural property, where the largest erosion furrows with the beginning of gully formation were found. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPS" title="GPS">GPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20pratice" title=" mechanical pratice"> mechanical pratice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20runoff" title=" surface runoff"> surface runoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title=" erosion"> erosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153307/evaluation-of-the-construction-of-terraces-on-a-family-farm-in-the-municipality-of-jaboticabal-sp-brazil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Demographic Dividend and Creation of Human and Knowledge Capital in Liberal India: An Endogenous Growth Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arjun%20K.">Arjun K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arumugam%20Sankaran"> Arumugam Sankaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Kumar"> Sanjay Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mousumi%20%20Das"> Mousumi Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper analyses the existence of endogenous growth scenario emanating from the demographic dividend in India during the liberalization period starting from 1980. Demographic dividend creates a fertile ground for the cultivation of human and knowledge capitals contributing to technological progress which can be measured using total factor productivity. The relationship among total factor productivity, human and knowledge capitals are examined in an open endogenous framework for the period 1980-2016. The control variables such as foreign direct investment, trade openness, energy consumption are also employed. The data are sourced from Reserve Bank of India, World Bank, International Energy Agency and The National Science and Technology Management Information System. To understand the dynamic association among variables, ARDL bounds approach to cointegration followed by Toda-Yamamoto causality test are used. The results reveal a short run and long run relationship among the variables supported by the existence of causality. This calls for an integrated policy to build and augment human capital and research and development activities to sustain and pace up growth and development in the nation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demographic%20dividend" title="demographic dividend">demographic dividend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=young%20population" title=" young population"> young population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20endogenous%20growth%20models" title=" open endogenous growth models"> open endogenous growth models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20and%20knowledge%20capital" title=" human and knowledge capital"> human and knowledge capital</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107591/demographic-dividend-and-creation-of-human-and-knowledge-capital-in-liberal-india-an-endogenous-growth-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> A Case Study on Impact of Climate Change and Adaptation in Kabul Metropolitan Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Rahim%20Rahimi">Mohammad Rahim Rahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Hoshino"> Yuji Hoshino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kota%20Masuyama"> Kota Masuyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naoya%20Nakajima"> Naoya Nakajima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to study the behavior or influence of climate adaptation and change in Kabul Metropolitan Area (KMA). The Kabul Metropolitan Area (KMA) in Afghanistan includes Kabul existing city and Kabul New City (KNC). Kabul Metropolitan Area has admitted the challenges due to climate change, which includes, natural climate change, social transformations, city landscape, economic and political issues, etc. KMA will withhold a large population within its boundaries. The main problems competed in KMA were the temperature changes over the years, especially in Hindukush and Central Highland of Afghanistan from 1950 up to 2010, 1°C and 1.71°C raised respectively and reduction of water table in existing Kabul city due to the use of more water from underground water resources. Moreover, the cause of temperature rise, the precipitation in spring season and melting of snow early or melting in compressed time as well as the water source is directly related to the capacity of the mountains snow and precipitation. In addition, the temperature increased, and precipitation declined in spring period. It is directly related to separation of dissertation, migration to the cities and other challenges that we will discuss in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20adaption" title=" climate adaption"> climate adaption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation%20in%20Kabul%20metropolitan%20area" title=" adaptation in Kabul metropolitan area"> adaptation in Kabul metropolitan area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precipitation" title=" precipitation"> precipitation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73660/a-case-study-on-impact-of-climate-change-and-adaptation-in-kabul-metropolitan-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Formal Implementation of Routing Information Protocol Using Event-B</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawid%20Ahmad%20Baktash">Jawid Ahmad Baktash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadashi%20Shiroma"> Tadashi Shiroma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomokazu%20Nagata"> Tomokazu Nagata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Taniguchi"> Yuji Taniguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morikazu%20Nakamura"> Morikazu Nakamura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this paper is to explore the use of formal methods for Dynamic Routing, The purpose of network communication with dynamic routing is sending a massage from one node to others by using pacific protocols. In dynamic routing connections are possible based on protocols of Distance vector (Routing Information Protocol, Border Gateway protocol), Link State (Open Shortest Path First, Intermediate system Intermediate System), Hybrid (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol). The responsibility for proper verification becomes crucial with Dynamic Routing. Formal methods can play an essential role in the Routing, development of Networks and testing of distributed systems. Event-B is a formal technique consists of describing rigorously the problem; introduce solutions or details in the refinement steps to obtain more concrete specification, and verifying that proposed solutions are correct. The system is modeled in terms of an abstract state space using variables with set theoretic types and the events that modify state variables. Event-B is a variant of B, was designed for developing distributed systems. In Event-B, the events consist of guarded actions occurring spontaneously rather than being invoked. The invariant state properties must be satisfied by the variables and maintained by the activation of the events. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20rout%20RIP" title="dynamic rout RIP">dynamic rout RIP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal%20method" title=" formal method"> formal method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=event-B" title=" event-B"> event-B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pro-B" title=" pro-B"> pro-B</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38499/formal-implementation-of-routing-information-protocol-using-event-b" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Basic Study on a Thermal Model for Evaluating The Environment of Infant Facilities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Yuan">Xin Yuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Ryu"> Yuji Ryu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The indoor environment has a significant impact on occupants and a suitable indoor thermal environment can improve the children’s physical health and study efficiency during school hours. In this study, we explored the thermal environment in infant facilities classrooms for infants and children aged 1-5 and evaluated their thermal comfort. An infant facility in Fukuoka, Japan was selected for a case study to capture the infant and children’s thermal comfort characteristics in summer and winter from August 2019 to February 2020. Previous studies have pointed out using PMV indices to evaluate the thermal comfort for children could create errors that may lead to misleading results. Thus, to grasp the actual thermal environment and thermal comfort characteristics of infants and children, we retrieved the operative temperature of each child through the thermal model, based on the sensible heat transfer from the skin to the environment, and the measured classroom indoor temperature, relative humidity, and pocket temperature of children’s shorts. The statistical and comparative analysis of the results shows that (1) the operative temperature showed a large individual difference among children, with the maximum reached 6.25 °C. (2) The children might feel slightly cold in the classrooms in summer, with the frequencies of operative temperature within the interval of 26-28 ºC were only 5.33% and 16.6% for children respectively. (3) The thermal environment around children is more complicated in winter the operative temperature could exceed or fail to reach the thermal comfort temperature zone (20-23 ºC interval). (4) The environmental conditions surrounding the children may account for the reduction of their thermal comfort. The findings contribute to improving the understanding of the infant and children’s thermal comfort and provide valuable information for designers and governments to develop effective strategies for the indoor thermal environment considering the perspective of children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infant%20and%20children" title="infant and children">infant and children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20environment" title=" thermal environment"> thermal environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20model" title=" thermal model"> thermal model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operative%20temperature." title=" operative temperature."> operative temperature.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148343/basic-study-on-a-thermal-model-for-evaluating-the-environment-of-infant-facilities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Building Information Management Advantages, Adaptation, and Challenges of Implementation in Kabul Metropolitan Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Rahim%20Rahimi">Mohammad Rahim Rahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Hoshino"> Yuji Hoshino </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Building Information Management (BIM) at recent years has widespread consideration on the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC). BIM has been bringing innovation in AEC industry and has the ability to improve the construction industry with high quality, reduction time and budget of project. Meanwhile, BIM support model and process in AEC industry, the process include the project time cycle, estimating, delivery and generally the way of management of project but not limited to those. This research carried the BIM advantages, adaptation and challenges of implementation in Kabul region. Capital Region Independence Development Authority (CRIDA) have responsibilities to implement the development projects in Kabul region. The method of study were considers on advantages and reasons of BIM performance in Afghanistan based on online survey and data. Besides that, five projects were studied, the reason of consideration were many times design revises and changes. Although, most of the projects had problems regard to designing and implementation stage, hence in canal project was discussed in detail with the main reason of problems. Which were many time changes and revises due to the lack of information, planning, and management. In addition, two projects based on BIM utilization in Japan were also discussed. The Shinsuizenji Station and Oita River dam projects. Those are implemented and implementing consequently according to the BIM requirements. The investigation focused on BIM usage, project implementation process. Eventually, the projects were the comparison with CRIDA and BIM utilization in Japan. The comparison will focus on the using of the model and the way of solving the problems based upon on the BIM. In conclusion, that BIM had the capacity to prevent many times design changes and revises. On behalf of achieving those objectives are required to focus on data management and sharing, BIM training and using new technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20information%20management" title="construction information management">construction information management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implementation%20and%20adaptation%20of%20BIM" title=" implementation and adaptation of BIM"> implementation and adaptation of BIM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20management" title=" project management"> project management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20countries" title=" developing countries"> developing countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95638/building-information-management-advantages-adaptation-and-challenges-of-implementation-in-kabul-metropolitan-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Implementation of Integrated Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves and Waveform Inversion Techniques for Seismic Hazard Estimation with Emphasis on Associated Uncertainty: A Case Study at Zafarana Wind Turbine Towers Farm, Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20El-Aziz%20Khairy%20Abd%20El-Aal">Abd El-Aziz Khairy Abd El-Aal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Yagi"> Yuji Yagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Kamal"> Heba Kamal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, an integrated multi-channel analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) technique is applied to explore the geotechnical parameters of subsurface layers at the Zafarana wind farm. Moreover, a seismic hazard procedure based on the extended deterministic technique is used to estimate the seismic hazard load for the investigated area. The study area includes many active fault systems along the Gulf of Suez that cause many moderate and large earthquakes. Overall, the seismic activity of the area has recently become better understood following the use of new waveform inversion methods and software to develop accurate focal mechanism solutions for recent recorded earthquakes around the studied area. These earthquakes resulted in major stress-drops in the Eastern desert and the Gulf of Suez area. These findings have helped to reshape the understanding of the seismotectonic environment of the Gulf of Suez area, which is a perplexing tectonic domain. Based on the collected new information and data, this study uses an extended deterministic approach to re-examine the seismic hazard for the Gulf of Suez region, particularly the wind turbine towers at Zafarana Wind Farm and its vicinity. Alternate seismic source and magnitude-frequency relationships were combined with various indigenous attenuation relationships, adapted within a logic tree formulation, to quantify and project the regional exposure on a set of hazard maps. We select two desired exceedance probabilities (10 and 20%) that any of the applied scenarios may exceed the largest median ground acceleration. The ground motion was calculated at 50th, 84th percentile levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MASW" title="MASW">MASW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20hazard" title=" seismic hazard"> seismic hazard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine%20towers" title=" wind turbine towers"> wind turbine towers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafarana%20wind%20farm" title=" Zafarana wind farm"> Zafarana wind farm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42275/implementation-of-integrated-multi-channel-analysis-of-surface-waves-and-waveform-inversion-techniques-for-seismic-hazard-estimation-with-emphasis-on-associated-uncertainty-a-case-study-at-zafarana-wind-turbine-towers-farm-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Estimation of Dynamic Characteristics of a Middle Rise Steel Reinforced Concrete Building Using Long-Term </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fumiya%20Sugino">Fumiya Sugino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naohiro%20Nakamura"> Naohiro Nakamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Miyazu"> Yuji Miyazu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In earthquake resistant design of buildings, evaluation of vibration characteristics is important. In recent years, due to the increment of super high-rise buildings, the evaluation of response is important for not only the first mode but also higher modes. The knowledge of vibration characteristics in buildings is mostly limited to the first mode and the knowledge of higher modes is still insufficient. In this paper, using earthquake observation records of a SRC building by applying frequency filter to ARX model, characteristics of first and second modes were studied. First, we studied the change of the eigen frequency and the damping ratio during the 3.11 earthquake. The eigen frequency gradually decreases from the time of earthquake occurrence, and it is almost stable after about 150 seconds have passed. At this time, the decreasing rates of the 1st and 2nd eigen frequencies are both about 0.7. Although the damping ratio has more large error than the eigen frequency, both the 1st and 2nd damping ratio are 3 to 5%. Also, there is a strong correlation between the 1st and 2nd eigen frequency, and the regression line is y=3.17x. In the damping ratio, the regression line is y=0.90x. Therefore 1st and 2nd damping ratios are approximately the same degree. Next, we study the eigen frequency and damping ratio from 1998 after 3.11 earthquakes, the final year is 2014. In all the considered earthquakes, they are connected in order of occurrence respectively. The eigen frequency slowly declined from immediately after completion, and tend to stabilize after several years. Although it has declined greatly after the 3.11 earthquake. Both the decresing rate of the 1st and 2nd eigen frequencies until about 7 years later are about 0.8. For the damping ratio, both the 1st and 2nd are about 1 to 6%. After the 3.11 earthquake, the 1st increases by about 1% and the 2nd increases by less than 1%. For the eigen frequency, there is a strong correlation between the 1st and 2nd, and the regression line is y=3.17x. For the damping ratio, the regression line is y=1.01x. Therefore, it can be said that the 1st and 2nd damping ratio is approximately the same degree. Based on the above results, changes in eigen frequency and damping ratio are summarized as follows. In the long-term study of the eigen frequency, both the 1st and 2nd gradually declined from immediately after completion, and tended to stabilize after a few years. Further it declined after the 3.11 earthquake. In addition, there is a strong correlation between the 1st and 2nd, and the declining time and the decreasing rate are the same degree. In the long-term study of the damping ratio, both the 1st and 2nd are about 1 to 6%. After the 3.11 earthquake, the 1st increases by about 1%, the 2nd increases by less than 1%. Also, the 1st and 2nd are approximately the same degree. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eigenfrequency" title="eigenfrequency">eigenfrequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damping%20ratio" title=" damping ratio"> damping ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARX%20model" title=" ARX model"> ARX model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20observation%20records" title=" earthquake observation records"> earthquake observation records</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84888/estimation-of-dynamic-characteristics-of-a-middle-rise-steel-reinforced-concrete-building-using-long-term" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Shaped Crystal Growth of Fe-Ga and Fe-Al Alloy Plates by the Micro Pulling down Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kei%20%20Kamada">Kei Kamada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rikito%20Murakami"> Rikito Murakami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masahiko%20Ito"> Masahiko Ito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mototaka%20Arakawa"> Mototaka Arakawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasuhiro%20Shoji"> Yasuhiro Shoji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiyuki%20Ueno"> Toshiyuki Ueno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masao%20Yoshino"> Masao Yoshino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akihiro%20Yamaji"> Akihiro Yamaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shunsuke%20Kurosawa"> Shunsuke Kurosawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuui%20Yokota"> Yuui Yokota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Ohashi"> Yuji Ohashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akira%20Yoshikawa"> Akira Yoshikawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Techniques of energy harvesting y have been widely developed in recent years, due to high demand on the power supply for ‘Internet of things’ devices such as wireless sensor nodes. In these applications, conversion technique of mechanical vibration energy into electrical energy using magnetostrictive materials n have been brought to attention. Among the magnetostrictive materials, Fe-Ga and Fe-Al alloys are attractive materials due to the figure of merits such price, mechanical strength, high magnetostrictive constant. Up to now, bulk crystals of these alloys are produced by the Bridgman–Stockbarger method or the Czochralski method. Using these method big bulk crystal up to 2~3 inch diameter can be grown. However, non-uniformity of chemical composition along to the crystal growth direction cannot be avoid, which results in non-uniformity of magnetostriction constant and reduction of the production yield. The micro-pulling down (μ-PD) method has been developed as a shaped crystal growth technique. Our group have reported shaped crystal growth of oxide, fluoride single crystals with different shape such rod, plate tube, thin fiber, etc. Advantages of this method is low segregation due to high growth rate and small diffusion of melt at the solid-liquid interface, and small kerf loss due to near net shape crystal. In this presentation, we report the shaped long plate crystal growth of Fe-Ga and Fe-Al alloys using the μ-PD method. Alloy crystals were grown by the μ-PD method using calcium oxide crucible and induction heating system under the nitrogen atmosphere. The bottom hole of crucibles was 5 x 1mm² size. A <100> oriented iron-based alloy was used as a seed crystal. 5 x 1 x 320 mm³ alloy crystal plates were successfully grown. The results of crystal growth, chemical composition analysis, magnetostrictive properties and a prototype vibration energy harvester are reported. Furthermore, continuous crystal growth using powder supply system will be reported to minimize the chemical composition non-uniformity along the growth direction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystal%20growth" title="crystal growth">crystal growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-pulling-down%20method" title=" micro-pulling-down method"> micro-pulling-down method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe-Ga" title=" Fe-Ga"> Fe-Ga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe-Al" title=" Fe-Al"> Fe-Al</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90975/shaped-crystal-growth-of-fe-ga-and-fe-al-alloy-plates-by-the-micro-pulling-down-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Relationship between Pushing Behavior and Subcortical White Matter Lesion in the Acute Phase after Stroke</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Fujino">Yuji Fujino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazu%20Amimoto"> Kazu Amimoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuhiro%20Fukata"> Kazuhiro Fukata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masahide%20Inoue"> Masahide Inoue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hidetoshi%20Takahashi"> Hidetoshi Takahashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeru%20Makita"> Shigeru Makita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: Pusher behavior (PB) is a disorder in which stroke patients shift their body weight toward the affected side of the body (the hemiparetic side) and push away from the non-hemiparetic side. These patients often use further pushing to resist any attempts to correct their position to upright. It is known that the subcortical white matter lesion (SWML) usually correlates of gait or balance function in stroke patients. However, it is unclear whether the SWML influences PB. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the damage of SWML affects the severity of PB on acute stroke patients. Methods: Fourteen PB patients without thalamic or cortical lesions (mean age 73.4 years, 17.5 days from onset) participated in this study. Evaluation of PB was performed according to the Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP) for sitting and/or standing. We used modified criteria wherein the SCP subscale scores in each section of the scale were >0. As a clinical measurement, patients were evaluated by the Stroke Impairment Assessment Set (SIAS). For the depiction of SWML, we used T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery imaging. The degree of damage on SWML was assessed using the Fazekas scale. Patients were divided into two groups in the presence of SWML (SWML+ group; Fazekas scale grade 1-3, SWML- group; Fazekas scale grade 0). The independent t-test was used to compare the SCP and SIAS. This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee. Results: In SWML+ group, the SCP was 3.7±1.0 points (mean±SD), the SIAS was 28.0 points (median). In SWML- group, the SCP was 2.0±0.2 points, and the SIAS was 31.5 points. The SCP was significantly higher in SWML+ group than in SWML- group (p<0.05). The SIAS was not significant in both groups (p>0.05). Discussion: It has been considered that the posterior thalamus is the neural structures that process the afferent sensory signals mediating graviceptive information about upright body orientation in humans. Therefore, many studies reported that PB was typically associated with unilateral lesions of the posterior thalamus. However, the result indicates that these extra-thalamic brain areas also contribute to the network controlling upright body posture. Therefore, SMWL might induce dysfunction through malperfusion in distant thalamic or other structurally intact neural structures. This study had a small sample size. Therefore, future studies should be performed with a large number of PB patients. Conclusion: The present study suggests that SWML can be definitely associated with PB. The patients with SWML may be severely incapacitating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pushing%20behavior" title="pushing behavior">pushing behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subcortical%20white%20matter%20lesion" title=" subcortical white matter lesion"> subcortical white matter lesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20phase" title=" acute phase"> acute phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stroke" title=" stroke"> stroke</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50370/relationship-between-pushing-behavior-and-subcortical-white-matter-lesion-in-the-acute-phase-after-stroke" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Extraction and Electrochemical Behaviors of Au(III) using Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyohei%20Yoshino">Kyohei Yoshino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masahiko%20Matsumiya"> Masahiko Matsumiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Sasaki"> Yuji Sasaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, studies have been conducted on Au(III) extraction using ionic liquids (ILs) as extractants or diluents. ILs such as piperidinium, pyrrolidinium, and pyridinium have been studied as extractants for noble metal extractions. Furthermore, the polarity, hydrophobicity, and solvent miscibility of these ILs can be adjusted depending on their intended use. Therefore, the unique properties of ILs make them functional extraction media. The extraction mechanism of Au(III) using phosphonium-based ILs and relevant thermodynamic studies are yet to be reported. In the present work, we focused on the mechanism of Au(III) extraction and related thermodynamic analyses using phosphonium-based ILs. Triethyl-n-pentyl, triethyl-n-octyl, and triethyl-n-dodecyl phosphonium bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)amide, [P₂₂₂ₓ][NTf₂], (X = 5, 8, and 12) were investigated for Au(III) extraction. The IL–Au complex was identified as [P₂₂₂₅][AuCl₄] using UV–Vis–NIR and Raman spectroscopic analyses. The extraction behavior of Au(III) was investigated with a change in the [P₂₂₂ₓ][NTf₂]IL concentration from 1.0 × 10–4 to 1.0 × 10–1 mol dm−3. The results indicate that Au(III) can be easily extracted by the anion-exchange reaction in the [P₂₂₂ₓ][NTf₂]IL. The slope range 0.96–1.01 on the plot of log D vs log[P₂₂₂ₓ][NTf2]IL indicates the association of one mole of IL with one mole of [AuCl4−] during extraction. Consequently, [P₂₂₂ₓ][NTf₂] is an anion-exchange extractant for the extraction of Au(III) in the form of anions from chloride media. Thus, this type of phosphonium-based IL proceeds via an anion exchange reaction with Au(III). In order to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters on the Au(III) extraction, the equilibrium constant (logKₑₓ’) was determined from the temperature dependence. The plot of the natural logarithm of Kₑₓ’ vs the inverse of the absolute temperature (T–1) yields a slope proportional to the enthalpy (ΔH). By plotting T–1 vs lnKₑₓ’, a line with a slope range 1.129–1.421 was obtained. Thus, the result indicated that the extraction reaction of Au(III) using the [P₂₂₂ₓ][NTf₂]IL (X=5, 8, and 12) was exothermic (ΔH=-9.39〜-11.81 kJ mol-1). The negative value of TΔS (-4.20〜-5.27 kJ mol-1) indicates that microscopic randomness is preferred in the [P₂₂₂₅][NTf₂]IL extraction system over [P₂₂₂₁₂][NTf₂]IL. The total negative alternation in Gibbs energy (-5.19〜-6.55 kJ mol-1) for the extraction reaction would thus be relatively influenced by the TΔS value on the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl side length, even if the efficiency of ΔH is significantly influenced by the total negative alternations in Gibbs energy. Electrochemical analysis revealed that extracted Au(III) can be reduced in two steps: (i) Au(III)/Au(I) and (ii) Au(I)/Au(0). The diffusion coefficients of the extracted Au(III) species in [P₂₂₂ₓ][NTf₂] (X = 5, 8, and 12) were evaluated from 323 to 373 K using semi-integral and semi-differential analyses. Because of the viscosity of the IL medium, the diffusion coefficient of the extracted Au(III) increases with increasing alkyl chain length. The 4f7/2 spectrum based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the Au electrodeposits obtained after 10 cycles of continuous extraction and electrodeposition were in the metallic state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=au%28III%29" title="au(III)">au(III)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrodeposition" title=" electrodeposition"> electrodeposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphonium-based%20ionic%20liquids" title=" phosphonium-based ionic liquids"> phosphonium-based ionic liquids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20extraction" title=" solvent extraction"> solvent extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165216/extraction-and-electrochemical-behaviors-of-auiii-using-phosphonium-based-ionic-liquids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> How to “Eat” without Actually Eating: Marking Metaphor with Spanish Se and Italian Si</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cinzia%20Russi">Cinzia Russi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiyo%20Nishida"> Chiyo Nishida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using data from online corpora (Spanish CREA, Italian CORIS), this paper examines the relatively understudied use of Spanish se and Italian si exemplified in (1) and (2), respectively. (1) El rojo es … el que se come a los demás. ‘The red (bottle) is the one that outshines/*eats the rest.’(2) … ebbe anche la saggezza di mangiarsi tutto il suo patrimonio. ‘… he even had the wisdom to squander/*eat all his estate.’ In these sentences, se/si accompanies the consumption verb comer/mangiare ‘to eat’, without which the sentences would not be interpreted appropriately. This se/si cannot readily be attributed to any of the multiple functions so far identified in the literature: reflexive, ergative, middle/passive, inherent, benefactive, and complete consumptive. In particular, this paper argues against the feasibility of a recent construction-based analysis of sentences like (1) and (2), which situates se/si within a prototype-based network of meanings all deriving from the central meaning of 'COMPLETE CONSUMPTION' (e.g., Alice se comió toda la torta/Alicesi è mangiata tutta la torta ‘John ate the whole cake’). Clearly, the empirical adequacy of such an account is undermined by the fact that the events depicted in the se/si-sentences at issue do not always entail complete consumption because they may lack an INCREMENTAL THEME, the distinguishing property of complete consumption. Alternatively, it is proposed that the sentences under analysis represent instances of verbal METAPHORICAL EXTENSION: se/si represents an explicit marker of this cognitive process, which has independently developed from the complete consumptive se/si, and the meaning extension is captured by the general tenets of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). Two conceptual domains, Source (DS) and target (DT), are related by similarity, assigning an appropriate metaphorical interpretation to DT. The domains paired here are comer/mangiare (DS) and comerse/mangiarsi (DT). The eating event (DS) involves (a) the physical process of xEATER grinding yFOOD-STUFF into pieces and swallowing it; and (b) the aspect of xEATER savoring yFOOD-STUFF and being nurtured by it. In the physical act of eating, xEATER has dominance and exercises his force over yFOOD-STUFF. This general sense of dominance and force is mapped onto DT and is manifested in the ways exemplified in (1) and (2), and many others. According to CMT, two other properties are observed in each pair of DS & DT. First, DS tends to be more physical and concrete and DT more abstract, and systematic mappings are established between constituent elements in DS and those in DT: xEATER corresponds to the element that destroys and yFOOD-STUFF to the element that is destroyed in DT, as exemplified in (1) and (2). Though the metaphorical extension marker se/si appears by far most frequently with comer/mangiare in the corpora, similar systematic mappings are observed in several other verb pairs, for example, jugar/giocare ‘to play (games)’ and jugarse/giocarsi ‘to jeopardize/risk (life, reputation, etc.)’, perder/perdere ‘to lose (an object)’ and perderse/perdersi ‘to miss out on (an event)’, etc. Thus, this study provides evidence that languages may indeed formally mark metaphor using means available to them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complete%20consumption%20value" title="complete consumption value">complete consumption value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphor" title=" conceptual metaphor"> conceptual metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Italian%20si%2FSpanish%20se" title=" Italian si/Spanish se"> Italian si/Spanish se</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphorical%20extension." title=" metaphorical extension."> metaphorical extension.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183480/how-to-eat-without-actually-eating-marking-metaphor-with-spanish-se-and-italian-si" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">53</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Estimation of the Effect of Initial Damping Model and Hysteretic Model on Dynamic Characteristics of Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinji%20Ukita">Shinji Ukita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naohiro%20Nakamura"> Naohiro Nakamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Miyazu"> Yuji Miyazu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In considering the dynamic characteristics of structure, natural frequency and damping ratio are useful indicator. When performing dynamic design, it's necessary to select an appropriate initial damping model and hysteretic model. In the linear region, the setting of initial damping model influences the response, and in the nonlinear region, the combination of initial damping model and hysteretic model influences the response. However, the dynamic characteristics of structure in the nonlinear region remain unclear. In this paper, we studied the effect of setting of initial damping model and hysteretic model on the dynamic characteristics of structure. On initial damping model setting, Initial stiffness proportional, Tangent stiffness proportional, and Rayleigh-type were used. On hysteretic model setting, TAKEDA model and Normal-trilinear model were used. As a study method, dynamic analysis was performed using a lumped mass model of base-fixed. During analysis, the maximum acceleration of input earthquake motion was gradually increased from 1 to 600 gal. The dynamic characteristics were calculated using the ARX model. Then, the characteristics of 1st and 2nd natural frequency and 1st damping ratio were evaluated. Input earthquake motion was simulated wave that the Building Center of Japan has published. On the building model, an RC building with 30×30m planes on each floor was assumed. The story height was 3m and the maximum height was 18m. Unit weight for each floor was 1.0t/m2. The building natural period was set to 0.36sec, and the initial stiffness of each floor was calculated by assuming the 1st mode to be an inverted triangle. First, we investigated the difference of the dynamic characteristics depending on the difference of initial damping model setting. With the increase in the maximum acceleration of the input earthquake motions, the 1st and 2nd natural frequency decreased, and the 1st damping ratio increased. Then, in the natural frequency, the difference due to initial damping model setting was small, but in the damping ratio, a significant difference was observed (Initial stiffness proportional≒Rayleigh type>Tangent stiffness proportional). The acceleration and the displacement of the earthquake response were largest in the tangent stiffness proportional. In the range where the acceleration response increased, the damping ratio was constant. In the range where the acceleration response was constant, the damping ratio increased. Next, we investigated the difference of the dynamic characteristics depending on the difference of hysteretic model setting. With the increase in the maximum acceleration of the input earthquake motions, the natural frequency decreased in TAKEDA model, but in Normal-trilinear model, the natural frequency didn’t change. The damping ratio in TAKEDA model was higher than that in Normal-trilinear model, although, both in TAKEDA model and Normal-trilinear model, the damping ratio increased. In conclusion, in initial damping model setting, the tangent stiffness proportional was evaluated the most. In the hysteretic model setting, TAKEDA model was more appreciated than the Normal-trilinear model in the nonlinear region. Our results would provide useful indicator on dynamic design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20damping%20model" title="initial damping model">initial damping model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damping%20ratio" title=" damping ratio"> damping ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20analysis" title=" dynamic analysis"> dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hysteretic%20model" title=" hysteretic model"> hysteretic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20frequency" title=" natural frequency"> natural frequency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84895/estimation-of-the-effect-of-initial-damping-model-and-hysteretic-model-on-dynamic-characteristics-of-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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