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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Gradul_de_rudenie_se_stabilește_astfel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gradul_de_rudenie_se_stabilește_astfel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Gradul de rudenie se stabilește astfel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gradul_de_rudenie_se_stabilește_astfel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Afini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Note-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Note subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lectură_suplimentară" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lectură_suplimentară"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lectură suplimentară</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lectură_suplimentară-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rudenie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 87 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">87 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="قرابة – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قرابة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parentescu" title="Parentescu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Parentescu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qohumluq_m%C3%BCnasib%C9%99tl%C9%99ri" title="Qohumluq münasibətləri – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qohumluq münasibətləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%81%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Туғанлыҡ төшөнсәләре – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Туғанлыҡ төшөнсәләре" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Сваяцтва – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сваяцтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Роднасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Роднасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Роднинство – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Роднинство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tud-kaer" title="Tud-kaer – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tud-kaer" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parentiu" title="Parentiu – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Parentiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C3%B3-di%C4%93-n%C3%A8%CC%A4ng" title="Chió-diē-nè̤ng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chió-diē-nè̤ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Гергарло – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гергарло" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="خزمایەتی – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خزمایەتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99%C3%ADbuzenstv%C3%AD" title="Příbuzenství – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Příbuzenství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%94%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C" title="Свєкровь – slavonă" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Свєкровь" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Тăванлăх – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тăванлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carennydd" title="Carennydd – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Carennydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C3%A6gtskab" title="Slægtskab – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Slægtskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Συγγένεια – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συγγένεια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9A%C3%A8nder" title="Śènder – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Śènder" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kinship" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenceco" title="Parenceco – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Parenceco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parentesco" title="Parentesco – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Parentesco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugulussuhted" title="Sugulussuhted – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sugulussuhted" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahaidetasun" title="Ahaidetasun – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ahaidetasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="خویشاوندی – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خویشاوندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukulaisuus" title="Sukulaisuus – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sukulaisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugulus" title="Sugulus – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Sugulus" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parent%C3%A9" title="Parenté – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parenté" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parint%C3%A2t" title="Parintât – friulană" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Parintât" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besibskip" title="Besibskip – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Besibskip" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaol" title="Gaol – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gaol" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parentesco" title="Parentesco – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Parentesco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שארות – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שארות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srodstvo" title="Srodstvo – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Srodstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rokons%C3%A1g" title="Rokonság – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rokonság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ազգակցություն – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ազգակցություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubungan_kekerabatan" title="Hubungan kekerabatan – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hubungan kekerabatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenteso" title="Parenteso – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Parenteso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86ttingi" title="Ættingi – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ættingi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parentela" title="Parentela – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parentela" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E6%97%8F" title="親族 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="親族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Туыстық – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Туыстық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A7" title="ರಕ್ತ ಸಂಬಂಧ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಕ್ತ ಸಂಬಂಧ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%9C%EC%A1%B1" title="친족 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="친족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognatio" title="Cognatio – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cognatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parentela" title="Parentela – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Parentela" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giminyst%C4%97" title="Giminystė – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Giminystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radniec%C4%ABba" title="Radniecība – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Radniecība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Роднински односи – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Роднински односи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Туанвлӓ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Туанвлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persanakan" title="Persanakan – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Persanakan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="नाता – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नाता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verwantschap" title="Verwantschap – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verwantschap" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slekt" title="Slekt – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Slekt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slekt_(jus)" title="Slekt (jus) – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slekt (jus)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugulaine" title="Sugulaine – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Sugulaine" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freindschaft" title="Freindschaft – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Freindschaft" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokrewie%C5%84stwo_(antropologia)" title="Pokrewieństwo (antropologia) – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pokrewieństwo (antropologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parentesco" title="Parentesco – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Parentesco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Родство – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Родство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83-%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Уруу-аймах – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Уруу-аймах" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenti_(famigghia)" title="Parenti (famigghia) – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Parenti (famigghia)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%BD%D9%8A" title="مائٽي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مائٽي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuolki" title="Fuolki – sami de nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Fuolki" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srodstvo" title="Srodstvo – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Srodstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA" title="ඤාතිත්වය – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඤාතිත්වය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kinship" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorodstvo" title="Sorodstvo – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sorodstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hama" title="Hama – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hama" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farefisi" title="Farefisi – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Farefisi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Сродство – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сродство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C3%A4kt" title="Släkt – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Släkt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitukuu" title="Kitukuu – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kitukuu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="உறவினர் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உறவினர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/cinsali%E2%80%99" title="cinsali’ – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="cinsali’" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81" title="బంధువు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బంధువు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%A3" title="Нисбатҳои хонаводагӣ – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нисбатҳои хонаводагӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="ความเป็นญาติ – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความเป็นญาติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akrabal%C4%B1k" title="Akrabalık – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Akrabalık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Туганлык – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Туганлык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Спорідненість – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спорідненість" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimolai%C5%BEuz" title="Heimolaižuz – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Heimolaižuz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A2n_t%E1%BB%99c" title="Thân tộc – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thân tộc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E5%B1%9E" title="亲属 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亲属" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E5%B1%AC" title="親屬 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="親屬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhin-chi%C3%A2%E2%81%BF" title="Chhin-chiâⁿ – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhin-chiâⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="親人 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="親人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q171318#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" 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[h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rudenie"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudenie&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudenie&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudenie&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Rudenie" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Rudenie" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudenie&oldid=16484027" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" 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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Rudenie"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rudenie&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudenie&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kinship" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q171318" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0.4em 0;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.6em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Scale_of_justice_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scales of justice"><img alt="Scales of justice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Scale_of_justice_2.svg/100px-Scale_of_justice_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Scale_of_justice_2.svg/150px-Scale_of_justice_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Scale_of_justice_2.svg/200px-Scale_of_justice_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="204" data-file-height="208" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;background:#ccf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; background:#aaddff;"><a href="/wiki/Dreptul_familiei" title="Dreptul familiei">Dreptul familiei</a></th></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; background:#aaddff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> Căsătoria</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Acord_prenup%C8%9Bial" class="mw-redirect" title="Acord prenupțial">Acord prenupțial</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83s%C4%83torie" title="Căsătorie">Căsătorie</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83s%C4%83torie_morganatic%C4%83" title="Căsătorie morganatică">Căsătorie morganatică</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83s%C4%83torie_%C3%AEntre_persoane_de_acela%C8%99i_sex" title="Căsătorie între persoane de același sex">Căsătorie între persoane de același sex</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Conven%C8%9Bia_matrimonial%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Convenția matrimonială">Convenția matrimonială</a></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; background:#aaddff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;;line-height:1.1em;"> Stări legale similare<br />căsătoriei</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Concubinaj" title="Concubinaj">Concubinajul</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Uniunile_civile" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniunile civile">Uniunile civile</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Parteneriatul_domestic" title="Parteneriatul domestic">Parteneriatul domestic</a></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; background:#aaddff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> Desfacerea căsătoriei</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anularea_c%C4%83s%C4%83toriei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anularea căsătoriei — pagină inexistentă">Anularea căsătoriei</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Divor%C8%9B" title="Divorț">Divorțul</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Pensia_de_%C3%AEntre%C8%9Binere_pentru_so%C8%9B" title="Pensia de întreținere pentru soț">Pensia de întreținere pentru soț</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Rela%C8%9Bie_extraconjugal%C4%83" title="Relație extraconjugală">Relație extraconjugală</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Adulter" title="Adulter">Adulter</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Pensia_de_%C3%AEntre%C8%9Binere_pentru_copil" class="mw-redirect" title="Pensia de întreținere pentru copil">Pensia de întreținere pentru copil</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Mediere" title="Mediere">Divorțul prin mediere</a> <br /> </p> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divor%C8%9Bul_administrativ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divorțul administrativ — pagină inexistentă">Divorțul administrativ</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partaj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partaj — pagină inexistentă">Partajul</a></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; background:#aaddff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> Probleme cu privire <br />la copii</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paternitate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paternitate — pagină inexistentă">Paternitate</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/T%C4%83gada_paternit%C4%83%C8%9Bii" title="Tăgada paternității">Tăgada paternității</a> <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legitimarea_minorului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legitimarea minorului — pagină inexistentă">Legitimarea minorului</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adop%C8%9Bia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adopția — pagină inexistentă">Adopția</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Interesul_superior_al_copilului" title="Interesul superior al copilului">Interesul superior al copilului</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Principiul_californian" title="Principiul californian">Principiul californian</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Pensie_alimentar%C4%83" title="Pensie alimentară">Pensie alimentară</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tutel%C4%83" title="Tutelă">Tutelă</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Curatel%C4%83" title="Curatelă">Curatelă</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Consiliu_de_familie" title="Consiliu de familie">Consiliu de familie</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Domiciliul_minorului" class="mw-redirect" title="Domiciliul minorului">Domiciliul minorului</a></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; background:#aaddff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> Custodia</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Autoritatea_p%C4%83rinteasc%C4%83" title="Autoritatea părintească">Autoritatea părintească</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Autoritate_p%C4%83rinteasc%C4%83_comun%C4%83" title="Autoritate părintească comună">Autoritate părintească comună</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Custodie" title="Custodie">Custodie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Custodia_comun%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Custodia comună">Custodia comună</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Custodie_comun%C4%83_legal%C4%83" title="Custodie comună legală">Custodie comună legală</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Custodia_unic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Custodia unică">Custodia unică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Custodia_%C3%AEmp%C4%83r%C8%9Bit%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Custodia împărțită">Custodia împărțită</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83rinte_custodian" title="Părinte custodian">Părinte custodian</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83rinte_necustodian" title="Părinte necustodian">Părinte necustodian</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Re%C8%99edin%C8%9Ba_minorului" title="Reședința minorului">Reședința minorului</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Plan_parental" title="Plan parental">Plan parental</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83rinte_rezident" title="Părinte rezident">Părinte rezident</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83rinte_nerezident" title="Părinte nerezident">Părinte nerezident</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coordonator_parental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coordonator parental — pagină inexistentă">Coordonator parental</a></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; background:#aaddff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> Drepturile copiilor <br />și părinților</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Rela%C8%9Bii_personale_cu_minorul" title="Relații personale cu minorul">Relații personale cu minorul</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Dreptul_de_supraveghere" title="Dreptul de supraveghere">Dreptul de supraveghere</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Dreptul_de_g%C4%83zduire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreptul de găzduire">Dreptul de găzduire</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Dreptul_de_vizit%C4%83" title="Dreptul de vizită">Dreptul de vizită</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Drept_de_acces" title="Drept de acces">Drept de acces</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Dreptul_de_coresponden%C8%9B%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreptul de corespondență">Dreptul de corespondență</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Accesul_p%C4%83rintelui_la_informa%C8%9Bii_privitoare_la_minor" title="Accesul părintelui la informații privitoare la minor">Accesul părintelui la informații privitoare la minor</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Dreptul_de_decizie_cu_privire_la_bun%C4%83starea_copilului" title="Dreptul de decizie cu privire la bunăstarea copilului">Dreptul de decizie asupra bunăstării</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Dreptul_bunicilor_la_leg%C4%83turi_personale" title="Dreptul bunicilor la legături personale">Dreptul bunicilor la legături personale</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Drepturile_copilului" title="Drepturile copilului">Drepturile copilului</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Drepturile_omului" title="Drepturile omului">Drepturile omului</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreptul_de_reprezentare_a_copilului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreptul de reprezentare a copilului — pagină inexistentă">Dreptul de reprezentare</a></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; background:#aaddff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> Arii cu tematică <br />apropiată</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Abuz_sexual#Abuzul_sexual_între_soți" title="Abuz sexual">Abuzul între soți</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Abuzul_asupra_copiilor" class="mw-redirect" title="Abuzul asupra copiilor">Abuzul asupra copiilor</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83pirea_copiilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Răpirea copiilor — pagină inexistentă">Răpirea copiilor</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83s%C4%83toria_minorilor" title="Căsătoria minorilor">Căsătoria minorilor</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Adulter" title="Adulter">Adulterul</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bigamie" title="Bigamie">Bigamie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <br /> <a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incestul</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Familie_monoparental%C4%83" title="Familie monoparentală">Familie monoparentală</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83pirea_interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83_de_minori" title="Răpirea internațională de minori">Răpirea internațională de minori</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Sindromul_alien%C4%83rii_p%C4%83rinte%C8%99ti" 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proximitate</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tribunal_de_minori_%C8%99i_familie" title="Tribunal de minori și familie">Tribunal de minori și familie</a></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; background:#aaddff; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legisla%C8%9Bie_%C3%AEn_domeniu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legislație în domeniu — pagină inexistentă">Legislație în domeniu</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Cod_civil" title="Cod civil">Codul Civil</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Codul_Familiei" class="mw-redirect" title="Codul Familiei">Codul Familiei</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Legea_272/2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Legea 272/2004">Legea 272/2004</a> <br /> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/Manualul_de_acordare_a_custodiei/Jurispruden%C8%9Ba_CEDO">Jurisprudența CEDO</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Regulamentul_2201_din_2003_al_CE" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulamentul 2201 din 2003 al CE">Regulamentul 2201 din 2003 al CE</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Conven%C8%9Bia_asupra_Drepturilor_Copilului" class="mw-redirect" title="Convenția asupra Drepturilor Copilului">Convenția asupra Drepturilor Copilului</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Conven%C8%9Bia_de_la_Haga_din_1980" title="Convenția de la Haga din 1980">Convenția de la Haga din 1980</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conven%C8%9Bia_de_la_Lanzarote&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convenția de la Lanzarote — pagină inexistentă">Convenția de la Lanzarote</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/CEFL" title="CEFL">Comisia Europeană privind<br />Legislația Familiei</a> <br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iurispedia.ro">iurispedia</a></td> </tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding-top:0.4em; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Dreptul_Familiei" title="Format:Dreptul Familiei"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Dreptul_Familiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Dreptul Familiei — pagină inexistentă"><abbr title="Discută acest format">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Dreptul_Familiei&action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rudenia</b> este legătură bazată pe descendența unei persoane dintr-o altă persoană sau pe faptul că mai multe persoane au un ascendent comun. În primul caz rudenia este în linie dreaptă, iar în al doilea în linie colaterală. Rudenia în linie dreaptă poate fi ascendentă sau descendentă. </p><p>În conformitate cu <a href="/wiki/Codul_civil_al_Rom%C3%A2niei" title="Codul civil al României">Noul Cod Civil</a>, adoptat prin Legea nr. 287/2009, cu completările ulterioare, în România, gradele de rudenie exprimă apropierea, mai mare sau mai mică, a legăturii de sânge dintre rude. Acestea rezultă din numărul de nașteri sau de generații care despart rudele în linie dreaptă și, respectiv, din însumarea numărului de nașteri (sau de generații) care despart pe fiecare dintre rudele colaterale de ascendentul lor comun cel mai apropiat.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gradul_de_rudenie_se_stabilește_astfel"><span id="Gradul_de_rudenie_se_stabile.C8.99te_astfel"></span>Gradul de rudenie se stabilește astfel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudenie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Gradul de rudenie se stabilește astfel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudenie&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Gradul de rudenie se stabilește astfel"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>în linie dreaptă, după numărul nașterilor; astfel, fiul și tatăl sunt rude în gradul întâi, nepotul de fiu și bunicul sunt rude în gradul al doilea;</li> <li>în linie colaterală, după numărul nașterilor, urcând de la una dintre rude până la ascendentul comun și coborând de la acesta până la cealaltă rudă; astfel, frații sunt rude în gradul al doilea, unchiul și nepotul în gradul al treilea, verii primari în gradul al patrulea.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afini">Afini</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudenie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Afini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudenie&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Afini"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La persoanele căsătorite, soții nu sunt rude și nici afini între ei, dar părinții unui soț sunt afini cu celălalt soț. Afinitatea nu se extinde dincolo de celălalt soț, deci rudele unui soț cu rudele celuilalt soț nu sunt afini și nu au nicio legătură de rudenie sau de afinitate din punct de vedere juridic.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/Pravila_ritorului_Lucaci" title="Pravila ritorului Lucaci">Pravila ritorului Lucaci</a> se precizează că: <i>Lasă să ia ginerii și cumnații doa surori, căce că iaste a cincea spiță</i> (și căsătoria nu poate fi considerată <a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">incestuoasă</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudenie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudenie&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legeaz.net/dictionar-juridic/gradele-de-rudenie">Noul cod civil (Legea nr. 287/2009), Gradele de rudenie</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180115012801/http://bnp-ciucasiasociatii.ro/page.php?id=11&s1=57">„Ce sunt afinii?”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bnp-ciucasiasociatii.ro/page.php?id=11&s1=57">original</a> la <time datetime="2018-01-15">15 ianuarie 2018</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2018-04-10">10 aprilie 2018</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ce+sunt+afinii%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbnp-ciucasiasociatii.ro%2Fpage.php%3Fid%3D11%26s1%3D57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ARudenie" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudenie&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudenie&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codul_Familiei" class="mw-redirect" title="Codul Familiei">Codul Familiei</a> 1954 - articolele 45 și 46</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lectură_suplimentară"><span id="Lectur.C4.83_suplimentar.C4.83"></span>Lectură suplimentară</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudenie&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Lectură suplimentară" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudenie&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Lectură suplimentară"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nicolae Constantinescu, <i>Etnologia și folclorul relațiilor de rudenie</i>, Editura Univers, 2000</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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