CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>软骨 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"db055611-3f63-4f37-a0c2-360487e4bda8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"软骨","wgTitle":"软骨","wgCurRevisionId":80466156,"wgRevisionId":80466156,"wgArticleId":104682,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["自2018年4月带有失效链接的条目","条目有永久失效的外部链接","自2016年11月扩充中的条目","孤立的子导航框","解剖学","日語借詞"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"软骨","wgRelevantArticleId":104682,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true, "wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":2000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q502730","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices", "ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Cartilage.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="881"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Cartilage.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="587"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="470"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="软骨 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-软骨 rootpage-软骨 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-组成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#组成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>组成</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-组成-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>分类</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-分类-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关分类子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-分类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-透明软骨" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#透明软骨"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>透明软骨</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-透明软骨-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-弹性软骨" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#弹性软骨"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>弹性软骨</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-弹性软骨-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-纤维软骨" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#纤维软骨"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>纤维软骨</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-纤维软骨-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他動物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他動物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>其他動物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他動物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">软骨</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。88种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraakbeen" title="Kraakbeen – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kraakbeen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="غضروف – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غضروف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9A%DC%A3%DC%9A%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%90" title="ܚܣܚܘܣܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܚܣܚܘܣܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="ЦӀил – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ЦӀил" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruspl" title="Gruspl – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gruspl" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Храсток – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Храсток" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Храсток – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Храсток" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%89%D1%8F%D0%BB" title="Хрущял – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хрущял" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF" title="তরুণাস্থি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তরুণাস্থি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migorn" title="Migorn – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Migorn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrskavica" title="Hrskavica – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hrskavica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teixit_cartilagin%C3%B3s" title="Teixit cartilaginós – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Teixit cartilaginós" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%95%DA%A9%DA%95%DB%95" title="کڕکڕە – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کڕکڕە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrupavka" title="Chrupavka – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chrupavka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Кăмăрчак – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кăмăрчак" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilag" title="Cartilag – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cartilag" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brusk" title="Brusk – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brusk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knorpel" title="Knorpel – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Knorpel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Χόνδρος – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χόνδρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilage" title="Cartilage – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cartilage" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartilago" title="Kartilago – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kartilago" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tejido_cartilaginoso" title="Tejido cartilaginoso – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tejido cartilaginoso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B5hrkude" title="Kõhrkude – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kõhrkude" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartilago-ehun" title="Kartilago-ehun – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kartilago-ehun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="غضروف – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غضروف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rustokudos" title="Rustokudos – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rustokudos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilage" title="Cartilage – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cartilage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreakbien" title="Kreakbien – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kreakbien" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loinge%C3%A1n" title="Loingeán – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Loingeán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecido_cartilaxinoso" title="Tecido cartilaxinoso – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tecido cartilaxinoso" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A1" title="סחוס – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סחוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF" title="उपास्थि – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उपास्थि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrskavica" title="Hrskavica – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hrskavica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katilaj" title="Katilaj – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Katilaj" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcsz%C3%B6vet" title="Porcszövet – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Porcszövet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%BC" title="Աճառ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աճառ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilagine" title="Cartilagine – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cartilagine" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang_rawan" title="Tulang rawan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tulang rawan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Чачхам – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Чачхам" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartilago" title="Kartilago – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kartilago" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brj%C3%B3sk" title="Brjósk – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Brjósk" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessuto_cartilagineo" title="Tessuto cartilagineo – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tessuto cartilagineo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AA%A8" title="軟骨 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="軟骨" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Шеміршек ұлпасы – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шеміршек ұлпасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BF" title="ಮೃದ್ವಸ್ಥಿ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೃದ್ವಸ್ಥಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EA%B3%A8" title="연골 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연골" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qirtik" title="Qirtik – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qirtik" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migorn" title="Migorn – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Migorn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilago" title="Cartilago – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cartilago" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Кьанслу – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Кьанслу" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoorsj" title="Knoorsj – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Knoorsj" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilagine" title="Cartilagine – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cartilagine" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremzlinis_audinys" title="Kremzlinis audinys – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kremzlinis audinys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrimslis" title="Skrimslis – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skrimslis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF" title="തരുണാസ്ഥി – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തരുണാസ്ഥി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE" title="कूर्चा – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कूर्चा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawan" title="Rawan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rawan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraakbeen" title="Kraakbeen – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kraakbeen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brusk" title="Brusk – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Brusk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brusk" title="Brusk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brusk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgaa" title="Morgaa – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Morgaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tkanka_chrz%C4%99stna" title="Tkanka chrzęstna – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tkanka chrzęstna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecido_cartilaginoso" title="Tecido cartilaginoso – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tecido cartilaginoso" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27apa" title="K'apa – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K'apa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilaj" title="Cartilaj – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cartilaj" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%89" title="Хрящ – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хрящ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D2%A5%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Өҥүргэс – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Өҥүргэс" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrskavica" title="Hrskavica – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hrskavica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilage" title="Cartilage – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cartilage" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrupka_(tkanivo)" title="Chrupka (tkanivo) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chrupka (tkanivo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrustan%C4%8Devina" title="Hrustančevina – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hrustančevina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Хрскавица – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хрскавица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brosk" title="Brosk – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brosk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="குருத்தெலும்பு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குருத்தெலும்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BF" title="మృదులాస్థి – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మృదులాస్థి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="กระดูกอ่อน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กระดูกอ่อน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartilago" title="Kartilago – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kartilago" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1k%C4%B1rdak_doku" title="Kıkırdak doku – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kıkırdak doku" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%DB%86%D9%85%DB%88%D8%B1%DA%86%DB%95%D9%83" title="كۆمۈرچەك – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كۆمۈرچەك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%89" title="Хрящ – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хрящ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DB%81%DA%88%DB%8C" title="کرکری ہڈی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کرکری ہڈی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tog%CA%BBay" title="Togʻay – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Togʻay" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%A5n" title="Sụn – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sụn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinroxh" title="Tinroxh – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tinroxh" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartilago" title="Kartilago – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kartilago" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" title="软骨 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="软骨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ווייכביין – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ווייכביין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AA%A8" title="軟骨 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="軟骨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q502730#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="关于此页面的讨论（页面不存在）[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&oldid=80466156" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&id=80466156&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25BD%25AF%25E9%25AA%25A8"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25BD%25AF%25E9%25AA%25A8"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cartilage" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q502730" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antistub.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/44px-Antistub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/66px-Antistub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/88px-Antistub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要擴充。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2016年11月1日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请協助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&action=edit">改善这篇條目</a>，更進一步的信息可能會在<a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talk:软骨（页面不存在）">討論頁</a>或<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%89%A9%E5%85%85%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82" title="Wikipedia:扩充请求">扩充请求</a>中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cartilage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cartilage.jpg/220px-Cartilage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Cartilage.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="174" /></a><figcaption>透明軟骨</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray904.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gray904.png/220px-Gray904.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Gray904.png 1.5x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>弹性软骨</figcaption></figure> <p><b>軟骨</b>（cartilage）是<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E6%A4%8E%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="脊椎动物">脊椎动物</a>特有的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E%E6%80%A7%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胚胎性骨骼（页面不存在）">胚胎性骨骼</a>，一種無血管組織，略带弹性的坚韧组织，在机体内起支持和保护作用。由於軟骨沒有血液供應，在基質中含有大量的第二型膠原和葡萄糖胺聚合醣（GAG）來幫助物質擴散。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E5%84%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="胎儿">胎儿</a>和年幼期，软骨组织分布较广，后来逐渐被<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="骨">骨</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)" title="组织 (生物学)">组织</a>代替。软骨可分为<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" title="透明软骨">透明软骨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B9%E6%80%A7%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" title="弹性软骨">弹性软骨</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" title="纤维软骨">纤维软骨</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。成年人软骨存在于骨的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%82%E9%9D%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="关节面">关节面</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8B%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="肋软骨">肋软骨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E7%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="气管">气管</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B3%E5%BB%93" title="耳廓">耳廓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8E%E9%97%B4%E7%9B%98" title="椎间盘">椎间盘</a>等处。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="组成"><span id=".E7.BB.84.E6.88.90"></span>组成</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：组成"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>軟骨是由<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="软骨细胞">软骨细胞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4" title="纤维">纤维</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%B4%A8" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="基质">基质</a>构成，其中基質佔了體積的95%，而水分又佔了基質的70%。基质的有机成分主要是多种蛋白，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8%E7%B2%98%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="软骨粘蛋白（页面不存在）">软骨粘蛋白</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="膠原">胶原</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8%E7%A1%AC%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="软骨硬蛋白（页面不存在）">软骨硬蛋白</a>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分类"><span id=".E5.88.86.E7.B1.BB"></span>分类</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：分类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="透明软骨"><span id=".E9.80.8F.E6.98.8E.E8.BD.AF.E9.AA.A8"></span>透明软骨</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：透明软骨"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>透明軟骨主要分布於關節軟骨、肋軟骨等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="弹性软骨"><span id=".E5.BC.B9.E6.80.A7.E8.BD.AF.E9.AA.A8"></span>弹性软骨</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：弹性软骨"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>弹性软骨分布于耳廓及会厌等处。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="纤维软骨"><span id=".E7.BA.A4.E7.BB.B4.E8.BD.AF.E9.AA.A8"></span>纤维软骨</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：纤维软骨"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>纤维软骨分布于椎间盘、关节盘及耻骨联合等处。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他動物"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E5.8B.95.E7.89.A9"></span>其他動物</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：其他動物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AA%A8%E9%AD%9A%E7%B6%B1" title="軟骨魚綱">軟骨魚綱</a>中的物種全都是由軟骨構成，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%AF%8A%E9%AD%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="鯊魚">鯊魚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="鳐">鰩</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AF%E9%B3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="锯鳐">鋸鰩</a>等。</li> <li>無青脊椎的軟骨動物，包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%B9%84%E8%9F%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="馬蹄蟹">馬蹄蟹</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E8%B6%B3%E7%B6%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="頭足綱">頭足綱</a>的物種等。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Pratt, Rebecca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://app.anatomyone.com/systemic/skeletal-system/supporting-tissue-cartilage#">Supporting Tissue: Cartilage</a>. AnatomyOne. Amirsys, Inc. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2012]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&rft.atitle=Supporting+Tissue%3A+Cartilage&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AnatomyOne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapp.anatomyone.com%2Fsystemic%2Fskeletal-system%2Fsupporting-tissue-cartilage%23&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年4月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="人体系统与器官" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%8E%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="Template:人体系统与器官"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%8E%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="Template talk:人体系统与器官"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%8E%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:人体系统与器官"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="人体系统与器官" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93" title="人体">人体</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="生物系統">系统</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="器官">器官</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="肌肉骨骼系统">骨骼肌肉</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%AB%94%E9%AA%A8%E6%9E%B6" title="人體骨架">骨架</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="骨骼">骨骼</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">软骨</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">軀幹</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B4%E9%AA%A8" title="头骨">顱骨</a> <ul><li>颅骨</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E9%A0%B7%E9%AA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="下頷骨">下頷骨</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%AC%E5%B0%8F%E9%AA%A8" title="听小骨">听小骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E6%9F%B1" title="脊柱">脊椎</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B0%E6%A4%8E" title="寰椎">寰椎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%88%E6%A4%8E" title="颈椎">頸椎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B8%E6%A4%8E" title="胸椎">胸椎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B0%E6%A4%8E" title="腰椎">腰椎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%B6%E9%AA%A8" title="骶骨">骶骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BE%E9%AA%A8" title="尾骨">尾骨</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8B%E9%AA%A8" title="肋骨">肋骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B8%E9%AA%A8" title="胸骨">胸骨</a> <ul><li>胸骨柄</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">上肢</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%81%E9%AA%A8" title="锁骨">锁骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A9%E8%83%9B%E9%AA%A8" title="肩胛骨">肩胛骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%B1%E9%AA%A8" title="肱骨">肱骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BA%E9%AA%A8" title="尺骨">尺骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%A1%E9%AA%A8" title="桡骨">桡骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%95%E9%AA%A8" title="腕骨">腕骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%8C%E9%AA%A8" title="掌骨">掌骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E9%AA%A8" title="指骨">指骨</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">下肢</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E7%9B%86" title="骨盆">骨盆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A1%E9%AA%A8" title="股骨">股骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%8C%E9%AA%A8" title="髌骨">髌骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%AB%E9%AA%A8" title="胫骨">胫骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E9%AA%A8" title="腓骨">腓骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%97%E9%AA%A8" title="跗骨">跗骨</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="跟骨" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Calcaneus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%9F%E9%AA%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跟骨（页面不存在）">跟骨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcaneus" class="extiw" title="en:Calcaneus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Calcaneus</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B9%A0%E9%AA%A8" title="蹠骨">蹠骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%BE%E9%AA%A8" title="趾骨">趾骨</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%82" title="关节">关节</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="纖維關節" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fibrous joint"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD%E9%97%9C%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纖維關節（页面不存在）">纖維關節</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous_joint" class="extiw" title="en:Fibrous joint"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fibrous joint</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軟骨關節" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cartilaginous joint"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%9F%E9%AA%A8%E9%97%9C%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軟骨關節（页面不存在）">軟骨關節</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilaginous_joint" class="extiw" title="en:Cartilaginous joint"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cartilaginous joint</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E6%B6%B2%E9%97%9C%E7%AF%80" title="滑液關節">滑液關節</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="肌肉系统">肌肉</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89" title="肌肉">肌肉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B1" title="腱">腱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%AB%E8%86%88%E8%86%9C" title="橫膈膜">橫膈膜</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="循环系统">循环系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="循环系统">血液</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>周邊 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E8%84%89" title="动脉">动脉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1" title="微血管">微血管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E8%84%89" title="静脉">静脉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%AE%A1" title="淋巴管">淋巴管</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%87%9F" title="心臟">心臟</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="淋巴系統">淋巴</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>初級 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AB%93" title="骨髓">骨髓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B8%E8%85%BA" title="胸腺">胸腺</a></li></ul></li> <li>次級 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%BE%E8%84%8F" title="脾脏">脾脏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%B5%90" title="淋巴結">淋巴結</a></li></ul></li> <li>中樞神經 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="膠狀淋巴系統">膠淋巴系統</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="神经系统">神经系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%A8%9E%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="中樞神經系統">中樞</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%84%91" title="前脑">前脑</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%84%91" title="大脑">大脑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B4%E8%84%91" title="间脑">间脑</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%85%A6" title="中腦">中腦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E8%84%91" title="后脑">后脑</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E8%85%A6" title="橋腦">橋腦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E9%AB%93" title="延髓">延髓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%84%91" title="小脑">小脑</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="边缘系统">边缘系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E9%AB%93" title="脊髓">脊髓</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%9B%B4%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="周围神经系统">周圍</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E8%A7%89%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="感觉系统">感觉系统</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%9C%BC" title="人眼">眼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B3" title="耳">耳部</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BA%AF%E4%BD%93%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="躯体神经系统">SNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E4%B8%BB%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="自主神经系统">ANS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%9A%AE%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="外皮系統">表皮系統</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%86%9A" title="皮膚">人類皮膚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E4%B8%8B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="皮下組織">皮下組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E6%88%BF" title="乳房">乳房</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E8%85%BA" title="乳腺">乳腺</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="免疫系统">免疫系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AB%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="骨髓組織">骨髓組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="淋巴细胞">淋巴细胞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="免疫系统">免疫系统</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="呼吸系統">呼吸系統</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93" title="呼吸道">上呼吸道</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB" title="鼻">鼻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD" title="咽">咽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%89" title="喉">喉</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93" title="呼吸道">下呼吸道</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1" title="氣管">氣管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1" title="支氣管">支氣管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA" title="肺">肺</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="消化系统">消化系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">上消化道</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%85%94" title="口腔">嘴巴</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%BE%E8%85%BA" title="唾腺">唾腺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8C" title="舌">舌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87" title="唇">唇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E9%BD%92" title="牙齒">齒</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD" title="咽">口咽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD" title="咽">喉咽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93" title="食道">食道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83" title="胃">胃</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">下消化道</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%82%A0" title="小肠">小肠</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%8C%87%E8%82%A0" title="十二指肠">十二指肠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E8%85%B8" title="空腸">空腸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%82%A0" title="回肠">回肠</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%91%E5%B0%BE" title="阑尾">阑尾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%82%A0" title="大肠">大肠</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E8%82%A0" title="盲肠">盲肠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0" title="结肠">结肠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%82%A0" title="直肠">直肠</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9B%E9%97%A8" title="肛门">肛门</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">附屬腺體</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F" title="肝臟">肝臟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BD%E7%AE%A1" title="膽管">膽道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B0%E8%84%8F" title="胰脏">胰脏</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%8C%E5%B0%BF%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="泌尿系統">泌尿系統</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%8C%E5%B0%BF%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="泌尿生殖系统">泌尿生殖系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%8E" title="腎">腎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%93%E5%B0%BF%E7%AE%A1" title="输尿管">输尿管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%80%E8%83%B1" title="膀胱">膀胱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E9%81%93" title="尿道">尿道</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="生殖系统">生殖系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="女性生殖系統">女性</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%AE%AB%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6" title="子宫附件">子宫附件</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B5%E5%B7%A2" title="卵巢">卵巢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%B8%E5%8D%B5%E7%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="輸卵管">輸卵管</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%AE%AB" title="子宫">子宫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%81%93" title="阴道">阴道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E9%99%B0" title="女陰">女陰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E7%9B%A4" title="胎盤">胎盤</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="男性生殖系統">男性</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E9%81%93" title="精道">精道</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%BE%E4%B8%B8" title="睾丸">睾丸</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E5%9B%8A" title="阴囊">阴囊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E9%99%B0%E8%8E%96" title="人類陰莖">陰莖</a></li> <li>附腺 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%88%97%E8%85%BA" title="前列腺">前列腺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E5%9B%8A" title="精囊">精囊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E9%81%93%E7%90%83%E8%85%BA" title="尿道球腺">尿道球腺</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="內分泌系統">內分泌系統</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%A6%96%E4%B8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="下視丘">下視丘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E4%B8%8B%E5%9E%82%E9%AB%94" title="腦下垂體">腦下垂體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E6%9E%9C%E9%AB%94" title="松果體">松果體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%8A%B6%E8%85%BA" title="甲状腺">甲状腺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%94%B2%E7%8B%80%E8%85%BA" title="副甲狀腺">副甲狀腺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%8E%E4%B8%8A%E8%85%BA" title="腎上腺">腎上腺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="胰岛">胰岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div>大體<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93" title="人体">解剖</a>：<a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%8E%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="Template:人体系统与器官">系統及器官</a>、<a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:人体解剖学">區域解剖</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Anatomical planes and lines" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Anatomical planes and lines"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Anatomical_planes_and_lines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Anatomical planes and lines（页面不存在）">解剖平面及基準線</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Anatomical_planes_and_lines" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Anatomical planes and lines"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Anatomical planes and lines</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Superficial axial anatomy" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Superficial axial anatomy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Superficial_axial_anatomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Superficial axial anatomy（页面不存在）">中軸表面解剖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Superficial_axial_anatomy" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Superficial axial anatomy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Superficial axial anatomy</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Superficial anatomy of limbs" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Superficial anatomy of limbs"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Superficial_anatomy_of_limbs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Superficial anatomy of limbs（页面不存在）">附肢表面解剖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Superficial_anatomy_of_limbs" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Superficial anatomy of limbs"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Superficial anatomy of limbs</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="肌骨系统、结缔组织：骨及软骨" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bone_and_cartilage" title="Template:Bone and cartilage"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bone_and_cartilage" title="Template talk:Bone and cartilage"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Bone_and_cartilage" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Bone and cartilage"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="肌骨系统、结缔组织：骨及软骨" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="肌肉骨骼系統">肌骨系统</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E7%BC%94%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="结缔组织">结缔组织</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="骨骼">骨</a>及<a class="mw-selflink selflink">软骨</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E#A02：骨骼（ossa）" class="mw-redirect" title="解剖學術語">TA A02.0</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E" title="組織學術語">TH H3.01</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E6%B0%8F%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8" title="格雷氏解剖學">GA 2.86–95</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">软骨</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8%E8%86%9C" title="软骨膜">软骨膜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8%E6%80%A7%E9%AA%A8%E7%97%82" title="纤维软骨性骨痂">纤维软骨性骨痂</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="幹骺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="metaphysis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E9%AA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="幹骺（页面不存在）">幹骺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/metaphysis" class="extiw" title="en:metaphysis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">metaphysis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>细胞 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軟骨母細胞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="chondroblast"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%9F%E9%AA%A8%E6%AF%8D%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軟骨母細胞（页面不存在）">軟骨母細胞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/chondroblast" class="extiw" title="en:chondroblast"><span lang="en" dir="auto">chondroblast</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="软骨细胞">软骨细胞</a></li></ul></li> <li>分類 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" title="透明软骨">透明软骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B9%E6%80%A7%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" title="弹性软骨">弹性软骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8" title="纤维软骨">纤维软骨</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="骨骼">骨骼</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E9%AA%A8%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="成骨作用">骨化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="膜内骨化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Intramembranous ossification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%86%9C%E5%86%85%E9%AA%A8%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="膜内骨化（页面不存在）">膜内骨化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramembranous_ossification" class="extiw" title="en:Intramembranous ossification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Intramembranous ossification</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="软骨骨化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Endochondral ossification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%A8%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="软骨骨化（页面不存在）">软骨骨化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endochondral_ossification" class="extiw" title="en:Endochondral ossification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Endochondral ossification</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">转化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E9%AA%A8%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="成骨细胞">成骨细胞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%BB%E9%AA%A8%E8%B4%A8" title="类骨质">类骨质</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="骨细胞">骨细胞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E9%AA%A8%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="破骨細胞">破骨细胞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">类型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%86%E8%B3%AA%E9%AA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="鬆質骨">鬆質骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%B3%AA%E9%AA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="密質骨">密質骨</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">分部</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8%E4%B8%8B%E9%AA%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="软骨下骨（页面不存在）">软骨下骨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BA" title="骨骺">骨骺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%BA%E6%9D%BF" title="骺板">骺板</a>／<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="骨骺線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="epiphyseal line"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BA%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="骨骺線（页面不存在）">骨骺線</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/epiphyseal_line" class="extiw" title="en:epiphyseal line"><span lang="en" dir="auto">epiphyseal line</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="幹骺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="metaphysis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B9%E9%AA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="幹骺（页面不存在）">幹骺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/metaphysis" class="extiw" title="en:metaphysis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">metaphysis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="骨幹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="diaphysis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AA%A8%E5%B9%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="骨幹（页面不存在）">骨幹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/diaphysis" class="extiw" title="en:diaphysis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">diaphysis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%81" title="髁">髁</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="上髁" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Epicondyle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E9%AB%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上髁（页面不存在）">上髁</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicondyle" class="extiw" title="en:Epicondyle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Epicondyle</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">结构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D" title="骨單位">骨单位／哈佛氏系统</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈氏管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Haversian canal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%B0%8F%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈氏管（页面不存在）">哈氏管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haversian_canal" class="extiw" title="en:Haversian canal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Haversian canal</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛氏長骨管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Volkmann's canals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%B0%8F%E9%95%B7%E9%AA%A8%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛氏長骨管（页面不存在）">佛氏長骨管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkmann%27s_canals" class="extiw" title="en:Volkmann's canals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Volkmann's canals</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>结缔组织 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="骨内膜" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="endosteum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AA%A8%E5%86%85%E8%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="骨内膜（页面不存在）">骨内膜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/endosteum" class="extiw" title="en:endosteum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">endosteum</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E8%86%9C" title="骨膜">骨膜</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="骨纤维" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sharpey's fibres"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AA%A8%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="骨纤维（页面不存在）">骨纤维</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpey%27s_fibres" class="extiw" title="en:Sharpey's fibres"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sharpey's fibres</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%80%E9%AA%A8%E7%82%B9" title="着骨点">着骨点</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="腔隙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lacuna (histology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%94%E9%9A%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="腔隙（页面不存在）">腔隙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacuna_(histology)" class="extiw" title="en:Lacuna (histology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lacuna (histology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="骨小管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bone canaliculus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AA%A8%E5%B0%8F%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="骨小管（页面不存在）">骨小管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_canaliculus" class="extiw" title="en:Bone canaliculus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bone canaliculus</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="骨小梁" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Trabecula"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AA%A8%E5%B0%8F%E6%A2%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="骨小梁（页面不存在）">骨小梁</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabecula" class="extiw" title="en:Trabecula"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Trabecula</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="髓腔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="medullary cavity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%93%E8%85%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="髓腔（页面不存在）">髓腔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/medullary_cavity" class="extiw" title="en:medullary cavity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">medullary cavity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AB%93" title="骨髓">骨髓</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">形状</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E9%AA%A8" title="長骨">长骨</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="短骨" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Short bone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%AD%E9%AA%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="短骨（页面不存在）">短骨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_bone" class="extiw" title="en:Short bone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Short bone</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="扁骨" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Flat bone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%81%E9%AA%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扁骨（页面不存在）">扁骨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_bone" class="extiw" title="en:Flat bone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Flat bone</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="不规则骨" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Irregular bone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E9%AA%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不规则骨（页面不存在）">不规则骨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregular_bone" class="extiw" title="en:Irregular bone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Irregular bone</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%90%E9%AA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="種子骨">種子骨</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bone_and_cartilage_navs" title="Template:Bone and cartilage navs"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bone_and_cartilage_navs" title="Template talk:Bone and cartilage navs"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Bone_and_cartilage_navs" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Bone and cartilage navs"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="骨骼和軟骨索引" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="骨骼">骨骼</a>和<a class="mw-selflink selflink">軟骨</a>索引</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">描述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-_ODDEVEN_ hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bone_and_cartilage" title="Template:Bone and cartilage">解剖</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:HumanBones" title="Template:HumanBones">骨骼</a></li> <li>頭顱 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Facial_bones" title="Template:Facial bones">顏面</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cranium" title="Template:Cranium">腦顱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%A0%AD%E9%AA%A8%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="Template:頭骨複合結構">複合結構</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Foramina of skull" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Foramina of skull"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Foramina_of_skull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Foramina of skull（页面不存在）">孔洞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Foramina_of_skull" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Foramina of skull"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Foramina of skull</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bones_of_upper_limb" title="Template:Bones of upper limb">上肢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bones_of_torso" title="Template:Bones of torso">軀幹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%AA%A8%E7%9B%86%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="Template:骨盆骨骼">骨盆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%8B%E8%82%A2%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="Template:下肢骨骼">下肢</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Bone and cartilage physiology" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Bone and cartilage physiology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Bone_and_cartilage_physiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Bone and cartilage physiology（页面不存在）">生理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Bone_and_cartilage_physiology" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Bone and cartilage physiology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Bone and cartilage physiology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Development of bone" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Development of bone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Development_of_bone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Development of bone（页面不存在）">發育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Development_of_bone" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Development of bone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Development of bone</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germ_layer" title="Template:Germ layer">細胞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">疾病</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-_ODDEVEN_ hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Osteochondrodysplasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Osteochondrodysplasia">先天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%AA%A8%E9%A0%AD%E8%BB%9F%E9%AA%A8%E7%9A%84%E8%85%AB%E7%98%A4%E3%80%81%E6%81%AF%E8%82%89%E3%80%81%E8%B4%85%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E3%80%81%E8%82%89%E5%A1%8A" title="Template:骨頭軟骨的腫瘤、息肉、贅生物、肉塊">腫瘤</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Trauma" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Trauma"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Trauma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Trauma（页面不存在）">創傷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Trauma" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Trauma"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Trauma</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Fractures" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Fractures"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Fractures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Fractures（页面不存在）">骨折</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Fractures" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Fractures"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Fractures</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%AA%A8%E8%BB%9F%E9%AA%A8%E7%97%85" title="Template:骨軟骨病">其他</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nervous_and_musculoskeletal_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Nervous and musculoskeletal system symptoms and signs">症狀</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Orthopedic examination" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Orthopedic examination"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Orthopedic_examination&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Orthopedic examination（页面不存在）">齊名</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Orthopedic_examination" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Orthopedic examination"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Orthopedic examination</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">治療</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-_ODDEVEN_ hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Bone, cartilage, and joint procedures" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Bone, cartilage, and joint procedures"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Bone,_cartilage,_and_joint_procedures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Bone, cartilage, and joint procedures（页面不存在）">處置</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Bone,_cartilage,_and_joint_procedures" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Bone, cartilage, and joint procedures"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Bone, cartilage, and joint procedures</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bisphosphonates" title="Template:Bisphosphonates">藥物</a></li> <li>手術</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=软骨&oldid=80466156">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=软骨&oldid=80466156</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:解剖学">解剖学</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E5%80%9F%E8%A9%9E" title="Category:日語借詞">日語借詞</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2018%E5%B9%B44%E6%9C%88%E5%B8%A6%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2018年4月带有失效链接的条目">自2018年4月带有失效链接的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%B8%E4%B9%85%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Category:条目有永久失效的外部链接">条目有永久失效的外部链接</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2016%E5%B9%B411%E6%9C%88%E6%89%A9%E5%85%85%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2016年11月扩充中的条目">自2016年11月扩充中的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AD%A4%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%90%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA%E6%A1%86" title="Category:孤立的子导航框">孤立的子导航框</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年1月12日 (星期五) 15:28。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-mnjcb","wgBackendResponseTime":173,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.401","walltime":"0.554","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2384,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":163601,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2465,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":30,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":32,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":23779,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 444.403 1 -total"," 40.73% 181.016 8 Template:Navbox"," 26.42% 117.411 1 Template:人体系统与器官"," 26.03% 115.670 1 Template:Bone_and_cartilage"," 25.25% 112.203 1 Template:NavboxV2"," 22.76% 101.134 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.49% 86.616 1 Template:Expand"," 17.60% 78.233 1 Template:Ambox"," 11.43% 50.813 1 Template:Cite_web"," 10.15% 45.087 1 Template:Dead_link"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.174","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4879491,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-75f86cb67d-xbhnc","timestamp":"20241118194234","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u8f6f\u9aa8","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q502730","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q502730","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-05-09T11:59:01Z","dateModified":"2024-01-12T15:28:39Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/80\/Cartilage.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>