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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ಲಾಗ್ ಇನ್</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ಉಪಕರಣಗಳು" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ಉಪಕರಣಗಳು</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_kn.wikipedia.org&uselang=kn"><span>ದೇಣಿಗೆ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:CreateAccount&returnto=%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE" title="ನೀವು ಹೊಸ ಖಾತೆಯನ್ನು ತೆರೆದು ಲಾಗಿನ್ ಆಗುವುದನ್ನು ಹುರಿದುಂಬಿಸುತ್ತೇವೆ; ಆದಾಗ್ಯೂ, ಇದು ಅವಶ್ಯವೇನಲ್ಲ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ಹೊಸ ಖಾತೆ ತೆರೆಯಿರಿ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE" title="ನೀವು ಲಾಗ್ ಇನ್ ಆಗಬೇಕೆಂದು ಕೋರುತ್ತೇವೆ, ಆದರೆ ಅದು ಖಡ್ಡಾಯ ಎನೂ ಅಲ್ಲ. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ಲಾಗ್ ಇನ್</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ಲಾಗ್ ಔಟ್ ಆದ ಸಂಪಾದಕರಿಗೆ ಪುಟಗಳು <a href="/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ಕಾಣಿಕೆಗಳು</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:MyTalk" title="ಈ ip ವಿಳಾಸದಿಂದ ಮಾಡಲಾದ ಸಂಪಾದನೆಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಚರ್ಚೆ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>IP ಚರ್ಚಾಪುಟ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> 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vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ಪರಿವಿಡಿ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ಮರೆ ಮಾಡಿ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ಮುನ್ನುಡಿ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಗಳು" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಗಳು"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">೧</span> <span>ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಗಳು</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಗಳು-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ಪರಿವಿಡಿ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">೮೩ ಭಾಷೆಗಳು</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenne" title="Antenne – ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾನ್ಸ್" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Antenne" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾನ್ಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="هوائي – ಅರೇಬಿಕ್" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هوائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ಅರೇಬಿಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena – ಆಸ್ಟುರಿಯನ್" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Antena" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ಆಸ್ಟುರಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitotakanatikw" title="Kitotakanatikw – ಅತಿಕಮೆಕ್" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Kitotakanatikw" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="ಅತಿಕಮೆಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena – ಅಜೆರ್ಬೈಜಾನಿ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Antena" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ಅಜೆರ್ಬೈಜಾನಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Антэна – ಬೆಲರೂಸಿಯನ್" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Антэна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ಬೆಲರೂಸಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Антэна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Антэна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Антена – ಬಲ್ಗೇರಿಯನ್" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Антена" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ಬಲ್ಗೇರಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="অ্যান্টেনা – ಬಾಂಗ್ಲಾ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যান্টেনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ಬಾಂಗ್ಲಾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena – ಬೋಸ್ನಿಯನ್" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Antena" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ಬೋಸ್ನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena_(r%C3%A0dio)" title="Antena (ràdio) – ಕೆಟಲಾನ್" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antena (ràdio)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ಕೆಟಲಾನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%84" title="ئارێل – ಮಧ್ಯ ಕುರ್ದಿಶ್" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئارێل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ಮಧ್ಯ ಕುರ್ದಿಶ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%A9na" title="Anténa – ಜೆಕ್" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anténa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ಜೆಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioantenne" title="Radioantenne – ಡ್ಯಾನಿಶ್" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Radioantenne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ಡ್ಯಾನಿಶ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenne" title="Antenne – ಜರ್ಮನ್" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Antenne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ಜರ್ಮನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Κεραία – ಗ್ರೀಕ್" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κεραία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ಗ್ರೀಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio)" title="Antenna (radio) – ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Antenna (radio)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anteno_(tekniko)" title="Anteno (tekniko) – ಎಸ್ಪೆರಾಂಟೊ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Anteno (tekniko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ಎಸ್ಪೆರಾಂಟೊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena – ಸ್ಪ್ಯಾನಿಷ್" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antena" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ಸ್ಪ್ಯಾನಿಷ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenn" title="Antenn – ಎಸ್ಟೊನಿಯನ್" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Antenn" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ಎಸ್ಟೊನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena – ಬಾಸ್ಕ್" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Antena" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ಬಾಸ್ಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%86_(%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88)" title="آنتن (رادیو) – ಪರ್ಶಿಯನ್" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنتن (رادیو)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ಪರ್ಶಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenni" title="Antenni – ಫಿನ್ನಿಶ್" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Antenni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ಫಿನ್ನಿಶ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenne_radio%C3%A9lectrique" title="Antenne radioélectrique – ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Antenne radioélectrique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aer%C3%B3g_(leictreonaic)" title="Aeróg (leictreonaic) – ಐರಿಷ್" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aeróg (leictreonaic)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ಐರಿಷ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena – ಗ್ಯಾಲಿಶಿಯನ್" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Antena" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ಗ್ಯಾಲಿಶಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%94" title="אנטנה – ಹೀಬ್ರೂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנטנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ಹೀಬ್ರೂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="एन्टेना – ಹಿಂದಿ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एन्टेना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ಹಿಂದಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena – ಕ್ರೊಯೇಶಿಯನ್" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Antena" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ಕ್ರೊಯೇಶಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna" title="Antenna – ಹಂಗೇರಿಯನ್" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Antenna" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ಹಂಗೇರಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Անտենա – ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անտենա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna" title="Antenna – ಇಂಟರ್‌ಲಿಂಗ್ವಾ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Antenna" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ಇಂಟರ್‌ಲಿಂಗ್ವಾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena_(radio)" title="Antena (radio) – ಇಂಡೋನೇಶಿಯನ್" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Antena (radio)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ಇಂಡೋನೇಶಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loftnet" title="Loftnet – ಐಸ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಕ್" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Loftnet" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ಐಸ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna" title="Antenna – ಇಟಾಲಿಯನ್" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antenna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ಇಟಾಲಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%8A" title="アンテナ – ಜಾಪನೀಸ್" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンテナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ಜಾಪನೀಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D)" title="ანტენა (რადიო) – ಜಾರ್ಜಿಯನ್" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანტენა (რადიო)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ಜಾರ್ಜಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Антенна – ಕಝಕ್" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Антенна" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ಕಝಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%ED%85%8C%EB%82%98" title="안테나 – ಕೊರಿಯನ್" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="안테나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ಕೊರಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Антенна – ಕಿರ್ಗಿಜ್" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Антенна" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ಕಿರ್ಗಿಜ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radiophonia)" title="Antenna (radiophonia) – ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Antenna (radiophonia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena_(radijas)" title="Antena (radijas) – ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯನ್" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Antena (radijas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena – ಲಾಟ್ವಿಯನ್" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Antena" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ಲಾಟ್ವಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Антена – ಮೆಸಿಡೋನಿಯನ್" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Антена" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ಮೆಸಿಡೋನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8" title="ആന്റിന – ಮಲಯಾಳಂ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആന്റിന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ಮಲಯಾಳಂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Антен – ಮಂಗೋಲಿಯನ್" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Антен" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ಮಂಗೋಲಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena – ಮಲಯ್" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Antena" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ಮಲಯ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="ကောင်းကင်ကြိုး – ಬರ್ಮೀಸ್" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကောင်းကင်ကြိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ಬರ್ಮೀಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="रेडियो एन्टेना – ನೇಪಾಳಿ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रेडियो एन्टेना" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ನೇಪಾಳಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenne_(straling)" title="Antenne (straling) – ಡಚ್" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Antenne (straling)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ಡಚ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioantenne" title="Radioantenne – ನಾರ್ವೇಜಿಯನ್ ನೈನಾರ್ಸ್ಕ್" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Radioantenne" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ನಾರ್ವೇಜಿಯನ್ ನೈನಾರ್ಸ್ಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenne" title="Antenne – ನಾರ್ವೆಜಿಯನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಮಲ್" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Antenne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ನಾರ್ವೆಜಿಯನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಮಲ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE_(%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%93)" title="ਐਂਟੀਨਾ (ਰੇਡੀਓ) – ಪಂಜಾಬಿ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਂਟੀਨਾ (ਰੇਡੀਓ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ಪಂಜಾಬಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena – ಪೊಲಿಶ್" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Antena" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ಪೊಲಿಶ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="انٹینا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انٹینا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%86" title="آنتن – ಪಾಷ್ಟೋ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آنتن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ಪಾಷ್ಟೋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena – ಪೋರ್ಚುಗೀಸ್" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antena" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ಪೋರ್ಚುಗೀಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anten%C4%83_(radio)" title="Antenă (radio) – ರೊಮೇನಿಯನ್" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Antenă (radio)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ರೊಮೇನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Антенна – ರಷ್ಯನ್" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Антенна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ರಷ್ಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntinna" title="Ntinna – ಸಿಸಿಲಿಯನ್" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ntinna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ಸಿಸಿಲಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio)" title="Antenna (radio) – ಸ್ಕೋಟ್ಸ್" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Antenna (radio)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ಸ್ಕೋಟ್ಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena – ಸರ್ಬೋ-ಕ್ರೊಯೇಶಿಯನ್" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antena" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="ಸರ್ಬೋ-ಕ್ರೊಯೇಶಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna" title="Antenna – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Antenna" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%A9na" title="Anténa – ಸ್ಲೋವಾಕ್" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Anténa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ಸ್ಲೋವಾಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena – ಸ್ಲೋವೇನಿಯನ್" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Antena" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ಸ್ಲೋವೇನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena – ಅಲ್ಬೇನಿಯನ್" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Antena" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ಅಲ್ಬೇನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Антена – ಸೆರ್ಬಿಯನ್" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Антена" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ಸೆರ್ಬಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenn" title="Antenn – ಸ್ವೀಡಿಷ್" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Antenn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ಸ್ವೀಡಿಷ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena – ಸ್ವಹಿಲಿ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Antena" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ಸ್ವಹಿಲಿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அலைக்கம்பம் – ತಮಿಳು" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அலைக்கம்பம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ತಮಿಳು" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Антенна – ತಾಜಿಕ್" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Антенна" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ತಾಜಿಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8" title="สายอากาศ – ಥಾಯ್" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สายอากาศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ಥಾಯ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena – ಟ್ಯಾಗಲೋಗ್" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Antena" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ಟ್ಯಾಗಲೋಗ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anten_(elektronik)" title="Anten (elektronik) – ಟರ್ಕಿಶ್" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anten (elektronik)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ಟರ್ಕಿಶ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Антена – ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Антена" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3_(%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88)" title="محاس (ریڈیو) – ಉರ್ದು" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="محاس (ریڈیو)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ಉರ್ದು" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna" title="Antenna – ಉಜ್ಬೇಕ್" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Antenna" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ಉಜ್ಬೇಕ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%82ngten" title="Ăngten – ವಿಯೆಟ್ನಾಮೀಸ್" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ăngten" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ವಿಯೆಟ್ನಾಮೀಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena – ವರಾಯ್" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Antena" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ವರಾಯ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%BA%BF" title="天线 – ವು ಚೈನೀಸ್" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="天线" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ವು ಚೈನೀಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%BA%BF" title="天线 – ಚೈನೀಸ್" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="天线" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ಚೈನೀಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-t%C3%A9-nah" title="An-té-nah – ನಾನ್" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="An-té-nah" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="ನಾನ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%B7%9A" title="天線 – ಕ್ಯಾಂಟನೀಸ್" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="天線" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ಕ್ಯಾಂಟನೀಸ್" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131214#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ಇತರ ಭಾಷಾ ಕೊಂಡಿಗಳನ್ನು ಸಂಪಾದಿಸು" class="wbc-editpage">ಕೊಂಡಿಗಳನ್ನು ಸಂಪಾದಿಸಿ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ನಾಮವರ್ಗಗಳು"> <div 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/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>ಆಂಟೇನಾ (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emtalk.tech/2020/03/what-is-an-antenna.html">antenna</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><span title=" ಕೊಂಡಿಯು ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 2021 ಇಂದ ಮಡಿದಿದೆ">ಶಾಶ್ವತವಾಗಿ ಮಡಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿ</span></i>]</span></sup>)ಅಥವಾ ಅಂಟೇನಾ ಎಂದರೆ ಬಾಹ್ಯಾಕಾಶದ ಮೂಲಕ ಪ್ರಸಾರವಾಗುವ ರೇಡಿಯೋ ತರಂಗಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಲೋಹದ ವಾಹಕಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಚಲಿಸುವ ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ ಪ್ರವಾಹಗಳ ನಡುವಿನ ಅಂತರಸಂಪರ್ಕವಾಗಿದೆ,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>೧<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ಇದನ್ನು ಟ್ರಾನ್ಸ್‌ಮಿಟರ್ ಅಥವಾ ರಿಸೀವರ್‌ನೊಂದಿಗೆ ಬಳಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ರೇಡಿಯೋ ತರಂಗಗಳನ್ನು ಬಿತ್ತರಿಸಲು ಟ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ಮಿಟರ್ ಆಂಟೆನಾದ ತುದಿಗೆ ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ ಪ್ರವಾಹವನ್ನು ಪೂರೈಸಲಗುತ್ತದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಆಂಟೆನಾದಲ್ಲಿನ ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ ಪ್ರವಾಹದಿಂದ ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ಕಾಂತೀಯ ತರಂಗಗಳಾಗಿ (ರೇಡಿಯೋ ತರಂಗಗಳು) ಹೊರಹೊಮ್ಮುತ್ತದೆ.ರೇಡಿಯೋ ತರಂಗಗಳನ್ನು ಸ್ವೀಕರಿಸಲು ಆಂಟೆನಾವನ್ನು ರೀಸಿವರ್ಗೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ, ರೇಡಿಯೋ ತರಂಗಗಳು ಆಂಟೇನಾಗೆ ಬಡಿದಾಗ ಅತ್ಯಲ್ಪ  ಪ್ರಮಾಣದ ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ ಪ್ರವಾಹ ಉತ್ಪದನೆಯಾಗುತ್ತದೆ, ಆಂಟೆನಾಗಳು ಎಲ್ಲಾ ರೇಡಿಯೊ ಉಪಕರಣಗಳ ಅಗತ್ಯ ಅಂಶಗಳಾಗಿವೆ. </p><p>ಆಂಟೆನಾ ಎನ್ನುವುದು ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ವಾಹಕಗಳ ಒಂದು ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದು, ರಿಸೀವರ್ ಅಥವಾ ಟ್ರಾನ್ಸ್‌ಮಿಟರ್‌ಗೆ ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಹೊಂದಿರುತ್ತದೆ . ಆಂಟೆನಾಗಳನ್ನು ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಸಮತಲ ದಿಕ್ಕುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಸಮಾನವಾಗಿ (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnidirectional_antenna" class="extiw" title="en:Omnidirectional antenna">ಓಮ್ನಿಡೈರೆಕ್ಷನಲ್ ಆಂಟೆನಾಗಳು</a>), ಅಥವಾ ಆದ್ಯತೆಯಾಗಿ ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ದಿಕ್ಕಿನಲ್ಲಿ (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directional_antenna" class="extiw" title="en:Directional antenna">ಡೈರೆಕ್ಷನಲ್ ಆಂಟೆನಾಗಳು</a>) ಪ್ರಸಾರ ಮಾಡಲು ಮತ್ತು ಸ್ವೀಕರಿಸಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಬಹುದು. ಆಂಟೆನಾವು ಟ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ಮಿಟರ್ಗೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಹೊಂದಿಲ್ಲದ ಅಂಶಗಳನ್ನು ಕೂಡ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿರಬಹುದು ಉದಾಹರೆಣೆಗೆ ಪ್ಯಾರಾಬೋಲಿಕ್ ರಿಫ್ಲೆಕ್ಟರ್ಗಳು ರೆಸಿಸ್ಟರ್ಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಕ್ಯಾಪಸಿಟರ್ಗಳು, ಇವು ರೇಡಿಯೊ ತರಂಗಗಳನ್ನು ಅಪೇಕ್ಷಿತ ವಿಕಿರಣ ಮಾದರಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಿಸಲು ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ </p><p>ಈ ತಂತ್ರವನ್ನು ಮೊಟ್ಟಮೊದಲಿಗೆ, ರೆಡಿಯೋ ಟೆಲೆಗ್ರಾಫಿಯಲ್ಲಿ, ಮಾರ್ಕೊನಿಯವರು ಬಳಸಿದರು. ಸಮುದ್ರದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಹಡಗುಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಸಾಧಿಸಲು ರೆಡಿಯೋ ಟೆಲೆಗ್ರಾಫಿ ಬಳಸಲಾಗಿತ್ತು. ನಂತರ ಮಾನವನ ಧ್ವನಿಯನ್ನು 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