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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Чарлз Рийд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чарлз Рийд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Reade" title="Charles Reade – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Charles Reade" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Reade" title="Charles Reade – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Charles Reade" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Reade" title="Charles Reade – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Charles Reade" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Reade" title="Charles Reade – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Charles Reade" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93" title="צ'ארלס ריד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'ארלס ריד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British novelist and dramatist (1814–1884)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Charles Reade, see <a href="/wiki/Charles_Reade_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Charles Reade (disambiguation)">Charles Reade (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Charles Reade</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Charles_Reade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Portrait_of_Charles_Reade.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Charles_Reade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Portrait_of_Charles_Reade.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Charles_Reade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Portrait_of_Charles_Reade.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Charles_Reade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="1022" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1814-06-08</span>)</span>8 June 1814<br /><a href="/wiki/Ipsden" title="Ipsden">Ipsden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">11 April 1884<span style="display:none">(1884-04-11)</span> (aged 69)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Willesden" title="Willesden">Willesden</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Novelist</li> <li>dramatist</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford" title="Magdalen College, Oxford">Magdalen College, Oxford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cloister_and_the_Hearth" title="The Cloister and the Hearth">The Cloister and the Hearth</a></i> (1861)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1 adopted</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">John Reade<br />Anne Marie Scott-Waring</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/William_Winwood_Reade" title="William Winwood Reade">William Winwood Reade</a> (nephew)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Charles Reade</b> (8 June 1814 – 11 April 1884) was a British novelist and <a href="/wiki/Dramatist" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatist">dramatist</a>, best known for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cloister_and_the_Hearth" title="The Cloister and the Hearth">The Cloister and the Hearth</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Reade&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles Reade was born at <a href="/wiki/Ipsden" title="Ipsden">Ipsden</a>, Oxfordshire, to John Reade and Anne Marie Scott-Waring, and had at least four brothers.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He studied at <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford" title="Magdalen College, Oxford">Magdalen College, Oxford</a>, taking his B.A. in 1835, and became a fellow of his college. He was subsequently dean of arts<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and vice-president, taking his degree of D.C.L. in 1847. His name was entered at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Inn" title="Lincoln's Inn">Lincoln's Inn</a> in 1836; he was elected Vinerian Fellow in 1842, and was called to the bar in 1843.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He kept his fellowship at Magdalen all his life but, after taking his degree, he spent most of his time in London.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Winwood_Reade" title="William Winwood Reade">William Winwood Reade</a>, the influential historian, was his nephew. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Reade&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Reade_by_Charles_Mercier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Charles_Reade_by_Charles_Mercier.jpg/290px-Charles_Reade_by_Charles_Mercier.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Charles_Reade_by_Charles_Mercier.jpg/435px-Charles_Reade_by_Charles_Mercier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Charles_Reade_by_Charles_Mercier.jpg/580px-Charles_Reade_by_Charles_Mercier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1867" /></a><figcaption><i>Charles Reade,</i> portrait of him writing, by Charles Mercier, circa 1870</figcaption></figure> <p>Reade began his literary career as a dramatist, and he chose to have "dramatist" stand first in the list of his occupations on his <a href="/wiki/Tomb_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb stone">tombstone</a>. As an author, he always had an eye to stage effect in scenes and situations as well as in dialogue. His first comedy, <i>The Ladies' Battle</i>, appeared at the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Theatre" title="Olympic Theatre">Olympic Theatre</a> in May 1851. It was followed by <i>Angela</i> (1851), <i>A Village Tale</i> (1852), <i>The Lost Husband</i> (1852), and <i>Gold</i> (1853).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But Reade's reputation was made by the two-act comedy, <i><a href="/wiki/Masks_and_Faces_(play)" title="Masks and Faces (play)">Masks and Faces</a></i>, in which he collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Tom_Taylor" title="Tom Taylor">Tom Taylor</a>. It was produced in November 1852, and later was expanded into three acts. By the advice of the actress, Laura Seymour, he turned the play into a prose story which appeared in 1853 as <i><a href="/wiki/Peg_Woffington_(novel)" title="Peg Woffington (novel)">Peg Woffington</a></i>. The same year he wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Christie_Johnstone_(novel)" title="Christie Johnstone (novel)">Christie Johnstone</a></i>, a close study of Scottish fisher folk. In 1854 he produced, in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Tom_Taylor" title="Tom Taylor">Tom Taylor</a>, <i>Two Loves and a Life</i>, and <i>The King's Rival</i>, and, unaided, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Courier_of_Lyons" title="The Courier of Lyons">The Courier of Lyons</a></i> (well known under its later title, <i>The Lyons Mail</i>) and his adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Smollett" title="Tobias Smollett">Tobias Smollett</a>'s <i>Peregrine Pickle</i>. In the next year appeared <i>Art</i> (1855), afterwards known as <i>Nance Oldfield</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:It_is_never_too_late_to_mend_-_Weir_Collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/It_is_never_too_late_to_mend_-_Weir_Collection.jpg/220px-It_is_never_too_late_to_mend_-_Weir_Collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/It_is_never_too_late_to_mend_-_Weir_Collection.jpg/330px-It_is_never_too_late_to_mend_-_Weir_Collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/It_is_never_too_late_to_mend_-_Weir_Collection.jpg/440px-It_is_never_too_late_to_mend_-_Weir_Collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3724" /></a><figcaption>Theatre poster from <i>It is never too late to mend</i></figcaption></figure> <p>He made his name as a novelist in 1856, when he published <i><a href="/wiki/It_Is_Never_Too_Late_to_Mend_(novel)" title="It Is Never Too Late to Mend (novel)">It Is Never Too Late to Mend</a></i>, a novel written to reform abuses in prison discipline and the treatment of criminals. The truth of some details was challenged, and Reade defended himself vigorously. Five more novels followed in quick succession: <i>The Course of True Love Never Did Run Smooth</i> (1857), <i>White Lies</i> (1857), <i>Jack of all Trades</i> (1858), <i>The Autobiography of a Thief</i> (1858), and <i>Love Me Little, Love Me Long</i> (1859).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>White Lies</i> started as a translation of <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Maquet" title="Auguste Maquet">Auguste Maquet</a>'s play <i>Le Château de Grantier.</i> After managers declined the manuscript, Reade adapted the story, weaving it into a novel which was serialised in <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Journal" title="The London Journal">The London Journal</a></i> and published in three volumes the same year. He produced an adaptation of this on stage as <i>The Double Marriage</i> in 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1861 Reade published what would become his most famous work, based on a few lines by the medieval humanist Erasmus about the life of his parents. The novel began life as a serial in <a href="/wiki/Once_A_Week_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Once A Week (magazine)"><i>Once a Week</i></a> in 1859 under the title "A Good Fight", but when Reade disagreed with the proprietors of the magazine over some of the contentious subject matter (principally the unmarried pregnancy of the heroine), he abruptly curtailed the serialisation with a false happy ending. Reade continued to work on the novel and published it in 1861, thoroughly revised and extended, as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cloister_and_the_Hearth" title="The Cloister and the Hearth">The Cloister and the Hearth</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It became recognised as one of the most successful historical novels. Returning from the 15th century to contemporary English life, he next produced <i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Cash_(novel)" title="Hard Cash (novel)">Hard Cash</a></i> (originally published as <i>Very Hard Cash</i><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) (1863), in which he highlighted the abuses of private <a href="/wiki/Lunatic_asylum" title="Lunatic asylum">lunatic asylums</a>. Three more such novels followed: <i>Foul Play</i> (1869), in which he exposed the iniquities of ship-knackers, and paved the way for the labours of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Plimsoll" title="Samuel Plimsoll">Samuel Plimsoll</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Put_Yourself_in_His_Place" title="Put Yourself in His Place">Put Yourself in His Place</a></i> (1870), in which he dealt with trade unions; and <i>A Woman-Hater</i> (1877), in which he continued his commentary on trade unions while also tackling the topic of women doctors. <i>The Wandering Heir</i> (1875), of which he also wrote a version for the stage, was suggested by the <a href="/wiki/Tichborne_Case" class="mw-redirect" title="Tichborne Case">Tichborne Case</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reade also published three elaborate studies of character: <i><a href="/wiki/Griffith_Gaunt" title="Griffith Gaunt">Griffith Gaunt</a></i> (1866), <i><a href="/wiki/A_Terrible_Temptation" title="A Terrible Temptation">A Terrible Temptation</a></i> (1871), <i>A Simpleton</i> (1873). He rated the first of these as his best novel. At intervals throughout his literary career, he sought to gratify his dramatic ambition, hiring a theatre and engaging a company for the production of his plays. An example of his persistence was seen in the case of <i>Foul Play</i>. He wrote this in 1869 in combination with <a href="/wiki/Dion_Boucicault" title="Dion Boucicault">Dion Boucicault</a> with a view to stage adaptation. The play was more or less a failure; but he produced another version alone in 1877, under the title of <i>A Scuttled Ship</i>, which was a notable failure. His greatest success as a dramatist attended his last attempt—<i>Drink</i>—an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola" title="Émile Zola">Émile Zola</a>'s <i>L'Assommoir</i>, produced in 1879,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and made into the film <i><a href="/wiki/Drink_(film)" title="Drink (film)">Drink</a></i> in 1917. </p><p>In that year his friend Laura Seymour, who might have been his mistress and had kept house for him since 1854, died. Reade's health failed from that time. On his death, he left behind him a completed novel, <i>A Perilous Secret</i>, which showed he was still skilled in the arts of weaving a complicated plot and devising thrilling situations. Reade was an amateur of the violin, and among his works is an essay on <a href="/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona">Cremona</a> violins with the title, "A Lost Art Revived."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938–939_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938–939-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reade is buried alongside Laura Seymour, in the churchyard of St. Mary's Church, <a href="/wiki/Willesden" title="Willesden">Willesden</a>, in north-west London. </p><p>Reade subtitled a number of his novels "A matter-of-fact romance"; this referred to his practice of basing his novels largely on newspaper cuttings, which he began collecting for this purpose in 1848. He also conducted his own research, observing prisons personally, for example, as well as borrowing at times heavily from other novelists' works.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He admitted the public freely to the secrets of his method of composition: he spoke about his method in his prefaces, he introduced himself into one of his novels, as Dr Rolfe in <i>A Terrible Temptation</i>, and in his will, he left his workshop and his accumulation of materials open for inspection for two years after his death. The collection was extensive and well-organized, and he had planned to use it as a basis for an unrealized work in "the wisdom and folly of nations," dealing with social, political and domestic details.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911939_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911939-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reade's novels were popular, and he was among England's highest-paid novelists. However, many libraries refused to carry his works on the grounds that they were indecent.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reputation">Reputation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Reade&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reputation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Reade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Charles_Reade.jpg/170px-Charles_Reade.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Charles_Reade.jpg/255px-Charles_Reade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Charles_Reade.jpg/340px-Charles_Reade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="1092" /></a><figcaption>"Charles Reade," illustrated by Frederick Waddy (1872)</figcaption></figure><p> Reade fell out of fashion by the turn of the century—"it is unusual to meet anyone who has voluntarily read him," wrote <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a> in an essay on Reade<sup id="cite_ref-george-orwell.org_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-george-orwell.org-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—but during the 19th century Reade was one of Britain's most popular novelists. He was not highly regarded by critics. The following assessment by <a href="/wiki/Justin_McCarthy_(politician)" title="Justin McCarthy (politician)">Justin McCarthy</a>, writing in 1872, is typical:</p><blockquote> <p>A strong, healthy air of honest and high purpose breathes through nearly all the stories. An utter absence of cant, affectation, and sham distinguishes them. A surprising variety of descriptive power, at once bold, broad, and realistic is one of their great merits. Mr. Reade can describe a sea-fight, a storm, the forging of a horseshoe, the ravages of an inundation, the trimming of a lady's dress, the tuning of a piano, with equal accuracy and apparent zest. . . . Mr. Reade wants no quality which is necessary to make a powerful story-teller, while he is distinguished from all mere story-tellers by the fact that he has some great social object to serve in nearly everything he undertakes to detail. More than this I do not believe he is, nor, despite the evidences of something yet higher which were given in 'Christie Johnstone' and 'The Cloister and the Hearth,' do I think he ever could have been. He is a magnificent specimen of the modern special correspondent, endowed with the additional and unique gift of a faculty for throwing his report into the form of a thrilling story. But it requires something more than this, something higher than this, to make a great novelist whom the world will always remember. Mr. Reade is unsurpassed in the second class of English novelists, but he does not belong to the front rank. His success has been great in its way, but it is for an age and not for time.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>The author George Orwell summed up Reade's attraction as "the same charm as one finds in <a href="/wiki/R._Austin_Freeman" title="R. Austin Freeman">R. Austin Freeman</a>'s detective stories or <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Gould" title="Rupert Gould">Lieutenant-Commander Gould</a>'s collections of curiosities—the charm of useless knowledge," going on to say that </p> <blockquote> <p>Reade was a man of what one might call penny-encyclopaedic learning. He possessed vast stocks of disconnected information which a lively narrative gift allowed him to cram into books which would at any rate pass as novels. If you have the sort of mind that takes a pleasure in dates, lists, catalogues, concrete details, descriptions of processes, junk-shop windows and back numbers of the <i>Exchange and Mart,</i> the sort of mind that likes knowing exactly how a medieval catapult worked or just what objects a prison cell of the eighteen-forties contained, then you can hardly help enjoying Reade.<sup id="cite_ref-george-orwell.org_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-george-orwell.org-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>During his career, the prolific Reade was involved in several literary feuds involving accusations of plagiarism. He strongly defended himself, but invoked standards on literary borrowing that are looser than those of today. Reade is frequently discussed in studies of evolving attitudes toward plagiarism. </p><p>Reade is credited with the quote: "Sow a thought, and you reap an act; Sow an act, and you reap a habit; Sow a habit, and you reap a character; Sow a character, and you reap a destiny". These days it is often adapted to: </p> <blockquote><p>"Mind your thoughts for they become your words; mind your words for they become your actions; mind your actions for they become your habits; mind your habits for they become your character; mind your character for it becomes your destiny."</p></blockquote><p>(This was used in the film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Iron_Lady_(film)" title="The Iron Lady (film)">The Iron Lady</a></i> (2011), spoken by <a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> playing <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>, the former Prime Minister.) </p><p>Reade's newspaper cuttings, notebooks and correspondence are held at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.londonlibrary.co.uk/.">The London Library.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_family">Marriage and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Reade&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Marriage and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reade and his late wife had an adopted daughter. He cut off relations with her after she eloped at age sixteen with an actor. After her husband abandoned her, she worked as an actress for a number of years. She performed 2000 times in a production of Reade's <i><a href="/wiki/It_Is_Never_Too_Late_to_Mend_(novel)" title="It Is Never Too Late to Mend (novel)">It Is Never Too Late to Mend</a>.</i> She wound up destitute in a workhouse in Kent.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allusions">Allusions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Reade&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Allusions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ira_Gershwin" title="Ira Gershwin">Ira Gershwin</a>'s lyric "It’s never too late to Mendelssohn...", which appears in both <i><a href="/wiki/Oh,_Kay!" title="Oh, Kay!">Oh, Kay!</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Lady_in_the_Dark" title="Lady in the Dark">Lady in the Dark</a></i>, is a play on the title of Reade's book. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Betjeman" title="John Betjeman">John Betjeman</a>'s poem "In Willesden Churchyard" includes a reference to "Laura Seymour's grave-/ 'So long the loyal counsellor and friend'/Of that Charles Reade whose coffin lies with hers/Was she his mistress?" followed by a long imagined passage about their possible relationship. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Reade&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Gold!</i> (1853, play)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Masks_and_Faces_(play)" title="Masks and Faces (play)">Masks and Faces</a></i> (1852, play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peg_Woffington_(novel)" title="Peg Woffington (novel)">Peg Woffington</a></i> (1853, novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christie_Johnstone_(novel)" title="Christie Johnstone (novel)">Christie Johnstone</a></i> (1853, novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Courier_of_Lyons" title="The Courier of Lyons">The Courier of Lyons</a></i> (1854, play. Also known as <i>The Lyons Mail</i>)</li> <li><i>Clouds and Sunshine and Arts</i> (1855)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It_Is_Never_Too_Late_to_Mend_(novel)" title="It Is Never Too Late to Mend (novel)">It Is Never Too Late to Mend</a></i> (1856, novel)</li> <li><i>The Course of True Love Never Did Run Smooth</i> (1857)</li> <li><i>White Lies</i> (1857, novel)</li> <li><i>The Box Tunnel</i> (1857, short story. Only published in book form in America)</li> <li><i>Autobiography of a Thief</i> (1858, novelette about a train robbery)</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jhrusk.github.io/cr/jack.html"><i>Jack of All Trades</i></a>. 1858.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jack+of+All+Trades&rft.date=1858&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjhrusk.github.io%2Fcr%2Fjack.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Reade" class="Z3988"></span> (novelette about the elephant <a href="/wiki/Mademoiselle_D%27Jeck" title="Mademoiselle D'Jeck">Mademoiselle D'Jeck</a>)</li> <li><i>Love Me Little, Love Me Long</i> (1859, novel)</li> <li><i>A Good Fight and Other Tales</i> (1859)</li> <li><i>The Eighth Commandment</i> (1860)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cloister_and_the_Hearth" title="The Cloister and the Hearth">The Cloister and the Hearth</a></i> (1861)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Cash_(novel)" title="Hard Cash (novel)">Hard Cash</a></i> (1863, novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Griffith_Gaunt" title="Griffith Gaunt">Griffith Gaunt</a>; or, Jealousy</i> (1866, novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foul_Play_(novel)" title="Foul Play (novel)">Foul Play</a></i> (1869, novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Put_Yourself_in_His_Place" title="Put Yourself in His Place">Put Yourself in His Place</a></i> (1870, novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Terrible_Temptation" title="A Terrible Temptation">A Terrible Temptation</a></i> (1871, novel)</li> <li><i>Shilly-Shally</i> (1872, unauthorized stage adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Trollope" title="Anthony Trollope">Anthony Trollope</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Ralph_the_Heir" title="Ralph the Heir">Ralph the Heir</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-super_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-super-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>A Simpleton</i> (1873)</li> <li><i>The Wandering Heir</i> (1873)</li> <li><i>Trade Malice</i> (1875)</li> <li><i>A Woman Hater</i> (1877)</li> <li><i>Golden Crowns</i> (1877)</li> <li><i>Drink</i> (1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lyons_Mail_(play)" title="The Lyons Mail (play)">The Lyons Mail</a></i> (1877)</li> <li><i>Single Heart and Double Face</i> (1884, novel)</li> <li><i>A Perilous Secret</i> (1884, novel)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Reade&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/library/special_collections/manuscripts/post_medieval/pmmw11">"E. A. Reade, 'The Benefice of North Stoke ...'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>St John's College</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St+John%27s+College&rft.atitle=E.+A.+Reade%2C+%27The+Benefice+of+North+Stoke+...%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joh.cam.ac.uk%2Flibrary%2Fspecial_collections%2Fmanuscripts%2Fpost_medieval%2Fpmmw11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Reade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reade, p. 176</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Edwards, P.D. "Charles Reade." <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 938.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReade1860" class="citation book cs1">Reade, Charles (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dOfPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA169"><i>The Eighth Commandment</i></a>. London: Trübner & Co. pp. 169–170.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eighth+Commandment&rft.place=London&rft.pages=169-170&rft.pub=Tr%C3%BCbner+%26+Co.&rft.date=1860&rft.aulast=Reade&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdOfPAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Reade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938–939-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911938–939_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, pp. 938–939.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911939-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911939_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 939.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-george-orwell.org-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-george-orwell.org_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-george-orwell.org_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Orwell, George. "Charles Reade." <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.george-orwell.org/Charles_Reade/0.html">http://www.george-orwell.org/Charles_Reade/0.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McCarthy, Justin (1872). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/modernleadersbei00mccaiala#page/192/mode/2up">"Charles Reade."</a> In: <i>Modern Leaders: Being a Series of Biographical Sketches</i>. New York: Sheldon.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59080114?searchTerm=%22it%20is%20never%20too%20late%20to%20mend%22%20%22charles%20reade%22&searchLimits=">'RAVENSWOOD NOTES', January 22</a>, <i>Townsville Daily Bulletin</i>, 31 January 1914, p. 12, hosted at The Trove, National Library of Australia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-189521315">"Gold! : A drama, in five acts"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gold%21+%3A+A+drama%2C+in+five+acts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-189521315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Reade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-super-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-super_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Super, R. H. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KysOhYFtAEcC&dq=trollope%20beverley&pg=PP1"><i>The Chronicler of Barsetshire</i>.</a> University of Michigan Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KysOhYFtAEcC&dq=chronicler%20of%20barsetshire&pg=PA308">pp. 308–12.</a> Retrieved 19 May 2010.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Reade&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Diamond, Michael (2003). <i>Victorian Sensation, Or, the Spectacular, the Shocking, and the Scandalous in Nineteenth-Century Britain.</i> London: Anthem <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84331-150-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-84331-150-X">1-84331-150-X</a>, pp. 209–211,236–239</li> <li>Reade, Charles L., and Compton Reade (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/charlesreadedra00readgoog#page/n6/mode/2up"><i>Charles Reade, Dramatist, Novelist, Journalist: A Memoir.</i></a> London: Chapman and Hall.</li> <li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Reade,_Charles" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Reade, Charles">Reade, Charles</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 938–939.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reade%2C+Charles&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=938-939&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Reade" class="Z3988"></span> The entry contains a detailed assessment of his methods by the anonymous author.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1896" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lee" title="Sidney Lee">Lee, Sidney</a>, ed. (1896). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reade, Charles"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Reade,_Charles">"Reade, Charles" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. Vol. 47. London: Smith, Elder & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reade%2C+Charles&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Reade" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCousin1910" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Cousin" title="John William Cousin">Cousin, John William</a> (1910). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Short_Biographical_Dictionary_of_English_Literature/Reade,_Charles" class="extiw" title="s:A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Reade, Charles">Reade, Charles</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/A_Short_Biographical_Dictionary_of_English_Literature" title="A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature">A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature</a></i>. London: J. M. Dent & Sons – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reade%2C+Charles&rft.btitle=A+Short+Biographical+Dictionary+of+English+Literature&rft.place=London&rft.pub=J.+M.+Dent+%26amp%3B+Sons&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Cousin&rft.aufirst=John+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Reade" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Reade&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Williams_Buchanan" title="Robert Williams Buchanan">Buchanan, Robert</a> (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924031178084#page/n327/mode/2up">"Charles Reade: A Souvenir."</a> In: <i>A Look Round Literature.</i> London: Ward & Downey, pp. 308–313.</li> <li>Coleman, John (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/charlesreadeas00cole#page/n7/mode/2up"><i>Charles Reade as I Knew Him</i></a>. London: Treherne & Company.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James_Dawson" title="William James Dawson">Dawson, William James</a> (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/makersenglishfi01dawsgoog#page/n170/mode/2up">"Charles Reade."</a> In: <i>The Makers of English Fiction</i>. New York: F.H. Revell Co., pp. 164–178.</li> <li>Elwin, Malcolm (1931). <i>Charles Reade. A Biography.</i> London: Jonathan Cape.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dean_Howells" title="William Dean Howells">Howells, William Dean</a> (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/myliterarypassio00howeuoft#page/190/mode/2up">"Charles Reade."</a> In: <i>My Literary Passions.</i> New York: Harper & Brothers, pp. 191–197.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Christie_Murray" title="David Christie Murray">Murray, David Christie</a> (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/mycontemporarie00murrgoog#page/n28/mode/2up">"Charles Reade."</a> In: <i>My Contemporaries in Fiction.</i> London: Chatto & Windus, pp. 16–31.</li> <li>Purnell, Thomas (1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hnnr59;view=1up;seq=139">"Mr. Charles Reade."</a> In: <i>Dramatists of the Present Day.</i> London: Chapman & Hall, pp. 127–140.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Quiller-Couch" title="Arthur Quiller-Couch">Quiller-Couch, A.T.</a> (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/adventuresincrit00quilrich#page/128/mode/2up">"Charles Reade."</a> In: <i>Adventures in Criticism.</i> London: Cassell & Company, pp. 129–136.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algernon_Charles_Swinburne" title="Algernon Charles Swinburne">Swinburne, Algernon Charles</a> (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/miscellanies01swingoog#page/n285/mode/2up">"Charles Reade."</a> In: <i>Miscellanies</i>. London: Chatto & Windus, pp. 271–302.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Reade&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/8464">Works by Charles Reade</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/beinecke.reade" class="extiw" title="hdl:10079/fa/beinecke.reade">Charles Reade Collection</a>. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrc.utexas.edu/research/guides/Playwrights">Charles Reade Collection</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Center</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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href="/wiki/Category:Plays_by_Charles_Reade" title="Category:Plays by Charles Reade">Plays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Masks_and_Faces_(play)" title="Masks and Faces (play)">Masks and Faces</a></i> (1852) <i><a href="/wiki/The_Courier_of_Lyons" title="The Courier of Lyons">The Courier of Lyons</a></i> (1854)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_by_Charles_Reade" title="Category:Novels by Charles Reade">Novels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Peg_Woffington_(novel)" title="Peg Woffington (novel)">Peg Woffington</a></i> (1853)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christie_Johnstone_(novel)" title="Christie Johnstone (novel)">Christie Johnstone</a></i> (1853)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It_Is_Never_Too_Late_to_Mend_(novel)" title="It Is Never Too Late to Mend (novel)">It Is Never Too Late to Mend</a></i> (1856)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cloister_and_the_Hearth" title="The Cloister and the Hearth">The Cloister and the Hearth</a></i> (1861)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Cash_(novel)" title="Hard Cash (novel)">Hard Cash</a></i> (1863)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Griffith_Gaunt" title="Griffith Gaunt">Griffith Gaunt</a></i> (1866)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foul_Play_(novel)" title="Foul Play (novel)">Foul Play</a></i> (1869)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Terrible_Temptation" title="A Terrible Temptation">A Terrible Temptation</a></i> (1871)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247473#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121303033">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/44314913">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/15137/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhCKrQYvx7YhqbMcrJRrq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118788051">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50043928">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12035026z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12035026z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35444335">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0020315&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX869703">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p06901079X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Reade, Charles, 1814-1884"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000188256&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810705951105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/127288">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007274845105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058529782106706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/955015">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118788051.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118788051">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02853316X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bg2swp">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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