CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Jola people - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"2bd7e198-ca3d-442e-aa16-5ed26db66455","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Jola_people","wgTitle":"Jola people","wgCurRevisionId":1242910893,"wgRevisionId":1242910893,"wgArticleId":4443047,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with French-language sources (fr)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Short description matches Wikidata","\"Related ethnic groups\" needing confirmation","Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2023", "Commons category link from Wikidata","Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)","Jola people","Casamance"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Jola_people","wgRelevantArticleId":4443047,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1226906","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DiolaBaila.JPG/1200px-DiolaBaila.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DiolaBaila.JPG/800px-DiolaBaila.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DiolaBaila.JPG/640px-DiolaBaila.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Jola people - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jola_people"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jola_people"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Jola_people rootpage-Jola_people skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Jola+people" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Jola+people" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Jola+people" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Jola+people" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language_and_subgroups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_and_subgroups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Language and subgroups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_and_subgroups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ekonting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Ekonting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Galire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_musical_instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_musical_instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Other musical instruments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_musical_instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Jola_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Jola_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable Jola people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Jola_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jola people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diola" title="Diola – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Diola" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="جولائيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جولائيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diola" title="Diola – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Diola" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diola" title="Diola – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Diola" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diola" title="Diola – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Diola" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djoloj" title="Djoloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Djoloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diolas" title="Diolas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Diolas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Diola" title="Suku Diola – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Diola" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94" title="סנופו דיאולה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סנופו דיאולה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="ჯოლა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯოლა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B)" title="Диола (халық) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Диола (халық)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEolai" title="Džolai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Džolai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%B4l%C3%A0_(vahoaka)" title="Diôlà (vahoaka) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Diôlà (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="جولائيين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جولائيين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diola_(volk)" title="Diola (volk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Diola (volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%A9%E6%97%8F" title="ジョラ族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョラ族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diola" title="Diola – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Diola" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diola" title="Diola – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Diola" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Диола (народ) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Диола (народ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Ђола (народ) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ђола (народ)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diolat" title="Diolat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Diolat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jola" title="Jola – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jola" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Діола (народ) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Діола (народ)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joolaa_(askan)" title="Joolaa (askan) – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Joolaa (askan)" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1226906#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jola_people" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Jola_people" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jola_people"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jola_people"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Jola_people" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Jola_people" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&oldid=1242910893" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Jola_people&id=1242910893&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJola_people"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJola_people"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Jola_people&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Diola" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1226906" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group found in Senegal, The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Dyula_people" title="Dyula people">Dyula people</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Jola</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="dyo">Ajamat</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:DiolaBaila.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DiolaBaila.JPG/220px-DiolaBaila.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DiolaBaila.JPG/330px-DiolaBaila.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/DiolaBaila.JPG/440px-DiolaBaila.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Jola girls dancing</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">900,000<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">the Gambia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Senegal"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">687,852 (4%)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Gambia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">182,807 (10.5%)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Guinea-Bissau"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">6,000 (0.4%)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Jola_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jola language">Jola</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Creole" title="Guinea-Bissau Creole">Kriol</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Majority: <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-digitalcommons.butler.edu_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digitalcommons.butler.edu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Significant minority: <a href="/wiki/African_traditional_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="African traditional religion">African traditional religion</a> (Jola religion), <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a><sup id="cite_ref-digitalcommons.butler.edu_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digitalcommons.butler.edu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Serer_people" title="Serer people">Serer people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wolof_people" title="Wolof people">Wolof people</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Jola</b> or <b>Diola</b> (<a href="/wiki/Endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Endonym">endonym</a>: <b>Ajamat</b>) are an <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> found in <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">the Gambia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a>. Most Jola live in small villages scattered throughout Senegal, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Casamance" title="Casamance">Lower Casamance</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main dialect of the Jola language, <a href="/wiki/Jola-Fonyi_language" title="Jola-Fonyi language">Fogni</a>, is one of the six <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Senegal" title="Languages of Senegal">national languages of Senegal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Minahan_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minahan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their economy has been based on <a href="/wiki/Wet_rice" class="mw-redirect" title="Wet rice">wet rice</a> cultivation for at least one thousand years.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This system has been characterised "one of the most significant examples of 'agrarian civilizations' in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Jola probably reached the Lower Casamance region in the 14th century, assimilating the previous <a href="/wiki/Bainuk_people" title="Bainuk people">Bainuk people</a> and their rice tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-Peacock_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peacock-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In colonial times, the Jola began to cultivate <a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">peanuts</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">cash crop</a> in the drier forests.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other activities include <a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">palm wine</a> tapping, <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> collecting, livestock rearing and the production of other crops such as sweet potatoes, yams and watermelon.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The traditional religion of the Jola is <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animism</a>, which is practised through <a href="/wiki/Fetishism" title="Fetishism">fetishistic</a> rituals and ceremonies. However, the Jola populations living in well-connected areas have become <a href="/wiki/Islamized" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamized">Islamized</a> due to the influence of the nearby <a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Mandinka people</a>. As a result, many Jola no longer speak their own language and more than half are now Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the dominant cultures of West Africa, most Jola communities lack any social or political stratification, being organised into families or neighbourhoods. However, some communities have a central authority, a king, whose role resembles more that of a priest than of a traditional secular leader.<sup id="cite_ref-Peacock_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peacock-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most prominent Jola kingdom is in <a href="/wiki/Oussouye" title="Oussouye">Oussouye</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Peacock_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peacock-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the Muslim Jola, there is also the <a href="/wiki/Marabout" title="Marabout">marabout</a>, a religious leader and teacher. Traditional animist rituals are overseen by elders, who have an important role in Jola society. For Jola boys to attain manhood, they must take part in the initiation festival known as <i><a href="/wiki/Boukout" title="Boukout">futamp</a></i>, which takes place every 15 to 20 years in every Jola village. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>Jola</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Mandinka_language" title="Mandinka language">Mandinka</a> name for this ethnic group and means 'payback', since Jolas are renowned for doing back what has been done to them, be it a good or a bad deed. The name of the Jola tribe in their own language is Ajamat (singular) or Ajamataw (plural). <i>Diola</i> is the traditional <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a> in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, which is also very common in English sources. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_and_subgroups">Language and subgroups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Language and subgroups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Jola speak the <a href="/wiki/Jola_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jola language">Jola language</a>, which is divided into a variety of <a href="/wiki/Dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialects">dialects</a> which may not, at times, be mutually intelligible. These dialects correspond to the different Jola tribes: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banjaal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Banjaal language">Banjaal</a> spoken in a small area south of the <a href="/wiki/Casamance_River" title="Casamance River">Casamance River</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayot_language" title="Bayot language">Bayot</a> spoken around <a href="/wiki/Ziguinchor" title="Ziguinchor">Ziguinchor</a>.</li> <li>KuDiola spoken in a handful of villages south of <a href="/wiki/Oussouye" title="Oussouye">Oussouye</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jola-Fonyi_language" title="Jola-Fonyi language">Fogni</a> (Kujamaat) spoken around <a href="/wiki/Bignona" title="Bignona">Bignona</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gusilay_language" title="Gusilay language">Gusilay</a> spoken in the village of <a href="/wiki/Thionck_Essyl" title="Thionck Essyl">Thionck Essyl</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karon_language" title="Karon language">Karon</a> spoken along the coast of <a href="/wiki/Casamance" title="Casamance">Casamance</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Diouloulou" title="Diouloulou">Diouloulou</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasa_language" title="Kasa language">Kasa</a> spoken around <a href="/wiki/Oussouye" title="Oussouye">Oussouye</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaatay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwaatay language">Kuwaataay</a> spoken along the coast south of the <a href="/wiki/Casamance_River" title="Casamance River">Casamance River</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mlomp_language" title="Mlomp language">Mlomp</a> spoken in the village of Mlomp.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Overall, more than half of Jolas (54%) are Muslims. In Gambia, 90% of Jolas are Muslims. Some Jolas continue to follow their traditional religion and rituals in spite of the influence of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> in recent times.<sup id="cite_ref-digitalcommons.butler.edu_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digitalcommons.butler.edu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though some accepted Islam after the Soninke-Marabout war, they honour the traditional use of palm wine in their rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have one God that they associate with the natural phenomena like sky, rain, and the year, Emit or Ata Emit, literally, "To Whom Belongs The Universe" or "The Master-Owner Of The Universe".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have charms and sacred precincts that they honour and with which they communicate (but do not worship). The Jola people believe that spirits called <i>Bakin</i> or <i>Eneerti</i> (Mandinka <i>Jalang</i>) can protect their families, their villages, and their rice fields; and can even protect them from conversion to Islam and Christianity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Before the influence of Islam and Christianity in their ways of beliefs, all Jolas placed great respect in the proper observation of funeral ceremony, and still today some do, for they are of the belief that it enables the dead person's soul to go to its final destination to join his or her ancestors. It was and still is strongly accepted by those Jolas who still practice their ancestral religion that without performing these funeral sacred rites, the soul is prevented from entering the presence of the creator (Ata Amit), and the ancestors. Jolas believed strongly in living a good humanistic life in this world. They believe that if one lives a bad life in this world, when the person dies the soul of the dead person is punished to become an exile spirit with no bed to lie on. In the Jola Cassa subgroup this exile spirit is called a <i>Holowa</i>. This exile spirit becomes a roaming spirit with no respect from the other spirits. </p><p>Some Jola religious festivals include the <a href="/wiki/Samay_(mythology)" title="Samay (mythology)">Samay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kumpo" title="Kumpo">Kumpo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niasse" title="Niasse">Niasse</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AOF-Village_diola.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/AOF-Village_diola.JPG/220px-AOF-Village_diola.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/AOF-Village_diola.JPG/330px-AOF-Village_diola.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/AOF-Village_diola.JPG/440px-AOF-Village_diola.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1612" data-file-height="1053" /></a><figcaption>Jola village</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diola-1902.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Diola-1902.jpg/220px-Diola-1902.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Diola-1902.jpg/330px-Diola-1902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Diola-1902.jpg/440px-Diola-1902.jpg 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="690" /></a><figcaption>Diola (circa 1902)</figcaption></figure> <p>Unlike most ethnic groups of the Senegambian region, the Jola do not have a caste system of Jewelers<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Griot" title="Griot">griots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slaves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a>, leather workers, etc. Their communities are based on extended clan settlements normally large enough to be given independent names, including the Jola Karon, Jola Mlomp, Jola Elinnkin, Jola Caginol, Jola Huluf, Jola Jamat, Jola Joheyt, Jola Bayot, Jola Brin, Jola Seleky, Jola Kabrouse, Jola Jiwat, and Jola Foni.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jolas are also able herbal medicine practitioners. Their high adaptation to nature and the environment allowed them to be able to create a civilisation centred on music, natural medicine, and most important of all, rice cultivation, which they do effectively by using a locally made farming tool called the <a href="/wiki/Kajandu" title="Kajandu">kajando</a>. </p><p>Like some of the other indigenous ethnic groups of the Senegambian region—the Baga, the <a href="/wiki/Balanta_people" title="Balanta people">Balanta</a>, the Konyagi, etc.—the Jola ethnic group did not develop a political scale that expanded beyond village level compared to ethnic groups that migrated to the region like the Soninke and the Mandinka. But this does not mean they did not develop a sophisticated political system. The egalitarian nature of their societies (rare in most societies), structured around the limited village environment gave them the possibilities to develop a political system based on collective consciousness, which they worked through their initiation rites. In a sense, the Jolas' political achievement in the village was socialism. It was totally tied to their religious belief in the Bakin. This political achievement is not easy to reach if the society that runs it does not have well-defined rules of administration and penalties. Jolas have many traditional economic activities like fishing, farming groundnuts, tapping palm wine, and processing palm oil: their most intensive economic activity is rice cultivation, which is tied closely to their religion and social organization. Jolas are also palm oil manufacturers and palm wine tappers in the Senegambian region. They farm cows, pigs, goats, chickens, sheep and ducks. Jola crafts include basket weaving, pottery, and building.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elders are considered very important in Jola society and are believed to possess occult powers and guard societal traditions. In villages, a council of elders make many of the daily decisions for the community and exert much influence. Despite the patriarchal nature of Jola society, many women played major roles in the community and were often members in village councils, religious leaders, and landowners. Women are also important as cultivators of wet rice fields in which they predominated. Polygamy and genital mutilation are not practiced by the Jola although outside influence has made these more common in certain villages.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ekonting">Ekonting</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ekonting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89contine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/%C3%89contine.jpg/220px-%C3%89contine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/%C3%89contine.jpg/330px-%C3%89contine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/%C3%89contine.jpg/440px-%C3%89contine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="1417" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Akonting" title="Akonting">ekonting</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Akonting" title="Akonting">ekonting</a> is a three-string gourd instrument, the folk lute of the Jola people. It has an internal pass through body dowel stick with a round gourd body and its sound box is made of a hemispherical calabash, with a nailed goatskin. Before the invention of nails, palm tree thorns or wood pegs were used as nails. The three strings, which are attached to a long neck, today are nylon fishing line. Before, they were made of palm tree roots (Jola language: <span title="Atlantic–Congo languages romanization"><i lang="alv-Latn">kuhall kata kubekel</i></span>). The neck is a bamboo stick (Mandinka language: <span title="Mandinka-language romanization"><i lang="mnk-Latn">bangoe</i></span>) that passes through the calabash to the other side. A hole is made in the sound box to allow the sound to escape. The bridge of the ekonting is not fixed to its skin as many lutes are. It is free, and can be moved back and forth on the skin of the sound box and it is always held in position by the pressure of the strings when it is in playing position. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Galire">Galire</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Galire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The galire is a one-string instrument of the Jola of Thionck-Essyl, with its strings stretched across a single 1-meter curve made of fine mangrove wood. At first sight, it looks like a hunter's bow. It is played with one hand holding a flexible fine string (made of palm leaves) beating on the arc's string, while the other hand holds one end of the arc and adjusts the tune with the thumb. The other end of the arc rests in the mouth of the player, who sings. The vibration from the player's song on the string of the arc and the beating with the fine flexible string leads to the pleasant and characteristic sound of the galire. </p><p>The exile of young people to cities has led to the stark decline in usage of this traditional instrument among the Jola people of Casamance and the Gambia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_musical_instruments">Other musical instruments</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other musical instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below is a list of few Jola instruments. Note: The Jola language of Thionck Essyl is used to name them. Their names may differ somewhat in other <a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">villages</a>' <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>. </p> <ul><li>Bakiti: like two maracas without the <a href="/wiki/Handle" title="Handle">handle</a> attached with one <a href="/wiki/String_(structure)" title="String (structure)">cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougarabou" title="Bougarabou">Bougarabou</a></li> <li>Ediando: used by the women during initiation dances</li> <li>Efemme: a calebasse reversed in a container full of water. Used by women to improvise for or replace a drum when it's <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">raining</a>.</li> <li>Elere</li> <li>Emombi: used only during initiation - sacred and rarely seen - once each 20 to 30 years</li> <li>Etantang: used for Koumpo <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a> festivities</li> <li>Ewang: used during male initiation</li> <li>Fouindoum: <a href="/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">drum</a> used during initiation</li> <li>Gabilene: sound make with a <a href="/wiki/Horn_(anatomy)" title="Horn (anatomy)">horn</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Jola are widely considered the first inhabitants of the lower reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Casamance" title="Casamance">Casamance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gambia_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia river">Gambia rivers</a>. </p><p>The megaliths and stone circles of the area may have been built by the ancestors of the <a href="/wiki/Serer_people" title="Serer people">Serer people</a> or of the Jola.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Serer_or_Jola_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Serer_or_Jola-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around the 11th century, in response to a progressively drying climate, Jola farmers created a padi system for growing rice, impounding rain and stream water during the wet season in padis.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Serer and Jola people believe in a common ancestry and have a <a href="/wiki/Joking_relationship" title="Joking relationship">joking relationship</a> with each other which they assign to their ancient shared cultural heritage. According to <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_legend_of_Jamboo%C3%B1_and_Againe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The legend of Jambooñ and Againe (page does not exist)">the legend of Jambooñ and Againe</a> (an ancient Serer and Jola legend<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), two sisters boarded a <a href="/wiki/Pirogue" title="Pirogue">pirogue</a> with their parties. Due to <a href="/wiki/Natural_disaster" title="Natural disaster">act of nature</a>, the pirogue broke into half at <a href="/wiki/The_Point_of_Sangomar" class="mw-redirect" title="The Point of Sangomar">the Point of Sangomar</a>. Those who headed south became the ancestors of the Jola (descendants of Agaire) and those who headed north became the ancestors of the Serer people (descendants of Jambooñ).<sup id="cite_ref-Fan_Ndiaye_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fan_Ndiaye-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Point of Sangomar is one of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_holy_places" title="Category:Serer holy places">sacred Serer sites</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Jola_people">Notable Jola people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable Jola people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Goudiaby_Atepa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Goudiaby Atepa (page does not exist)">Pierre Goudiaby Atepa</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Goudiaby_Atepa" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre Goudiaby Atepa">fr</a>]</span>, architectural engineer in Senegal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Mendy_(footballer,_born_1994)" title="Alexandre Mendy (footballer, born 1994)">Alexander Mendy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alioune_Badara_Faty" title="Alioune Badara Faty">Alioune Badara Faty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostinho_C%C3%A1" title="Agostinho Cá">Agostinho Cá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baciro_Cand%C3%A9" title="Baciro Candé">Baciro Candé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakery_Jatta" title="Bakery Jatta">Bakery Jatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batista_Mendy" title="Batista Mendy">Batista Mendy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Andr%C3%A9" title="Benjamin André">Benjamin André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Davies" title="Charlie Davies">Charlie Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayot_Upamecano" title="Dayot Upamecano">Dayot Upamecano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dion_Lopy" title="Dion Lopy">Dion Lopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingas_Togna" title="Domingas Togna">Domingas Togna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebou_Adams" title="Ebou Adams">Ebou Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edelino_I%C3%A9" title="Edelino Ié">Edelino Ié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emiliano_T%C3%A9" title="Emiliano Té">Emiliano Té</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elhadji_Malick_Tall" title="Elhadji Malick Tall">Elhadji Malick Tall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Jakobs" title="Ismail Jakobs">Ismail Jakobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Bocand%C3%A9" title="Jules Bocandé">Jules Francois Bocandé</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruma_(footballer)" title="Bruma (footballer)">Bruma</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamadu_Cand%C3%A9" title="Mamadu Candé">Mamadu Candé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesca" title="Mesca">Mesca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gomez_(footballer)" title="James Gomez (footballer)">James Gomez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carew" title="John Carew">John Carew</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lopy" title="Joseph Lopy">Joseph Lopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maixent_Coly" title="Maixent Coly">Maixent Coly</a>, Bishop of Ziguinchor (1995–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansu_Fati" title="Ansu Fati">Ansu Fati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Faty" title="Jacques Faty">Jacques Faty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Faty" title="Ricardo Faty">Ricardo Faty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romain_Gall" title="Romain Gall">Romain Gall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_G%C3%B3mez" title="Arthur Gómez">Arthur Gómez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_G%C3%B3mez" title="Emmanuel Gómez">Emmanuel Gómez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_I%C3%A9" title="Edgar Ié">Edgar Ié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Jammeh" title="Yahya Jammeh">Yahya Jammeh</a>, President of <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">the Gambia</a> (July 1994 to 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maudo_Jarju%C3%A9" title="Maudo Jarjué">Maudo Jarjué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_Modou_Jagne" title="Pa Modou Jagne">Pa Modou Jagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suling_Jatta" title="Suling Jatta">Mansa Suling Jatta</a>, King of Kombo (Gambia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_King_(footballer)" title="Joshua King (footballer)">Joshua King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papis_Loveday" title="Papis Loveday">Papis Loveday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuha_Marong" title="Nuha Marong">Nuha Marong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arial_Mendy" title="Arial Mendy">Arial Mendy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-Tip_(musician)" title="Q-Tip (musician)">Q-Tip (musician)</a>, rapper from the band A Tribe Called Quest</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin_Sagna" title="Augustin Sagna">Augustin Sagna</a>, Bishop of Ziguinchor (1966–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacary_Sagna" title="Bacary Sagna">Bacary Sagna</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sagna" title="Robert Sagna">Robert Sagna</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Scott_(singer)" title="Jill Scott (singer)">Jill Scott</a>, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lang_Tombong_Tamba" title="Lang Tombong Tamba">Lang Tombong Tamba</a>, former army chief of staff of the Gambia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheck_Wes" title="Sheck Wes">Sheck Wes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opa_Sangant%C3%A9" title="Opa Sanganté">Opa Sanganté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Gaye" title="Omar Gaye">Omar Gaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piqueti" title="Piqueti">Piqueti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Ambri" title="Steve Ambri">Steve Ambri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Gomis" title="Virgil Gomis">Virgil Gomis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Manaf%C3%A1" title="Wilson Manafá">Wilson Manafá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zidane_Banjaqui" title="Zidane Banjaqui">Zidane Banjaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oumar_Niasse" title="Oumar Niasse">Oumar Niasse</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Mul%C3%A2tresse_Solitude" title="La Mulâtresse Solitude">La Mulâtresse Solitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Culture_Diola" title="Musée de la Culture Diola">Musée de la Culture Diola</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/32px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/48px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/64px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Senegal" title="Portal:Senegal">Senegal portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/32px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/48px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/64px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Gambia">Gambia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klein, Martin A. "Shrines of the Slave Trade: Diola Religion and Society in Precolonial Senegambia." The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 31.2 (Autumn 2000): 315. Accessed through <a href="/wiki/Gale_(Cengage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gale (Cengage)">Gale (Cengage)</a>, 6 Aug. 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/senegal-population">"Senegal Population 2021 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)"</a>. <i>worldpopulationreview.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldpopulationreview.com&rft.atitle=Senegal+Population+2021+%28Demographics%2C+Maps%2C+Graphs%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fcountries%2Fsenegal-population&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJola+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119145456/https://www.gbosdata.org/topics/population-and-demography/distribution-of-the-gambian-population-by-ethnicit">"Distribution of the Gambian population by ethnicity 1973,1983,1993,2003 and 2013 Censuses – GBoS"</a>. <i>www.gbosdata.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbosdata.org/topics/population-and-demography/distribution-of-the-gambian-population-by-ethnicit">the original</a> on 2021-11-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gbosdata.org&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+the+Gambian+population+by+ethnicity+1973%2C1983%2C1993%2C2003+and+2013+Censuses+%E2%80%93+GBoS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gbosdata.org%2Ftopics%2Fpopulation-and-demography%2Fdistribution-of-the-gambian-population-by-ethnicit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJola+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minorityrights.org/country/guinea-bissau/">"Guinea-Bissau | World Directory of Minorities & Indigenous Peoples"</a>. <i>Minority Rights Group</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minority+Rights+Group&rft.atitle=Guinea-Bissau+%7C+World+Directory+of+Minorities+%26+Indigenous+Peoples&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminorityrights.org%2Fcountry%2Fguinea-bissau%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJola+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-digitalcommons.butler.edu-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-digitalcommons.butler.edu_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-digitalcommons.butler.edu_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-digitalcommons.butler.edu_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1092&context=jiass">"Understanding the Personalistic Aspects of Jola Ethnomedicine"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Understanding+the+Personalistic+Aspects+of+Jola+Ethnomedicine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.butler.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1092%26context%3Djiass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJola+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olson-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Olson_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsonMeur1996" class="citation book cs1">Olson, James Stuart; Meur, Charles (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MdaAdBC-_S4C&pg=PA255"><i>The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 255–256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-27918-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-27918-8"><bdi>978-0-313-27918-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Peoples+of+Africa%3A+An+Ethnohistorical+Dictionary&rft.pages=255-256&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-313-27918-8&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=James+Stuart&rft.au=Meur%2C+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMdaAdBC-_S4C%26pg%3DPA255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJola+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minahan-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Minahan_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan2002" class="citation book cs1">Minahan, James (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfnWCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA397"><i>Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A–Z</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 397. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-07696-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-07696-1"><bdi>978-0-313-07696-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Stateless+Nations%3A+Ethnic+and+National+Groups+Around+the+World+A%E2%80%93Z&rft.pages=397&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-313-07696-1&rft.aulast=Minahan&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZfnWCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJola+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2009" class="citation journal cs1">Davidson, Joanna (2009). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"We Work Hard": Customary Imperatives of the Diola Work Regime in the Context of Environmental and Economic Change". <i>African Studies Review</i>. <b>52</b> (2): 119–141. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Farw.0.0179">10.1353/arw.0.0179</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-0206">0002-0206</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20638911">20638911</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144115501">144115501</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=%22We+Work+Hard%22%3A+Customary+Imperatives+of+the+Diola+Work+Regime+in+the+Context+of+Environmental+and+Economic+Change&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=119-141&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=0002-0206&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144115501%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20638911%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Farw.0.0179&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJola+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanéMeringCormier-SalemDiédhiou2018" class="citation journal cs1">Sané, Tidiane; Mering, Catherine; Cormier-Salem, Marie-Christine; Diédhiou, Ibrahima; Ba, Boubacar Demba; Diaw, Amadou Tahirou; Tine, Alfred Kouly (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.ird.fr/ird-02147673/file/Sane%20et%20al%20Terroirs%20rizicoles.pdf">"Permanences et mutations dans les terroirs rizicoles de Basse-Casamance (Sénégal)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Espace Géographique</i>. <b>47</b> (3): 201. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3917%2Feg.473.0201">10.3917/eg.473.0201</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Espace+G%C3%A9ographique&rft.atitle=Permanences+et+mutations+dans+les+terroirs+rizicoles+de+Basse-Casamance+%28S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal%29&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=201&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3917%2Feg.473.0201&rft.aulast=San%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Tidiane&rft.au=Mering%2C+Catherine&rft.au=Cormier-Salem%2C+Marie-Christine&rft.au=Di%C3%A9dhiou%2C+Ibrahima&rft.au=Ba%2C+Boubacar+Demba&rft.au=Diaw%2C+Amadou+Tahirou&rft.au=Tine%2C+Alfred+Kouly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.ird.fr%2Fird-02147673%2Ffile%2FSane%2520et%2520al%2520Terroirs%2520rizicoles.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJola+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peacock-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peacock_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peacock_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peacock_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeacockThorntonInman2007" class="citation book cs1">Peacock, James L.; Thornton, Patricia M.; Inman, Patrick B. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BSyL5XTfwncC&pg=PA165"><i>Identity Matters: Ethnic and Sectarian Conflict</i></a>. Berghahn Books. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-308-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-308-4"><bdi>978-1-84545-308-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Identity+Matters%3A+Ethnic+and+Sectarian+Conflict&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84545-308-4&rft.aulast=Peacock&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rft.au=Thornton%2C+Patricia+M.&rft.au=Inman%2C+Patrick+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBSyL5XTfwncC%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJola+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnörrKohl2016" class="citation book cs1">Knörr, Jacqueline; Kohl, Christoph (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZirfCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA102"><i>The Upper Guinea Coast in Global Perspective</i></a>. Berghahn Books. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78533-070-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78533-070-4"><bdi>978-1-78533-070-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Upper+Guinea+Coast+in+Global+Perspective&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-78533-070-4&rft.aulast=Kn%C3%B6rr&rft.aufirst=Jacqueline&rft.au=Kohl%2C+Christoph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZirfCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJola+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stride, G. T.; Ifeka, Caroline , <i>Peoples and empires of West Africa: <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a> in history, 1000–1800</i>, Africana Pub. Corp., 1971, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gambian Jola scholar <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shlomomusic.com/banjoancestors_jatta.htm"><b>Daniel Laemouahuma Jatta</b></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702011344/http://www.shlomomusic.com/banjoancestors_jatta.htm">Archived</a> 2018-07-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookrags.com/research/diola-religion-eorl-04/">See article J. David Sapir</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Patience_Sonko-Godwin" title="Patience Sonko-Godwin">Patience Sonko-Godwin</a>, <i>Ethnic groups of the Senegambia Region</i>, Banjul, Gambia 1986 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9983-86-001-5" title="Special:BookSources/9983-86-001-5">9983-86-001-5</a>,Ethnic Groups of the Gambia: A Brief History (1988),quoted by Daniel Laemouahuma Jatta</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Laemouahuma Jatta</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkutsch2005" class="citation book cs1">Skutsch, Carl, ed. (2005). <i>Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities</i>. New York: Routledge. p. 400. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57958-468-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-57958-468-3"><bdi>1-57958-468-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+World%27s+Minorities&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=400&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-57958-468-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJola+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gravrand" title="Henry Gravrand">Gravrand, Henry</a>, "La Civilisation Sereer - <i><a href="/wiki/Pangool" title="Pangool">Pangool</a></i>", Les Nouvelles Editions <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africaines</a> du <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, 1990, p 77, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7236-1055-1" title="Special:BookSources/2-7236-1055-1">2-7236-1055-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gambian Studies No. 17., "People of the Gambia. I. The Wolof with notes on the Serer and the Lebou", By David P. Gamble & Linda K. Salmon with Alhaji Hassan Njie, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> (1985)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Serer_or_Jola-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Serer_or_Jola_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Espie, Ian, "A thousand years of West African history: a handbook for teachers and students", Editors : J. F. Ade Ajayi, Ian Espie, Humanities Press (1972), p 134, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0391002171" title="Special:BookSources/0391002171">0391002171</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Becker, Charles: "Vestiges historiques, trémoins matériels du passé clans les pays sereer". Dakar. 1993. CNRS- ORS TO M <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_01/010014636.pdf">PDF</a> (Excerpt) (Retrieved : 28 June 2012)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughesDavid_Perfect2008" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, Arnold; David Perfect (2008). <i>Historical Dictionary of The Gambia</i> (4th revised ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. xix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810858251" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810858251"><bdi>978-0810858251</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+The+Gambia&rft.pages=xix&rft.edition=4th+revised&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0810858251&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft.au=David+Perfect&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJola+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stride, G. T.; Ifeka, Caroline , "Peoples and empires of West Africa: West Africa in history, 1000-1800", Africana Pub. Corp., 1971, p 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooke1985" class="citation journal cs1">Brooke, George E. (August 1985). "WESTERN AFRICA TO c1860 A.D. A PROVISIONAL HISTORICAL SCHW BASED ON CLIMATE PERIODS". <i>Indiana University African Studies Program</i>: 83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indiana+University+African+Studies+Program&rft.atitle=WESTERN+AFRICA+TO+c1860+A.D.+A+PROVISIONAL+HISTORICAL+SCHW+BASED+ON+CLIMATE+PERIODS&rft.pages=83&rft.date=1985-08&rft.aulast=Brooke&rft.aufirst=George+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJola+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to both Serer and Jola tradition, they trace their descend to Jambooñ (also spelt : Jambonge, Jambon, etc.) and Agaire (variantes : Ougeney, Eugeny, Eugene, etc.). For the legend of Jambooñ and Agaire, see : <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Ndiaye, Fata, "LA SAGA DU PEUPLE SERERE ET L’HISTOIRE DU SINE", Ethiopiques n°54 revue semestrielle de culture négro-africaine Nouvelle série volume 7, 2e semestre 1991 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ethiopiques.refer.sn/spip.php?article1245">"Le SIIN avant les Gelwaar"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195257/http://ethiopiques.refer.sn/spip.php?article1245">Archived</a> 2013-10-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> Taal, Ebou Momar, "Senegambian Ethnic Groups : Common Origins and Cultural Affinities Factors and Forces of National Unity, Peace and Stability", [in] <a href="/wiki/The_Point_(Gambia)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Point (Gambia)">The Point</a>, 2010 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/article/senegambian-ethnic-groups-common-origins-and-cultural-affinities-factors-and-forces-of-national-unit">thepoint.gm</a> (transitional error in Ebou Taal's work, line of descent is other way round)</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Fan_Ndiaye-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fan_Ndiaye_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Ndiaye, Fata, "LA SAGA DU PEUPLE SERERE ET L’HISTOIRE DU SINE", [in] Ethiopiques n°54 revue semestrielle de culture négro-africaine Nouvelle série volume 7, 2e semestre 1991 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ethiopiques.refer.sn/spip.php?article1245">"Le SIIN avant les Gelwaar"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195257/http://ethiopiques.refer.sn/spip.php?article1245">Archived</a> 2013-10-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Retrieved : 6 July 2012)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Diola" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Diola">Diola</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091210131718/http://www.senegalaisement.com/senegal/ethnies.html#diolas">Les Diolas</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060503182518/http://www.bondy.ird.fr/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_4/sci_hum/36875.pdf">Les jeunes Diola face à l'exode rural</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ikuska.com/Africa/Etnologia/Pueblos/Diola/">Diola</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myspace.com/akonting">Akonting, A West African Ancestor of the Banjo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shlomomusic.com/banjoancestors_akonting.htm">Banjo Ancestors: The Akonting and Buchundu Folk Lutes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070312024643/http://www.shlomomusic.com/banjoancestors_akonting.htm">Archived</a> 2007-03-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.virginia.edu/~ds8s/Kujamaat-Joola/">Folklore and Language materials collected in the 1960s among the Kujamaat Jóola (Diola Fogny)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_the_Gambia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Gambia" title="Template:Ethnic groups in the Gambia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Gambia" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in the Gambia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Gambia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in the Gambia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_the_Gambia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in the Gambia">Ethnic groups in the Gambia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aku_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aku people">Aku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bainuk_people" title="Bainuk people">Bainuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanta_people" title="Balanta people">Balanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassari_people" title="Bassari people">Bassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biafada_people" title="Biafada people">Biafada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakhanke_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakhanke people">Jakhanke</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Mandinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjak_people" title="Manjak people">Manjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankanya_people" title="Mankanya people">Mankanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_people" title="Serer people">Serer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Laalaa" title="Serer-Laalaa">Laalaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Ndut_people" title="Serer-Ndut people">Ndut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niominka_people" title="Niominka people">Niominka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Noon" title="Serer-Noon">Noon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palor_people" title="Palor people">Palor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saafi_people" title="Saafi people">Saafi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soninke_people" title="Soninke people">Soninke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolof_people" title="Wolof people">Wolof</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/16px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/24px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/32px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_Gambia" title="Portal:The Gambia">The Gambia portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Guinea-Bissau" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Guinea-Bissau"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Guinea-Bissau"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Guinea-Bissau"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Guinea-Bissau" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guinea-Bissau#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Guinea-Bissau">Ethnic groups in Guinea-Bissau</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bainuk_people" title="Bainuk people">Bainuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanta_people" title="Balanta people">Balanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassari_people" title="Bassari people">Bassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biafada_people" title="Biafada people">Biafada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landuma_people" title="Landuma people">Landuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Mandinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjak_people" title="Manjak people">Manjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankanya_people" title="Mankanya people">Mankanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalu_people" title="Nalu people">Nalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papel_people" title="Papel people">Papel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guineans" title="Portuguese Guineans">Portuguese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Senegal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Senegal" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Senegal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Senegal" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Senegal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Senegal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Senegal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Senegal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Senegal" title="Ethnic groups in Senegal">Ethnic groups in Senegal</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bainuk_people" title="Bainuk people">Bainuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanta_people" title="Balanta people">Balanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassari_people" title="Bassari people">Bassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedick_people" title="Bedick people">Bedick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biafada_people" title="Biafada people">Biafada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyula_people" title="Dyula people">Dyula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakhanke_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakhanke people">Jakhanke</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoninka_people" title="Karoninka people">Karoninka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyagui_people" title="Konyagui people">Konyagui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebu_people" title="Lebu people">Lebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Mandinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjak_people" title="Manjak people">Manjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankanya_people" title="Mankanya people">Mankanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papel_people" title="Papel people">Papel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_people" title="Serer people">Serer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Laalaa" title="Serer-Laalaa">Laalaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Ndut_people" title="Serer-Ndut people">Ndut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niominka_people" title="Niominka people">Niominka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Noon" title="Serer-Noon">Noon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palor_people" title="Palor people">Palor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saafi_people" title="Saafi people">Saafi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soninke_people" title="Soninke people">Soninke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susu_people" title="Susu people">Susu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toucouleur_people" title="Toucouleur people">Toucouleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolof_people" title="Wolof people">Wolof</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Serer_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Serer_topics" title="Template:Serer topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Serer_topics" title="Template talk:Serer topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Serer_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Serer topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Serer_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Serer_people" title="Serer people">Serer</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_people" title="Category:Serer people">Peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Laalaa" title="Serer-Laalaa">Laalaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Ndut_people" title="Serer-Ndut people">Ndut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niominka_people" title="Niominka people">Niominka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer-Noon" title="Serer-Noon">Noon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palor_people" title="Palor people">Palor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saafi_people" title="Saafi people">Saafi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seex_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seex people (page does not exist)">Seex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_religion" title="Category:Serer religion">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cii%C9%97_(Serer_religion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciiɗ (Serer religion) (page does not exist)">Ciiɗ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndut_initiation_rite" title="Ndut initiation rite">Classical Ndut teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_creation_myth" title="Serer creation myth">Creation myth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_Serer_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criticism of Serer religion (page does not exist)">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Serer_festivals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Serer festivals (page does not exist)">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaaniiw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaaniiw (page does not exist)">Jaaniiw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junjung" title="Junjung">Junjung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamane" title="Lamane">Lamane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangool" title="Pangool">Pangool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_religion" title="Serer religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sadax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadax (page does not exist)">Sadax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltigue" title="Saltigue">Saltigue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer_symbolism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serer symbolism (page does not exist)">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Role_of_women_in_Serer_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Role of women in Serer religion (page does not exist)">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xooy" title="Xooy">Xooy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_deities" title="Category:Serer deities">Supreme deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokh_Kox" title="Kokh Kox">Kokh Kox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koox" class="mw-redirect" title="Koox">Koox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kop%C3%A9_Tiatie_Cac" title="Kopé Tiatie Cac">Kopé Tiatie Cac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roog" title="Roog">Roog (main)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumba_Njaay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumba Njaay (page does not exist)">Kumba Njaay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takhar" title="Takhar">Takhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiurakh" title="Tiurakh">Tiurakh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_holy_places" title="Category:Serer holy places">Sacred sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatick" title="Fatick">Fatick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sine_River" title="Sine River">Sine River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sine-Saloum" title="Sine-Saloum">Sine-Saloum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somb" title="Somb">Somb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_Sangomar" title="Point of Sangomar">Point of Sangomar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattaguine" title="Tattaguine">Tattaguine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukar" title="Tukar">Tukar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaboyabo" title="Yaboyabo">Yaboyabo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_history" title="Category:Serer history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Godomat" title="Amar Godomat">Amar Godomat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cekeen_Tumuli" title="Cekeen Tumuli">Cekeen Tumuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasso" title="Khasso">Khasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baol" title="Baol">Kingdom of Baol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biffeche" title="Biffeche">Kingdom of Biffeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saloum" title="Saloum">kingdom of Saloum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sine" title="Kingdom of Sine">Kingdom of Sine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_prehistory" title="Serer prehistory">Serer prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_history" title="Serer history">Serer history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_headed_by_Serer_Lamanes" title="States headed by Serer Lamanes">States headed by Serer Lamanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fandane-Thiouthioune" title="Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune">Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Logand%C3%A8me" title="Battle of Logandème">Battle of Logandème</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Serer_history" title="Timeline of Serer history">Timeline of Serer history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_country" title="Category:Serer country">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Gambia" title="Demographics of the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Mauritania" title="Demographics of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Senegal" title="Demographics of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serer_country&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serer country (page does not exist)">Serer country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_language" title="Category:Serer language">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangin_languages" title="Cangin languages">Cangin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laalaa_language" title="Laalaa language">Lehar/Laalaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndut_language" title="Ndut language">Ndut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noon_language" title="Noon language">Noon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palor_language" title="Palor language">Palor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safen_language" title="Safen language">Safen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_language" title="Serer language">Serer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birth_in_Serer_society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birth in Serer society (page does not exist)">Birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiere" title="Thiere">Saadj (or Chere or saay)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_in_Serer_society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Death in Serer society (page does not exist)">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inheritance_in_Serer_society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inheritance in Serer society (page does not exist)">Inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marriage_in_Serer_society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marriage in Serer society (page does not exist)">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbalax" title="Mbalax">Mbalax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njuup" title="Njuup">Njuup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabar" title="Sabar">Sabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_drum" title="Talking drum">Tama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tassu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tassu (page does not exist)">Tassu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_wrestling" title="Senegalese wrestling">Njom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_royalty" title="Category:Serer royalty">Royalty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Maad" title="Category:Maad">Kings</a> (<i>Maad</i>) and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Lamane" title="Category:Lamane">Lamanes</a> (ancient kings / landowners)</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamane_Jegan_Joof" title="Lamane Jegan Joof">Lamane Jegan Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Kumba_Ndoffene_Famak_Joof" title="Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof">Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Kumba_Ndoffene_Famak_Joof" title="Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof">Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Kumba_Ndoffene_Fa_Ndeb_Joof" title="Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof">Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Mahecor_Joof" title="Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof">Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Maysa_Wali_Jaxateh_Manneh" title="Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh">Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig_Ama_Joof_Gnilane_Faye_Joof" title="Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof">Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_Ndaah_Njemeh_Joof" title="Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof">Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_Semou_Njekeh_Joof" title="Maad Semou Njekeh Joof">Maad Semou Njekeh Joof</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Lingeer" title="Category:Lingeer">Queens & Queen Mothers</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingeer_Fatim_Beye" title="Lingeer Fatim Beye">Lingeer Fatim Beye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingeer_Ndoye_Demba" title="Lingeer Ndoye Demba">Lingeer Ndoye Demba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingeer_Ngon%C3%A9_Di%C3%A8ye" title="Lingeer Ngoné Dièye">Lingeer Ngoné Dièye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingeer_Selbeh_Ndoffene_Joof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingeer Selbeh Ndoffene Joof (page does not exist)">Lingeer Selbeh Ndoffene Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_maternal_clans" title="Serer maternal clans">Serer maternal clans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dynasties and<br />royal houses</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_family" title="Faye family">Faye family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelowar" title="Guelowar">Guelowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joof_family" title="Joof family">Joof family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joos_Maternal_Dynasty" title="Joos Maternal Dynasty">Joos Maternal Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_House_of_Boureh_Gnilane_Joof" title="The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof">The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_House_of_Jogo_Siga_Joof" title="The Royal House of Jogo Siga Joof">The Royal House of Jogo Siga Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_House_of_Semou_Njekeh_Joof" title="The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof">The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Serer_families" title="Category:Serer families">Families</a> and<br />royal titles</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buumi" title="Buumi">Buumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_family" title="Faye family">Faye family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joof_family" title="Joof family">Joof family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamane" title="Lamane">Lamane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingeer" title="Lingeer">Lingeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loul" title="Loul">Loul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad" title="Maad">Maad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_Saloum" title="Maad Saloum">Maad Saloum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maad_a_Sinig" title="Maad a Sinig">Maad a Sinig</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngum_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngum family (page does not exist)">Ngum family</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Njie_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Njie family (page does not exist)">Njie family</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarr_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarr family (page does not exist)">Sarr family</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sene_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sene family (page does not exist)">Sene family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teigne" title="Teigne">Teigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thilas" title="Thilas">Thilas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jola people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebu_people" title="Lebu people">Lebu people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toucouleur_people" title="Toucouleur people">Toucouleur people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolof_people" title="Wolof people">Wolof people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1226906#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1226906#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1226906#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85038110">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11944021m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11944021m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555309505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027387291">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&oldid=1242910893">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&oldid=1242910893</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jola_people" title="Category:Jola people">Jola people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Casamance" title="Category:Casamance">Casamance</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:Articles with French-language sources (fr)">Articles with French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%22Related_ethnic_groups%22_needing_confirmation" title="Category:"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation">"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_infobox_ethnic_group_with_image_parameters" title="Category:Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters">Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2013" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_December_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2023">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)">Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 August 2024, at 12:18<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jola_people&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-vmqrn","wgBackendResponseTime":229,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.927","walltime":"1.138","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4181,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":104401,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6577,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":103121,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 985.113 1 -total"," 30.34% 298.917 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.08% 158.419 8 Template:Navbox"," 14.37% 141.547 4 Template:Cite_web"," 13.52% 133.190 2 Template:Transliteration"," 12.37% 121.817 1 Template:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Gambia"," 11.83% 116.515 2 Template:Short_description"," 8.11% 79.915 1 Template:Infobox_ethnic_group"," 5.44% 53.631 4 Template:Pagetype"," 5.22% 51.399 17 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.580","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16839815,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-565f7699fc-zp22f","timestamp":"20241125150137","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Jola people","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jola_people","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1226906","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1226906","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-03-19T11:58:05Z","dateModified":"2024-08-29T12:18:05Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0d\/DiolaBaila.JPG","headline":"ethnic group"}</script> </body> </html>