CINXE.COM

Opinions of the Court - 2024

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head id="ctl00_ctl00_Head1"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="txt/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery-3.7.1.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <link href="/assets/fontawesome/css/fontawesome.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="/assets/fontawesome/css/brands.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="/assets/fontawesome/css/solid.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/bootstrap.min.css" /> <link rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/styles/newBootStrap2.css" /> <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries --> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="/js/html5shiv.js"></script> <script src="/js/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <!--[if lt IE 8]> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap-ie7.css"> <![endif]--> <meta name="title" content="2008 Term Opinions of the Court" /> <meta name="created" content='12/31/1600 7:00:00 PM' /> <meta name="revised" content='12/31/1600 7:00:00 PM' /> <meta name="keywords" content="Supreme Court of the United States, Supreme Court, Supreme Court of US, Supremecourt, United State Supreme Court, US Supreme Court, U.S. Supreme Court, Court, Opinions, Slip Opinions" /> <style type="text/css"> .buttonbox { display: block; width: 100%; border: solid thin #aaa; border-radius: 5px; padding: 10px 5px 10px 5px; margin-top: 10px; } .accordion-toggle:hover { text-decoration: none; } .card-heading { background-color: #f4ecd1; background-image: none; border: solid thin #ddd; padding: 10px 15px; } .card-body { border: solid thin #ddd; padding: 15px; } .card { border-radius: 0; } </style> <style type='text/css'> #subheader { background-image: url('../../images/banners/Opinions_l.jpg'); background-size: cover; background-position:top; background-repeat: no-repeat; } </style> <style type="text/css"> </style> <title> Opinions of the Court - 2024 </title> <script>(window.BOOMR_mq=window.BOOMR_mq||[]).push(["addVar",{"rua.upush":"false","rua.cpush":"false","rua.upre":"false","rua.cpre":"false","rua.uprl":"false","rua.cprl":"false","rua.cprf":"false","rua.trans":"","rua.cook":"false","rua.ims":"false","rua.ufprl":"false","rua.cfprl":"false","rua.isuxp":"false","rua.texp":"norulematch","rua.ceh":"false","rua.ueh":"false","rua.ieh.st":"0"}]);</script> <script>!function(e){var n="https://s.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/";if("False"=="True")e.BOOMR_config=e.BOOMR_config||{},e.BOOMR_config.PageParams=e.BOOMR_config.PageParams||{},e.BOOMR_config.PageParams.pci=!0,n="https://s2.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/";if(window.BOOMR_API_key="T5V7Y-Q8M8U-BKDFY-XWX7C-XPH3U",function(){function e(){if(!o){var e=document.createElement("script");e.id="boomr-scr-as",e.src=window.BOOMR.url,e.async=!0,i.parentNode.appendChild(e),o=!0}}function t(e){o=!0;var n,t,a,r,d=document,O=window;if(window.BOOMR.snippetMethod=e?"if":"i",t=function(e,n){var t=d.createElement("script");t.id=n||"boomr-if-as",t.src=window.BOOMR.url,BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),e=e||d.body,e.appendChild(t)},!window.addEventListener&&window.attachEvent&&navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE [67]\./))return window.BOOMR.snippetMethod="s",void t(i.parentNode,"boomr-async");a=document.createElement("IFRAME"),a.src="about:blank",a.title="",a.role="presentation",a.loading="eager",r=(a.frameElement||a).style,r.width=0,r.height=0,r.border=0,r.display="none",i.parentNode.appendChild(a);try{O=a.contentWindow,d=O.document.open()}catch(_){n=document.domain,a.src="javascript:var d=document.open();d.domain='"+n+"';void(0);",O=a.contentWindow,d=O.document.open()}if(n)d._boomrl=function(){this.domain=n,t()},d.write("<bo"+"dy onload='document._boomrl();'>");else if(O._boomrl=function(){t()},O.addEventListener)O.addEventListener("load",O._boomrl,!1);else if(O.attachEvent)O.attachEvent("onload",O._boomrl);d.close()}function a(e){window.BOOMR_onload=e&&e.timeStamp||(new Date).getTime()}if(!window.BOOMR||!window.BOOMR.version&&!window.BOOMR.snippetExecuted){window.BOOMR=window.BOOMR||{},window.BOOMR.snippetStart=(new Date).getTime(),window.BOOMR.snippetExecuted=!0,window.BOOMR.snippetVersion=12,window.BOOMR.url=n+"T5V7Y-Q8M8U-BKDFY-XWX7C-XPH3U";var i=document.currentScript||document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o=!1,r=document.createElement("link");if(r.relList&&"function"==typeof r.relList.supports&&r.relList.supports("preload")&&"as"in r)window.BOOMR.snippetMethod="p",r.href=window.BOOMR.url,r.rel="preload",r.as="script",r.addEventListener("load",e),r.addEventListener("error",function(){t(!0)}),setTimeout(function(){if(!o)t(!0)},3e3),BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),i.parentNode.appendChild(r);else t(!1);if(window.addEventListener)window.addEventListener("load",a,!1);else if(window.attachEvent)window.attachEvent("onload",a)}}(),"".length>0)if(e&&"performance"in e&&e.performance&&"function"==typeof e.performance.setResourceTimingBufferSize)e.performance.setResourceTimingBufferSize();!function(){if(BOOMR=e.BOOMR||{},BOOMR.plugins=BOOMR.plugins||{},!BOOMR.plugins.AK){var n=""=="true"?1:0,t="",a="bdpnbevydtvtez7h5wla-f-b6aa7547a-clientnsv4-s.akamaihd.net",i="false"=="true"?2:1,o={"ak.v":"39","ak.cp":"81816","ak.ai":parseInt("165722",10),"ak.ol":"0","ak.cr":0,"ak.ipv":4,"ak.proto":"http/1.1","ak.rid":"fdfb8616","ak.r":41870,"ak.a2":n,"ak.m":"dsca","ak.n":"essl","ak.bpcip":"8.222.208.0","ak.cport":56172,"ak.gh":"184.28.235.69","ak.quicv":"","ak.tlsv":"tls1.2","ak.0rtt":"","ak.0rtt.ed":"","ak.csrc":"-","ak.acc":"reno","ak.t":"1743252886","ak.ak":"hOBiQwZUYzCg5VSAfCLimQ==tfMP1B3hVnea2E7fMFdQuvgpkuF5kmz4zGnCLAmJaDIubhrnKJVezgyWvQ28aVa8/2EXw7REA+iLgvtLbh5Sxdt51LxzdOKsxfLc/3UdJQFGS2tgSnOz3MdHFrNNyogRoBtkv8WkNbllS+N17ueDuGtNzIAMUBs4SGE9b+aZpRRNbZkF8ZFad5L0RavQUauf9SlPzSiNV0YPiGDkandz0wsf6DFsfDud0JIdppYoIPS734uxeflacm8Hxv6qCZwD6VxMD8+jnRPXmUwyOe+3Z+TcSfMfoGxqPguU4fSG0+w7jhIRiVz5mgqkzTfv1yH9zKlSGJiAHb4YuAb8BKhiHDsItz43n5I5EEn5Ura2BBIfE05YARiFhWEOHP0MwhV6BZerJkqEQPblxTr5JSl155ubN7qcO4SXLQv547iWZNM=","ak.pv":"152","ak.dpoabenc":"","ak.tf":i};if(""!==t)o["ak.ruds"]=t;var r={i:!1,av:function(n){var t="http.initiator";if(n&&(!n[t]||"spa_hard"===n[t]))o["ak.feo"]=void 0!==e.aFeoApplied?1:0,BOOMR.addVar(o)},rv:function(){var e=["ak.bpcip","ak.cport","ak.cr","ak.csrc","ak.gh","ak.ipv","ak.m","ak.n","ak.ol","ak.proto","ak.quicv","ak.tlsv","ak.0rtt","ak.0rtt.ed","ak.r","ak.acc","ak.t","ak.tf"];BOOMR.removeVar(e)}};BOOMR.plugins.AK={akVars:o,akDNSPreFetchDomain:a,init:function(){if(!r.i){var e=BOOMR.subscribe;e("before_beacon",r.av,null,null),e("onbeacon",r.rv,null,null),r.i=!0}return this},is_complete:function(){return!0}}}}()}(window);</script></head> <body> <form method="post" action="./24" onsubmit="javascript:return WebForm_OnSubmit();" onkeypress="javascript:return WebForm_FireDefaultButton(event, 'ctl00_ctl00_cmdSearch')" id="aspnetForm"> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00_ctl00_RadScriptManager1_TSM" id="ctl00_ctl00_RadScriptManager1_TSM" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTTARGET" id="__EVENTTARGET" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTARGUMENT" id="__EVENTARGUMENT" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="UOa6ek/XyDvAc1krr2etK3wOAphTNeAOkabxXL33cNP71KmPOK7a4mO7Ge6JKKLq2O0IumeasOw6ZK/l0EATWgEBvRaTLtUpP67C4blIHv0t0u2PdiOWneLlIulXSREi" /> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var theForm = document.forms['aspnetForm']; if (!theForm) { theForm = document.aspnetForm; } function __doPostBack(eventTarget, eventArgument) { if (!theForm.onsubmit || (theForm.onsubmit() != false)) { theForm.__EVENTTARGET.value = eventTarget; theForm.__EVENTARGUMENT.value = eventArgument; theForm.submit(); } } //]]> </script> <script src="/WebResource.axd?d=pynGkmcFUV13He1Qd6_TZGVbOm9V68oIIktI_W7Deic6ylHZhBcO0DPfFNaFgt6K56r_Ei_L1R3fS8qPL3MKAQ2&amp;t=638563127773552689" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=nv7asgRUU0tRmHNR2D6t1Mz6ZxijnNM9P9Qe9uddzuQox2IiojG5k5o-qBJoG7Dte7hbvoCbRBuRPeHeZyRwpX5LxES8-RopBt8-Md8MvNAZC1XK3f6rj17R5SQNmwNnKj_Fve60SE18feZoCEb2Yw2&amp;t=7266186d" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=NJmAwtEo3Ipnlaxl6CMhvmuOxwpGTiZDQUKUSQ0GJXlc_N94PRrLubhgQjXGeYyK6eg2q0lJpBRVlV22H3tQZBJ0tKkQVu7D8X_yVMBkyG0uw4Mer8YHMtA97QWWJftIqd4mQKOus8eB12IMDwNyXPuiq85CTWiL12yTPBVlD-c1&amp;t=ffffffffc820c398" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=dwY9oWetJoJoVpgL6Zq8OEccqz_Egf-TYIz96cui_vFcq4Gt8GKakz2FbNaWKIpV5ry-0BEqQwzelSp6HUxELPBBiLgnxMeIUzWE-yNJgzdylygW-Mrg5gTui1xCF9JPXMSWshiid6TkbCr-jwCEPjsJAW0Nzeq6yiG5ZblKTOk1&amp;t=ffffffffc820c398" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/WebResource.axd?d=JoBkLzP19aTuxbWOhHobYsa30HvStoJLmW0EUzyYHJhRhK8cvVYfDS9nHruKQgTxhM0JzZn77-vUVCXyHe4QLg2&amp;t=638563127773552689" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ function WebForm_OnSubmit() { if (typeof(ValidatorOnSubmit) == "function" && ValidatorOnSubmit() == false) return false; return true; } //]]> </script> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" value="CF2965E9" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTVALIDATION" id="__EVENTVALIDATION" value="e/5+dlNIVaUNBOTFH7hGJC4E3nY3V2HDLmAIEtA0JyW4SXFrt3IAdG6olJ0BvGBBmNKZ3AfFxtkwmVRTGncLLeY1yQZO9s+SxvnTavYPeVgDSte/YYV3tzpHHml1lwmyVQbG6NuapaWew5xmwNyOdxqosyo0MzyUa1s+758k4ydp8nwDfC0Tnmg8mocZebv6" /> </div> <div class="noindex"> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager._initialize('ctl00$ctl00$RadScriptManager1', 'aspnetForm', ['tctl00$ctl00$MainEditable$mainContent$upButtons',''], [], [], 90, 'ctl00$ctl00'); //]]> </script> </div> <div id="pagewrapper" class="container-fluid" style="background-color: #222f37;"> <div class="container"> <div class="noindex"> <div class="row bannerStyle"> <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_hypSealLink" href="../../"><img id="ctl00_ctl00_imgSeal" class="img-responsive SCUSSeal" src="../../images/scous_seal.png" alt="Supreme Court of the United States" /></a> <br /> </div> <div id="searchbox" class="col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12" style="font-size: 9pt; padding: 20px 0 20px 0;"> <div id="ctl00_ctl00_pnlSearch"> <table style="width: 100%;"> <tr> <td> <div class="input-group" style="padding: 15px 20px 0 0;"> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$txtSearch" type="text" id="ctl00_ctl00_txtSearch" class="form-control input-lg" placeholder="Search Site for..." /> <span class="input-group-btn"> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_cmdSearch" title="Search" class="btn btn-default input-lg" href="javascript:WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions(&quot;ctl00$ctl00$cmdSearch&quot;, &quot;&quot;, true, &quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;, false, true))"><i class="fa fa-search" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 24pt; vertical-align: middle;"></i></a> </span> </div> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_hypSearchHelp" href="../../search_help.aspx" style="font-size:small; color: #d9be65;">SEARCH TIPS</a> <span id="ctl00_ctl00_RegularExpressionValidator2" style="display:inline-block;color:Red;height:20px;visibility:hidden;">Search term too short </span> <span id="ctl00_ctl00_SearchVal" style="display:inline-block;color:Red;height:20px;visibility:hidden;">Invalid text in search term. Try again</span> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$txbhidden" type="text" id="ctl00_ctl00_txbhidden" style="visibility: hidden; display: none;" /> </td> <td nowrap style="line-height: 200%;"> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_SearchCenter" href="../../search_center.aspx" style="font-size:small; color: #d9be65;">ADVANCED SEARCH</a><br /> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_SearchDocket" NavigateUrl="~/docket/docket.aspx" href="javascript:WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions(&quot;ctl00$ctl00$SearchDocket&quot;, &quot;&quot;, true, &quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;, false, true))" style="font-size:small; color: #d9be65;">DOCKET SEARCH</a> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="text-right" style="margin-right:20px;"> <div id="searchboxheader" style="padding: 20px;"> <a style="color: #fff;" onclick="toggleSearchshow(); return false;" title="Search"><i class="fa fa-search" style="font-size: 18pt;"></i> Search</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="navbg"> <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse" role="navigation"> <div class="container"> <!-- menu starts here --> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> <div class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="dropdown"> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink5" class="dropdown-toggle" href="../opinions.aspx">OPINIONS</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink30" href="24">Opinions of the Court</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink31" href="../relatingtoorders/24">Opinions Relating to Orders</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink32" href="../in-chambers.aspx">In-Chambers Opinions</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink35" href="../USReports.aspx">U. S. Reports</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink37" href="../urls_cited.aspx">Online Sources Cited in Opinions</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink36" href="../../media/media.aspx">Media Files Cited in Opinions</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink34" href="../casefinder.aspx">Case Citation Finder</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink69" class="dropdown-toggle" href="../../filingandrules/">FILING & RULES</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink44" href="../../filingandrules/electronicfiling.aspx">Electronic Filing</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink3" href="../../filingandrules/rules_guidance.aspx">Rules and Guidance</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink2" href="../../filingandrules/supremecourtbar.aspx">Supreme Court Bar</a> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_hl" class="dropdown-toggle" href="../../oral_arguments/oral_arguments.aspx">ORAL ARGUMENTS</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink13" href="../../oral_arguments/argument_transcript.aspx">Argument Transcripts</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink14" href="../../oral_arguments/argument_audio.aspx">Argument Audio</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink6" href="../../oral_arguments/calendarsandlists.aspx">Calendars and Lists</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink8" href="../../oral_arguments/courtroomseating.aspx">Courtroom Seating</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink41" class="dropdown-toggle" href="../../case_documents.aspx">CASE DOCUMENTS</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_hypdocket" href="../../docket/docket.aspx">Docket Search</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_hypOrdersOfCourt" href="../../orders/ordersofthecourt/24">Orders of the Court</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink67" href="../../orders/ordersbycircuit.aspx">Orders by Circuit</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink68" href="../../orders/grantednotedlists.aspx">Granted/Noted Cases List</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink39" href="../../orders/journal.aspx">Journal</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_hypCourtInfo" class="dropdown-toggle" href="../../publicinfo/publicinfo.aspx">NEWS MEDIA</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperlinkServices" href="../../publicinfo/PIOServices.pdf" target="_blank">Services for News Media</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_Hyperlink57" href="../../publicinfo/press/pressreleases.aspx">Press Releases</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_Hyperlink58" href="../../publicinfo/media/mediaadvisories.aspx">Media Advisories</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_Hyperlink61" href="../../publicinfo/press/presscredentials.aspx">Press Credentials</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_Hyperlink59" href="../../publicinfo/speeches/speeches.aspx">Speeches</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_Hyperlink62" href="../../publicinfo/reportersguide.pdf" target="_blank">A Reporter's Guide to Applications</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_Hyperlink60" href="../../publicinfo/year-end/year-endreports.aspx">Chief Justice's Year-End Reports on the Federal Judiciary</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_hypAboutCourt" class="dropdown-toggle" href="../../about/about.aspx">ABOUT</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_Hyperlink4" href="../../about/justices.aspx">Justices</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_Hyperlink10" href="../../about/courtatwork.aspx">Supreme Court at Work</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_Hyperlink1" href="../../about/code-of-conduct-for-justices.aspx">Code of Conduct for Justices</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_Hyperlink7" href="../../about/historyandtraditions.aspx">History and Traditions</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_Hyperlink49" href="../../about/courtbuilding.aspx">The Supreme Court Building</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_hypbuildingregulation" href="../../about/buildingregulations.aspx">Building Regulations</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_Hyperlink45" href="../../about/faq.aspx">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_hypVisit" class="dropdown-toggle" href="../../visiting/visiting.aspx">VISIT</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_hypHoursDirection" href="../../visiting/hoursanddirections.aspx">Hours & Directions</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_hypProhibitedItems" href="../../visiting/prohibited-items.aspx">Prohibited Items</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HypAccessibility" href="../../visiting/accessibility.aspx">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_hypWhatCanI" href="../../visiting/whatcaniseeanddo.aspx">What Can I See and Do?</a> </li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink9" href="../../visiting/exhibition.aspx">Exhibitions</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HyperLink11" href="../../visiting/activities.aspx">Activities for Students & Families</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HypMapsBrochures" href="../../visiting/mapsandbrochures.aspx">Maps & Brochures</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HypSchool" href="../../visiting/schoolgroups.aspx">Student Group Visits</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HypEtiquette" href="../../visiting/etiquette.aspx">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucNewMenu1_HypBuildingAmenities" href="../../visiting/buildingamenities.aspx">Café & Building Amenities</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- menu ends here --> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="subheader"> <div id="bcbg"> <div class="container"> <div id="sitemappath"> <span id="ctl00_ctl00_SiteMapPath1" style="background-color:Transparent;"><a href="#ctl00_ctl00_SiteMapPath1_SkipLink"><img alt="Skip Navigation Links" src="/WebResource.axd?d=rKN1opQVoh180LaGjXZZkBsQr3aHPJ_g7uw8DO5K0ij-JlcZayPJHdV07ynr0n4L-6aIlBBmio6GGDIDvsO40Q2&amp;t=638563127773552689" width="0" height="0" style="border-width:0px;" /></a><span><span style='padding-right: 10px;'><a title='Supreme Court Home' href='/' style='color:#fff;'>Home</a></span><span style='color:#fff;font-weight:bold; padding-right: 10px;'> > </span><span style='padding-right: 10px;'><a title='Opinions' href='/opinions/opinions.aspx' style='color:#fff;font-size: 24pt;'>Opinions</a></span><span style=color:#fff;font-weight:bold; padding-right: 10px;'> > </span><span style='color:#fff;'>Opinions of the Court - 2024</span></span><a id="ctl00_ctl00_SiteMapPath1_SkipLink"></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <span id="ctl00_ctl00_lbltemp"></span><br /> <div class="col-md-3" style="padding-top: 20px;"> <div id="sidenavheader"> <button class="btn btn-default" onclick="toggleMenushow(); return false;" title="Section Menu"><i class="fa fa-bars" style="font-size: 14pt;"></i></button> </div> <div id="sidenavbody"> <div id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_pnlsidemenu"> <ul class="sidenav-list"> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_sidenavContent_ctl00_hypOpinion" class="list_current" href="24">Opinions of the Court</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_sidenavContent_ctl00_hypRelating" href="../relatingtoorders/24">Opinions Relating to Orders</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_sidenavContent_ctl00_hypInChamber" href="../in-chambers.aspx">In-Chambers Opinions</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_sidenavContent_ctl00_hypusreports" href="../USReports.aspx">U. S. Reports</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_sidenavContent_ctl00_hypCited" href="../urls_cited.aspx">Online Sources Cited in Opinions</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_sidenavContent_ctl00_hypMedia" href="../../media/media.aspx">Media Files Cited in Opinions</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_sidenavContent_ctl00_hypeCitation" href="../casefinder.aspx">Case Citation Finder</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="pagemaindiv" class="col-md-9"> <div id="pagetitle" style="color: #9c2426;"> <h3><span id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_lblTitle" style="font-weight:bold;">Opinions of the Court - 2024</span></h3> </div> <br /> <div id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_pnlnobv"> <p>The opinions collected here are those issued during <span id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_lblTerms">October Term 2024 (October 7, 2024, through October 5, 2025)</span>. Opinions are posted on the website upon release in slip opinion format. Slip opinions remain posted until replaced with opinions edited to reflect the usual publication style of the United States Reports, including final pagination that will carry forward unchanged in the corresponding preliminary prints and the bound volumes of the United States Reports. </p> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_pnlbodytext"> </div> <br /> <div class="row"> <div id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_upButtons"> <div class="col-md-12 col-xs-12"> <div style="padding-left: 5px;"> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_rptTerm_ctl00_hypTyear" class="btn btn-default" href="24">2024</a> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_rptTerm_ctl01_hypTyear" class="btn btn-default" href="23">2023</a> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_rptTerm_ctl02_hypTyear" class="btn btn-default" href="22">2022</a> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_rptTerm_ctl03_hypTyear" class="btn btn-default" href="21">2021</a> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_rptTerm_ctl04_hypTyear" class="btn btn-default" href="20">2020</a> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_rptTerm_ctl05_hypTyear" class="btn btn-default" href="19">2019</a> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_rptTerm_ctl06_hypTyear" class="btn btn-default" href="18">2018</a> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_rptTerm_ctl07_hypTyear" class="btn btn-default" href="17">2017</a> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_rptTerm_ctl08_hypTyear" class="btn btn-default" href="16">2016</a> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_btnMore" class="btn btn-default" href="../USReports.aspx">See Earlier Opinions</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-12 col-xs-12">&nbsp;</div> </div> <div id="list" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <div style="display:block; background-color: #d9be65; padding: 7px 7px 7px 14px;"><span id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_lblListTitle" style="font-size:Larger;font-weight:bold;"> Term Year: 2024</span> <span style="font-size:small;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_HyperLink1" href="../definitions.aspx">Table Information</a> </span></div> <div class="accordion" id="accordion"> <div class="card" style="margin: 0 !important;"> <div id="cellTop10" class="card-body collapse show"> <div class="alt-table-responsive"> <table class="table table-bordered" style="text-align: left;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"> <tr> <th style="text-align: center;" width="20" scope="col">R-</th> <th style="text-align: center;" width="60" scope="col">Date</th> <th style="text-align: center;" width="60" scope="col">Docket</th> <th style="text-align: center;" width="460" scope="col">Name</th> <th style="text-align: center;" width="20" scope="col">J.</th> <th style="text-align: center;" width="100" scope="col">Citation</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">21</td> <td style="text-align: center;">3/26/25</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-824</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/23-824_2d93.pdf' target='_blank' title="Section 106(a) of the Bankruptcy Code abrogates the Government’s sovereign immunity with respect to a §544(b) claim but that waiver does not extend to state-law claims nested within that federal claim.">United States v. Miller</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">KJ</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604/2</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">20</td> <td style="text-align: center;">3/26/25</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-852</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/23-852_c07d.pdf' target='_blank' title="ATF's 2022 Rule interpreting the Gun Control Act of 1968 to cover certain products that can readily be converted into an operational firearm or a functional frame or receiver, see 27 CFR §§478.11, 478.12(c), is not facially inconsistent with the Act.">Bondi v. Vanderstok</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">NG</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604/2</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">19</td> <td style="text-align: center;">3/21/25</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-825</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/23-825_q713.pdf' target='_blank' title="The knowing or intentional causation of injury or death, whether by act or omission, necessarily involves the “use” of “physical force” against another person within the meaning of 18 U. S. C. §924(c)(3)(A).">Delligatti v. United States</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">T</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604/2</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">18</td> <td style="text-align: center;">3/21/25</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-1095</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/23-1095_8mjp.pdf' target='_blank' title="Title 18 U. S. C. §1014, which prohibits “knowingly mak[ing] any false statement,” does not criminalize statements that are misleading but not false.">Thompson v. United States</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">R</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604/2</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">17</td> <td style="text-align: center;">3/05/25</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-713</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/23-713_jifl.pdf' target='_blank' title="The Department of Veterans Affairs’ determination that the evidence regarding a service-related disability claim is in “approximate balance” pursuant to the “benefit-of-the-doubt rule,” 38 U. S. C. §5107(b), is a predominantly factual determination reviewed only for clear error.">Bufkin v. Collins</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">T</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604/1</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">16</td> <td style="text-align: center;">3/04/25</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-753</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/23-753_f2bh.pdf' target='_blank' title="The challenged end-result permitting provisions—which make the permittee responsible for the quality of the water in the body of water into which the permittee discharges pollutants—exceed the Environmental Protection Agency’s authority under the Clean Water Act.">City and County of San Francisco v. EPA</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">A</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604/1</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">15</td> <td style="text-align: center;">2/26/25</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-900</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/23-900_19m1.pdf' target='_blank' title="In awarding the “defendant’s profits” to the prevailing plaintiff in a trademark infringement suit under the Lanham Act, 15 U. S. C. §1117(a), a court can award only profits ascribable to the “defendant” itself.">Dewberry Group, Inc. v. Dewberry Engineers Inc.</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">EK</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604/1</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">14</td> <td style="text-align: center;">2/26/25</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-971</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/23-971_l6gn.pdf' target='_blank' title="A case voluntarily dismissed without prejudice under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(a) counts as a “final proceeding” under Rule 60(b).">Waetzig v. Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">A</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604/1</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">13</td> <td style="text-align: center;">2/25/25</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">22-7466</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/22-7466new_6479.pdf' target='_blank' title="The Court has jurisdiction to review the judgment of the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals; the prosecution violated its constitutional obligation to correct false testimony under Napue v. Illinois, 360 U. S. 264.">Glossip v. Oklahoma</a><br /><br /> <b>Revisions</b>: <a href='/opinions/24pdf/22-7466diff_k5fl.pdf' target='_blank'>2/25/25</a><br /> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">SS</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604/1</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">12</td> <td style="text-align: center;">2/25/25</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-621</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/23-621_5ifl.pdf' target='_blank' title="Plaintiffs who gained only preliminary injunctive relief before this action became moot do not qualify as “prevailing part[ies]” eligible for attorney’s fees under 42 U. S. C. §1988(b) because no court conclusively resolved their claims by granting enduring relief on the merits that altered the legal relationship between the parties.">Lackey v. Stinnie</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">R</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604/1</span></td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl00_MainEditable_mainContent_pnlMore" class="pnlmore"> <div class="card" style="margin: 0 !important;"> <div class="card-heading"> <h4 class="card-title"> <a class="accordion-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href='#cellMore'> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus" style="font-size:small;"></span> More</a> </h4> </div> <div id="cellMore" class="card-body collapse"> <div class="alt-table-responsive"> <table class="table table-bordered" style="text-align: left;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"> <tr> <th style="text-align: center;" width="20" scope="col">R-</th> <th style="text-align: center;" width="60" scope="col">Date</th> <th style="text-align: center;" width="60" scope="col">Docket</th> <th style="text-align: center;" width="460" scope="col">Name</th> <th style="text-align: center;" width="20" scope="col">J.</th> <th style="text-align: center;" width="100" scope="col">Citation</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">11</td> <td style="text-align: center;">2/21/25</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-191</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/23-191_q8l1.pdf' target='_blank' title="Where a state court’s application of a state exhaustion requirement in effect immunizes state officials from 42 U. S. C. §1983 claims challenging delays in the administrative process, state courts may not deny those claims on failure-to-exhaust grounds.">Williams v. Reed</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">BK</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604/1</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">10</td> <td style="text-align: center;">2/21/25</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-1127</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/23-1127_k53l.pdf' target='_blank' title="The E-Rate reimbursement requests at issue are “claims” under the False Claims Act because the Government “provided” (at a minimum) a “portion” of the money applied for by transferring more than $100 million from the Treasury into the Fund. 31 U. S. C. §3729(b)(2)(A)(ii)(I).">Wisconsin Bell, Inc. v. United States ex rel. Heath</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">EK</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604/1</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">9</td> <td style="text-align: center;">2/21/25</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-867</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/23-867_5h26.pdf' target='_blank' title="An allegation that a foreign sovereign liquidated expropriated property, commingled the proceeds with other funds, and then used some of those commingled funds for commercial activities in the United States cannot alone satisfy the commercial nexus requirement of the expropriation exception in the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976.">Hungary v. Simon</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">SS</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604/1</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">8</td> <td style="text-align: center;">1/21/25</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-6573</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/23-6573new_e1p3.pdf' target='_blank' title="At the time of the decision of the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, clearly established federal law provided that the erroneous admission of unduly prejudicial evidence could render a criminal trial fundamentally unfair in violation of due process, see Payne v. Tennessee, 501 U. S. 808, 825 (1991); the judgment below is vacated and the case is remanded for further proceedings.">Andrew v. White</a><br /><br /> <b>Revisions</b>: <a href='/opinions/24pdf/23-6573diff_1bo2.pdf' target='_blank'>2/26/25</a><br /> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">PC</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604/1</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">7</td> <td style="text-align: center;">1/17/25</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">24-656</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/24-656_new_3dq3.pdf' target='_blank' title="The challenged provisions of the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act, 138 Stat. 955, do not violate petitioners’ First Amendment rights.">TikTok Inc. v. Garland</a><br /><br /> <b>Revisions</b>: <a href='/opinions/24pdf/24-656diff_d1of.pdf' target='_blank'>1/17/25</a><br /> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">PC</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604/1</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">6</td> <td style="text-align: center;">1/15/25</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-217</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/604us1r06_5ifl.pdf' target='_blank' title="The preponderance-of-the-evidence standard applies when an employer seeks to demonstrate that an employee is exempt from the minimum-wage and overtime-pay provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act.">E.M.D. Sales, Inc. v. Carrera</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">BK</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604 U.S. 45</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">5</td> <td style="text-align: center;">1/15/25</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-677</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/604us1r05_db8e.pdf' target='_blank' title="When a plaintiff amends her complaint to delete the federal-law claims that enabled removal to federal court, leaving only state-law claims behind, the federal court loses supplemental jurisdiction over the state claims, and the case must be remanded to state court.">Royal Canin U. S. A. v. Wullschleger</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">EK</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604 U.S. 22</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">4</td> <td style="text-align: center;">12/11/24</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-970</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/604us1r04_c1ne.pdf' target='_blank' title="Certiorari dismissed as improvidently granted.">NVIDIA v. E. Ohman J:or Fonder AB</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">PC</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604 U.S. 20</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">3</td> <td style="text-align: center;">12/10/24</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-583</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/604us1r03_3f14.pdf' target='_blank' title="Revocation of an approved visa petition under 8 U. S. C. §1155 based on a sham-marriage determination by the Secretary of Homeland Security is the kind of discretionary decision that falls within the purview of §1252(a)(2)(B)(ii), which strips federal courts of jurisdiction to review certain actions “in the discretion of ” the agency.">Bouarfa v. Mayorkas</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">KJ</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604 U.S. 6</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">2</td> <td style="text-align: center;">11/22/24</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-980</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/604us1r02_j4ek.pdf' target='_blank' title="Certiorari dismissed as improvidently granted.">Facebook, Inc. v. Amalgamated Bank</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">PC</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604 U.S. 4</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">1</td> <td style="text-align: center;">11/4/24</td> <td style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap;">23-167</td> <td><a href='/opinions/24pdf/604us1r01_2dq3.pdf' target='_blank' title="The judgment is vacated and the case is remanded to the Eleventh Circuit to clarify the basis for its decision affirming the District Court’s judgment that Smith is ineligible for the death penalty due to intellectual disability.">Hamm v. Smith</a></td> <td style="text-align: center;">PC</td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">604 U.S. 1</span></td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <br /><br /><br /> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { $('.collapse').on('shown.bs.collapse', function () { $(this).parent().find(".glyphicon-plus").removeClass("glyphicon-plus").addClass("glyphicon-minus"); }).on('hidden.bs.collapse', function () { $(this).parent().find(".glyphicon-minus").removeClass("glyphicon-minus").addClass("glyphicon-plus"); }); }); $('.hidden').removeClass('hidden').hide(); $('.toggle-text').click(function () { $(this).find('span').each(function () { $(this).toggle(); }); }); </script> </div> <div><p>&nbsp;<br /></p></div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(window).on('resize', function () { if ($(window).width() > 991) { $("#sidenavbody").css("display", "block"); $("#searchbox").css("display", "block"); } else { $("#sidenavbody").css("display", "none"); $("#searchbox").css("display", "none"); }; }); function toggleMenushow() { var query = $("#sidenavbody"); var isVisible = query.is(":visible"); if (isVisible === true) { $("#sidenavbody").css("display", "none"); } else { $("#sidenavbody").css("display", "block"); } } </script> </div> <div class="footer2 noindex"> <div class="container"> <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 nopadding"> <div class="col-sm-4 col-xs-12"> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink5" class="landing" href="../opinions.aspx" style="display:inline-block;height:18px;">Opinions</a> <ul class="footernavlist"> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink30" href="24">Opinions of the Court</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink31" href="../relatingtoorders/24">Opinions Relating to Orders</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink32" href="../in-chambers.aspx">In-Chambers Opinions</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink35" href="../USReports.aspx">U. S. Reports</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink37" href="../urls_cited.aspx">Online Sources Cited in Opinions</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink36" href="../../media/media.aspx">Media Files Cited in Opinions</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink34" href="../casefinder.aspx">Case Citation Finder</a></li> </ul> <br /> </div> <div class="col-sm-4 col-xs-12"> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink69" class="landing" href="../../filingandrules/" style="display:inline-block;height:18px;">Filing & Rules</a> <ul class="footernavlist"> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink44f" href="../../filingandrules/electronicfiling.aspx">Electronic Filing</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink3" href="../../filingandrules/rules_guidance.aspx">Rules and Guidance</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink2" href="../../filingandrules/supremecourtbar.aspx">Supreme Court Bar</a> </ul> <br /> </div> <div class="col-sm-4 col-xs-12"> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_hl" class="landing" href="../../oral_arguments/oral_arguments.aspx" style="display:inline-block;height:18px;">Oral Arguments</a> <ul class="footernavlist"> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink13" href="../../oral_arguments/argument_transcript.aspx">Argument Transcripts</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink14" href="../../oral_arguments/argument_audio.aspx">Argument Audio</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink6" href="../../oral_arguments/calendarsandlists.aspx">Calendars and Lists</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink8" href="../../oral_arguments/courtroomseating.aspx">Courtroom Seating</a></li> </ul> <br /> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink41" class="landing" href="../../case_documents.aspx" style="display:inline-block;height:18px;">Case Documents</a> <ul class="footernavlist"> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_hypdocket" href="../../docket/docket.aspx">Docket Search</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_hypOrdersOfCourt" href="../../orders/ordersofthecourt/24">Orders of the Court</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink67" href="../../orders/ordersbycircuit.aspx">Orders by Circuit</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink68" href="../../orders/grantednotedlists.aspx">Granted/Noted Cases List</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink39" href="../../orders/journal.aspx">Journal</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 nopadding"> <div class="col-sm-4 col-xs-12"> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_hypCourtInfo" class="landing" href="../../publicinfo/publicinfo.aspx" style="display:inline-block;height:18px;">News Media</a> <ul class="footernavlist"> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperlinkServicesft" href="../../publicinfo/PIOServices.pdf" target="_blank">Services for News Media</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_Hyperlink57" href="../../publicinfo/press/pressreleases.aspx">Press Releases</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_Hyperlink58" href="../../publicinfo/media/mediaadvisories.aspx">Media Advisories</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_Hyperlink61" href="../../publicinfo/press/presscredentials.aspx">Press Credentials</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_Hyperlink59" href="../../publicinfo/speeches/speeches.aspx">Speeches</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_Hyperlink62" href="../../publicinfo/reportersguide.pdf" target="_blank">A Reporter's Guide to Applications (PDF)</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_Hyperlink60" href="../../publicinfo/year-end/year-endreports.aspx">Chief Justice's Year-End Reports on the Federal Judiciary</a></li> </ul> <br /> </div> <div class="col-sm-4 col-xs-12"> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_hypAboutCourt" class="landing" href="../../about/about.aspx" style="display:inline-block;height:18px;">About</a> <ul class="footernavlist"> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_Hyperlink4" href="../../about/justices.aspx">Justices</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_Hyperlink10" href="../../about/courtatwork.aspx">Supreme Court at Work</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_Hyperlink1" href="../../about/code-of-conduct-for-justices.aspx">Code of Conduct for Justices</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_Hyperlink7" href="../../about/historyandtraditions.aspx">History and Traditions</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_Hyperlink49" href="../../about/courtbuilding.aspx">The Supreme Court Building</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_Hyperlink50" href="../../about/buildingregulations.aspx">Building Regulations</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_Hyperlink45" href="../../about/faq.aspx">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> </ul> <br /> </div> <div class="col-sm-4 col-xs-12"> <a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_hypVisit" class="landing" href="../../visiting/visiting.aspx" style="display:inline-block;height:18px;">Visit</a> <ul class="footernavlist"> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_hypHoursDirection" href="../../visiting/hoursanddirections.aspx">Hours & Directions</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_hypProhibitedItems" href="../../visiting/prohibited-items.aspx">Prohibited Items</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HypAccessibility" href="../../visiting/accessibility.aspx">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_hypWhatCanI" href="../../visiting/whatcaniseeanddo.aspx">What Can I See and Do?</a> </li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink11" href="../../visiting/exhibition.aspx">Exhibitions</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HyperLink12" href="../../visiting/activities.aspx">Activities for Students & Families</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HypMapsBrochures" href="../../visiting/mapsandbrochures.aspx">Maps & Brochures</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HypSchool" href="../../visiting/schoolgroups.aspx">Student Group Visits</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HypEtiquette" href="../../visiting/etiquette.aspx">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl00_wucFooterNav_HypBuildingAmenities" href="../../visiting/buildingamenities.aspx">Café & Building Amenities</a></li> </ul> <br /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer3 noindex"> <div class="container"> <span><a id="ctl00_ctl00_HypContactUs" href="../../contact/contactus.aspx">Contact Us</a></span> <span class="pipespacer">|</span> <span><a id="ctl00_ctl00_HyperLink1" href="../../sitemap.aspx">Site Map</a></span> <span class="pipespacer">|</span> <span><a id="ctl00_ctl00_hypHelp" href="../../help.aspx">Help</a></span> <span class="pipespacer">|</span> <span><a id="ctl00_ctl00_HypFellows" href="../../fellows/">Fellows Program</a></span> <span class="pipespacer">|</span> <span><a id="ctl00_ctl00_HypJobs" href="../../jobs/jobs.aspx">Jobs</a></span> <span class="pipespacer">|</span> <span><a id="ctl00_ctl00_HypLinks" href="../../links/links.aspx">Links</a></span> <span class="pipespacer">|</span> <span><a id="ctl00_ctl00_HypWebPolicy" href="../../policies/web_policies_and_notices.aspx">Website Policies and Notices</a></span> <span class="pipespacer">|</span> <span><a id="ctl00_ctl00_HypPrivacy" href="../../policies/privacy_notice.aspx">Privacy Policy</a></span> <span class="pipespacer">|</span> <span><a id="ctl00_ctl00_hypUSA" href="../../redirect.aspx?federal=y&amp;newURL=www.usa.gov">USA.GOV</a></span> </div> </div> <div class="footer4"> <div class="container" > <span class="footerbold">SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES</span> <span class="dotspacer"><i class="fa fa-circle" style="font-size: 3pt;"></i></span> <span>1 First Street, NE</span> <span class="dotspacer"><i class="fa fa-circle" style="font-size: 3pt;"></i></span> <span>Washington, DC 20543</span> </div> <button onclick="goToTop(); return false;" id="gototop" title="Go To Top" style="display: none;"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up"></i></button> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var Page_Validators = new Array(document.getElementById("ctl00_ctl00_RegularExpressionValidator2"), document.getElementById("ctl00_ctl00_SearchVal")); //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var ctl00_ctl00_RegularExpressionValidator2 = document.all ? document.all["ctl00_ctl00_RegularExpressionValidator2"] : document.getElementById("ctl00_ctl00_RegularExpressionValidator2"); ctl00_ctl00_RegularExpressionValidator2.controltovalidate = "ctl00_ctl00_txtSearch"; ctl00_ctl00_RegularExpressionValidator2.errormessage = "Search term too short "; ctl00_ctl00_RegularExpressionValidator2.evaluationfunction = "RegularExpressionValidatorEvaluateIsValid"; ctl00_ctl00_RegularExpressionValidator2.validationexpression = "^[\\s\\S]{3,}$"; var ctl00_ctl00_SearchVal = document.all ? document.all["ctl00_ctl00_SearchVal"] : document.getElementById("ctl00_ctl00_SearchVal"); ctl00_ctl00_SearchVal.controltovalidate = "ctl00_ctl00_txtSearch"; ctl00_ctl00_SearchVal.errormessage = "Invalid text in search term. Try again"; ctl00_ctl00_SearchVal.evaluationfunction = "RegularExpressionValidatorEvaluateIsValid"; ctl00_ctl00_SearchVal.validationexpression = "[\\w\\s-/\"\'() /*@.]*"; //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ window.__TsmHiddenField = $get('ctl00_ctl00_RadScriptManager1_TSM'); var Page_ValidationActive = false; if (typeof(ValidatorOnLoad) == "function") { ValidatorOnLoad(); } function ValidatorOnSubmit() { if (Page_ValidationActive) { return ValidatorCommonOnSubmit(); } else { return true; } } WebForm_AutoFocus('cmdsearch'); document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl00_RegularExpressionValidator2').dispose = function() { Array.remove(Page_Validators, document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl00_RegularExpressionValidator2')); } document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl00_SearchVal').dispose = function() { Array.remove(Page_Validators, document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl00_SearchVal')); } //]]> </script> </form> <script type="text/javascript"> window.onscroll = function () { scrollFunction() }; function scrollFunction() { var vTop = $(window).scrollTop(); if (vTop > 100) { document.getElementById("gototop").style.display = "block"; } else { document.getElementById("gototop").style.display = "none"; } } function goToTop() { document.body.scrollTop = 0; document.documentElement.scrollTop = 0; } function toggleSearchshow() { var query = $("#searchbox"); var isVisible = query.is(":visible"); if (isVisible === true) { $("#searchbox").css("display", "none"); } else { $("#searchbox").css("display", "block"); } } </script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10