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(PDF) Tourism and Economic Growth: A Meta-Regression Analysis
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="YVub8nl0g2WE0PSpHR8UPOVJKS5xwHWuXJM-GcIKkBUmc4jekRrZmdiFkf88bzL9JNN2PnwwFy3NKXJRN2-iOw" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Tourism and Economic Growth: A Meta-regression Analysis" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2019" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Travel Research" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Robin Nunkoo" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Boopen Seetanah" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Zameelah Rifkha Khan Jaffur" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Paul George Warren Moraghen" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Raja Vinesh Sannassee" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="59" /> <meta name="citation_issue" content="3" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="404-423" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="0047-2875" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/38549536/Tourism_and_Economic_Growth_A_Meta_Regression_Analysis" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Tourism and Economic Growth: A Meta-Regression Analysis" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Numerous studies have focused on delineating the relationship between tourism and economic growth. In this article, we present the results of a rigorous meta-regression analysis based on 545 estimates drawn from 113 studies that empirically tested" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/138530/141567/18799164/s200_robin.nunkoo_ph.d.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="book" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/38549536/Tourism_and_Economic_Growth_A_Meta_Regression_Analysis" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Tourism and Economic Growth: A Meta-Regression Analysis" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-book.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Numerous studies have focused on delineating the relationship between tourism and economic growth. In this article, we present the results of a rigorous meta-regression analysis based on 545 estimates drawn from 113 studies that empirically tested" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://uom.academia.edu/RobinNunkoo" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://uom.academia.edu/ZameelahKhanJaffur" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://uom.academia.edu/WarrenMoraghen" /> <meta name="description" content="Numerous studies have focused on delineating the relationship between tourism and economic growth. In this article, we present the results of a rigorous meta-regression analysis based on 545 estimates drawn from 113 studies that empirically tested" /> <title>(PDF) Tourism and Economic Growth: A Meta-Regression Analysis</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/38549536/Tourism_and_Economic_Growth_A_Meta_Regression_Analysis" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'cfbcd5ad7de5f6f6584833b1615b3d6604830c9e'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740625547000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740625547000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Numerous studies have focused on delineating the relationship between tourism and economic growth. In this article, we present the results of a rigorous meta-regression analysis based on 545 estimates drawn from 113 studies that empirically tested the tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH). The results suggest the presence of publication bias in the literature on this topic, where the majority of studies report positive and statistically significant estimates. Findings provide support for the TLGH, but they also suggest that the estimates are sensitive to a number of factors that are related to country, data, specification, and estimation characteristics, and time span. Such sensitivities suggest that greater emphasis should be placed on reporting estimates of the relationship between tourism and economic growth across a variety of methodological characteristics and specification and estimation choices. The implications of the results for theory development are also discussed.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Robin Nunkoo, Ph.D","url":"https://uom.academia.edu/RobinNunkoo"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Zameelah Khan Jaffur","url":"https://uom.academia.edu/ZameelahKhanJaffur"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Warren Moraghen","url":"https://uom.academia.edu/WarrenMoraghen"}],"contributor":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Zameelah Khan Jaffur","url":"https://uom.academia.edu/ZameelahKhanJaffur"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Warren Moraghen","url":"https://uom.academia.edu/WarrenMoraghen"}],"dateCreated":"2019-03-14","dateModified":"2024-11-28","datePublished":"2019-01-01","headline":"Tourism and Economic Growth: A Meta-Regression 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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F38549536%2FTourism_and_Economic_Growth_A_Meta_Regression_Analysis%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":59437486,"identifier":"Attachment_59437486","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":38549536,"created_at":"2019-03-14T02:19:06.782-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-11-28T21:16:18.862-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Numerous studies have focused on delineating the relationship between tourism and economic growth. In this article, we present the results of a rigorous meta-regression analysis based on 545 estimates drawn from 113 studies that empirically tested the tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH). The results suggest the presence of publication bias in the literature on this topic, where the majority of studies report positive and statistically significant estimates. Findings provide support for the TLGH, but they also suggest that the estimates are sensitive to a number of factors that are related to country, data, specification, and estimation characteristics, and time span. Such sensitivities suggest that greater emphasis should be placed on reporting estimates of the relationship between tourism and economic growth across a variety of methodological characteristics and specification and estimation choices. The implications of the results for theory development are also discussed.","ai_title_tag":"Tourism's Impact on Economic Growth: A Meta-Regression Study","publication_date":"2019,,","publication_name":"Journal of Travel Research"},"document_type":"book","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Tourism and Economic Growth: A Meta-Regression Analysis","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [52509911,138530,80186894]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":59437486,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Tourism and Economic Growth: A Meta-Regression Analysis”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/59437486/mini_magick20190529-13746-1it9ofw.png?1559134648" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Tourism and Economic Growth: A Meta-Regression Analysis</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52509911" href="https://uom.academia.edu/ZameelahKhanJaffur"><img alt="Profile image of Zameelah Khan Jaffur" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Zameelah Khan Jaffur</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="138530" href="https://uom.academia.edu/RobinNunkoo"><img alt="Profile image of Robin Nunkoo, Ph.D" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/138530/141567/18799164/s65_robin.nunkoo_ph.d.jpg" />Robin Nunkoo, Ph.D</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="80186894" href="https://uom.academia.edu/WarrenMoraghen"><img alt="Profile image of Warren Moraghen" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Warren Moraghen</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2019, Journal of Travel Research</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">20 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 38549536; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Numerous studies have focused on delineating the relationship between tourism and economic growth. In this article, we present the results of a rigorous meta-regression analysis based on 545 estimates drawn from 113 studies that empirically tested the tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH). The results suggest the presence of publication bias in the literature on this topic, where the majority of studies report positive and statistically significant estimates. Findings provide support for the TLGH, but they also suggest that the estimates are sensitive to a number of factors that are related to country, data, specification, and estimation characteristics, and time span. Such sensitivities suggest that greater emphasis should be placed on reporting estimates of the relationship between tourism and economic growth across a variety of methodological characteristics and specification and estimation choices. The implications of the results for theory development are also discussed.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":59437486,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/38549536/Tourism_and_Economic_Growth_A_Meta_Regression_Analysis"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":59437486,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/38549536/Tourism_and_Economic_Growth_A_Meta_Regression_Analysis"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="38549536" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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A literature review</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41514643" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ManuelaPulina">Manuela Pulina</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Current Issues in Tourism, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Over 10 years have passed since the first paper on the tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH) was published in 2002. Since then, a wave of studies has appeared trying to understand the temporal relationship between tourism and economic growth. Hence, it is possible to provide an assessment in terms of econometric methods used and main empirical findings achieved so far. This paper presents an exhaustive review of approximately 100 peer-reviewed published papers on the TLGH. An overview on the economic theoretical framework behind the TLGH is also provided. Notably, the results present an increasing diversification in the econometric modelling used. With a few exceptions, the empirical findings suggest that overall international tourism drives economic growth.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Has the tourism-led growth hypothesis been validated? A literature review","attachmentId":113551545,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117777215/Has_the_tourism_led_growth_hypothesis_been_validated_A_literature_review","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117777215/Has_the_tourism_led_growth_hypothesis_been_validated_A_literature_review"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="69223508" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69223508/The_Nexus_between_Tourism_and_Economic_Growth_A_Systematic_Literature_Review_and_Future_Research_Directions">The Nexus between Tourism and Economic Growth: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Directions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10356337" href="https://rjt.academia.edu/sisiragamage">Sisira Kumara Naradda Gamage</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The study aims to review tourism and economic growth in developing countries. The paper systematically reviews the literature on tourism and economic growth from 2004 to 2019. The Scopus database has been selected for the literature search to make the process transparent. The literature search was based on the keywords of tourism and economic growth, and the PRISMA 2009 helped the selection and exclusion process. The final 40 articles in the excel sheet with at least one citation for the review have been used in the literature classification to find the gap and directions of tourism and economic growth. The results revealed that literature on multiple country studies face difficulties in finding a specific relationship than single-country studies, and most studies have only focused on the relationships but missed the growth strategies. The present systematic review recommends the future research should focus on multiple country studies and growth strategies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Nexus between Tourism and Economic Growth: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Directions","attachmentId":79400882,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69223508/The_Nexus_between_Tourism_and_Economic_Growth_A_Systematic_Literature_Review_and_Future_Research_Directions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69223508/The_Nexus_between_Tourism_and_Economic_Growth_A_Systematic_Literature_Review_and_Future_Research_Directions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="70627048" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70627048/Tourism_and_economic_growth_A_review_of_international_literature">Tourism and economic growth: A review of international literature</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="83231161" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NicholasMOdhiambo">Nicholas M. Odhiambo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Th e development of tourism has become one of the central issues taken up by many countries – in light of the potential benefi ts it has for the economy. Moreover, the causal link between tourism and economic growth has long been a subject of interest in many studies, with no unanimous agreement on the direction of causality between the two variables. Th e main arguments that have been put forward on the direction of causality are: Firstly, that tourism causes economic growth (tourism-led growth hypothesis); and secondly, that it is economic growth that leads to the growth of the tourism sector (growth-led tourism hypothesis). In this paper, we review some of the previous empirical studies that have been conducted, in order to examine the causality between tourism-sector development and economic growth in both developed and developing countries. Th ese studies have used time series data analysis, panel/cross sectional data analysis as well as input/output analysis. Our empirical lit...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tourism and economic growth: A review of international literature","attachmentId":80299902,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/70627048/Tourism_and_economic_growth_A_review_of_international_literature","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/70627048/Tourism_and_economic_growth_A_review_of_international_literature"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="20282030" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20282030/A_literature_review_on_the_tourism_led_growth_hypothesis">A literature review on the tourism-led-growth hypothesis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41580942" href="https://psico.academia.edu/JuanGabrielBrida">Juan Gabriel Brida</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41514643" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ManuelaPulina">Manuela Pulina</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive literature review on the temporal relationship between tourism and economic growth. Specifically, the role of a such economic activity, as a promoter of short and long run economic growth, is investigated by assessing the so-called Tourism Led Growth Hypothesis (TLGH). To this aim, various methodological approaches have been used, such</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A literature review on the tourism-led-growth hypothesis","attachmentId":41177343,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20282030/A_literature_review_on_the_tourism_led_growth_hypothesis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20282030/A_literature_review_on_the_tourism_led_growth_hypothesis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="6248496" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6248496/Tourism_s_contribution_to_economic_growth_A_global_analysis_for_the_first_decade_of_the_millennium">Tourism’s contribution to economic growth: A global analysis for the first decade of the millennium</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22133" href="https://vumk.academia.edu/StanislavIvanov">Stanislav Ivanov</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Tourism Economics 19(3), 477-508</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The paper reviews the various methods and tourism development proxy variables used to measure the impact of tourism on economic growth. The growth decomposition methodology is employed with data for 174 countries for the years 2000-2010 to measure the impact of tourism on a country-by-country basis. Tourism's contribution to economic growth is highest in Africa, Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean. It is slightly negative in Europe, North America and Oceania. The paper also investigates the factors that influence tourism's contribution to growth. Results show that tourism's contribution to growth is higher in economies with higher share of tourism in GDP. The implications and limitations of the growth decomposition methodology are also discussed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tourism’s contribution to economic growth: A global analysis for the first decade of the millennium","attachmentId":35051903,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6248496/Tourism_s_contribution_to_economic_growth_A_global_analysis_for_the_first_decade_of_the_millennium","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6248496/Tourism_s_contribution_to_economic_growth_A_global_analysis_for_the_first_decade_of_the_millennium"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="57227934" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57227934/The_Tourism_and_Economic_Growth_Enigma_Examining_an_Ambiguous_Relationship_through_Multiple_Prisms">The Tourism and Economic Growth Enigma: Examining an Ambiguous Relationship through Multiple Prisms</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4231227" href="https://upatras.academia.edu/MinaDragouni">Mina Dragouni</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Travel Research</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article revisits the ambiguous relationship between tourism and economic growth, providing a comprehensive study of destinations across the globe which takes into account the key dynamics that influence tourism and economic performance. We focus on 113 countries over the period 1995 to 2014, clustered, for the first time, around six criteria that reflect their economic, political, and tourism dimensions. A panel vector autoregressive model is employed, which, in contrast to previous studies, allows the data to reveal any tourism-economy interdependencies across these clusters, without imposing a priori the direction of causality. Overall, the economic-driven tourism growth hypothesis seems to prevail in countries which are developing, nondemocratic, highly bureaucratic and have low tourism specialization. Conversely, bidirectional relationships are established for economies that are stronger, democratic and with higher levels of government effectiveness. Thus, depending on the ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Tourism and Economic Growth Enigma: Examining an Ambiguous Relationship through Multiple Prisms","attachmentId":72228564,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57227934/The_Tourism_and_Economic_Growth_Enigma_Examining_an_Ambiguous_Relationship_through_Multiple_Prisms","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/57227934/The_Tourism_and_Economic_Growth_Enigma_Examining_an_Ambiguous_Relationship_through_Multiple_Prisms"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="14911368" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14911368/Tourism_and_growth_in_a_cross_section_of_countries">Tourism and growth in a cross section of countries</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33901397" href="https://unibo.academia.edu/PaoloFigini">Paolo Figini</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Tourism Economics, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We provided an empirical assessment of the relationship between tourism specialisation and economic growth, by updating findings of previous papers written on this issue. We used data for more than 150 countries covering different time spans between 1980 and 2005. Contrary to previous findings (e.g., , tourism-based countries did not grow at a higher rate than non-tourism based countries, except for the 1980-1990 period for which, however, data on international tourism are not fully reliable. . We thank Barbara Di Pietro for research assistance, Rinaldo Brau, Guido Candela and Isabel Cortez-Jimenez for comments on earlier versions of the paper. The usual disclaimers apply.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tourism and growth in a cross section of countries","attachmentId":43784440,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14911368/Tourism_and_growth_in_a_cross_section_of_countries","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14911368/Tourism_and_growth_in_a_cross_section_of_countries"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="78734342" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78734342/Tourism_Led_Growth_Hypothesis_A_New_Global_Evidence">Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis: A New Global Evidence</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13962946" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChorFoonTang">Chor Foon Tang</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The primary aim of this study is to determine whether the tourism-led growth hypothesis is globally valid by accounting for countries’ income levels and their institutional qualities, against a panel dataset of 167 countries. The institutional qualities referred to are political stability and corruption control. We employ the dynamic panel generalized method of moments (GMM) approach to examine the relationship. It can be inferred from the exercise that tourism positively contributes to economic growth but the effect varies across countries at different levels of income and institutional qualities. Therefore, the effect of tourism on economic growth is contingent on levels of income and institutional qualities of the host tourism countries. Policy initiatives that aim to promote and strengthen institutional qualities should be undertaken for a country to enjoy the beneficial impact of tourism on economic growth and development.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis: A New Global Evidence","attachmentId":85677012,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78734342/Tourism_Led_Growth_Hypothesis_A_New_Global_Evidence","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/78734342/Tourism_Led_Growth_Hypothesis_A_New_Global_Evidence"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="6130838" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6130838/Prospects_and_Limits_of_Tourism_Led_Growth_The_International_Evidence">Prospects and Limits of Tourism-Led Growth: The International Evidence</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2823755" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AdamosAdamou">Adamos Adamou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We investigate the relationship between tourism specialization and economic growth. We deviate from previous studies -which have reported mixed evidence -by allowing the relationship to take a nonlinear form. We find that tourism specialization is associated with higher rates of economic growth at relatively low levels of specialization but eventually diminishing returns set in and tourism's contribution becomes minimal. The policy lesson is that there is promise for tourism-led growth in developing countries but other economic activities must also be developed in order to carry the economy forward once the potential of tourism-led growth has been exhausted.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Prospects and Limits of Tourism-Led Growth: The International Evidence","attachmentId":33030905,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6130838/Prospects_and_Limits_of_Tourism_Led_Growth_The_International_Evidence","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6130838/Prospects_and_Limits_of_Tourism_Led_Growth_The_International_Evidence"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="109333950" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/109333950/Is_tourism_a_long_run_economic_growth_factor_Working_Paper_Series_12_02">Is tourism a long-run economic growth factor? Working Paper Series--12-02</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52551237" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PinNg">Pin Ng</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Whether tourism can lead to economic growth is an important question. In general, previous studies find evidence in support of the notion that tourism promotes growth. However, previous studies typically do not control for standard growth determinants, such as technology, human capital, and institutions. Therefore, the estimations may be biased due to the omitted variable problem. Motivated by this observation, we revisit the tourism-led growth hypothesis. We first develop a tourism-growth model that is well motivated by the literature. Then, based on our theoretical model, we use a newly-available international database to test the tourism-led growth hypothesis. We find that if we do not control for standard growth factors, tourism appears to lead to growth; however, as soon as we take into account these standard growth determinants, tourism does not have marginal explanatory power anymore even within the tourism economies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Is tourism a long-run economic growth factor? Working Paper Series--12-02","attachmentId":107491154,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109333950/Is_tourism_a_long_run_economic_growth_factor_Working_Paper_Series_12_02","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/109333950/Is_tourism_a_long_run_economic_growth_factor_Working_Paper_Series_12_02"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":59437486,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":59437486,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_59437486" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="58190829" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58190829/Tourism_Development_and_Economic_Growth_A_Comparative_Study_for_the_G_6_Leaders">Tourism Development and Economic Growth: A Comparative Study for the G-6 Leaders</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="140140496" href="https://uowm.academia.edu/AntoniosAdamopoulos">Antonios Adamopoulos</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Research Studies Journal, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tourism Development and Economic Growth: A Comparative Study for the G-6 Leaders","attachmentId":112707529,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58190829/Tourism_Development_and_Economic_Growth_A_Comparative_Study_for_the_G_6_Leaders","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/58190829/Tourism_Development_and_Economic_Growth_A_Comparative_Study_for_the_G_6_Leaders"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="101849122" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/101849122/Tourism_Led_Growth_Evidence_from_Time_Series_Data">Tourism Led Growth: Evidence from Time-Series Data</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53396988" href="https://technicaluniversityofkenya.academia.edu/naftalymose">naftaly mose</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Int.J.Tour.Hosp. 3(1) (2023) 1-7, 2023</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tourism Led Growth: Evidence from Time-Series Data","attachmentId":102276048,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101849122/Tourism_Led_Growth_Evidence_from_Time_Series_Data","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/101849122/Tourism_Led_Growth_Evidence_from_Time_Series_Data"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="48472814" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48472814/Tourism_and_Economic_Growth">Tourism and Economic Growth</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56775619" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlanALew">Alan A. 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js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="84874839" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84874839/Tourism_Developments_and_Its_Effects_on_Economic_Growth_in_Selected_Countries">Tourism Developments and Its Effects on Economic Growth in Selected Countries</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57903142" href="https://independent.academia.edu/fatehhabibi">fateh habibi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tourism Developments and Its Effects on Economic Growth in Selected 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