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Palamas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_against_doctrine_of_Gregorius_Palamas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Writings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> 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Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="نيكيفورس جريجوراس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيكيفورس جريجوراس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikifor_Qriqora" title="Nikifor Qriqora – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nikifor Qriqora" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Нікіфар Грыгара – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нікіфар Грыгара" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Никифор Григора – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Никифор Григора" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nic%C3%A8for_Gregor%C3%A0s" title="Nicèfor Gregoràs – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nicèfor Gregoràs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nik%C3%A9foros_Gregoras" title="Nikéforos Gregoras – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nikéforos Gregoras" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros_Gregoras" title="Nikephoros Gregoras – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nikephoros Gregoras" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%82" title="Νικηφόρος Γρηγοράς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νικηφόρος Γρηγοράς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nic%C3%A9foro_Gr%C3%A9goras" title="Nicéforo Grégoras – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nicéforo Grégoras" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicephorus_Gregoras" title="Nicephorus Gregoras – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nicephorus Gregoras" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="نیکفورس گرگوراس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیکفورس گرگوراس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nic%C3%A9phore_Gr%C3%A9goras" title="Nicéphore Grégoras – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nicéphore Grégoras" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BC%80%ED%8F%AC%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EA%B3%A0%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4" title="니케포로스 그레고라스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="니케포로스 그레고라스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros_Grigoras" title="Nikephoros Grigoras – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nikephoros Grigoras" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niceforo_Gregora" title="Niceforo Gregora – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Niceforo Gregora" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ნიკიფორე გრიგორა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიკიფორე გრიგორა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicephorus_Gregoras" title="Nicephorus Gregoras – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nicephorus Gregoras" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nik%C3%A9phorosz_Gr%C3%A9gorasz" title="Niképhorosz Grégorasz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Niképhorosz Grégorasz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Никифор Григора – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Никифор Григора" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="نيسفوروس جريجوراس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيسفوروس جريجوراس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikeforos_Gregoras" title="Nikeforos Gregoras – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nikeforos Gregoras" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nic%C3%A8for_Gregoras" title="Nicèfor Gregoras – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nicèfor Gregoras" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicefor_Gregoras" title="Nicefor Gregoras – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nicefor Gregoras" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nic%C3%A9foro_Gregoras" title="Nicéforo Gregoras – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nicéforo Gregoras" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichifor_Gregoras" title="Nichifor Gregoras – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nichifor Gregoras" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Никифор Григора – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Никифор Григора" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nik%C3%A9foros_Gr%C3%A9goras" title="Nikéforos Grégoras – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nikéforos Grégoras" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%9B%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Нићифор Григора – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нићифор Григора" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikifor_Grigora" title="Nikifor Grigora – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nikifor Grigora" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikeforos_Gregoras" title="Nikeforos Gregoras – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nikeforos Gregoras" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros_Gregoras" title="Nikephoros Gregoras – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nikephoros Gregoras" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikiforos_Grigoras" title="Nikiforos Grigoras – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nikiforos Grigoras" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q372109#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GregorasNic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/GregorasNic.jpg/220px-GregorasNic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/GregorasNic.jpg/330px-GregorasNic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/GregorasNic.jpg/440px-GregorasNic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Nikephoros Gregoras</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Nicephorus Gregoras</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Greek" title="Medieval Greek">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Νικηφόρος Γρηγορᾶς</span></span>, <i>Nikēphoros Grēgoras</i>; c. 1295 – 1360) was a Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_astronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine astronomy">astronomer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine history">historian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine theology">theologian</a>. His 37-volume <i>Roman History</i>, a work of erudition, constitutes a primary documentary source for the 14th century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicephorus_Gregoras&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gregoras was born at <a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Pontica" title="Heraclea Pontica">Heraclea Pontica</a>, where he was raised and educated by his uncle, John, who was the Bishop of Heraclea.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At an early age he settled at <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, where his uncle introduced him to <a href="/wiki/Andronicus_II_Palaeologus" class="mw-redirect" title="Andronicus II Palaeologus">Andronicus II Palaeologus</a>, by whom he was appointed <i><a href="/wiki/Chartophylax" title="Chartophylax">chartophylax</a></i> (keeper of the archives). In 1326 Gregoras proposed (in a treatise which remains in existence) certain reforms in the calendar, which the emperor refused to carry out for fear of disturbances; over two hundred years later they were introduced by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIII" title="Pope Gregory XIII">Gregory XIII</a> on almost the same lines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Downfall_of_Andronicus_II">Downfall of Andronicus II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicephorus_Gregoras&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Downfall of Andronicus II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Andronicus was dethroned (1328) by his grandson <a href="/wiki/Andronicus_III_Palaeologus" class="mw-redirect" title="Andronicus III Palaeologus">Andronicus III Palaeologus</a>, Gregoras shared his downfall and retired into private life. Attacked by <a href="/wiki/Barlaam_of_Calabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Barlaam of Calabria">Barlaam of Calabria</a>, he was with difficulty persuaded to come forward and meet him in a war of words, in which Barlaam was bested. This greatly enhanced his reputation and brought him a large number of pupils.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gregoras remained loyal until the death of the elder Andronicus. Thereafter he succeeded in gaining the favour of Andronicus III, who appointed him to conduct negotiations for a union of the Greek and Latin churches with the ambassadors of <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXII" title="Pope John XXII">Pope John XXII</a>. The negotiations, which took place in 1333, failed to achieve a resolution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hesychast_controversy">Hesychast controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicephorus_Gregoras&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hesychast controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in 1346, Gregoras took an important part in the <a href="/wiki/Hesychast_controversy" title="Hesychast controversy">Hesychast controversy</a> at the encouragement of the Empress <a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Savoy" title="Anna of Savoy">Anna</a>, by publishing a tract in which he staunchly opposed <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_Palamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorius Palamas">Gregorius Palamas</a>, the chief supporter of the doctrine. Although he persuaded some prominent churchmen, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_of_Ganos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph of Ganos (page does not exist)">Joseph of Ganos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arsenios_of_Tyre" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenios of Tyre">Arsenios of Tyre</a>, his opinion was opposed to those of Emperor <a href="/wiki/John_VI_Cantacuzene" class="mw-redirect" title="John VI Cantacuzene">John VI Cantacuzene</a>. Although he presented his views at length at the synod of 1351, that synod declared his views heretical and the doctrines of Palamas orthodox. He and other dissidents were given the opportunity to recant, and he refused.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was then practically imprisoned in a monastery for two years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign_against_doctrine_of_Gregorius_Palamas">Campaign against doctrine of Gregorius Palamas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicephorus_Gregoras&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Campaign against doctrine of Gregorius Palamas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the doctrine of Gregorius Palamas came to be accepted by the majority of the Orthodox Church, Gregoras persisted in campaigning against what he considered a heretical doctrine forced upon the Church by a robber council. He became a monk and devoted himself to campaigning against the Palamites, destroying his friendship with John Cantacuzene. He was first placed under house arrest, then confined to the <a href="/wiki/Chora_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Chora Monastery">Chora Monastery</a>. When he was released from the monastery in 1354, Gregoras returned to his preaching and denunciations. Gregoras devotes two of the 37 books of his <i>Roman History</i> on his objections to the doctrine of Palamas; according to Donald Nicol, "It is disappointing that Gregoras the philosopher and historian should have degenerated into a ranting polemicist in his declining years."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicephorus_Gregoras&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gregoras' chief work is his <i>Roman History</i>, in 37 books, covering the years 1204 to 1359. It partly supplements and partly continues the work of <a href="/wiki/George_Pachymeres" title="George Pachymeres">George Pachymeres</a>. Gregoras shows considerable industry, but his style is pompous and affected. This work and that of <a href="/wiki/John_VI_Cantacuzenus" class="mw-redirect" title="John VI Cantacuzenus">John Cantacuzene</a> supplement and correct each other, and should be read together.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The other writings of Gregoras, which (with a few exceptions) still remain unpublished, attest his great versatility. Amongst them may be mentioned a history of the dispute with Palamas; biographies of his uncle and early instructor John, metropolitan of Heraclea, and of the martyr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Codratus_of_Antioch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Codratus of Antioch (page does not exist)">Codratus of Antioch</a>; funeral orations for <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Metochites" title="Theodore Metochites">Theodore Metochites</a>, and the two emperors Andronicus; commentaries on the wanderings of <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a> and on <a href="/wiki/Synesius" title="Synesius">Synesius</a>'s treatise on dreams;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tracts on orthography and on words of doubtful meaning; a philosophical dialogue called <i>Phlorentius</i> or <i>Concerning Wisdom</i>; astronomical treatises on the date of <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>, on the preparation of the <a href="/wiki/Astrolabe" title="Astrolabe">astrolabe</a> and on the predictive calculation of solar eclipses;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an extensive correspondence.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Editions: in Bonn <i>Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Schopen" title="Ludwig Schopen">L. Schopen</a> and <a href="/wiki/August_Immanuel_Bekker" title="August Immanuel Bekker">I. Bekker</a>, with life and list of works by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Boivin_the_Younger" title="Jean Boivin the Younger">J. Boivin</a> (1829–1855); <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Paul_Migne" title="Jacques Paul Migne">J. P. Migne</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca" title="Patrologia Graeca">Patrologia Graeca</a></i>, cxlviii., cxlix.; see also <a href="/wiki/Karl_Krumbacher" title="Karl Krumbacher">Karl Krumbacher</a>, <i>Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur</i> (1897).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicephorus_Gregoras&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKaffa2014" class="citation book cs1">Kaffa, Elena (2014-06-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8I1JDAAAQBAJ"><i>The Greek Church of Cyprus, the Morea and Constantinople during the Frankish Era (1196-1303): A New Perspective</i></a>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-6299-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-6299-8"><bdi>978-1-4438-6299-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Church+of+Cyprus%2C+the+Morea+and+Constantinople+during+the+Frankish+Era+%281196-1303%29%3A+A+New+Perspective&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2014-06-26&rft.isbn=978-1-4438-6299-8&rft.aulast=Kaffa&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8I1JDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicephorus+Gregoras" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2006POBeo..80..269T">Theodossiou, E. T., Manimanis, V. N., Dimitrijevic, M. S., & Danezis, E., The Greatest Byzantine Astronomer Nicephoros Gregoras and Serbs, Publications of the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, Vol. 80, p. 269-274, 2006</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donald M. Nicol, <i>The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453</i>, second edition (Cambridge: University Press, 1993), pp. 232f</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicol, <i>Last Centuries</i>, p. 234</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Niceforo Gregora, Explicatio in librum Synesii de insomniis, a cura di P. Pietrosanti, Collana Pynakes, Levante, 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Mogenet, A. Tihon, R. Royez, A. Berg, Nicéphore Grégoras - Calcul de l’éclipse de soleil du 16 Juillet 1330, <i>Corpus des astronomes byzantins</i>, I, Gleben, 1983</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I. Sevcenko, Some autographs of Nicephore Gregoras in <i>Recueil des travaux de l'Institut d'études byzantines</i>, VIII, pp. 435-450.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicephorus_Gregoras&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Gregoras,_Nicephorus" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Gregoras, Nicephorus">Gregoras, Nicephorus</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 562.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gregoras%2C+Nicephorus&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=562&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicephorus+Gregoras" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicephorus_Gregoras&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2006POBeo..80..269T">Theodossiou, E. T., Manimanis, V. N., Dimitrijevic, M. S., & Danezis, E., The Greatest Byzantine Astronomer Nicephoros Gregoras and Serbs, Publications of the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, Vol. 80, p. 269-274, 2006</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/30_20_1295-1360-_Nicephorus_Gregoras.html">Greek Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Graeca with analytical indexes</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Byzantine_historians" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine_historians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine historians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Byzantine_historians" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Byzantine historians</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">5th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annianus_of_Alexandria" title="Annianus of Alexandria">Annianus of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunapius" title="Eunapius">Eunapius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rufus" title="John Rufus">John Rufus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malchus_(historian)" title="Malchus (historian)">Malchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympiodorus_of_Thebes" title="Olympiodorus of Thebes">Olympiodorus of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panodorus_of_Alexandria" title="Panodorus of Alexandria">Panodorus of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philostorgius" title="Philostorgius">Philostorgius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscus" title="Priscus">Priscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabinus_of_Heraclea" title="Sabinus of Heraclea">Sabinus of Heraclea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates_of_Constantinople" title="Socrates of Constantinople">Socrates of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sozomen" title="Sozomen">Sozomen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoret" title="Theodoret">Theodoret</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">6th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agathias" title="Agathias">Agathias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Scythopolis" title="Cyril of Scythopolis">Cyril of Scythopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustathius_of_Epiphania" title="Eustathius of Epiphania">Eustathius of Epiphania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evagrius_Scholasticus" title="Evagrius Scholasticus">Evagrius Scholasticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesychius_of_Miletus" title="Hesychius of Miletus">Hesychius of Miletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Diakrinomenos" title="John Diakrinomenos">John Diakrinomenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Ephesus" title="John of Ephesus">John of Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Epiphania" title="John of Epiphania">John of Epiphania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Joshua_the_Stylite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite">Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Zacharias_Rhetor" title="Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor">Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanes" title="Jordanes">Jordanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Malalas" title="John Malalas">John Malalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberatus_of_Carthage" title="Liberatus of Carthage">Liberatus of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellinus_Comes" title="Marcellinus Comes">Marcellinus Comes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander_Protector" title="Menander Protector">Menander Protector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonnosus_(historian)" title="Nonnosus (historian)">Nonnosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Patrician" title="Peter the Patrician">Peter the Patrician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procopius" title="Procopius">Procopius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorus_Lector" title="Theodorus Lector">Theodorus Lector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_of_Byzantium" title="Theophanes of Byzantium">Theophanes of Byzantium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacharias_Rhetor" title="Zacharias Rhetor">Zacharias Rhetor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosimus_(historian)" title="Zosimus (historian)">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">7th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Antioch_(historian)" title="John of Antioch (historian)">John of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan_the_Patrician" title="Trajan the Patrician">Trajan the Patrician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophylact_Simocatta" title="Theophylact Simocatta">Theophylact Simocatta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">8th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Thebes" title="Hippolytus of Thebes">Hippolytus of Thebes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">9th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Syncellus" title="George Syncellus">George Syncellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nikephoros I of Constantinople">Nikephoros I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamartolos" title="George Hamartolos">George Hamartolos</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scriptor_Incertus" title="Scriptor Incertus">Scriptor Incertus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">10th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VII" title="Constantine VII">Constantine VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Genesius" title="Joseph Genesius">Joseph Genesius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kaminiates" title="John Kaminiates">John Kaminiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_the_Deacon" title="Leo the Deacon">Leo the Deacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Simeon" title="Pseudo-Simeon">Pseudo-Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symeon_Logothete" title="Symeon Logothete">Symeon Logothete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_Continuatus" title="Theophanes Continuatus">Theophanes Continuatus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">11th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Attaleiates" title="Michael Attaleiates">Michael Attaleiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kedrenos" title="George Kedrenos">George Kedrenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Psellos" title="Michael Psellos">Michael Psellos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Skylitzes" title="John Skylitzes">John Skylitzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Xiphilinus" title="John Xiphilinus">John Xiphilinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_of_Antioch" title="Yahya of Antioch">Yahya of Antioch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">12th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Bryennios_the_Younger" title="Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger">Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niketas_Choniates" title="Niketas Choniates">Niketas Choniates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustathius_of_Thessalonica" title="Eustathius of Thessalonica">Eustathius of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Glykas" title="Michael Glykas">Michael Glykas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Komnene" title="Anna Komnene">Anna Komnene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kinnamos" title="John Kinnamos">John Kinnamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Manasses" title="Constantine Manasses">Constantine Manasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joannes_Zonaras" title="Joannes Zonaras">Joannes Zonaras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">13th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Akropolites" title="George Akropolites">George Akropolites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Skoutariotes" title="Theodore Skoutariotes">Theodore Skoutariotes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">14th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicephorus Gregoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Kallistos_Xanthopoulos" title="Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos">Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos" title="John VI Kantakouzenos">John VI Kantakouzenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pachymeres" title="George Pachymeres">George Pachymeres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Panaretos" title="Michael Panaretos">Michael Panaretos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">15th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Anagnostes" title="John Anagnostes">John Anagnostes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cananus" title="John Cananus">John Cananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laonikos_Chalkokondyles" title="Laonikos Chalkokondyles">Laonikos Chalkokondyles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Critobulus" title="Michael Critobulus">Michael Critobulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doukas_(historian)" title="Doukas (historian)">Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sphrantzes" title="George Sphrantzes">George Sphrantzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kodinos" title="George Kodinos">Pseudo-George Kodinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372109#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372109#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372109#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110281799">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/64014428">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1821681/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJr7WC6rwQ6jYcVK3hWVYP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118697463">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80079699">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11989628q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11989628q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gregoras, Nicephorus <1296-1360>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV021790">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35944798">Australia</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49116449">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2012712906&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1290446">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1325594">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p067468179">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90550361">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000133868&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=17233">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/zw9ccg3h47bcn58">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810596326905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/22802">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007262060905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058518170806706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03662850?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=187070">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1157455">Trove</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1489450">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118697463.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118697463">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027966410">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6dj5pjd">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicephorus_Gregoras&oldid=1241768214">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicephorus_Gregoras&oldid=1241768214</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1295_births" title="Category:1295 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