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easy listening and soft rock </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s:_Early_roots;_easy_listening_and_soft_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s:_Soft_rock_forms_as_a_radio_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s:_Soft_rock_forms_as_a_radio_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 1970s: Soft rock forms as a radio format </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s:_Soft_rock_forms_as_a_radio_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s:_Adult_contemporary_succeeds_as_radio_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s:_Adult_contemporary_succeeds_as_radio_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 1980s: Adult contemporary succeeds as radio format </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s:_Adult_contemporary_succeeds_as_radio_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s:_Subgenre_formations/radio_crossovers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s:_Subgenre_formations/radio_crossovers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 1990s: Subgenre formations/radio crossovers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s:_Subgenre_formations/radio_crossovers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s–present:_AC_music_goes_mainstream_and_mainstream_music_goes_AC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s–present:_AC_music_goes_mainstream_and_mainstream_music_goes_AC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 2000s–present: AC music goes mainstream and mainstream music goes AC </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s–present:_AC_music_goes_mainstream_and_mainstream_music_goes_AC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adult_contemporary_formats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adult_contemporary_formats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Adult contemporary formats </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adult_contemporary_formats-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Adult contemporary formats subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Adult_contemporary_formats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hot_adult_contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hot_adult_contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Hot adult contemporary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hot_adult_contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modern_adult_contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_adult_contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Modern adult contemporary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_adult_contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soft_adult_contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soft_adult_contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Soft adult contemporary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soft_adult_contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_adult_contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_adult_contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Urban adult contemporary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_adult_contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rhythmic_adult_contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhythmic_adult_contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Rhythmic adult contemporary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhythmic_adult_contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smooth_adult_contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smooth_adult_contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Smooth adult contemporary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smooth_adult_contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_adult_contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_adult_contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Christian adult contemporary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_adult_contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_adult_contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_adult_contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Spanish adult contemporary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_adult_contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adult_album_alternative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adult_album_alternative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Adult album alternative </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adult_album_alternative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christmas_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christmas_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Christmas music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christmas_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syndicated_radio_shows_and_networks_carrying_the_adult_contemporary_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syndicated_radio_shows_and_networks_carrying_the_adult_contemporary_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Syndicated radio shows and networks carrying the adult contemporary format </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syndicated_radio_shows_and_networks_carrying_the_adult_contemporary_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_contemporary" title="Adult contemporary – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Adult contemporary" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_contemporary" title="Adult contemporary – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Adult contemporary" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_Contemporary" title="Adult Contemporary – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Adult Contemporary" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_contemporary" title="Adult contemporary – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Adult contemporary" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_contemporary" title="Adult contemporary – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Adult contemporary" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%8D%9C%ED%8A%B8_%EC%BB%A8%ED%85%9C%ED%8F%AC%EB%9F%AC%EB%A6%AC" title="어덜트 컨템포러리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="어덜트 컨템포러리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewasa_kontemporer" title="Dewasa kontemporer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dewasa kontemporer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_contemporary_music" title="Adult contemporary music – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Adult contemporary music" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מוזיקה עכשווית למבוגרים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוזיקה עכשווית למבוגרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_contemporary" title="Adult contemporary – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Adult contemporary" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iuolaikin%C4%97_suaugusi%C5%B3j%C5%B3_muzika" title="Šiuolaikinė suaugusiųjų muzika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šiuolaikinė suaugusiųjų muzika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_contemporary" title="Adult contemporary – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Adult contemporary" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%80%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9D%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="アダルト・コンテンポラリー・ミュージック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アダルト・コンテンポラリー・ミュージック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderne_voksenpop" title="Moderne voksenpop – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Moderne voksenpop" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_contemporary" title="Adult contemporary – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Adult contemporary" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_contemporary" title="Adult contemporary – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Adult contemporary" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_contemporary" title="Adult contemporary – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Adult contemporary" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_contemporary" title="Adult contemporary – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Adult contemporary" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_contemporary" title="Adult contemporary – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Adult contemporary" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_contemporary" title="Adult contemporary – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Adult contemporary" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_contemporary_music" title="Adult contemporary music – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Adult contemporary music" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuxenpop" title="Vuxenpop – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vuxenpop" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%88" title="ดนตรีร่วมสมัยสำหรับผู้ใหญ่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดนตรีร่วมสมัยสำหรับผู้ใหญ่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_contemporary_m%C3%BCzik" title="Adult contemporary müzik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Adult contemporary müzik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_contemporary_music" title="Adult contemporary music – Ukrainian" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Adult contemporary</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easy_listening" title="Easy listening">easy listening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_storm" title="Quiet storm">quiet storm</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">1960s, United States</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_adult_contemporary" title="Urban adult contemporary">Urban adult contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_adult_contemporary" title="Rhythmic adult contemporary">Rhythmic adult contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_adult_contemporary" title="Christian adult contemporary">Christian adult contemporary</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_ballad" class="mw-redirect" title="Power ballad">Power ballad</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> Adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of <a href="/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">radio</a>-played <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a>, ranging from 1960s <a href="/wiki/Vocal_music" title="Vocal music">vocal</a> and 1970s <a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">soft rock</a> music<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> to predominantly <a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">ballad</a>-heavy music of the 1980s to the present day, with varying degrees of <a href="/wiki/Easy_listening" title="Easy listening">easy listening</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quiet_storm" title="Quiet storm">quiet storm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> influence.<a href="#cite_note-oldies.about.com-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Adult contemporary is generally a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of <a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">pop/rock</a> music.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated687-5">[5]</a> Adult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melody</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmonies</a> is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from <a href="/wiki/Profanity" title="Profanity">profanity</a> or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as <a href="/wiki/Background_music" title="Background music">background music</a> in heavily-frequented family areas such as <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarkets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shopping_mall" title="Shopping mall">shopping malls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Convention_center" title="Convention center">convention centers</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Like most of <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop music</a>, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a <a href="/wiki/Verse%E2%80%93chorus_form" title="Verse–chorus form">verse–chorus structure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The format is heavy on romantic <a href="/wiki/Sentimental_ballad" title="Sentimental ballad">sentimental ballads</a> which use <a href="/wiki/Musical_acoustics" title="Musical acoustics">acoustic</a> instruments such as <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">pianos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saxophone" title="Saxophone">saxophones</a>, and sometimes an <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestral</a> set. However, <a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">electric guitars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">bass</a> are also usually used, with the electric guitar sound relatively faint and high-pitched. Additionally, post-80s adult contemporary music may feature <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizers</a> (and other electronics, such as <a href="/wiki/Drum_machines" class="mw-redirect" title="Drum machines">drum machines</a>).<a href="#cite_note-curtis-8">[8]</a> An AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a>, house/techno or <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">electronic dance music</a> and some forms of <a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">dance-pop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teen_pop" title="Teen pop">teen pop</a>, as these are less popular among adults, the target <a href="/wiki/Demography" title="Demography">demographic</a>. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Over the years, AC has spawned subgenres including "hot AC" (or "modern AC"), "soft AC" (also known as "lite AC"), "<a href="/wiki/Urban_adult_contemporary" title="Urban adult contemporary">urban AC</a>" (a softer type of <a href="/wiki/Urban_contemporary_music" title="Urban contemporary music">urban contemporary music</a>), "<a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_adult_contemporary" title="Rhythmic adult contemporary">rhythmic AC</a>" (a softer type of <a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_contemporary" title="Rhythmic contemporary">rhythmic contemporary</a>), and "<a href="/wiki/Christian_adult_contemporary" title="Christian adult contemporary">Christian AC</a>" (a softer type of <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">contemporary Christian music</a>). Some stations play only "hot AC", "soft AC", or only one of the variety of subgenres. Therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music; it is merely an assemblage of selected songs from artists of many different <a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">genres</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s:_Early_roots;_easy_listening_and_soft_rock">1960s: Early roots; easy listening and soft rock</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1960s: Early roots; easy listening and soft rock">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnny_Mathis_1960.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Johnny_Mathis_1960.JPG/180px-Johnny_Mathis_1960.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Johnny_Mathis_1960.JPG/270px-Johnny_Mathis_1960.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Johnny_Mathis_1960.JPG/360px-Johnny_Mathis_1960.JPG 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="855" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mathis" title="Johnny Mathis">Johnny Mathis</a> concentrated on romantic readings of jazz and pop standards for the adult contemporary audience of the 1960s and 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></figcaption></figure> Adult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s <a href="/wiki/Easy_listening" title="Easy listening">easy listening</a> format, which adopted a 70–80% instrumental to 20–30% vocal mix. A few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. The easy listening format, as it was first known, was born of a desire by some radio stations in the late 1950s and early 1960s to continue playing current hit songs but distinguish themselves from being branded as "<a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>" stations. <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> first published the Easy Listening chart July 17, 1961, with 20 songs; the first number one was "<a href="/wiki/Boll_Weevil_(song)" title="Boll Weevil (song)">Boll Weevil Song</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Brook_Benton" title="Brook Benton">Brook Benton</a>. The chart described itself as "not too far out in either direction".<a href="#cite_note-Trust-12">[12]</a> Initially, the vocalists consisted of artists such as <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mathis" title="Johnny Mathis">Johnny Mathis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connie_Francis" title="Connie Francis">Connie Francis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a>, and others. The custom recordings were usually instrumental versions of current or recent <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> or pop hit songs, a move intended to give the stations more mass appeal without <a href="/wiki/Selling_out" title="Selling out">selling out</a>. Some stations would also occasionally play earlier <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a>-era recordings from the 1940s and early 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> After 1965, differences between the <a href="/wiki/Hot_100" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot 100">Hot 100</a> chart and the Easy Listening chart became more pronounced. Better reflecting what middle of the road stations were actually playing, the composition of the chart changed dramatically. As rock music continued to harden, there was much less crossover between the Hot 100 and Easy Listening chart than there had been in the early half of the 1960s. <a href="/wiki/Roger_Miller" title="Roger Miller">Roger Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Vinton" title="Bobby Vinton">Bobby Vinton</a> were among the chart's most popular performers.<a href="#cite_note-Trust-12">[12]</a> One big impetus for the development of the AC radio format was that, when rock and roll music first became popular in the mid-1950s, many more conservative radio stations wanted to continue to play current hit songs while shying away from rock. These <a href="/wiki/Middle_of_the_road_(music)" title="Middle of the road (music)">middle of the road</a> (or "MOR") stations also frequently included older, pre-rock-era <a href="/wiki/Adult_standards" title="Adult standards">adult standards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> titles to further appeal to adult listeners who had grown up with those songs. Another big impetus for the evolution of the AC radio format was the popularity of easy listening or "<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_music" title="Beautiful music">beautiful music</a>" stations, stations with music specifically designed to be purely <a href="/wiki/Background_music" title="Background music">ambient</a>. Whereas most easy listening music was instrumental, created by relatively unknown artists, and rarely purchased (especially as singles, although <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Gleason" title="Jackie Gleason">Jackie Gleason</a>'s beautiful music albums sold well in the 1950s), AC was an attempt to create a similar "lite" format by choosing certain tracks (both hit singles and album cuts) of popular artists. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barry_Manilow_1979.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Barry_Manilow_1979.jpg/180px-Barry_Manilow_1979.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Barry_Manilow_1979.jpg/270px-Barry_Manilow_1979.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Barry_Manilow_1979.jpg/360px-Barry_Manilow_1979.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1273" data-file-height="1354" /></a><figcaption>In terms of record sales and career longevity, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Manilow" title="Barry Manilow">Barry Manilow</a> is one of the most successful adult contemporary singers ever and the most best-selling of the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s:_Soft_rock_forms_as_a_radio_format">1970s: Soft rock forms as a radio format</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1970s: Soft rock forms as a radio format">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_soft_rock_artists_and_songs" title="List of soft rock artists and songs">List of soft rock artists and songs</a></div> By the late 1960s <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a> had been established as one of the rock genres<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> leading hard rock and soft rock to became distinct popular forms in the rock scene,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated687-5">[5]</a> and as major radio formats in the US.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a> was often derived from folk rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody and harmonies. Major artists included <a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cat_Stevens" title="Cat Stevens">Cat Stevens</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a><a href="#cite_note-curtis-8">[8]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bread_(band)" title="Bread (band)">Bread</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In the early 1970s, softer songs by <a href="/wiki/The_Carpenters" title="The Carpenters">The Carpenters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Murray" title="Anne Murray">Anne Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Denver" title="John Denver">John Denver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Manilow" title="Barry Manilow">Barry Manilow</a>, and even <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a>, began to be played more often on "Top 40" radio. <a href="/wiki/Top_40" title="Top 40">Top 40</a> radio stations played the Top 40 hits regardless of genre. As the texture of much of the music played on <a href="/wiki/Top_40" title="Top 40">Top 40</a> radio began to soften, the Hot 100 and Easy Listening/AC charts became more similar. Easy Listening radio began playing songs by artists who had begun in other genres, such as rock and roll or <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a>. Much of the music recorded by singer-songwriters such as <a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carly_Simon" title="Carly Simon">Carly Simon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a> and <a href="/wiki/Janis_Ian" title="Janis Ian">Janis Ian</a> got as much, if not more, airplay on AC stations than on Top 40 stations. AC stations also began playing softer songs by <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rod_Stewart" title="Rod Stewart">Rod Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a>, and other rock-based artists. Soon after, the adult contemporary format began evolving into the sound that later defined it, with rock-oriented acts as <a href="/wiki/Chicago_(band)" title="Chicago (band)">Chicago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eagles_(band)" title="Eagles (band)">the Eagles</a>, becoming associated with the format.<a href="#cite_note-Trust-12">[12]</a> In addition, several early disco songs, did well on the Adult Contemporary format. Soft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as <a href="/wiki/Toto_(band)" title="Toto (band)">Toto</a>, <a href="/wiki/England_Dan_%26_John_Ford_Coley" title="England Dan & John Ford Coley">England Dan & John Ford Coley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Supply" title="Air Supply">Air Supply</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seals_and_Crofts" title="Seals and Crofts">Seals and Crofts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Fogelberg" title="Dan Fogelberg">Dan Fogelberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/America_(band)" title="America (band)">America</a> and the reformed <a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac" title="Fleetwood Mac">Fleetwood Mac</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Rumours_(album)" title="Rumours (album)">Rumours</a> (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> By 1977, some radio stations, notably New York's <a href="/wiki/WKTU" title="WKTU">WTFM</a> and <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>-owned <a href="/wiki/WYNY_(defunct)" class="mw-redirect" title="WYNY (defunct)">WYNY</a>, and Boston's <a href="/wiki/WBGB_(FM)" title="WBGB (FM)">WEEI</a>, had switched to an all-soft rock format.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> As Softrock 103, WEEI was famous for its promotional campaigns, featuring slogans such as "<a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni</a>, without the baloni." and "<a href="/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">The Byrds</a>, without the nyrds."<a href="#cite_note-:3-21">[21]</a> However, different forms of popular music targeted to different demographic groups, such as <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a>, began to emerge in the late-1970s. This led to specialized radio stations that played specific genres of music, and generally followed the evolution of artists in those genres. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s:_Adult_contemporary_succeeds_as_radio_format">1980s: Adult contemporary succeeds as radio format</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1980s: Adult contemporary succeeds as radio format">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Michael.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/George_Michael.jpeg/180px-George_Michael.jpeg" decoding="async" width="180" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/George_Michael.jpeg/270px-George_Michael.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/George_Michael.jpeg/360px-George_Michael.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="5518" /></a><figcaption>"<a href="/wiki/Careless_Whisper" title="Careless Whisper">Careless Whisper</a>" stayed at the No. 1 spot in the adult contemporary chart for 5 weeks.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The song was <a href="/wiki/George_Michael" title="George Michael">George Michael</a>'s first solo single.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></figcaption></figure> On April 7, 1979, the Easy Listening chart officially became known as Adult Contemporary,<a href="#cite_note-Trust-12">[12]</a> and those two words have remained consistent in the name of the chart ever since. Adult contemporary music became one of the most popular <a href="/wiki/Radio_format" title="Radio format">radio formats</a> of the 1980s. The growth of AC was a natural result of the <a href="/wiki/Generation" title="Generation">generation</a> that first listened to the more "specialized" music of the mid-late 1970s growing older and not being interested in the <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">rap/hip-hop</a> music that a new generation helped to play a significant role in the <a href="/wiki/Top_40_chart" class="mw-redirect" title="Top 40 chart">Top 40 charts</a> by the end of the decade. Mainstream AC itself has evolved in a similar fashion over the years; traditional AC artists such as <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a>, the <a href="/wiki/The_Carpenters" title="The Carpenters">Carpenters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dionne_Warwick" title="Dionne Warwick">Dionne Warwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Manilow" title="Barry Manilow">Barry Manilow</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Denver" title="John Denver">John Denver</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John" title="Olivia Newton-John">Olivia Newton-John</a> found it harder to have major Top 40 hits as the 1980s wore on, and due to the influence of MTV, artists who were staples of the <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Hit_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemporary Hit Radio">Contemporary Hit Radio</a> format, such as <a href="/wiki/Richard_Marx" title="Richard Marx">Richard Marx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Tyler" title="Bonnie Tyler">Bonnie Tyler</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Michael" title="George Michael">George Michael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laura_Branigan" title="Laura Branigan">Laura Branigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Journey_(band)" title="Journey (band)">Journey</a><a href="#cite_note-SoftRockClassificationBBC-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-SoftRockClassificationMM-25">[25]</a> began crossing over to the AC charts with greater frequency. Collins has been described by <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a> as "one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond".<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> However, with the combination of MTV and AC radio, adult contemporary appeared harder to define as a genre, with established soft-rock artists of the past still charting pop hits and receiving airplay alongside mainstream radio fare from newer artists at the time. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chicago_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chicago_logo.svg/250px-Chicago_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chicago_logo.svg/375px-Chicago_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chicago_logo.svg/500px-Chicago_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(band)" title="Chicago (band)">Chicago</a> band logo. Their 1984 single "<a href="/wiki/You%27re_the_Inspiration" title="You're the Inspiration">You're the Inspiration</a>" from their fourteenth studio album <a href="/wiki/Chicago_17" title="Chicago 17">Chicago 17</a> (1984) became synonymous with the soft rock radio format.</figcaption></figure> The amount of crossover between the AC chart and the Hot 100 has varied based on how much the passing pop music trends of the times appealed to adult listeners. Not many <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> or <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a> songs were particularly successful on the AC chart during the late 1970s and early 1980s, and much of the hip-hop and harder rock music featured on <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_hit_radio" title="Contemporary hit radio">CHR</a> formats later in the decade would have been unacceptable on AC radio. Although dance-oriented, electronic pop and ballad-oriented rock dominated the 1980s, soft rock songs still enjoyed a mild success thanks to <a href="/wiki/Sheena_Easton" title="Sheena Easton">Sheena Easton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amy_Grant" title="Amy Grant">Amy Grant</a>,<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cross" title="Christopher Cross">Christopher Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Hill" title="Dan Hill">Dan Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Sayer" title="Leo Sayer">Leo Sayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Ocean" title="Billy Ocean">Billy Ocean</a>,<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Julio_Iglesias" title="Julio Iglesias">Julio Iglesias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bertie_Higgins" title="Bertie Higgins">Bertie Higgins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Page" title="Tommy Page">Tommy Page</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> No song spent more than six weeks at No. 1 on this chart during the 1980s, with nine songs accomplishing that feat. Two of these were by Lionel Richie, "<a href="/wiki/You_Are_(Lionel_Richie_song)" title="You Are (Lionel Richie song)">You Are</a>" in 1983 and "<a href="/wiki/Hello_(Lionel_Richie_song)" title="Hello (Lionel Richie song)">Hello</a>" in 1984, which also reached No. 1 on the Hot 100. In 1989, <a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a> released <a href="/wiki/Cry_Like_a_Rainstorm,_Howl_Like_the_Wind" title="Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind">Cry Like a Rainstorm, Howl Like the Wind</a>, described by critics as "the first true Adult Contemporary album of the decade", featuring American soul singer <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Neville" title="Aaron Neville">Aaron Neville</a> on several of the twelve tracks. The album was certified Triple Platinum in the United States alone and became a major success throughout the globe. The <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a>-winning singles, "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Know_Much" title="Don't Know Much">Don't Know Much</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/All_My_Life_(Linda_Ronstadt_song)" title="All My Life (Linda Ronstadt song)">All My Life</a>", were both long-running No. 1 Adult Contemporary hits. Several additional singles from the disc made the AC Top 10 as well. The album won over many critics in the need to define AC, and appeared to change the tolerance and acceptance of AC music into mainstream day to day radio play. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s:_Subgenre_formations/radio_crossovers">1990s: Subgenre formations/radio crossovers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1990s: Subgenre formations/radio crossovers">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marc_Anthony_2009_White_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Marc_Anthony_2009_White_House.jpg/200px-Marc_Anthony_2009_White_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Marc_Anthony_2009_White_House.jpg/300px-Marc_Anthony_2009_White_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Marc_Anthony_2009_White_House.jpg/400px-Marc_Anthony_2009_White_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption>Latin artist <a href="/wiki/Marc_Anthony" title="Marc Anthony">Marc Anthony</a>'s self-titled English-language album released in 1999 had singles that crossed over to the AC charts.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></figcaption></figure> The early 1990s marked the softening of urban R&B in the shape of new jack swing, at the same time alternative rock emerged and traditional pop saw a significant resurgence. This in part led to a widening of the market, not only allowing to cater to more niche markets, but it also became customary for artists to make AC-friendly singles. At the same time, the genre began adopting elements from hard rock as tastes were shifting towards louder music, while AC stations in general began playing more rock acts. "Softer" features such as light instrumental music (carried over from the <a href="/wiki/Beautiful_music" title="Beautiful music">beautiful music</a> format—many AC stations carried the format until the early 1970s), new age songs and most pre-1964 artists were gradually phased out from AC radio throughout the early to mid-1990s. Unlike the majority of 1980s mainstream singers, the 1990s mainstream pop/R&B singers such as <a href="/wiki/All-4-One" title="All-4-One">All-4-One</a>,<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <a href="/wiki/Boyz_II_Men" title="Boyz II Men">Boyz II Men</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a>,<a href="#cite_note-billboard.com-32">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Backstreet_Boys" title="Backstreet Boys">Backstreet Boys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Savage_Garden" title="Savage Garden">Savage Garden</a><a href="#cite_note-billboard.com-32">[32]</a> generally crossed over to the AC charts. <a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin pop</a> artists such as <a href="/wiki/Lynda_Thomas" title="Lynda Thomas">Lynda Thomas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ricky_Martin" title="Ricky Martin">Ricky Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Anthony" title="Marc Anthony">Marc Anthony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selena" title="Selena">Selena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias" title="Enrique Iglesias">Enrique Iglesias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luis_Miguel" title="Luis Miguel">Luis Miguel</a> also enjoyed success in the AC charts. In addition to <a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a>, who has had significant success on this chart, other artists with multiple number ones on the AC chart in the 1990s include <a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bolton" title="Michael Bolton">Michael Bolton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Adams" title="Bryan Adams">Bryan Adams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shania_Twain" title="Shania Twain">Shania Twain</a>. Newer female <a href="/wiki/Adult_album_alternative" title="Adult album alternative">Adult album alternative</a> singer-songwriters such as <a href="/wiki/Sarah_McLachlan" title="Sarah McLachlan">Sarah McLachlan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Merchant" title="Natalie Merchant">Natalie Merchant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewel_(singer)" title="Jewel (singer)">Jewel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Etheridge" title="Melissa Etheridge">Melissa Etheridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Crow" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a> also broke through on the AC chart during this time.<a href="#cite_note-Hyatt-34">[34]</a> In 1996, Billboard created a new chart called <a href="/wiki/Hot_Adult_Top_40_Tracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks">Adult Top 40</a>, which reflects programming on radio stations that exists somewhere between "adult contemporary" music and "pop" music. Although they are sometimes mistaken for each other, the Adult Contemporary chart and the Adult Top 40 chart are separate charts, and songs reaching one chart might not reach the other. In addition, <a href="/wiki/Hot_adult_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot adult contemporary">hot AC</a> is another subgenre of radio programming that is distinct from the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart as it exists today, despite the apparent similarity in name. In response to the pressure on Hot AC, a new kind of AC format cropped up among American radio recently. The <a href="/wiki/Urban_adult_contemporary" title="Urban adult contemporary">urban adult contemporary</a> format (a term coined by <a href="/wiki/Barry_Mayo" title="Barry Mayo">Barry Mayo</a>) usually attracts a large number of African Americans and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_race" title="Caucasian race">Caucasian</a> listeners through playing a great deal of <a href="/wiki/R%26B" class="mw-redirect" title="R&B">R&B</a> (without any form of rapping), <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel music</a>, classic soul and <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a>). Another format, <a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_adult_contemporary" title="Rhythmic adult contemporary">rhythmic AC</a>, in addition to playing all the popular hot and soft AC music, past and present, places a heavy emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> as well as 1980s and 1990s dance hits, such as those by <a href="/wiki/Amber_(performer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amber (performer)">Amber</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Black_Box_(band)" title="Black Box (band)">Black Box</a>, and includes dance <a href="/wiki/Remixes" class="mw-redirect" title="Remixes">remixes</a> of pop songs, such as the <a href="/wiki/Soul_Solution" title="Soul Solution">Soul Solution</a> mix of <a href="/wiki/Toni_Braxton" title="Toni Braxton">Toni Braxton</a>'s "Unbreak My Heart". In its early years of existence, the <a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">smooth jazz</a> format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, <a href="/wiki/George_Benson" title="George Benson">George Benson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenny_G" title="Kenny G">Kenny G</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dave_Koz" title="Dave Koz">Dave Koz</a> had all had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and soft AC stations. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s–present:_AC_music_goes_mainstream_and_mainstream_music_goes_AC">2000s–present: AC music goes mainstream and mainstream music goes AC</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2000s–present: AC music goes mainstream and mainstream music goes AC">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MichaelBubleDanceFeb2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/MichaelBubleDanceFeb2011.jpg/180px-MichaelBubleDanceFeb2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/MichaelBubleDanceFeb2011.jpg/270px-MichaelBubleDanceFeb2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/MichaelBubleDanceFeb2011.jpg/360px-MichaelBubleDanceFeb2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1326" data-file-height="2530" /></a><figcaption>A number of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bubl%C3%A9" title="Michael Bublé">Michael Bublé</a>'s singles and albums topped the AC charts in the 2000s and 2010s.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></figcaption></figure> During the 2000s, the AC market gained an increased presence in the music industry, as its radio formats were popular nationwide—Smooth jazz and "Urban AC" stations were ubiquitous in the East Coast, while Soft rock and "adult standards" stations were common in the Midwest, and pop-oriented "Hot AC" and "world music"/Hispanic AC stations were easily found in the West Coast and the "Sun Belt". This led to the presence of numerous genres on the AC charts, often crossing to the "pop" charts, winning over many critics in the need to define AC, and increased the tolerance and acceptance of AC music into mainstream day-to-day radio play. <a href="/wiki/Josh_Groban" title="Josh Groban">Josh Groban</a>'s single "<a href="/wiki/You_Raise_Me_Up#Josh_Groban_version" title="You Raise Me Up">You Raise Me Up</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bubl%C3%A9" title="Michael Bublé">Michael Bublé</a>'s cover of "Fever" are often cited as key examples of the high production values and ballad-heavy sound that defined 2000s-era AC,<a href="#cite_note-Trust-12">[12]</a> often dubbed as "jazz-pop", heavily carrying classical, jazz and traditional pop influences. Artists such as <a href="/wiki/Nick_Lachey" title="Nick Lachey">Nick Lachey</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Blunt" title="James Blunt">James Blunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Cullum" title="Jamie Cullum">Jamie Cullum</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Mayer" title="John Mayer">John Mayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jason_Mraz" title="Jason Mraz">Jason Mraz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norah_Jones" title="Norah Jones">Norah Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diana_Krall" title="Diana Krall">Diana Krall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amy_Winehouse" title="Amy Winehouse">Amy Winehouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susan_Boyle" title="Susan Boyle">Susan Boyle</a> also achieved great success during this period. During most of the 2000s, <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a>/<a href="/wiki/Countrypolitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Countrypolitan">countrypolitan</a> musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson" title="Kelly Clarkson">Kelly Clarkson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clay_Aiken" title="Clay Aiken">Clay Aiken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garth_Brooks" title="Garth Brooks">Garth Brooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shania_Twain" title="Shania Twain">Shania Twain</a>, <a href="/wiki/LeAnn_Rimes" title="LeAnn Rimes">LeAnn Rimes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Underwood" title="Carrie Underwood">Carrie Underwood</a> scored hits on soft AC, particularly in Southern states. A popular trend in the late 1990s and 2000s was remixing <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a> hits into adult contemporary ballads, especially in the US, (for example, the "Candlelight Mix" versions of "<a href="/wiki/Heaven_(Bryan_Adams_song)#DJ_Sammy_and_Yanou_version" title="Heaven (Bryan Adams song)">Heaven</a>" by <a href="/wiki/DJ_Sammy" title="DJ Sammy">DJ Sammy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yanou" title="Yanou">Yanou</a>, "Listen To Your Heart" by <a href="/wiki/DHT_(band)" title="DHT (band)">D.H.T.</a>, and "<a href="/wiki/Everytime_We_Touch_(Cascada_song)" title="Everytime We Touch (Cascada song)">Everytime We Touch</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Cascada" title="Cascada">Cascada</a>). Key to the success of AC in the 2000s was the 25–34 demographic which had outgrown the pop music offerings of the time, most new rock became too <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative</a> and harsh for AC radio and most new pop was now influenced heavily by <a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">dance-pop</a>, hip-hop and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">electronic dance music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> At the same time, the music industry also began to focus on older audiences and markets generally considered "niche". During the late 2000s, certain pop songs began entering the AC charts instead, generally after having recently fallen off the Hot 100. Adrian Moreira, senior vice president for adult music for <a href="/wiki/RCA_Music_Group" title="RCA Music Group">RCA Music Group</a>, said, "We've seen a fairly tidal shift in what AC will play". Rather than emphasizing older songs, adult contemporary now began playing many of the same songs as top 40 and <a href="/wiki/Adult_top_40" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult top 40">adult top 40</a>, but only after the hits had become established.<a href="#cite_note-Trust-12">[12]</a> An article on <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>'s website by Corey Moss describes this trend as: "In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life."<a href="#cite_note-MTV-37">[37]</a> As adult contemporary has long characterized itself as family-friendly, "clean" versions of pop songs began appearing on the AC chart, as were the cases of "<a href="/wiki/Perfect_(Pink_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perfect (Pink song)">Perfect</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Pink_(singer)" title="Pink (singer)">P!nk</a>, and "<a href="/wiki/Forget_You_(Cee_Lo_Green_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forget You (Cee Lo Green song)">Forget You</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Cee_Lo_Green" class="mw-redirect" title="Cee Lo Green">Cee Lo Green</a>, both in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-Trust-12">[12]</a> AC radio's shift into more mainstream pop was a result of the changes on the broadcasting landscape following the <a href="/wiki/Late_2000s_economic_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Late 2000s economic crisis">2005–2007 economic downturn and eventual recession</a>, as advertisers preferred more profitable <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_hit_radio" title="Contemporary hit radio">chart-based</a> formats, which meant the demise of many AC-based formulas, primarily those aimed at older audiences, with tastes changing towards more modern music among all age groups. Diminishing physical record sales throughout the 2010s also proved a major blow to the AC genre, and there are concerns that the <a href="/wiki/Portable_people_meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable people meter">portable people meter</a>, a device being used to determine radio listenership, may be incompatible with AC songs and may not accurately pick up that a person is listening to an AC station because of the pitches and frequencies used in the style.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Key AC artists of the early to mid-2010s included <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coldplay" title="Coldplay">Coldplay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arcade_Fire" title="Arcade Fire">Arcade Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meghan_Trainor" title="Meghan Trainor">Meghan Trainor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maroon_5" title="Maroon 5">Maroon 5</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ed_Sheeran" title="Ed Sheeran">Ed Sheeran</a>, featuring a more pop-influenced, uptempo style than the typical AC fare of previous years, also featuring production values reminiscent of the <a href="/wiki/Motown_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Motown sound">Motown sound</a> and the so-called <a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a> that dominated the soul-heavy pop charts of the early 1960s, when the Easy Listening chart was first introduced. The earlier years of the decade also saw <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a> acts such as <a href="/wiki/Wilco" title="Wilco">Wilco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feist_(singer)" title="Feist (singer)">Feist</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_1975" title="The 1975">The 1975</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imagine_Dragons" title="Imagine Dragons">Imagine Dragons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumford_%26_Sons" title="Mumford & Sons">Mumford & Sons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Of_Monsters_and_Men" title="Of Monsters and Men">Of Monsters and Men</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Lumineers" title="The Lumineers">The Lumineers</a> quickly becoming AC mainstays,<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-40">[40]</a> although these were eventually replaced by rhythm-based rock bands such as <a href="/wiki/Panic!_at_the_Disco" title="Panic! at the Disco">Panic! at the Disco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neon_Trees" title="Neon Trees">Neon Trees</a>, <a href="/wiki/X_Ambassadors" title="X Ambassadors">X Ambassadors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheppard_(band)" title="Sheppard (band)">Sheppard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bastille_(band)" title="Bastille (band)">Bastille</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Authors" title="American Authors">American Authors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fitz_and_the_Tantrums" title="Fitz and the Tantrums">Fitz and the Tantrums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foster_the_People" title="Foster the People">Foster the People</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twenty_One_Pilots" title="Twenty One Pilots">Twenty One Pilots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walk_the_Moon" title="Walk the Moon">Walk the Moon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milky_Chance" title="Milky Chance">Milky Chance</a>. During the middle of the decade, newer artists such as <a href="/wiki/CeeLo_Green" title="CeeLo Green">CeeLo Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/OneRepublic" title="OneRepublic">OneRepublic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Platten" title="Rachel Platten">Rachel Platten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christina_Perri" title="Christina Perri">Christina Perri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Grammer" title="Andy Grammer">Andy Grammer</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Bay_(singer)" title="James Bay (singer)">James Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sara_Bareilles" title="Sara Bareilles">Sara Bareilles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Mendes" title="Shawn Mendes">Shawn Mendes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sia" title="Sia">Sia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Smith" title="Sam Smith">Sam Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Degraw" class="mw-redirect" title="Gavin Degraw">Gavin Degraw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Puth" title="Charlie Puth">Charlie Puth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colbie_Caillat" title="Colbie Caillat">Colbie Caillat</a> as well as acts that were popular in the 1990s and early 2000s such as <a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a> were added to the rotation of most AC stations. As trap music and similar styles of hip-hop began dominating top 40 stations during the last years of the 2010s, AC stations began picking up rhythmic artists like <a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellie_Goulding" title="Ellie Goulding">Ellie Goulding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taio_Cruz" title="Taio Cruz">Taio Cruz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pitbull_(rapper)" title="Pitbull (rapper)">Pitbull</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">EDM</a> artists like <a href="/wiki/Avicii" title="Avicii">Avicii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daft_Punk" title="Daft Punk">Daft Punk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Harris" title="Calvin Harris">Calvin Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Guetta" title="David Guetta">David Guetta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiesto" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiesto">Tiesto</a>. Meanwhile, younger artists like <a href="/wiki/Camila_Cabello" title="Camila Cabello">Camila Cabello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justin_Bieber" title="Justin Bieber">Justin Bieber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selena_Gomez" title="Selena Gomez">Selena Gomez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ariana_Grande" title="Ariana Grande">Ariana Grande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Jonas" title="Nick Jonas">Nick Jonas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Brothers" title="Jonas Brothers">Jonas Brothers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halsey_(singer)" title="Halsey (singer)">Halsey</a> began to be featured on AC stations more than on top 40 stations.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adult_contemporary_formats">Adult contemporary formats</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Adult contemporary formats">edit</a>]</div> In radio broadcasting, adult contemporary is divided into several sub-formats, each with their own musical direction and demographic targeting. Hot adult contemporary formats generally feature an uptempo <a href="/wiki/Rotation_(music)" title="Rotation (music)">rotation</a> of recent hits that appeal to a wide adult audience.<a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a> A station formatted as "adult contemporary" with no qualifier, also referred to as "mainstream" AC, generally has a similar playlist to hot AC stations, but with a broader rotation of classic hits from past decades.<a href="#cite_note-ir-hotacchr-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a> Soft adult contemporary formats have a more conservative sound oriented primarily towards adult women, urban AC focuses on <a href="/wiki/R%26B" class="mw-redirect" title="R&B">R&B</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul music</a> that appeal to African American adults, and rhythmic AC focuses on <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_(chart)" title="Rhythmic (chart)">rhythmic</a> genres. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hot_adult_contemporary">Hot adult contemporary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hot adult contemporary">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Adult_Top_40" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult Top 40">Adult Top 40</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adult_album_alternative" title="Adult album alternative">Adult album alternative</a></div> Hot adult contemporary (hot AC) radio stations play a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a> that appeals towards the 18–54 age group;<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> it serves as a middle ground between the youth-oriented <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_hit_radio" title="Contemporary hit radio">contemporary hit radio</a> (CHR) format, and adult contemporary formats (such as "mainstream" and soft AC) that are typically targeted towards a more mature demographic. They generally feature uptempo hit music from the last 25 years with wide appeal, such as pop and <a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">pop rock</a> songs, while excluding more youth-oriented music such as <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip-hop</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ir-hotacchr-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a> Older music featured on hot AC stations usually reflects familiar and youthful music that adults had grown up with.<a href="#cite_note-:4-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a> Likewise, material from legacy pop acts such as the <a href="/wiki/Backstreet_Boys" title="Backstreet Boys">Backstreet Boys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jason_Mraz" title="Jason Mraz">Jason Mraz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Mayer" title="John Mayer">John Mayer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pink_(singer)" title="Pink (singer)">Pink</a> is prominent within the format.<a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-40">[40]</a> The "hot AC" designation began to appear in the 1990s; the term described adult contemporary stations with a more energetic presentation and uptempo sound than their softer counterparts.<a href="#cite_note-trib-softac-45">[45]</a> An early example of the format, Houston's <a href="/wiki/KHMX" title="KHMX">KHMX</a> Mix 96.5, climbed from 14th place in the market to third in the six months after its launch. The station's format and branding was widely replicated by other stations.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Many hot AC outlets are among the top stations in their respective market.<a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a> Initially focused more on pop rock, the format has evolved to reflect changes in the composition of this audience; by the mid-2000s, the format had evolved to include more uptempo pop music,<a href="#cite_note-:4-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a> <a href="/wiki/Crossover_music" title="Crossover music">crossovers</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Foster_the_People" title="Foster the People">Foster the People</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imagine_Dragons" title="Imagine Dragons">Imagine Dragons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lovelytheband" title="Lovelytheband">Lovelytheband</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Twenty_One_Pilots" title="Twenty One Pilots">Twenty One Pilots</a>) became more prevalent within the format during the 2010s.<a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-40">[40]</a> These developments helped to expand the popularity of the format among younger listeners such as <a href="/wiki/Millennial" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennial">millennials</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Audio" title="Nielsen Audio">Nielsen Audio</a> ranked hot AC as the third most-popular format among millennials, behind pop and <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-ir-hotacchr-42">[42]</a> Of the format's expanding demographic reach, <a href="/wiki/WOMX-FM" title="WOMX-FM">WOMX-FM</a> program director Dana Taylor stated that hot AC stations "may not be the radio station that everybody agrees on, but it's a radio station that everybody goes, 'I'm okay with that'."<a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a> The increasingly downtempo direction of pop hits in the mid-to-late 2010's also helped to attract additional listeners.<a href="#cite_note-ir-hotacchr-42">[42]</a> Hot AC stations typically keep a larger body of recent hits in rotation than those with rigid, chart-driven formats like CHR and <a href="/wiki/Urban_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban contemporary">urban contemporary</a>. As these stations' playlists have become concentrated towards airing only the current hits at a given time, hot AC airplay can build and sustain a song's popularity over a long-term period. This effect has been credited in helping build an audience for early singles from new acts such as <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Platten" title="Rachel Platten">Rachel Platten</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Fight_Song_(Rachel_Platten_song)" title="Fight Song (Rachel Platten song)">Fight Song</a>", which gained prominence for its use during <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_presidential_campaign,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2016">2016 US presidential election campaign</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Max_Schneider" title="Max Schneider">Max Schneider</a> (whose 2016 single "<a href="/wiki/Lights_Down_Low_(Max_song)" title="Lights Down Low (Max song)">Lights Down Low</a>", over a year after its original release, became a <a href="/wiki/Sleeper_hit" title="Sleeper hit">sleeper hit</a> on the Billboard <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_Top_40" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainstream Top 40">Mainstream Top 40</a> and <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Hot 100</a> due in part to strong hot AC airplay).<a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The popularity of the hot AC format prompted many mainstream AC stations to add uptempo music to their playlists, while still maintaining a deeper rotation of older hits than hot AC stations.<a href="#cite_note-ir-hotacchr-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modern_adult_contemporary">Modern adult contemporary</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Modern adult contemporary">edit</a>]</div> Modern adult contemporary refers to AC formats with a stronger lean towards <a href="/wiki/Modern_rock" title="Modern rock">modern rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">pop rock</a>. In the 1990s and early 2000s, modern AC was typically targeted towards women, with Mike Marino of <a href="/wiki/KMXB" title="KMXB">KMXB</a> in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas</a> describing the format as reaching "an audience that has outgrown the edgier hip-hop or alternative music but hasn't gotten old and sappy enough for the soft ACs."<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The format typically focused on female rock acts such as <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Colvin" title="Shawn Colvin">Shawn Colvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Crow" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indigo_Girls" title="Indigo Girls">Indigo Girls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewel_(singer)" title="Jewel (singer)">Jewel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_McLachlan" title="Sarah McLachlan">Sarah McLachlan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a>-influenced bands such as <a href="/wiki/Counting_Crows" title="Counting Crows">Counting Crows</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Wallflowers" title="The Wallflowers">The Wallflowers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Today, the format is fairly uncommon, with <a href="/wiki/KTCZ" class="mw-redirect" title="KTCZ">KTCZ</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> <a href="/wiki/Twin_Cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin Cities">Twin Cities</a> and <a href="/wiki/KMXP" title="KMXP">KMXP</a> in <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a> being some of the few modern AC stations left. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soft_adult_contemporary">Soft adult contemporary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Soft adult contemporary">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_soft_rock_artists_and_songs" title="List of soft rock artists and songs">List of soft rock artists and songs</a></div> The Soft adult contemporary format typically targets women 25–54 and <a href="/wiki/White-collar_worker" title="White-collar worker">at-work</a> listening. Soft AC playlists are generally conservative in comparison to hot AC, focusing on <a href="/wiki/Pop_ballad" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop ballad">pop and power ballads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">soft rock</a>, and other familiar, light hits.<a href="#cite_note-:2-53">[53]</a> Upon its establishment in the 1980s, the soft AC format was positioned as being a more upbeat version of <a href="/wiki/Easy_listening" title="Easy listening">easy listening</a> that would appeal better to a younger audience, mainly by excluding instrumental <a href="/wiki/Beautiful_music" title="Beautiful music">beautiful music</a>. Easy listening stations had begun shifting to the format out of concern that their existing programming would not appeal to the current generation of listeners.<a href="#cite_note-trib-softac-45">[45]</a> In a 1990 article, <a href="/wiki/James_Warren_(journalist)" title="James Warren (journalist)">James Warren</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a> characterized soft AC stations as being "as middle-of-the-road and unthreatening as modern media get", with personalities that were encouraged to be as inoffensive and "low-profile" as possible, and a more conservative music library than hot AC-leaning stations. In particular, Chicago's <a href="/wiki/WLIT" class="mw-redirect" title="WLIT">WLIT</a> did not have its airstaff talk over the beginning and endings of songs (in contrast to the hot AC-leaning <a href="/wiki/WKSC-FM" title="WKSC-FM">WFYR</a>), and played <a href="/wiki/Bob_Seger" title="Bob Seger">Bob Seger</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/We%27ve_Got_Tonite" title="We've Got Tonite">We've Got Tonite</a>" but not "<a href="/wiki/Old_Time_Rock_and_Roll" title="Old Time Rock and Roll">Old Time Rock and Roll</a>" (which was part of <a href="/wiki/WTMX" title="WTMX">WTMX</a>'s playlist). The director of a soft AC station in Connecticut, <a href="/wiki/WEZN-FM" title="WEZN-FM">WEZN-FM</a>, told Warren that he had barred the reading of top-of-hour news headlines, so that listeners wouldn't be tempted to tune away to an <a href="/wiki/All-news_radio" title="All-news radio">all-news</a> station to learn more.<a href="#cite_note-trib-softac-45">[45]</a> Soft AC stations tend to be more selective in their music libraries than other adult contemporary stations, preferring proven songs over current hits.<a href="#cite_note-trib-softac-45">[45]</a> Upon the onset of the format's popularity, core artists typically included singers such as <a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Manilow" title="Barry Manilow">Barry Manilow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mathis" title="Johnny Mathis">Johnny Mathis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a>. By the 1990s, to improve their appeal among changing demographics, some soft AC stations began to widen their playlist to include selections from contemporary acts with 80s, & 90s, musicians & bands such as <a href="/wiki/Bon_Jovi" title="Bon Jovi">Bon Jovi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Adams" title="Bryan Adams">Bryan Adams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roxette" title="Roxette">Roxette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cher" title="Cher">Cher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Journey_(band)" title="Journey (band)">Journey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a>. On the other hand, by 1996, New York's <a href="/wiki/WLTW" title="WLTW">WLTW</a> had begun to phase out its softer music in favor of a more uptempo direction.<a href="#cite_note-trib-softac-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In 2017, Inside Radio reported that soft AC had the third-largest decrease in US stations offering the format over the past decade (at 128), ranking behind only <a href="/wiki/Adult_standards" title="Adult standards">adult standards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oldies" title="Oldies">oldies</a>—a shift credited to aging demographics and a major boom in the wider-appealing <a href="/wiki/Classic_hits" title="Classic hits">classic hits</a> format (which saw the largest overall increase over the same period). Consultant Gary Berkowitz argued that the soft AC format had become increasingly irrelevant in comparison to mainstream and hot AC, due to <a href="/wiki/Portable_People_Meter" title="Portable People Meter">PPM</a> markets preferring uptempo music.<a href="#cite_note-:1-57">[57]</a> At the same time, however, soft AC began to experience a resurgence. In April 2016, <a href="/wiki/IHeartMedia" title="IHeartMedia">iHeartMedia</a> flipped its San Francisco classic soul station <a href="/wiki/KISQ" title="KISQ">KISQ</a> to soft AC as The Breeze; as of November 2018, it was the top station in the Bay Area. The trend continued into 2017 and 2018, with iHeartMedia extending its Breeze brand to other soft AC flips, and the brand (among others) being adopted by competitors such as <a href="/wiki/Entercom" class="mw-redirect" title="Entercom">Entercom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-53">[53]</a> Industry analyst Sean Ross argued that older demographics were becoming more lucrative due to changes in listening habits among younger audiences, which prefer digital platforms such as <a href="/wiki/Music_streaming_service" title="Music streaming service">music streaming services</a> over linear terrestrial radio, and also noted how mainstream AC was dependent on the Top 40 charts to break new songs.<a href="#cite_note-:2-53">[53]</a> Current soft AC stations have continued to feature recurrents such as <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bolton" title="Michael Bolton">Michael Bolton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a>, Elton John, <a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac" title="Fleetwood Mac">Fleetwood Mac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hall_%26_Oates" title="Hall & Oates">Hall & Oates</a>, and Whitney Houston, while contemporary musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bubl%C3%A9" title="Michael Bublé">Michael Bublé</a> have also become modern fixtures of the format.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-57">[57]</a> In addition, the soft AC sound has diversified to include more songs that are "safe and universal" but not necessarily "soft", with Ross presenting examples such as <a href="/wiki/Simple_Minds" title="Simple Minds">Simple Minds</a>' "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_You_(Forget_About_Me)" title="Don't You (Forget About Me)">Don't You (Forget About Me)</a>", the retroactively-defined genre of <a href="/wiki/Yacht_rock" title="Yacht rock">yacht rock</a>, and noting that <a href="/wiki/KSWD_(FM)" title="KSWD (FM)">KSWD</a> in Seattle—one of the stations that had launched in the soft AC "boom" of the late-2010s—had featured <a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">dance-</a> and <a href="/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">synth-pop</a> songs such as "<a href="/wiki/Poker_Face_(song)" title="Poker Face (song)">Poker Face</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Sweet_Dreams_(Are_Made_of_This)" title="Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)">Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Uptown_Funk" title="Uptown Funk">Uptown Funk</a>" in its final days as a soft AC station before flipping to hot AC the following month.<a href="#cite_note-:2-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-60">[60]</a> Over time, some stations have gradually adjusted their playlists to include more recurrents from the 1980s and 1970s (although not to the same extent as other "soft oldies" formats, such as <a href="/wiki/MeTV_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="MeTV FM">MeTV FM</a>, which have also grown in popularity).<a href="#cite_note-:2-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-61">[61]</a> Meanwhile, some classic hits and mainstream AC stations have increasingly aired songs that had historically been considered staples of soft AC.<a href="#cite_note-:7-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_adult_contemporary">Urban adult contemporary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Urban adult contemporary">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Urban_adult_contemporary" title="Urban adult contemporary">Urban adult contemporary</a> format focuses primarily on current and classic <a href="/wiki/R%26B" class="mw-redirect" title="R&B">R&B</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul music</a>. The format typically targets African-American adults: July 2018 numbers from Nielsen Audio recorded it as the top format among African-Americans 25–54 and 35–64.<a href="#cite_note-ir-urbanacratings-62">[62]</a> It also has a sizable popularity among younger listeners, ranking behind <a href="/wiki/Urban_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban contemporary">urban contemporary</a> as the second-most popular format among African-American adults 18–34 in the same report, with an 18.9 audience share.<a href="#cite_note-ir-urbanacratings-62">[62]</a> The format typically excludes youthful rhythmic music, such as commercial <a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop music">hip-hop</a> and rap, that are usually associated with the urban contemporary format.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The urban AC format is also associated with the "<a href="/wiki/Quiet_storm" title="Quiet storm">quiet storm</a>"—mellower R&B ballads and <a href="/wiki/Slow_jam" title="Slow jam">slow jams</a>, often in a <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>-influenced style. The <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_syndication" title="Broadcast syndication">syndicated</a> evening program <a href="/wiki/Keith_Sweat" title="Keith Sweat">Keith Sweat</a> Hotel focuses specifically on such music.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> As urban contemporary stations prefer hit-driven hip-hop songs, labels typically service R&B songs to the urban AC format only. Some current R&B musicians have complained that this is an artificial divide that prevents them from reaching a wider, mainstream audience (citing the relatively smaller number of urban AC outlets in comparison to urban and rhythmic), even with attempts to give some singles a hip-hop-influenced sound to improve the potential for <a href="/wiki/Crossover_music" title="Crossover music">crossover</a> appeal. Some acts have attempted to disassociate themselves from "R&B" to reduce the effect of this stigma, although <a href="/wiki/Music_streaming_service" title="Music streaming service">music streaming services</a> have helped to expose R&B to a wider audience beyond urban AC radio.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhythmic_adult_contemporary">Rhythmic adult contemporary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Rhythmic adult contemporary">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_adult_contemporary" title="Rhythmic adult contemporary">Rhythmic adult contemporary</a> format generally focuses on a variety of current and classic <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">dance-pop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop music">hip-hop</a>, and R&B (often resembling a blend of the <a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_oldies" title="Rhythmic oldies">rhythmic oldies</a> and hot AC formats in practice). The exact composition of current and recurrent content can vary between stations, depending on local cultures and the heritage of rhythmic formats in the market, ranging from late-80s/early-90s dance hits (including <a href="/wiki/Latin_freestyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin freestyle">latin freestyle</a>), to <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motown_(music_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Motown (music style)">Motown</a>. Rhythmic hot AC has also been used as a format, popularized by stations such as New York's <a href="/wiki/WKTU" title="WKTU">WKTU</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Smooth_adult_contemporary">Smooth adult contemporary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Smooth adult contemporary">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz_radio" title="Smooth jazz radio">Smooth jazz radio</a></div> The Smooth adult contemporary format is a variant of the smooth jazz format that incorporates mainstream and/or urban adult contemporary songs; they are designed to appeal to a wider range of demographics than a straight smooth jazz format. Some smooth AC stations may limit their airplay of jazz instrumentals to those by better-known performers such as <a href="/wiki/Kenny_G" title="Kenny G">Kenny G</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian_adult_contemporary">Christian adult contemporary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Christian adult contemporary">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">Contemporary Christian music</a> (CCM) has several subgenres, one being "Christian AC". <a href="/wiki/Radio_%26_Records" title="Radio & Records">Radio & Records</a>, for instance, lists Christian AC among its format charts. There has been crossover to mainstream and hot AC formats by many of the core artists of the Christian AC genre, notably <a href="/wiki/Amy_Grant" title="Amy Grant">Amy Grant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Smith" title="Michael W. Smith">Michael W. Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathy_Troccoli" title="Kathy Troccoli">Kathy Troccoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Curtis_Chapman" title="Steven Curtis Chapman">Steven Curtis Chapman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plumb_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plumb (band)">Plumb</a>, and more recently <a href="/wiki/Big_Daddy_Weave" title="Big Daddy Weave">Big Daddy Weave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casting_Crowns" title="Casting Crowns">Casting Crowns</a>, <a href="/wiki/For_King_%26_Country_(band)" title="For King & Country (band)">For King & Country</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Daigle" title="Lauren Daigle">Lauren Daigle</a>, <a href="/wiki/MercyMe" title="MercyMe">MercyMe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Newsboys" title="Newsboys">Newsboys</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_adult_contemporary">Spanish adult contemporary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Spanish adult contemporary">edit</a>]</div> A number of Spanish-language stations in the U.S. run versions of the adult contemporary format oriented towards <a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin pop</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/TelevisaUnivision" title="TelevisaUnivision">TelevisaUnivision</a>'s <a href="/wiki/KLVE" title="KLVE">KLVE</a> Los Angeles (one of the highest-rated Spanish-language radio stations in the country); upon its launch in 2014, Spanish AC station <a href="/wiki/KOAI" title="KOAI">KVIB</a> identified core artists such as <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Alejandro Fernández">Alejandro Fernández</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ana_Gabriel" title="Ana Gabriel">Ana Gabriel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romeo_Santos" title="Romeo Santos">Romeo Santos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joan_Sebastian" title="Joan Sebastian">Joan Sebastian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> In 2023, <a href="/wiki/IHeartMedia" title="IHeartMedia">iHeartMedia</a> began to roll out a variation of the Spanish AC format on some of its stations, featuring a gold-based mix of Latin pop and English-language, mainstream AC hits from the 1980s and 1990s (with core artists such as the <a href="/wiki/Backstreet_Boys" title="Backstreet Boys">Backstreet Boys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Crossover_music" title="Crossover music">crossovers</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Estefan" title="Gloria Estefan">Gloria Estefan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shakira" title="Shakira">Shakira</a>),<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-:02-83">[83]</a> and programming presented in Spanish. The format is intended to appeal to <a href="/wiki/Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism">bilingual</a> audiences.<a href="#cite_note-:12-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-:02-83">[83]</a> First introduced by <a href="/wiki/WMIA-FM" title="WMIA-FM">WMIA-FM</a> in Miami, the hybrid format quickly proved successful,<a href="#cite_note-:72-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-86">[86]</a> prompting iHeartMedia to replicate it at <a href="/wiki/KXXM" title="KXXM">KXXM</a> San Antonio,<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> and similar formats appearing at stations such as <a href="/wiki/WOEX" title="WOEX">WOEX</a> in Orlando,<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <a href="/wiki/KOIT" title="KOIT">KOIT-DT3</a>/<a href="/wiki/KUFX" title="KUFX">KUFX-DT2</a> in the San Francisco Bay Area,<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> and <a href="/wiki/K246BD" class="mw-redirect" title="K246BD">KGSR-HD4</a> in Austin.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adult_album_alternative">Adult album alternative</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Adult album alternative">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Adult_album_alternative" title="Adult album alternative">Adult album alternative</a> (triple-A or AAA) format generally features a diverse playlist of music that appeals to an adult audience, with a focus on emerging songs and artists, and often featuring songs that were not released as singles. The exact composition of a triple-A station's playlist can vary, with <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">indie pop</a> commonly used as core genres, and some stations featuring more uncommon genres such as <a href="/wiki/Alternative_country" title="Alternative country">alternative country</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americana_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Americana (music)">Americana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">world music</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> observed in 2018 that roughly half of all triple-A stations in the U.S. were <a href="/wiki/Non-commercial_educational_station" title="Non-commercial educational station">non-commercial stations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mccabe-91">[91]</a> With the wide variety of music that is serviced to the format, adult album alternative charts have often served as a feeder for other adult contemporary formats, especially hot AC, and have been credited for breaking acts such as <a href="/wiki/Dave_Matthews_Band" title="Dave Matthews Band">Dave Matthews Band</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lorde" title="Lorde">Lorde</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mccabe-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-wnew-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-bach-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christmas_music">Christmas music</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Christmas music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christmas_music#Radio_broadcasting_of_Christmas_music" title="Christmas music">Christmas music § Radio broadcasting of Christmas music</a></div> Since the 1990s, it has become common for many AC stations, particularly soft AC stations, to play primarily or exclusively <a href="/wiki/Christmas_music" title="Christmas music">Christmas music</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season">Christmas season</a> in November and December. While these tend mostly to be contemporary seasonal recordings by the same artists featured under the normal format, most stations will also air at least some vintage holiday tunes from older pop, <a href="/wiki/Middle_of_the_road_(music)" title="Middle of the road (music)">MOR</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adult_standards" title="Adult standards">adult standards</a> artists – such as <a href="/wiki/Boney_M." title="Boney M.">Boney M.</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Carpenters" title="The Carpenters">The Carpenters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Percy_Faith" title="Percy Faith">Percy Faith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mannheim_Steamroller" title="Mannheim Steamroller">Mannheim Steamroller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mathis" title="Johnny Mathis">Johnny Mathis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Orchestra" title="Trans-Siberian Orchestra">Trans-Siberian Orchestra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andy_Williams" title="Andy Williams">Andy Williams</a> – many of whom would never be played on these stations during the rest of the year. These Christmas music marathons typically start a few weeks before <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving Day</a> and end after Christmas Day, or sometimes extending to New Year's Day. Afterwards, the stations usually resume their normal music fare. Several stations begin the holiday format much earlier, at the beginning of November especially after <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a>. The roots of this tradition can be traced back to the <a href="/wiki/Beautiful_music" title="Beautiful music">beautiful music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Easy_listening" title="Easy listening">easy listening</a> stations of the 1960s and 1970s.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syndicated_radio_shows_and_networks_carrying_the_adult_contemporary_format">Syndicated radio shows and networks carrying the adult contemporary format</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Syndicated radio shows and networks carrying the adult contemporary format">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delilah_Rene" class="mw-redirect" title="Delilah Rene">Delilah</a> – One of the US's <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-listened-to_radio_programs" title="List of most-listened-to radio programs">most popular radio shows</a>, Delilah airs primarily in the evening. Its Christmas Edition airs from mid-November to late December.</li> <li>Intelligence for Your Life – Hosted by <a href="/wiki/John_Tesh" title="John Tesh">John Tesh</a>, this show also airs evenings and also on weekends.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Top_40" title="American Top 40">American Top 40</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Seacrest" title="Ryan Seacrest">Ryan Seacrest</a> – One version of AT40 airs on US hot AC stations, which is a little different from its Top-40/CHR counterpart.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Dees_Weekly_Top_40" title="Rick Dees Weekly Top 40">Rick Dees Weekly Top 40</a>/Weekly Top 30 – Began offering Hot AC versions of the popular countdown show in June 1996. These shows feature the top 20 Hot AC songs in the US along with about 10 past hits from the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s (decade). A softer "AC" version was added in July 2009 to try to fill in the void left by <a href="/wiki/Casey_Kasem" title="Casey Kasem">Casey Kasem</a> ending his AC countdown.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Disney" title="Radio Disney">Radio Disney</a> Music Top 30 Countdown, One version is for Hot AC stations, the other version is for Mainstream AC stations. Plays the USA Top 30 songs of the week according to Mediabase and a music rating service called ratethemusic.com. This show, like Rick Dees' show, is distributed by Compass Media Networks.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backtrax_USA" title="Backtrax USA">Backtrax USA</a> with Kid Kelly – Weekend programs focusing on the <a href="/wiki/1980s_in_music" title="1980s in music">'80s</a> and <a href="/wiki/1990s_in_music" title="1990s in music">'90s</a>, targeted for hot AC stations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadel_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Citadel Media">ABC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dial_Global" class="mw-redirect" title="Dial Global">Dial Global</a> both offer AC 24-hour networks programming soft and hot AC.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Joyner" title="Tom Joyner">Tom Joyner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Harvey" title="Steve Harvey">Steve Harvey</a> have popular morning shows that air on urban AC (and sometimes Hip-Hop) stations. Both shows are often heard on competing stations in the same city, such as <a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>. Joyner's show is syndicated by <a href="/wiki/Citadel_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Citadel Media">ABC Radio</a>, and Harvey's show by <a href="/wiki/Premiere_Radio_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiere Radio Networks">Premiere Radio Networks</a>.</li> <li>Retro Rewind with Dave Harris is a weekend-based radio show highlighting a massive playlist of songs from the <a href="/wiki/1980s_in_music" title="1980s in music">1980s</a> and <a href="/wiki/1990s_in_music" title="1990s in music">1990s</a>, interviews, spotlights and contests. The show is done live across the US on Saturday nights, taking audience requests. The show is targeted towards HOT AC and AC radio stations.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/EZ_Rock" title="EZ Rock">EZ Rock</a> network is a brand/network of soft AC heard in Canada.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart Network">Heart</a> - A radio network in the UK that grew throughout 2009 as more stations were rebranded as "Heart".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_Radio_(2014)" title="Smooth Radio (2014)">Smooth Radio</a> – A UK-wide radio network that formed from six regional Smooth Radio stations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoothfm" title="Smoothfm">Smoothfm</a> – A network of two Australian commercial radio stations (based in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>) that are focused on providing an eclectic easy-listening playlist, usually featuring ballads.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_(radio_network)" title="Nova (radio network)">Nova</a> – A network of five Australian commercial radio station (based in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>) that are very similar to <a href="/wiki/Smoothfm" title="Smoothfm">Smoothfm</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Breeze_(New_Zealand_radio_station)" title="The Breeze (New Zealand radio station)">The Breeze</a> – A group of New Zealand adult contemporary radio stations owned by MediaWorks Radio. There are 20 stations currently broadcasting throughout New Zealand.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bob_and_Sheri_Show" title="The Bob and Sheri Show">The Bob and Sheri Show</a> – American morning drive show based in <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a>. Heard on more than 50 AC stations and the <a href="/wiki/American_Forces_Network" title="American Forces Network">American Forces Network</a></li></ul> Former syndicated programming includes Dick Clark's US Music Survey (1996–2005), Casey's Hot 20/Casey's Countdown/American Top 20/10 (1992–2009) and Top 30 USA. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_Contemporary_(chart)" title="Adult Contemporary (chart)">Adult Contemporary</a>, a chart appearing in <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> since 1961. This chart is typically (but not exclusively) closer to soft AC.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_hit_radio" title="Contemporary hit radio">Contemporary hit radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-age_music" title="New-age music">New-age music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht_rock" title="Yacht rock">Yacht rock</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120202012622/http://oldies.about.com/od/oldieshistory/g/adultcontemp.htm">"Oldies Music Glossary: "Adult Contemporary""</a>. 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See also New York Times archive. </li> <li id="cite_note-bach-93"><a href="#cite_ref-bach_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBachman2001" class="citation journal cs1">Bachman, Katy (September 3, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Mediaweek/2001/Mediaweek-2001-09-03.pdf">"Adult Album Alternative outlets balance acts"</a> (Free PDF download). <a href="/wiki/Mediaweek_(American_magazine)" title="Mediaweek (American magazine)">Mediaweek</a>. 11 (32). New York City: 9–10. Retrieved September 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mediaweek&rft.atitle=Adult+Album+Alternative+outlets+balance+acts&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=32&rft.pages=9-10&rft.date=2001-09-03&rft.aulast=Bachman&rft.aufirst=Katy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Mediaweek%2F2001%2FMediaweek-2001-09-03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdult+contemporary+music" class="Z3988"> See pages 9 and 10 </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adult_contemporary_music&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140719081710/http://ambitionentertainment.com/ambition-music-artists">Artists | Ambition Entertainment</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150628151649/http://www.rebirthmusicproductions.com/">Rebirth Music Productions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006014151/http://www.gadmusiccompnay.com/">GAD Music Company</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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href="/wiki/Urban_adult_contemporary" title="Urban adult contemporary">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative pop">Alternative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paisley_Underground" title="Paisley Underground">Paisley Underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambient pop">Ambient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_pop" title="Art pop">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-pop" title="Avant-pop">Avant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_music" title="Beach music">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brill_Building_(genre)" title="Brill Building (genre)">Brill Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubblegum_music" title="Bubblegum music">Bubblegum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">Contemporary Christian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_pop" title="Country pop">Country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bro-country" title="Bro-country">Bro-country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_pop" title="Cowboy pop">Cowboy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cringe_pop" title="Cringe pop">Cringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancehall_pop" title="Dancehall pop">Dancehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">Dance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_music" title="Freestyle music">Freestyle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disco_polo" title="Disco polo">Disco polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk-pop" title="Folk-pop">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperpop" title="Hyperpop">Hyperpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnagogic_pop" title="Hypnagogic pop">Hypnagogic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">Indie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_sound" title="Dunedin sound">Dunedin sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twee_pop" title="Twee pop">Twee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operatic_pop" title="Operatic pop">Operatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_pop" title="Orchestral pop">Orchestral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rap" title="Pop rap">Pop rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">Pop rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emo_pop" title="Emo pop">Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_metal" title="Pop metal">Pop metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-punk" title="Pop-punk">Pop-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_pop" title="Power pop">Power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_pop" title="Progressive pop">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_pop" title="Psychedelic pop">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlager_music" title="Schlager music">Schlager music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisti-pop" title="Sophisti-pop">Sophisti-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_age_pop" title="Space age pop">Space age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_pop" title="Sunshine pop">Sunshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_pop" title="Swamp pop">Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">Synth-pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">Electropop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurepop" title="Futurepop">Futurepop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_pop" title="Teen pop">Teen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonky_pop" title="Wonky pop">Wonky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_popular_music" title="African popular music">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats" title="Afrobeats">Afrobeats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_pop" title="Moroccan pop">Moroccan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_popular_music" title="American popular music">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina#Popular_music" title="Music of Argentina">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_popular_brasileira" title="Música popular brasileira">Brazilian (MPB)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brega_pop" title="Brega pop">Brega pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropipop" title="Tropipop">Tropipop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_pop_music" title="Mexican pop music">Mexican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_ola" title="Nueva ola">Nueva ola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_pop" title="Arabic pop">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk/pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian folk/pop music">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_pop_music" title="Azerbaijani pop music">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-pop" title="C-pop">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantopop" title="Cantopop">Cantopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_popular_music" title="Hakka popular music">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien_pop" title="Hokkien pop">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandopop" title="Mandopop">Mandopop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Mandopop" title="French Mandopop">French</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyao" title="Xinyao">Xinyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongguo_feng_(music)" title="Zhongguo feng (music)">Zhongguo feng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinoiserie music">Chinoiserie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_English_pop" title="Hong Kong English pop">Hong Kong English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_pop" title="Indian pop">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(music)" title="Bhangra (music)">Bhangra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmi" title="Filmi">Filmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva_pop" title="Hindutva pop">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_pop" title="Indo pop">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_pop_music" title="Iranian pop music">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Kayōkyoku">Kayōkyoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABk%C5%8Dka" title="Ryūkōka">Ryūkōka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibuya-kei" title="Shibuya-kei">Shibuya-kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-pop" title="Q-pop">Kazakhstani</a></li> <li>Korean <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Korea#Pop_music" title="Music of North Korea">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_pop" title="Lao pop">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian pop">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani pop music">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_pop" title="Pinoy pop">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_pop_music" title="Thai pop music">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-pop" title="V-pop">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austropop" title="Austropop">Austropop</a></li> <li>Balkan pop-folk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalga" title="Chalga">Chalga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFko" title="Laïko">Laïko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo-folk" title="Turbo-folk">Turbo-folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_pop_music" title="British pop music">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederpop" title="Nederpop">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nederbeat" title="Nederbeat">Nederbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_pop" title="New pop">New pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europop" title="Europop">Europop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_pop_music" title="French pop music">French pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Mandopop" title="French Mandopop">French Mandopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9-y%C3%A9" title="Yé-yé">Yé-yé</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_pop" title="Hungarian pop">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_popular_music#Rock_and_pop" title="Italian popular music">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Pop_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Calgija" title="Čalgija">Čalgija</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabiz_(music_genre)" title="Rabiz (music genre)">Rabiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzic%C4%83_popular%C4%83" title="Muzică populară">Romanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_pop" title="Russian pop">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlager_music" title="Schlager music">Schlager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_pop" title="Serbian pop">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_popular_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish popular music">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish pop music">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular music in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Soviet_Union#Popular_music" title="Music of the Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VIA_music" class="mw-redirect" title="VIA music">VIA music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music_in_Ukraine" title="Pop music in Ukraine">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celebrity" title="Celebrity">Celebrity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_soxer_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobby soxer (music)">Bobby soxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasaeng_fan" title="Sasaeng fan">Sasaeng fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teenybopper" title="Teenybopper">Teenybopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol#Fan_culture" title="Japanese idol">Wota</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music" title="Honorific nicknames in popular music">Honorific nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_fashion" title="Music and fashion">Music and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music_automation" title="Pop music automation">Pop music automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_pedagogy" title="Popular music pedagogy">Popular music pedagogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockism_and_poptimism" title="Rockism and poptimism">Rockism and poptimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_manager" title="Talent manager">Talent manager</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talent_agent" title="Talent agent">Talent agent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_idol" title="Teen idol">Teen idol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boy_band" title="Boy band">Boy band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_group" title="Girl group">Girl group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verse%E2%80%93chorus_form" title="Verse–chorus form">Verse–chorus form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_band" title="Virtual band">Virtual band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldbeat" title="Worldbeat">Worldbeat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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