Help | Python.org

<!doctype html>    <html class="no-js" lang="en" dir="ltr">  <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-TF35YF9CVH"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-TF35YF9CVH'); </script>  <script defer data-domain="python.org" src="https://plausible.io/js/script.js"></script> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <link rel="prefetch" href="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.2/jquery.min.js"> <link rel="prefetch" href="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js"> <meta name="application-name" content="Python.org"> <meta name="msapplication-tooltip" content="The official home of the Python Programming Language"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Python.org"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta http-equiv="cleartype" content="on"> <meta http-equiv="imagetoolbar" content="false"> <script async src="https://media.ethicalads.io/media/client/v1.4.0/ethicalads.min.js" integrity="sha256-U3hKDidudIaxBDEzwGJApJgPEf2mWk6cfMWghrAa6i0= sha384-UcmsCqcNRSLW/dV3Lo1oCi2/VaurXbib6p4HyUEOeIa/4OpsrnucrugAefzVZJfI sha512-q4t1L4xEjGV2R4hzqCa41P8jrgFUS8xTb8rdNv4FGvw7FpydVj/kkxBJHOiaoxHa8olCcx1Slk9K+3sNbsM4ug==" crossorigin="anonymous" ></script> <script src="/static/js/libs/modernizr.js"></script> <link href="/static/stylesheets/style.08a078d0aa02.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" title="default" /> <link href="/static/stylesheets/mq.31ede2afc427.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="not print, braille, embossed, speech, tty" /> <link href="/static/stylesheets/no-mq.bf0c425cdb73.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/static/favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="/static/apple-touch-icon-144x144-precomposed.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="/static/apple-touch-icon-114x114-precomposed.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="/static/apple-touch-icon-72x72-precomposed.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/static/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/static/metro-icon-144x144.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#3673a5"> <meta name="msapplication-navbutton-color" content="#3673a5"> <title>Help | Python.org</title> <meta name="description" content="The official home of the Python Programming Language"> <meta name="keywords" content="Python programming language object oriented web free open source software license documentation download community"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Python.org"> <meta property="og:title" content="Help"> <meta property="og:description" content="The official home of the Python Programming Language"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.python.org/static/opengraph-icon-200x200.png"> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://www.python.org/static/opengraph-icon-200x200.png"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.python.org/about/help/"> <link rel="author" href="/humans.txt"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Python Enhancement Proposals" href="https://peps.python.org/peps.rss"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Python Job Opportunities" href="https://www.python.org/jobs/feed/rss/"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Python Software Foundation News" href="https://feeds.feedburner.com/PythonSoftwareFoundationNews"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Python Insider" href="https://feeds.feedburner.com/PythonInsider"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Python Releases" href="https://www.python.org/downloads/feed.rss"> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "WebSite", "url": "https://www.python.org/", "potentialAction": { "@type": "SearchAction", "target": "https://www.python.org/search/?q={search_term_string}", "query-input": "required name=search_term_string" } } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-39055973-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> </head> <body class="python pages default-page"> <div id="touchnav-wrapper"> <div id="nojs" class="do-not-print"> <p><strong>Notice:</strong> While JavaScript is not essential for this website, your interaction with the content will be limited. Please turn JavaScript on for the full experience. </p> </div>   <div id="top" class="top-bar do-not-print"> <nav class="meta-navigation container" role="navigation"> <div class="skip-link screen-reader-text"> <a href="#content" title="Skip to content">Skip to content</a> </div> <a id="close-python-network" class="jump-link" href="#python-network" aria-hidden="true"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon-arrow-down"><span>▼</span></span> Close </a> <ul class="menu" role="tree"> <li class="python-meta current_branch selected"> <a href="/" title="The Python Programming Language" class="current_branch selected">Python</a> </li> <li class="psf-meta "> <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/" title="The Python Software Foundation" >PSF</a> </li> <li class="docs-meta "> <a href="https://docs.python.org" title="Python Documentation" >Docs</a> </li> <li class="pypi-meta "> <a href="https://pypi.org/" title="Python Package Index" >PyPI</a> </li> <li class="jobs-meta "> <a href="/jobs/" title="Python Job Board" >Jobs</a> </li> <li class="shop-meta "> <a href="/community/" >Community</a> </li> </ul> <a id="python-network" class="jump-link" href="#top" aria-hidden="true"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon-arrow-up"><span>▲</span></span> The Python Network </a> </nav> </div>  <header class="main-header" role="banner"> <div class="container"> <h1 class="site-headline"> <a href="/"><img class="python-logo" src="/static/img/python-logo.png" alt="python™"></a> </h1> <div class="options-bar-container do-not-print"> <a href="https://psfmember.org/civicrm/contribute/transact?reset=1&id=2" class="donate-button">Donate</a> <div class="options-bar"> <a id="site-map-link" class="jump-to-menu" href="#site-map"><span class="menu-icon">&equiv;</span> Menu</a><form class="search-the-site" action="/search/" method="get"> <fieldset title="Search Python.org"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon-search"></span> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="id-search-field">Search This Site</label> <input id="id-search-field" name="q" type="search" role="textbox" class="search-field" placeholder="Search" value="" tabindex="1"> <button type="submit" name="submit" id="submit" class="search-button" title="Submit this Search" tabindex="3"> GO </button>  </fieldset> </form><span class="breaker"></span><div class="adjust-font-size" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="navigation menu" aria-label="Adjust Text Size on Page"> <li class="tier-1 last" aria-haspopup="true"> <a href="#" class="action-trigger"><strong><small>A</small> A</strong></a> <ul class="subnav menu"> <li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a class="text-shrink" title="Make Text Smaller" href="javascript:;">Smaller</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a class="text-grow" title="Make Text Larger" href="javascript:;">Larger</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a class="text-reset" title="Reset any font size changes I have made" href="javascript:;">Reset</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div><div class="winkwink-nudgenudge"> <ul class="navigation menu" aria-label="Social Media Navigation"> <li class="tier-1 last" aria-haspopup="true"> <a href="#" class="action-trigger">Socialize</a> <ul class="subnav menu"> <li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/python-software-foundation/"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-linkedin-square"></i>LinkedIn</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="https://fosstodon.org/@ThePSF"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon-mastodon"></span>Mastodon</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="/community/irc/"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon-freenode"></span>Chat on IRC</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="https://twitter.com/ThePSF"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon-twitter"></span>Twitter</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <span data-html-include="/authenticated"></span> </div> </div> <nav id="mainnav" class="python-navigation main-navigation do-not-print" role="navigation"> <ul class="navigation menu" role="menubar" aria-label="Main Navigation"> <li id="about" class="tier-1 element-1 " aria-haspopup="true"> <a href="/about/" title="" class=" selected">About</a> <ul class="subnav menu" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="/about/apps/" title="">Applications</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="/about/quotes/" title="">Quotes</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="/about/gettingstarted/" title="">Getting Started</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="/about/help/" title="">Help</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-5" role="treeitem"><a href="http://brochure.getpython.info/" title="">Python Brochure</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="downloads" class="tier-1 element-2 " aria-haspopup="true"> <a href="/downloads/" title="" class="">Downloads</a> <ul class="subnav menu" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="/downloads/" title="">All releases</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="/downloads/source/" title="">Source code</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="/downloads/windows/" title="">Windows</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="/downloads/macos/" title="">macOS</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-5" role="treeitem"><a href="/download/other/" title="">Other Platforms</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-6" role="treeitem"><a href="https://docs.python.org/3/license.html" title="">License</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-7" role="treeitem"><a href="/download/alternatives" title="">Alternative Implementations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="documentation" class="tier-1 element-3 " aria-haspopup="true"> <a href="/doc/" title="" class="">Documentation</a> <ul class="subnav menu" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="/doc/" title="">Docs</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="/doc/av" title="">Audio/Visual Talks</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide" title="">Beginner's Guide</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="https://devguide.python.org/" title="">Developer's Guide</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-5" role="treeitem"><a href="https://docs.python.org/faq/" title="">FAQ</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-6" role="treeitem"><a href="http://wiki.python.org/moin/Languages" title="">Non-English Docs</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-7" role="treeitem"><a href="https://peps.python.org" title="">PEP Index</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-8" role="treeitem"><a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks" title="">Python Books</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-9" role="treeitem"><a href="/doc/essays/" title="">Python Essays</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="community" class="tier-1 element-4 " aria-haspopup="true"> <a href="/community/" title="" class="">Community</a> <ul class="subnav menu" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="/community/diversity/" title="">Diversity</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="/community/lists/" title="">Mailing Lists</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="/community/irc/" title="">IRC</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="/community/forums/" title="">Forums</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-5" role="treeitem"><a href="/psf/annual-report/2021/" title="">PSF Annual Impact Report</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-6" role="treeitem"><a href="/community/workshops/" title="">Python Conferences</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-7" role="treeitem"><a href="/community/sigs/" title="">Special Interest Groups</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-8" role="treeitem"><a href="/community/logos/" title="">Python Logo</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-9" role="treeitem"><a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/" title="">Python Wiki</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-10" role="treeitem"><a href="/psf/conduct/" title="">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-11" role="treeitem"><a href="/community/awards" title="">Community Awards</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-12" role="treeitem"><a href="/psf/get-involved/" title="">Get Involved</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-13" role="treeitem"><a href="/psf/community-stories/" title="">Shared Stories</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="success-stories" class="tier-1 element-5 " aria-haspopup="true"> <a href="/success-stories/" title="success-stories" class="">Success Stories</a> <ul class="subnav menu" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="/success-stories/category/arts/" title="">Arts</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="/success-stories/category/business/" title="">Business</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="/success-stories/category/education/" title="">Education</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="/success-stories/category/engineering/" title="">Engineering</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-5" role="treeitem"><a href="/success-stories/category/government/" title="">Government</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-6" role="treeitem"><a href="/success-stories/category/scientific/" title="">Scientific</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-7" role="treeitem"><a href="/success-stories/category/software-development/" title="">Software Development</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="news" class="tier-1 element-6 " aria-haspopup="true"> <a href="/blogs/" title="News from around the Python world" class="">News</a> <ul class="subnav menu" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="/blogs/" title="Python Insider Blog Posts">Python News</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="/psf/newsletter/" title="Python Software Foundation Newsletter">PSF Newsletter</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="http://pyfound.blogspot.com/" title="PSF Blog">PSF News</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="http://pycon.blogspot.com/" title="PyCon Blog">PyCon US News</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-5" role="treeitem"><a href="http://planetpython.org/" title="Planet Python">News from the Community</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="events" class="tier-1 element-7 " aria-haspopup="true"> <a href="/events/" title="" class="">Events</a> <ul class="subnav menu" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="/events/python-events/" title="">Python Events</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="/events/python-user-group/" title="">User Group Events</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="/events/python-events/past/" title="">Python Events Archive</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="/events/python-user-group/past/" title="">User Group Events Archive</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-5" role="treeitem"><a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEventsCalendar#Submitting_an_Event" title="">Submit an Event</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="header-banner ">  </div> </div> </header> <div id="content" class="content-wrapper">  <div class="container"> <section class="main-content with-left-sidebar" role="main"> <ul class="breadcrumbs menu"> <li> <a href="/" title="The Python Programming Language">Python</a><span class="prompt">>>></span> </li> <li> <a href="/about/" >About</a><span class="prompt">>>></span> </li> <li>Help</li> </ul> <article class="text"> <header class="article-header"> <h1 class="page-title">Help</h1> </header> <div class="section" id="new-to-programming-and-to-python"> <h1>New to programming and to Python?</h1> <ul class="simple"> <li>Check out the <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide">Beginner's Guide</a>.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="section" id="new-to-python"> <h1>New to Python?</h1> <ul class="simple"> <li>Read the standard <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/">tutorial</a>.</li> <li>Look for a suitable book from <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks">a growing list of titles</a>.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="section" id="looking-for-code"> <h1>Looking for code?</h1> <ul class="simple"> <li>See the <a class="reference external" href="/download/">download page</a> for links to the Python interpreter.</li> <li>Explore the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython">development repository</a>.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="section" id="got-a-python-problem-or-question"> <h1>Got a Python problem or question?</h1> <ul class="simple"> <li>First check the <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/faq/index.html">Python FAQs</a>, with answers to many common, general Python questions.</li> <li>The <a class="reference external" href="https://discuss.python.org/c/help/">Python Help category of the discuss.python.org website</a> hosts usage questions and answers from the Python community.</li> <li>The <a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor">tutor list</a> offers interactive help.</li> <li>If the tutor list isn't your cup of tea, there are many <a class="reference external" href="/community/lists/">other mailing lists and newsgroups</a>.</li> <li><a class="reference external" href="https://stackoverflow.com">Stack Overflow</a> has many <a class="reference external" href="https://stackoverflow.com/tags/python">Python questions and answers</a>.</li> <li>You can post questions and ask for general advice about your code at the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/learnpython/">r/LearnPython</a> subreddit.</li> <li>If you suspect a bug in the Python core, search the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues">Python Bug Tracker</a>.</li> <li>If you think you've found a security vulnerability in Python, please read <a class="reference external" href="/dev/security/">the instructions for reporting security issues</a>.</li> <li>If you've found a problem with this web site, check the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/pythondotorg/issues/">pythondotorg issue tracker</a>.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="section" id="looking-for-a-particular-python-module-or-application"> <h1>Looking for a particular Python module or application?</h1> <ul class="simple"> <li>Try the <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.python.org/">Python Package Index</a> to browse and search an extensive list of registered packages.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="section" id="want-to-contribute"> <h1>Want to contribute?</h1> <ul class="simple"> <li>To report a bug in the Python core, use the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues">Python Bug Tracker</a>.</li> <li>To report a problem with this web site, use the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/pythondotorg/issues/">pythondotorg issue tracker</a>.</li> <li>To contribute a bug fix or other patch to the Python core, see the <a class="reference external" href="https://devguide.python.org/">Python Developer's Guide</a>.</li> <li>To contribute to the official <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org">Python documentation</a>, use the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues">Issue Tracker</a> to contribute a documentation patch. See also the guide to <a class="reference external" href="https://devguide.python.org/docquality.html">Helping with Documentation</a>.</li> <li>To contribute to the official Python website, see the <a class="reference external" href="/about/website/">About the Python Web Site</a> page or read the <a class="reference external" href="https://pythondotorg.readthedocs.io/index.html">developer guide on Read the Docs</a>.</li> <li>To announce your module or application to the Python community, use <a class="reference external" href="news:comp.lang.python.announce">comp.lang.python.announce</a> (or via email, <a class="reference external" href="mailto:python-announce@python.org">python-announce@python.org</a>, if you lack news access). More info: <a class="reference external" href="/community/lists/#clpa">the announcements newsgroup description</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="section" id="need-to-contact-the-python-software-foundation"> <h1>Need to contact the Python Software Foundation?</h1> <ul class="simple"> <li>Contact <a class="reference external" href="mailto:psf@python.org">psf@python.org</a> and let us know how we can help!</li> </ul> </div> <div class="section" id="problems-with-this-website"> <h1>Problems with this website?</h1> <ul class="simple"> <li>If you're having issues with python.org itself, contact <a class="reference external" href="mailto:webmaster@python.org">webmaster@python.org</a> and let us know how we can help!</li> </ul> </div> <div class="section" id="other-issues"> <h1>Other Issues?</h1> <ul class="simple"> <li>If you have a question not answered here, please <a class="reference external" href="https://discuss.python.org">reach out on discuss.python.org</a>.</li> </ul> </div> </article> </section> <aside class="left-sidebar" role="secondary"> <div class="psf-sidebar-widget sidebar-widget"> <h3 class="widget-title">The PSF</h3> <p>The Python Software Foundation is the organization behind Python. Become a member of the PSF and help advance the software and our mission. </p> </div> </aside> </div> </div>  <footer id="site-map" class="main-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="main-footer-links"> <div class="container"> <a id="back-to-top-1" class="jump-link" href="#python-network"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon-arrow-up"><span>▲</span></span> Back to Top</a> <ul class="sitemap navigation menu do-not-print" role="tree" id="container"> <li class="tier-1 element-1"> <a href="/about/" >About</a> <ul class="subnav menu"> <li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="/about/apps/" title="">Applications</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="/about/quotes/" title="">Quotes</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="/about/gettingstarted/" title="">Getting Started</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="/about/help/" title="">Help</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-5" role="treeitem"><a href="http://brochure.getpython.info/" title="">Python Brochure</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="tier-1 element-2"> <a href="/downloads/" >Downloads</a> <ul class="subnav menu"> <li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="/downloads/" title="">All releases</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="/downloads/source/" title="">Source code</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="/downloads/windows/" title="">Windows</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="/downloads/macos/" title="">macOS</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-5" role="treeitem"><a href="/download/other/" title="">Other Platforms</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-6" role="treeitem"><a href="https://docs.python.org/3/license.html" title="">License</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-7" role="treeitem"><a href="/download/alternatives" title="">Alternative Implementations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="tier-1 element-3"> <a href="/doc/" >Documentation</a> <ul class="subnav menu"> <li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="/doc/" title="">Docs</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="/doc/av" title="">Audio/Visual Talks</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide" title="">Beginner's Guide</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="https://devguide.python.org/" title="">Developer's Guide</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-5" role="treeitem"><a href="https://docs.python.org/faq/" title="">FAQ</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-6" role="treeitem"><a href="http://wiki.python.org/moin/Languages" title="">Non-English Docs</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-7" role="treeitem"><a href="https://peps.python.org" title="">PEP Index</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-8" role="treeitem"><a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonBooks" title="">Python Books</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-9" role="treeitem"><a href="/doc/essays/" title="">Python Essays</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="tier-1 element-4"> <a href="/community/" >Community</a> <ul class="subnav menu"> <li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="/community/diversity/" title="">Diversity</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="/community/lists/" title="">Mailing Lists</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="/community/irc/" title="">IRC</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="/community/forums/" title="">Forums</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-5" role="treeitem"><a href="/psf/annual-report/2021/" title="">PSF Annual Impact Report</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-6" role="treeitem"><a href="/community/workshops/" title="">Python Conferences</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-7" role="treeitem"><a href="/community/sigs/" title="">Special Interest Groups</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-8" role="treeitem"><a href="/community/logos/" title="">Python Logo</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-9" role="treeitem"><a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/" title="">Python Wiki</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-10" role="treeitem"><a href="/psf/conduct/" title="">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-11" role="treeitem"><a href="/community/awards" title="">Community Awards</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-12" role="treeitem"><a href="/psf/get-involved/" title="">Get Involved</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-13" role="treeitem"><a href="/psf/community-stories/" title="">Shared Stories</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="tier-1 element-5"> <a href="/success-stories/" title="success-stories">Success Stories</a> <ul class="subnav menu"> <li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="/success-stories/category/arts/" title="">Arts</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="/success-stories/category/business/" title="">Business</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="/success-stories/category/education/" title="">Education</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="/success-stories/category/engineering/" title="">Engineering</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-5" role="treeitem"><a href="/success-stories/category/government/" title="">Government</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-6" role="treeitem"><a href="/success-stories/category/scientific/" title="">Scientific</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-7" role="treeitem"><a href="/success-stories/category/software-development/" title="">Software Development</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="tier-1 element-6"> <a href="/blogs/" title="News from around the Python world">News</a> <ul class="subnav menu"> <li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="/blogs/" title="Python Insider Blog Posts">Python News</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="/psf/newsletter/" title="Python Software Foundation Newsletter">PSF Newsletter</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="http://pyfound.blogspot.com/" title="PSF Blog">PSF News</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="http://pycon.blogspot.com/" title="PyCon Blog">PyCon US News</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-5" role="treeitem"><a href="http://planetpython.org/" title="Planet Python">News from the Community</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="tier-1 element-7"> <a href="/events/" >Events</a> <ul class="subnav menu"> <li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="/events/python-events/" title="">Python Events</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="/events/python-user-group/" title="">User Group Events</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="/events/python-events/past/" title="">Python Events Archive</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="/events/python-user-group/past/" title="">User Group Events Archive</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-5" role="treeitem"><a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEventsCalendar#Submitting_an_Event" title="">Submit an Event</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="tier-1 element-8"> <a href="/dev/" >Contributing</a> <ul class="subnav menu"> <li class="tier-2 element-1" role="treeitem"><a href="https://devguide.python.org/" title="">Developer's Guide</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-2" role="treeitem"><a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/issues" title="">Issue Tracker</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-3" role="treeitem"><a href="https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-dev" title="">python-dev list</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-4" role="treeitem"><a href="/dev/core-mentorship/" title="">Core Mentorship</a></li> <li class="tier-2 element-5" role="treeitem"><a href="/dev/security/" title="">Report a Security Issue</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a id="back-to-top-2" class="jump-link" href="#python-network"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon-arrow-up"><span>▲</span></span> Back to Top</a> </div> </div>  <div class="site-base"> <div class="container"> <ul class="footer-links navigation menu do-not-print" role="tree"> <li class="tier-1 element-1"><a href="/about/help/">Help & <span class="say-no-more">General</span> Contact</a></li> <li class="tier-1 element-2"><a href="/community/diversity/">Diversity <span class="say-no-more">Initiatives</span></a></li> <li class="tier-1 element-3"><a href="https://github.com/python/pythondotorg/issues">Submit Website Bug</a></li> <li class="tier-1 element-4"> <a href="https://status.python.org/">Status <span class="python-status-indicator-default" id="python-status-indicator"></span></a> </li> </ul> <div class="copyright"> <p><small> <span class="pre">Copyright ©2001-2024.</span>  <span class="pre"><a href="/psf-landing/">Python Software Foundation</a></span>  <span class="pre"><a href="/about/legal/">Legal Statements</a></span>  <span class="pre"><a href="https://policies.python.org/python.org/Privacy-Notice/">Privacy Notice</a></span>  </small></p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.2/jquery.min.js"></script> <script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="/static/js/libs/jquery-1.8.2.min.js"><\/script>')</script> <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="/static/js/libs/jquery-ui-1.12.1.min.js"><\/script>')</script> <script src="/static/js/libs/masonry.pkgd.min.js"></script> <script src="/static/js/libs/html-includes.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/main-min.f5487accf7ed.js" charset="utf-8"></script>   </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Help | Python.org