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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-inch-Howitzer_M1,_M2_und_M115" title="8-inch-Howitzer M1, M2 und M115 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="8-inch-Howitzer M1, M2 und M115" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob%C3%BAs_M115" title="Obús M115 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Obús M115" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B5" title="هویتزر ام۱۱۵ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هویتزر ام۱۱۵" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/M115_howitzer" title="M115 howitzer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="M115 howitzer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/203_mm_M115" title="203 mm M115 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="203 mm M115" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/M115_203mm%E6%A6%B4%E5%BC%BE%E7%A0%B2" title="M115 203mm榴弾砲 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="M115 203mm榴弾砲" data-language-autonym="日本語" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=8-inch_howitzer_motor_carriage_T84&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="8-inch howitzer motor carriage T84">8-inch howitzer motor carriage T84</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/M115_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="M115 (disambiguation)">M115 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Howitzer</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hproduct" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="fn org"> M115 203 mm howitzer </span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M115_display.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/M115_display.jpg/300px-M115_display.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/M115_display.jpg/450px-M115_display.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/M115_display.jpg/600px-M115_display.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2133" data-file-height="1477" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">M115 203 mm howitzer on display at Bastrop, Texas, United States.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Howitzer" title="Howitzer">Howitzer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Service history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Production history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Designed</th><td class="infobox-data">1939</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Produced</th><td class="infobox-data">1942–1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> built</th><td class="infobox-data">1,006 <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">14,515 kg (31,780 lbs)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">Travel: 10.972 m (36 ft 0 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">Barrel</a> length</th><td class="infobox-data">5.1 m (16 ft 9 in)<sup id="cite_ref-Jane_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jane-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L/25</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">Travel: 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)<sup id="cite_ref-Jane_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jane-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">Travel: 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in)<sup id="cite_ref-Jane_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jane-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Crew</th><td class="infobox-data">14</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)" title="Shell (projectile)">Shell</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Separate loading charge and projectile 90.7 kg (200 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-Jane_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jane-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Caliber" title="Caliber">Caliber</a></th><td class="infobox-data">203 mm (8 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Breech-loading_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Breech-loading weapon">Breech</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Interrupted_screw" title="Interrupted screw">Interrupted screw</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Recoil" title="Recoil">Recoil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_recoil_mechanism" title="Hydraulic recoil mechanism">Hydro-pneumatic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Carriage</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gun_carriage#Modern_gun_carriages" title="Gun carriage">Split trail</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Elevation_(ballistics)" title="Elevation (ballistics)">Elevation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">−2° to +65°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Gun_laying" title="Gun laying">Traverse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+60°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">Rate of fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3 rounds per 2 minutes (maximum for first 3 minutes),<br />1 round per 2 minutes (sustained) <sup id="cite_ref-youtube_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youtube-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">Muzzle velocity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">587 m/s (1,926 ft/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Effective firing range</th><td class="infobox-data">16,800 m (18,373 yds) <br /> 22,860 m (25,000 yds) maximum</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>M115 203 mm howitzer</b>, also known as the <b>M115 8-inch howitzer</b>, and originally the <b>M1 8-inch howitzer</b> was a towed heavy <a href="/wiki/Howitzer" title="Howitzer">howitzer</a> developed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> and used during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. Post-WWII it was also adopted by a number of other nations in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, licensed production of the <a href="/wiki/BL_8-inch_howitzer_Mk_VI_%E2%80%93_VIII" title="BL 8-inch howitzer Mk VI – VIII">British 8-inch howitzer Mark VI</a> was undertaken by the Midvale Steel and Ordnance Company, located in the <a href="/wiki/Nicetown" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicetown">Nicetown</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. Both American and British-manufactured weapons were used by the <a href="/wiki/American_Expeditionary_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="American Expeditionary Force">American Expeditionary Force</a> in France.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1940, the United States still had 475 Mark VII and Mark VIII 1/2 howitzers in storage, but there are no reports of the Mark VI or other marks being used during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original design of the M1 8-inch howitzer started in 1919, and resulted in the M1920 howitzer, but the program lapsed until resurrected in 1927. The T2 and T3 howitzers were prototypes of a partner piece for a new 155 mm gun.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first publicity photographs of the M1-type 8-inch howitzer on its redesigned carriage appeared in 1931, but development was slowed by the Great Depression.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The T3 was standardized as the 8-inch howitzer M1 in 1940. </p><p>Like the British 8-inch howitzer of the First World War (and most other large artillery), the M1 uses a <a href="/wiki/Welin_screw" class="mw-redirect" title="Welin screw">Welin screw</a> for its breech. The carriage was the same as used for the US <a href="/wiki/155_mm_gun_M1" title="155 mm gun M1">155 mm gun</a> and was also adopted by the British for their <a href="/wiki/BL_7.2-inch_howitzer" title="BL 7.2-inch howitzer">BL 7.2-inch howitzer</a>. It consists of a split trail with <a href="/wiki/Equilibrator" class="mw-redirect" title="Equilibrator">equilibrator</a> assemblies, elevating and traversing mechanisms, a two-axle bogie with eight tires, and a single-axle, single-wheel limber for towing. Four spades, carried on the trails, were used to emplace the weapon. </p><p>The M1 saw U.S. service in World War II, the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. During World War II, the M1 was towed by the <a href="/wiki/Mack_NO_7%C2%BD-ton_6x6_truck" title="Mack NO 7½-ton 6x6 truck">Mack 7⅓ ton 6×6 truck</a> or the <a href="/wiki/M4_tractor" title="M4 tractor">M4 tractor</a>. 59 battalions were raised during the war, of which 39 saw combat service in Northwest Europe or Italy and three in the Pacific. </p><p>In the late 1950s, it was adopted in small numbers by several <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> armies, to fire the <a href="/wiki/W33_(nuclear_weapon)" class="mw-redirect" title="W33 (nuclear weapon)">W33</a> (M422/M422A1 shell) and later the <a href="/wiki/W79_Artillery-Fired_Atomic_Projectile" title="W79 Artillery-Fired Atomic Projectile">W79</a> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_artillery" title="Nuclear artillery">nuclear artillery</a> shell, under the NATO <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_sharing" title="Nuclear sharing">nuclear sharing</a> concept, a role which ended when the smallest types of <a href="/wiki/Tactical_nuclear_weapon" title="Tactical nuclear weapon">tactical nuclear weapons</a> were removed from service and eliminated. It was also adopted as a field weapon by a number of nations in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia and saw service in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a>. In 1962, the M1 was redesignated the <b>M115 howitzer</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>: 20 as of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&action=edit">[update]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016328_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016328-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>: 4 in store as of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&action=edit">[update]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016336_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016336-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wiener_1987_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiener_1987-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>: 28 as of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&action=edit">[update]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016280_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016280-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>: 8 in store as of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&action=edit">[update]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016351_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016351-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of Korea Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> acquired right after the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> in 1953. Began replacing in the late 2000s with the K9 Thunder.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>: in Turkey, 60 systems</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>: 70 as of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&action=edit">[update]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016291_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016291-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>: 162 as of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&action=edit">[update]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016148_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016148-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_operators">Former operators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Former operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>: former operator, 14 systems in 1983<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>: former operator, 24 systems<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>: former operator<sup id="cite_ref-Wiener_1987_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiener_1987-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1953–1996, 12 systems<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>: former operator<sup id="cite_ref-Wiener_1987_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiener_1987-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Wiener_1987_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiener_1987-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>: former operator<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>: former operator<sup id="cite_ref-Wiener_1987_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiener_1987-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>: former operator<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: former operator<sup id="cite_ref-Wiener_1987_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiener_1987-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Self-propelling_mounts">Self-propelling mounts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Self-propelling mounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Self-propelled-gun-Korea-19520813.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Self-propelled-gun-Korea-19520813.jpg/220px-Self-propelled-gun-Korea-19520813.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Self-propelled-gun-Korea-19520813.jpg/330px-Self-propelled-gun-Korea-19520813.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Self-propelled-gun-Korea-19520813.jpg/440px-Self-propelled-gun-Korea-19520813.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="626" /></a><figcaption>8 inch HMC M43 in Korea</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The howitzer was mounted on a modified <a href="/wiki/M4_Sherman" title="M4 Sherman">M4 medium tank</a> chassis, in mount M17. The resulting vehicle was initially designated 8-inch howitzer motor carriage T89 and eventually standardized as the <a href="/wiki/M43_howitzer_motor_carriage" class="mw-redirect" title="M43 howitzer motor carriage">8-inch howitzer motor carriage M43</a>. A total of 48 units were built.<sup id="cite_ref-HUNNICUTT-SHERMAN-353_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HUNNICUTT-SHERMAN-353-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>8-inch howitzer motor carriage T80 – based on <a href="/wiki/T20_Medium_Tank" class="mw-redirect" title="T20 Medium Tank">T23 Medium Tank</a> chassis, never advanced past proposal stage.<sup id="cite_ref-HUNNICUTT-PERSHING-158_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HUNNICUTT-PERSHING-158-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>8-inch howitzer motor carriage T84 – based on <a href="/wiki/M26_Pershing" title="M26 Pershing">T26 Medium Tank</a> chassis, a single pilot was built in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-HUNNICUTT-PERSHING-159_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HUNNICUTT-PERSHING-159-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The howitzer was mounted on a purpose-built tracked chassis to become the <a href="/wiki/M110_howitzer" title="M110 howitzer">8-inch self-propelled howitzer M110</a>. Notably, accuracy and rate of fire suffered from having to depress the cannon tube to loading elevation for each round in order to use the track-mounted auto loader, but the later M110A1 & M110A2 version had improved accuracy and ranges.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ammunition">Ammunition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ammunition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The howitzer fired separate loading, <a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)#Separate_loading_bagged_charge" title="Shell (projectile)">bagged charge</a> ammunition, with seven different propelling charges, from 1 (the smallest) to 7 (the largest). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Projectiles<sup id="cite_ref-TM-9-1901-203_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TM-9-1901-203-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <th width="15%">Type </th> <th width="20%">Model </th> <th width="15%">Weight </th> <th width="10%">Filler </th> <th width="15%">Muzzle velocity </th> <th width="15%">Range </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/High-explosive_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="High-explosive shell">HE</a> </td> <td>HE M106 Shell (charge M2) </td> <td>90.7 kg (200 lb) </td> <td> </td> <td>594 m/s (1,950 ft/s) </td> <td>16,926 m (11 mi) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left">HE </td> <td>HE Mk 1A1 Shell (charge M1) </td> <td>90.7 kg (200 lb) </td> <td> </td> <td>408 m/s (1,340 ft/s) </td> <td>10,214 m (6.3 mi) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left">Dummy </td> <td>Dummy Mk 1 Projectile </td> <td> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_artillery" title="Nuclear artillery">Nuclear</a> </td> <td>M442 (<a href="/wiki/W33_(nuclear_warhead)" title="W33 (nuclear warhead)">W33</a>) nuclear shell </td> <td>243 lb (110 kg) </td> <td>— </td> <td>547.1 m/s (1,795 ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Arty_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arty-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>18,000 m (11 mi) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left">Nuclear </td> <td>XM753 (<a href="/wiki/W79_Artillery-Fired_Atomic_Projectile" title="W79 Artillery-Fired Atomic Projectile">W79</a>) nuclear shell </td> <td>200 lb (91 kg) </td> <td>— </td> <td>601 m/s (1,970 ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAerodynamics,_Dimensions,_Inertial_Properties_and_Performance_of_Artillery_Projectiles156_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAerodynamics,_Dimensions,_Inertial_Properties_and_Performance_of_Artillery_Projectiles156-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>24,000 m (15 mi), 30,000 m (19 mi) with rocket assist.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Propelling charges<sup id="cite_ref-TM-9-1901-301_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TM-9-1901-301-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:1px solid #996;"> <th width="25%">Model </th> <th width="25%">Weight, complete </th> <th width="55%">Components </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left">M1 ("green bag") </td> <td>6.3 kg (13 lb 14 oz) </td> <td>Five incremental charges (for charges 1 to 5) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left">M2 ("white bag") </td> <td>13.56 kg (29 lb 14 oz) </td> <td>Base charge and two incremental charges (for charges 5 to 7) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left">M4 (dummy) </td> <td>13.04 kg (28 lb 12 oz) </td> <td>Base charge and two incremental charges </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Concrete penetration<sup id="cite_ref-HUNNICUTT-SHERMAN-571_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HUNNICUTT-SHERMAN-571-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <th width="44%">Ammunition / Distance </th> <th width="14%">2,743 m (3,000 yd) </th> <th width="14%">4,572 m (5,000 yd) </th> <th width="14%">9,144 m (10,000 yd) </th> <th width="14%">13,716 m (20,000 yd) </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left">HE M106 Shell (meet angle 0°) </td> <td>1,432 mm (4 ft 8 in) </td> <td>1,219 mm (4 ft) </td> <td>975 mm (3 ft 2 in) </td> <td>945 mm (3 ft 1 in) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> <b>Existing examples</b> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands"><b>Netherlands</b></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wingsofliberation.nl/">Wings of Liberation Museum</a> Park in Best (near Eindhoven), Netherlands</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8-inch_gun_M1" title="8-inch gun M1">8-inch gun M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/203_mm_howitzer_M1931_(B-4)" title="203 mm howitzer M1931 (B-4)">203 mm howitzer M1931 (B-4)</a> – approximate Soviet equivalent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BL_7.2-inch_howitzer" title="BL 7.2-inch howitzer">BL 7.2-inch howitzer</a> – British equivalent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._Army_weapons_by_supply_catalog_designation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. Army weapons by supply catalog designation">List of U.S. Army weapons by supply catalog designation</a> – SNL D-29</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Official Munitions Production of the United States, by Months, 1 July 1940 – 31 August 1945</i> (War Production Board and Civilian Production Administration, 1 May 1947) p. 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jane-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jane_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jane_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jane_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jane_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFoss1977" class="citation book cs1">Foss, Christopher (1977). <i>Jane's pocket book of towed artillery</i>. New York: Collier. p. 141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-080600-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-080600-0"><bdi>0-02-080600-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/911907988">911907988</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane%27s+pocket+book+of+towed+artillery&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Collier&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F911907988&rft.isbn=0-02-080600-0&rft.aulast=Foss&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM115+howitzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-youtube-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-youtube_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUs6q1VjauE">"M110 8 inch (203 mm) Self-Propelled Howitzer"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200609091020/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUs6q1VjauE&gl=US&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=M110+8+inch+%28203+mm%29+Self-Propelled+Howitzer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DTUs6q1VjauE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM115+howitzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carl.army.mil/wwIItms/TM9_2005_1942.pdf">US Army manual TM 9-2005, December 1942</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100714144600/http://carl.army.mil/wwIItms/TM9_2005_1942.pdf">Archived</a> 2010-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Page 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaloga2011" class="citation book cs1">Zaloga, Steven (2011). <i>U.S. Field Artillery of World War II</i>. New Vanguard 131. Osprey Publishing. pp. 22–23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Field+Artillery+of+World+War+II&rft.series=New+Vanguard+131&rft.pages=22-23&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Zaloga&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM115+howitzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaloga2011" class="citation book cs1">Zaloga, Steven (2011). <i>U.S. Field Artillery of World War II</i>. New Vanguard 131. Osprey Publishing. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Field+Artillery+of+World+War+II&rft.series=New+Vanguard+131&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Zaloga&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM115+howitzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CigDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Popular+Mechanics+1931+curtiss&pg=PA53">"First Mile A Minute Army", October 1931, Popular Science</a> photo bottom of page 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016328-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016328_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Military_Balance_2016">The Military Balance 2016</a>, p. 328.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016336-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016336_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Military_Balance_2016">The Military Balance 2016</a>, p. 336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wiener_1987-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wiener_1987_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wiener_1987_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wiener_1987_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wiener_1987_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wiener_1987_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wiener_1987_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiener1987" class="citation book cs1">Wiener, Friedrich (1987). <i>The armies of the NATO nations: Organization, concept of war, weapons and equipment</i>. Truppendienst Handbooks Volume 3. Vienna: Herold Publishers. pp. 499–500.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+armies+of+the+NATO+nations%3A+Organization%2C+concept+of+war%2C+weapons+and+equipment&rft.place=Vienna&rft.series=Truppendienst+Handbooks+Volume+3&rft.pages=499-500&rft.pub=Herold+Publishers&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Wiener&rft.aufirst=Friedrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM115+howitzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016280-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016280_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Military_Balance_2016">The Military Balance 2016</a>, p. 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016351-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016351_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Military_Balance_2016">The Military Balance 2016</a>, p. 351.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBak2021" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bak, Dongchan (March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medcmd.mil.kr/user/imhc/upload/pblictn/PBLICTNEBOOK_202105270240172800.pdf"><i>Korean War: Weapons of the United Nations</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Korean). Republic of Korea: Ministry of Defense Institute for Military History. pp. 108–110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-11-5598-079-8" title="Special:BookSources/979-11-5598-079-8"><bdi>979-11-5598-079-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Korean+War%3A+Weapons+of+the+United+Nations&rft.place=Republic+of+Korea&rft.pages=108-110&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defense+Institute+for+Military+History&rft.date=2021-03&rft.isbn=979-11-5598-079-8&rft.aulast=Bak&rft.aufirst=Dongchan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedcmd.mil.kr%2Fuser%2Fimhc%2Fupload%2Fpblictn%2FPBLICTNEBOOK_202105270240172800.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM115+howitzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016291-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016291_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Military_Balance_2016">The Military Balance 2016</a>, p. 291.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016148-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Military_Balance_2016148_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Military_Balance_2016">The Military Balance 2016</a>, p. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Xavier Palson, <i>La guerre de demain : Est/Ouest, Les forces en présence</i>, Taillandier, April 1984, 258 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2235016006" title="Special:BookSources/2235016006">2235016006</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenji_JyoshimaYusuke_Tsuge2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kenji Jyoshima; Yusuke Tsuge (October 2007). <i>陸自車両50年史 (50 Years of JGSDF's Vehicles)</i> (in Japanese). Tokyo, Japan: Argonauts Publications. p. 123.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E9%99%B8%E8%87%AA%E8%BB%8A%E4%B8%A150%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B2+%2850+Years+of+JGSDF%27s+Vehicles%29&rft.place=Tokyo%2C+Japan&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Argonauts+Publications&rft.date=2007-10&rft.au=Kenji+Jyoshima&rft.au=Yusuke+Tsuge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM115+howitzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HUNNICUTT-SHERMAN-353-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HUNNICUTT-SHERMAN-353_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hunnicutt - <i>Sherman: A History of the American Medium Tank</i>, pp. 353–355, 571.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HUNNICUTT-PERSHING-158-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HUNNICUTT-PERSHING-158_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hunnicutt - <i>Pershing, A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series</i>, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HUNNICUTT-PERSHING-159-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HUNNICUTT-PERSHING-159_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hunnicutt - <i>Pershing, A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series</i>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TM-9-1901-203-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TM-9-1901-203_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Technical Manual TM 9-1901, Artillery Ammunition</i>, pp. 203–205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/systems/w33.htm">"W33"</a>. <i>Global Security</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725153306/https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/systems/w33.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Security&rft.atitle=W33&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fwmd%2Fsystems%2Fw33.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM115+howitzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arty-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Arty_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAerodynamics,_Dimensions,_Inertial_Properties_and_Performance_of_Artillery_Projectiles" class="citation report cs1">Henry E Hudgins (January 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/b022223.pdf">Aerodynamics, Dimensions, Inertial Properties and Performance of Artillery Projectiles</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Picatinny Arsenal. p. 145. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211219101132/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/b022223.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Aerodynamics%2C+Dimensions%2C+Inertial+Properties+and+Performance+of+Artillery+Projectiles&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Picatinny+Arsenal&rft.date=1977-01&rft.au=Henry+E+Hudgins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fdtic%2Ftr%2Ffulltext%2Fu2%2Fb022223.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM115+howitzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAerodynamics,_Dimensions,_Inertial_Properties_and_Performance_of_Artillery_Projectiles156-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAerodynamics,_Dimensions,_Inertial_Properties_and_Performance_of_Artillery_Projectiles156_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAerodynamics,_Dimensions,_Inertial_Properties_and_Performance_of_Artillery_Projectiles">Aerodynamics, Dimensions, Inertial Properties and Performance of Artillery Projectiles</a>, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Handbook-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Handbook_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandia_Weapon_Review:_Nuclear_Weapon_Characteristics_Handbook" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/nnsa/NuclearWeaponsCharacteristicHandbook.pdf">Sandia Weapon Review: Nuclear Weapon Characteristics Handbook</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Sandia National Labs. September 1990. p. 75. SAND90-1238. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220112004633/https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/nnsa/NuclearWeaponsCharacteristicHandbook.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Sandia+Weapon+Review%3A+Nuclear+Weapon+Characteristics+Handbook&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Sandia+National+Labs&rft.date=1990-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocuments.theblackvault.com%2Fdocuments%2Fnnsa%2FNuclearWeaponsCharacteristicHandbook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM115+howitzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TM-9-1901-301-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TM-9-1901-301_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Technical Manual TM 9-1901, Artillery Ammunition</i>, p 301, 311.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HUNNICUTT-SHERMAN-571-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HUNNICUTT-SHERMAN-571_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hunnicutt - <i>Sherman: A History of the American Medium Tank</i>, p 571.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunnicutt1994" class="citation book cs1">Hunnicutt, R. P. (1994). <i>Sherman: A History of the American Medium Tank</i>. Presidio Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89141-080-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-89141-080-5"><bdi>0-89141-080-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherman%3A+A+History+of+the+American+Medium+Tank&rft.pub=Presidio+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-89141-080-5&rft.aulast=Hunnicutt&rft.aufirst=R.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM115+howitzer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunnicutt1996" class="citation book cs1">Hunnicutt, R. P. (1996). <i>Pershing: A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series</i>. Feist Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-112-95450-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-112-95450-3"><bdi>1-112-95450-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pershing%3A+A+History+of+the+Medium+Tank+T20+Series&rft.pub=Feist+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-112-95450-3&rft.aulast=Hunnicutt&rft.aufirst=R.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM115+howitzer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Military_Balance_2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a> (February 2016). <i>The Military Balance 2016</i>. Vol. 116. Routlegde. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-835-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-835-2"><bdi>978-1-85743-835-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Military+Balance+2016&rft.pub=Routlegde&rft.date=2016-02&rft.isbn=978-1-85743-835-2&rft.au=International+Institute+for+Strategic+Studies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM115+howitzer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/158723222/TM-9-1901-Artillery-Ammunition"><i>Technical Manual TM 9-1901: Artillery Ammunition</i></a>. War Department. 1944.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technical+Manual+TM+9-1901%3A+Artillery+Ammunition&rft.pub=War+Department&rft.date=1944&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F158723222%2FTM-9-1901-Artillery-Ammunition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM115+howitzer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/m115.htm">"M115 8 in (203 mm) howitzer"</a>. FAS Military Analysis Network<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M115+8+in+%28203+mm%29+howitzer&rft.pub=FAS+Military+Analysis+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.org%2Fman%2Fdod-101%2Fsys%2Fland%2Fm115.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM115+howitzer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.missing-lynx.com/reviews/usa/afv35s06.htm">Missing Lynx</a></li> <li>TM 9-2300 Standard Artillery and fire Control Material (dated Feb. 1944)</li> <li>TM 9-335</li> <li>TM 9-1350</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/M115_203_mm_howitzer" class="extiw" title="commons:M115 203 mm howitzer">M115 203 mm howitzer</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWIIUSGuns" title="Template:WWIIUSGuns"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWIIUSGuns" title="Template talk:WWIIUSGuns"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWIIUSGuns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWIIUSGuns"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_artillery_of_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">United States <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> of World War II</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Tank guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/37_mm_gun_M3" title="37 mm gun M3">37 mm gun M5/M6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75_mm_gun_M2%E2%80%93M6" title="75 mm gun M2–M6">75 mm gun M2/M3/M6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/76_mm_gun_M1" title="76 mm gun M1">76 mm gun M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-inch_gun_M1918" title="3-inch gun M1918">3-inch gun M7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90_mm_gun_M1/M2/M3" title="90 mm gun M1/M2/M3">90 mm gun M3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90_mm_gun_M1/M2/M3" title="90 mm gun M1/M2/M3">90 mm gun T15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M101_howitzer" title="M101 howitzer">105 mm howitzer M4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/105_mm_gun_T5" title="105 mm gun T5">105 mm gun T5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/120_mm_gun_M1" title="120 mm gun M1">120 mm gun T53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/155_mm_gun_T7" title="155 mm gun T7">155 mm gun T7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Anti-tank guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/37_mm_gun_M3" title="37 mm gun M3">37 mm M3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_QF_6-pounder" title="Ordnance QF 6-pounder">57 mm M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75_mm_field_gun_M1897_on_M2_carriage" title="75 mm field gun M1897 on M2 carriage">75 mm field gun M1897 on M2 carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-inch_gun_M5" title="3-inch gun M5">3 inch M5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/105_mm_gun_T8" title="105 mm gun T8">90 mm T8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/105_mm_gun_T8" title="105 mm gun T8">105mm T8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Field, medium and heavy guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/75_mm_field_gun_M1897_on_M2_carriage" title="75 mm field gun M1897 on M2 carriage">75 mm field gun M1897 on M2 carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M116_howitzer" title="M116 howitzer">75 mm howitzer M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M101_howitzer" title="M101 howitzer">105 mm howitzer M2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M3_howitzer" title="M3 howitzer">105 mm howitzer M3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4.5-inch_gun_M1" title="4.5-inch gun M1">4.5 inch gun M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155_C_mod%C3%A8le_1917_Schneider" title="Canon de 155 C modèle 1917 Schneider">155 mm howitzer M1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M114_155_mm_howitzer" title="M114 155 mm howitzer">155 mm howitzer M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155_mm_GPF" title="Canon de 155 mm GPF">155 mm gun M1918MI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/155_mm_gun_M1" title="155 mm gun M1">155 mm gun M1/M2 "Long Tom"</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">8 inch howitzer M1/M2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-inch_gun_M1" title="8-inch gun M1">8-inch gun M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/240_mm_howitzer_M1" title="240 mm howitzer M1">240 mm howitzer M1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Mortars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M2_mortar" title="M2 mortar">60 mm mortar M2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_mortar" title="M1 mortar">81 mm mortar M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_4.2-inch_mortar" title="M2 4.2-inch mortar">4.2 inch mortar M2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_David" title="Little David">Little David</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other vehicle-mounted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M116_howitzer" title="M116 howitzer">75 mm howitzer M2/M3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897" title="Canon de 75 modèle 1897">75 mm gun M1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M101_howitzer" title="M101 howitzer">105 mm howitzer M2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155mm_GPF" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon de 155mm GPF">155 mm gun M1917MI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/155_mm_Long_Tom" class="mw-redirect" title="155 mm Long Tom">155 mm gun M2</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">8 inch howitzer M1/M2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Anti-aircraft guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/37_mm_gun_M1" title="37 mm gun M1">37 mm M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bofors_40_mm_automatic_gun_L/60" class="mw-redirect" title="Bofors 40 mm automatic gun L/60">40 mm M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-inch_gun_M1917" class="mw-redirect" title="3-inch gun M1917">3-inch gun M1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-inch_gun_M1918" title="3-inch gun M1918">3-inch gun M1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-inch_anti-aircraft_gun_M3" title="3-inch anti-aircraft gun M3">3-inch anti-aircraft gun M3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90_mm_gun_M1/M2/M3" title="90 mm gun M1/M2/M3">90 mm M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/120_mm_gun_M1" title="120 mm gun M1">120 mm M1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Coast artillery guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3-inch_gun_M1903" title="3-inch gun M1903">3-inch gun M1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90_mm_gun_M1/M2/M3" title="90 mm gun M1/M2/M3">90 mm M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-inch_gun_M1903" class="mw-redirect" title="6-inch gun M1903">6-inch gun M1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_155mm_GPF" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon de 155mm GPF">155 mm gun M1918MI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%22/44_caliber_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="7"/44 caliber gun">7"/45 caliber gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-inch_Mk._VI" class="mw-redirect" title="8-inch Mk. VI">8-inch Mk. VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-inch_gun_M1888" title="8-inch gun M1888">8-inch gun M1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10-inch_gun_M1895" title="10-inch gun M1895">10-inch gun M1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-inch_coast_defense_mortar" title="12-inch coast defense mortar">12-inch coast defense mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-inch_gun_M1895" title="12-inch gun M1895">12-inch gun M1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14-inch_gun_M1907" title="14-inch gun M1907">14-inch gun M1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-inch_gun_M1895" title="16-inch gun M1895">16-inch gun M1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-inch_gun_M1919" class="mw-redirect" title="16-inch gun M1919">16-inch gun M1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%22/50_caliber_Mark_2_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="16"/50 caliber Mark 2 gun">16-inch Marks 2 and 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-inch_howitzer_M1920" title="16-inch howitzer M1920">16-inch howitzer M1920</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Railway artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8-inch_Mk._VI_railway_gun" title="8-inch Mk. VI railway gun">8-inch Mk. VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-inch_gun_M1888" title="8-inch gun M1888">8-inch gun M1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-inch_coast_defense_mortar" title="12-inch coast defense mortar">12-inch coast defense mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14-inch_M1920_railway_gun" title="14-inch M1920 railway gun">14-inch M1920</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&oldid=1252315755#Self-propelling_mounts">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M115_howitzer&oldid=1252315755#Self-propelling_mounts</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:203_mm_artillery" title="Category:203 mm artillery">203 mm artillery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cold_War_artillery_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Cold War artillery of the United States">Cold War artillery of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II_artillery_of_the_United_States" title="Category:World War II artillery of the United States">World War II artillery of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II_field_artillery" title="Category:World War II field artillery">World War II field artillery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II_howitzers" title="Category:World War II howitzers">World War II howitzers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_equipment_introduced_in_the_1930s" title="Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1930s">Military equipment introduced in the 1930s</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Korean-language_sources_(ko)" title="Category:CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)">CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)">CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_October_2024" title="Category:Use American English from October 2024">Use American English from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2024">Use dmy dates from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2016" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_is_locally_defined" title="Category:Commons link is locally defined">Commons link is locally defined</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 October 2024, at 20:20<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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