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Dennard – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert H. Dennard" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._Dennard" title="Robert H. Dennard – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert H. Dennard" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="رابرت دنارد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابرت دنارد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._Dennard" title="Robert H. Dennard – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert H. Dennard" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_H._%EB%8D%B0%EB%82%98%EB%93%9C" title="로버트 H. 데나드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로버트 H. 데나드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._Dennard" title="Robert H. Dennard – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Robert H. Dennard" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._Dennard" title="Robert H. Dennard – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert H. Dennard" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="ロバート・デナード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバート・デナード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Dennard" title="Robert Dennard – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert Dennard" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._Dennard" title="Robert H. Dennard – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert H. Dennard" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._Dennard" title="Robert H. Dennard – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert H. Dennard" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Деннард, Роберт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Деннард, Роберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Роберт Деннард – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберт Деннард" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._Dennard" title="Robert H. Dennard – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Robert H. Dennard" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%B8%B9%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7" title="罗伯特·丹纳德 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗伯特·丹纳德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%B8%B9%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7" title="羅伯特·丹納德 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羅伯特·丹納德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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Please update your browser bookmarks and please use the default browser print function instead.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American electrical engineer (1932–2024)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Robert H. Dennard</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Dennard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Robert_Dennard.jpg/220px-Robert_Dennard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Robert_Dennard.jpg/330px-Robert_Dennard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Robert_Dennard.jpg/440px-Robert_Dennard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2490" data-file-height="1990" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1932-09-05</span>)</span>September 5, 1932<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Terrell,_Texas" title="Terrell, Texas">Terrell, Texas</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 23, 2024<span style="display:none">(2024-04-23)</span> (aged 91)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Croton_on_Hudson,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Croton on Hudson, New York">Croton on Hudson, New York</a>, U.S.</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Inventing <a href="/wiki/DRAM" class="mw-redirect" title="DRAM">DRAM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennard_scaling" title="Dennard scaling">Dennard scaling</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Prize" title="Harvey Prize">Harvey Prize</a> (1990)<br /><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Edison_Medal" title="IEEE Edison Medal">IEEE Edison Medal</a> (2001)<br /><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Medal_of_Honor" title="IEEE Medal of Honor">IEEE Medal of Honor</a> (2009)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Prize" title="Kyoto Prize">Kyoto Prize</a> (2013)<br />Robert N. Noyce Award (2019)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cmu.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CMU_INST/7fj865/alma991011155159704436">Behavior of the ferroresonant<br />series circuit containing<br />a square-loop reactor</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1958)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Leo A. Finzi</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Heath Dennard</b> (September 5, 1932 – April 23, 2024) was an American <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical engineer">electrical engineer</a> and inventor.<sup id="cite_ref-Lohr-2024_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lohr-2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2></div> <p>Dennard was born in Terrell, Texas. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from <a href="/wiki/Southern_Methodist_University" title="Southern Methodist University">Southern Methodist University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, in 1954 and 1956, respectively. He earned a Ph.D. from <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Institute of Technology">Carnegie Institute of Technology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a>, in 1958. His professional career was spent as a researcher for <a href="/wiki/International_Business_Machines" class="mw-redirect" title="International Business Machines">International Business Machines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lohr-2024_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lohr-2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Single Transistor DRAM</b> </p><p>At the time of the invention, Dennard and his colleagues were fixated on a bulky, costly memory system that used a series of six transistors to store just 1 bit of data.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>One night while lying on the couch and pondering a presentation given by his peers earlier in the day, he had a notion: What if he could store a bit of information in a single transistor? The insight was the catalyst for DRAM — Dennard’s most important innovation.<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In 1966 he invented the one transistor memory cell consisting of a transistor and a capacitor for which a patent was issued in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became the basis for today's <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory" title="Dynamic random-access memory">dynamic random-access memory</a> (DRAM) and almost all other memory types such as SRAM and FLASH memory. DRAM was instrumental in changing the world of computing through faster and higher capacity memory access.<sup id="cite_ref-Lohr-2024_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lohr-2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, DRAM is used pervasively across many devices from servers to personal computers to mobile devices. </p><p><b>Dennard Scaling</b> </p><p>Dennard was also among the first to recognize the tremendous potential of downsizing <a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFETs</a>. The <a href="/wiki/MOSFET#Scaling" title="MOSFET">scaling theory</a> he and his colleagues formulated in 1974 postulated that MOSFETs continue to function as voltage-controlled switches while all key figures of merit such as layout density, operating speed, and energy efficiency improve – provided geometric dimensions, voltages, and doping concentrations are consistently scaled to maintain the same electric field. This property underlies the achievement of <a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Moore's Law">Moore's Law</a> and the evolution of microelectronics over the last few decades.<sup id="cite_ref-Lohr-2024_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lohr-2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>As of 2024, the DRAM market is estimated to be over $100 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Awards and Recognition</b> </p><p>In 1984, Dennard was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a> for pioneering work in FET technology, including invention of the one transistor dynamic RAM and contributions to scaling theory. </p><p>Besides his technical accomplishments, Dennard was involved in other creative fields. Throughout his retirement, Dennard continued to fuel his creativity through choral singing and Scottish dancing.<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dennard died on April 23, 2024, at the age of 91.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lohr-2024_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lohr-2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2></div> <ul><li>Robert N. Noyce Award (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Prize" title="Kyoto Prize">Kyoto Prize</a> (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> Honorary Doctor of Science and Technology (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Medal_of_Honor" title="IEEE Medal of Honor">IEEE Medal of Honor</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Edison_Medal" title="IEEE Edison Medal">IEEE Edison Medal</a> (2001)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Benjamin Franklin Medal in Electrical Engineering from The <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institute</a> (2007)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a> (NAE) <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper_Prize" title="Charles Stark Draper Prize">Charles Stark Draper Prize</a> (2009)</li> <li>elected member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> (1997)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Southern Methodist University Honorary Doctor of Science (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Prize" title="Harvey Prize">Harvey Prize</a> from Technion Institute in Haifa / Israel (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Research_Institute" title="Industrial Research Institute">Industrial Research Institute</a> (IRI) <a href="/wiki/IRI_Achievement_Award" title="IRI Achievement Award">Achievement Award</a> (1989)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="National Medal of Technology">National Medal of Technology</a> (1988)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IBM_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a> Member (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Cledo_Brunetti_Award" title="IEEE Cledo Brunetti Award">IEEE Cledo Brunetti Award</a> (1982)</li> <li>appointed <a href="/wiki/IBM_Fellow" title="IBM Fellow">IBM Fellow</a> (1979)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dennard_scaling" title="Dennard scaling">Dennard scaling</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DRobert%2BH.%2BDennard%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+H.+Dennard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Dennard, Robert H", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerhistory.org/semiconductor/people.html"><i>People</i></a>, Computer History Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dennard%2C+Robert+H&rft.btitle=People&rft.pub=Computer+History+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerhistory.org%2Fsemiconductor%2Fpeople.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+H.+Dennard" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060812092604/http://www.technology.gov/Medal/p_Recipients.htm#1988"><i>National Medal of Technology recipients</i></a>, 1988, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.technology.gov/Medal/p_Recipients.htm#1988">the original</a> on August 12, 2006</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Medal+of+Technology+recipients&rft.date=1988&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.technology.gov%2FMedal%2Fp_Recipients.htm%231988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+H.+Dennard" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalmedals.org/laureate/robert-h-dennard/">"Robert H. Dennard"</a>. <i>National Science and Technology Medals Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Science+and+Technology+Medals+Foundation&rft.atitle=Robert+H.+Dennard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalmedals.org%2Flaureate%2Frobert-h-dennard%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+H.+Dennard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Robert Dennard", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030415041608/http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/Dennard.html"><i>Inventor of the Week</i></a> (Archive), MIT, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/Dennard.html">the original</a> on April 15, 2003</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Robert+Dennard&rft.btitle=Inventor+of+the+Week&rft.pub=MIT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Finvent%2Fiow%2FDennard.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+H.+Dennard" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Robert H Dennard", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141121205142/http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Robert_H._Dennard"><i>Legacies</i></a> (Bio), IEEE, August 10, 2017, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Robert_H._Dennard">the original</a> on November 21, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Robert+H+Dennard&rft.btitle=Legacies&rft.pub=IEEE&rft.date=2017-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ieeeghn.org%2Fwiki%2Findex.php%2FRobert_H._Dennard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+H.+Dennard" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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Dennard</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Hammer" title="Edward E. Hammer">Edward E. Hammer</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Capasso" title="Federico Capasso">Federico Capasso</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lawrenson" title="Peter Lawrenson">Peter Lawrenson</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fawwaz_T._Ulaby" title="Fawwaz T. Ulaby">Fawwaz T. Ulaby</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Dupuis" title="Russell Dupuis">Russell Dupuis</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dov_Frohman" title="Dov Frohman">Dov Frohman-Bentchkowsky</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingye_Li" title="Tingye Li">Tingye Li</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Dolby" title="Ray Dolby">Ray Dolby</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Isamu Akasaki</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Francis_Tompsett" title="Michael Francis Tompsett">Michael F. Tompsett</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Paul_Kaminow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Paul Kaminow (page does not exist)">Ivan Paul Kaminow</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_H._Baer" title="Ralph H. Baer">Ralph H. Baer</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Julius_Spilker,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="James Julius Spilker, Jr.">James Julius Spilker, Jr.</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Brodersen" title="Robert W. Brodersen">Robert W. Brodersen</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._George_Craford" title="M. George Craford">M. George Craford</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Yablonovitch" title="Eli Yablonovitch">Eli Yablonovitch</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_Keller" title="Ursula Keller">Ursula Keller</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frede_Blaabjerg" title="Frede Blaabjerg">Frede Blaabjerg</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenichi_Iga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenichi Iga (page does not exist)">Kenichi Iga</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="IEEE_Medal_of_Honor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IEEE_Medal_of_Honor_Laureates_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Template:IEEE Medal of Honor Laureates 2001–2025"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IEEE_Medal_of_Honor_Laureates_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Template talk:IEEE Medal of Honor Laureates 2001–2025"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IEEE_Medal_of_Honor_Laureates_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IEEE Medal of Honor Laureates 2001–2025"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="IEEE_Medal_of_Honor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Medal_of_Honor" title="IEEE Medal of Honor">IEEE Medal of Honor</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2025</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herwig_Kogelnik" title="Herwig Kogelnik">Herwig Kogelnik</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Herbert Kroemer</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Holonyak" title="Nick Holonyak">Nick Holonyak</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadahiro_Sekimoto" title="Tadahiro Sekimoto">Tadahiro Sekimoto</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Flanagan" title="James L. Flanagan"> James Flanagan</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Meindl" title="James D. Meindl">James D. Meindl</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kailath" title="Thomas Kailath">Thomas Kailath</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Moore" title="Gordon Moore">Gordon Moore</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Dennard" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Dennard">Robert Dennard</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Viterbi" title="Andrew Viterbi">Andrew Viterbi</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Chang" title="Morris Chang">Morris Chang</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Hennessy" title="John L. Hennessy">John L. Hennessy</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irwin_M._Jacobs" title="Irwin M. Jacobs">Irwin M. Jacobs</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Jayant_Baliga" title="B. Jayant Baliga">B. Jayant Baliga</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Forney" title="Dave Forney">Dave Forney</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kees_Schouhamer_Immink" title="Kees Schouhamer Immink">Kees Schouhamer Immink</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford_W._Parkinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradford W. Parkinson">Bradford W. Parkinson</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Petersen_(inventor)" title="Kurt Petersen (inventor)"> Kurt E. Petersen</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenming_Hu" title="Chenming Hu">Chenming Hu</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Ziv" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaakov Ziv">Jacob Ziv</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asad_M._Madni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asad M. Madni (page does not exist)">Asad M. Madni</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Charles_Stark_Draper_Prize_recipients" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Charles_Stark_Draper_Prize" title="Template:Charles Stark Draper Prize"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Charles_Stark_Draper_Prize" title="Template talk:Charles Stark Draper Prize"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Charles_Stark_Draper_Prize" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Charles Stark Draper Prize"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Charles_Stark_Draper_Prize_recipients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper_Prize" title="Charles Stark Draper Prize">Charles Stark Draper Prize</a> recipients</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Jack Kilby</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Noyce" title="Robert Noyce">Robert Noyce</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Whittle" title="Frank Whittle">Frank Whittle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Ohain" title="Hans von Ohain">Hans von Ohain</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Backus" title="John Backus">John Backus </a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Pierce" title="John R. Pierce">John R. Pierce</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_A._Rosen" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold A. Rosen">Harold A. Rosen</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Haensel" title="Vladimir Haensel">Vladimir Haensel</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Maurer" title="Robert D. Maurer">Robert D. Maurer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_B._MacChesney" title="John B. MacChesney">John B. MacChesney</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinton_Cerf" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinton Cerf">Vinton Cerf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Kleinrock" title="Leonard Kleinrock">Leonard Kleinrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_G._Roberts" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence G. Roberts">Lawrence G. Roberts</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Langer" title="Robert S. Langer">Robert Langer</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Getting" title="Ivan Getting">Ivan Getting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Parkinson" title="Bradford Parkinson">Bradford Parkinson</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Kay" title="Alan Kay">Alan Kay </a> / <a href="/wiki/Butler_Lampson" title="Butler Lampson">Butler Lampson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Taylor_(computer_scientist)" title="Robert Taylor (computer scientist)">Robert Taylor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Thacker" title="Charles P. Thacker">Charles P. Thacker</a> (2004)</li> <li>Minoru S. Araki / Francis J. Madden / Edward A. Miller / <a href="/wiki/James_W._Plummer" title="James W. Plummer">James W. Plummer</a> / Don H. Schoessler (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Willard Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">George E. Smith</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_E._K%C3%A1lm%C3%A1n" title="Rudolf E. Kálmán">Rudolf E. Kálmán</a> (2008)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert H. Dennard</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willem_P._C._Stemmer" title="Willem P. C. Stemmer">Willem P. C. Stemmer</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Heilmeier" title="George H. Heilmeier">George H. Heilmeier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Helfrich" title="Wolfgang Helfrich">Wolfgang Helfrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Schadt" title="Martin Schadt">Martin Schadt</a> / <a href="/wiki/T._Peter_Brody" title="T. Peter Brody">T. Peter Brody</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Haug" title="Thomas Haug">Thomas Haug</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(inventor)" title="Martin Cooper (inventor)">Martin Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yoshihisa_Okumura" title="Yoshihisa Okumura">Yoshihisa Okumura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Frenkiel" title="Richard H. Frenkiel">Richard H. Frenkiel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joel_S._Engel" title="Joel S. Engel">Joel S. Engel</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / Yoshio Nishi / <a href="/wiki/Rachid_Yazami" title="Rachid Yazami">Rachid Yazami</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Isamu Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/M._George_Craford" title="M. George Craford">George Craford</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russell_Dupuis" title="Russell Dupuis">Russell Dupuis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nick_Holonyak" title="Nick Holonyak">Nick Holonyak</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Shuji Nakamura</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Viterbi" title="Andrew Viterbi">Andrew Viterbi</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjarne_Stroustrup" title="Bjarne Stroustrup">Bjarne Stroustrup</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fr%C3%A9chet" title="Jean Fréchet">Jean Fréchet</a> / C. Grant Willson (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Furber" title="Steve Furber">Steve Furber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hennessy" title="John L. Hennessy">John L. Hennessy</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Patterson_(computer_scientist)" title="David Patterson (computer scientist)">David Patterson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Wilson" title="Sophie Wilson">Sophie Wilson</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: Academics <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289023#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researcherid.com/rid/ETX-7982-2022">ResearcherID</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dblp.org/pid/62/4511">DBLP</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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