CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91347e13ff0e8970',cH: 'jjOpngz5Ycr7uvfSUnYDOewhtyrOguV.zkr36eg4g58-1739781834-1.2.1.1-j4x_loorMSEPLJQe01nnWWccAa4syY4JUpgZ_XyDkWes.HE1__bXG58XOjt2FIzB',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Essam%20Elkholy&__cf_chl_tk=ghV9dEDgSceRQA.p1hdgorTQeFH8iDB1EoY3q9mgzcU-1739781834-1.0.1.1-_nKuWBnfiP4aC5CvOBLkBBJ6WqvuAZwfT22ykfINEYY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739781834',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Essam%20Elkholy&__cf_chl_f_tk=ghV9dEDgSceRQA.p1hdgorTQeFH8iDB1EoY3q9mgzcU-1739781834-1.0.1.1-_nKuWBnfiP4aC5CvOBLkBBJ6WqvuAZwfT22ykfINEYY",md: "lqOCEdJvONrrAbQCWyiQ6v89yMX82K9NThoHR52AaXE-1739781834-1.2.1.1-r3lvH3xQb7.WB8VElyYcjEgdp8y_uWzabIbvs359_y4KW2SCLM.BYlNdgucpIf3JWk42EEwbvtpeVtQ4J9fK1DMC03wLLSNblhPBoY2heUGOktv0j7lLePs6OEPXFKgEzkio6AHxNO_Ic7ypsSRe.YiyycG1Ls9bWFEY8CtAT68PweUqQj1ZI.3PAkZQHkJik4BnQFOQ99xJJlEeo1PwaEdkxDLVpMYS_nOJJwxVpJukUbCB96EgqkDILPEGhS4I4GR6XKumM_T2ksgmDzdrcwx1j07lRLu9Hsyf0tVZ6krJ89lwIgai3.pXHgXJ8D4V4hocSBkgTl0jLG46EjDjFJz2JytO95NQJmiKEF7vbZggauHsMFOMrTcU5LXG.l4y_uyUi53ANiZL4FJFFi2nZoDmGbnvjIGKWU5XR_HQVFa3P6jq.wJYx0r7s23YPrnh3RqB2ZfZWy3Iijh0MsGrTri6OIORPulbfnCnDYHeXf.FQHRd5y2doLXTNJmC5f4IXfDr0RGdK9OPnSh1yfpE3.x_Gxk3xXCghBCO0qNllE_FtJ8KHBZ_PtaFpWhGsZDmK5BxOXM4HTaE6d.2jPrgVmiS5RRtDlDW.voMVIQH712GgB9klSpQRDj_PjX5rpnZ2tIBAUGxo.T8ALjvbJFTmt.OMVciVQT0cL39mfObhGqIjyZLGaeICy4kXbOaALwZyv6cIG_2D8Q96Lwm0yKxBlDjVc9AukC_4Nk5ie2lX7tGDPTcy4YwO_eJPFccm3sjJTLZUzM_6VHB3TQpk8SjryhBVdLOw.p7MlqTqVje5Vqaen8f5lcG1bNJwvX2gW.5h6VWMIbo4bYS5A2kxrBLFO_ioC9p_TGE5JhL1ON_xM9AfAW97OYJnL_PjyI04Qife0RZDwalEqzhxuWarOKhgifIvmZdi44uK4ZscCu_XtkCa2GvRjcGCDmdvqd9U.euKXGWDopbu6.zz1S_Jt3cQnQIWNk_Yf2OI8Czt0hvS1Ymw2A742GlMQ7eelm7Loo77xVAXMWd_7TAV.Lh5y8aKR.GBifP_8BKWrmdl.qGkRypjs6N96mDREwnkmU0fESg_uJdoOLIDrtgBaqfLxTbOhv89UUbpJr7qbRhGAc4HmQrp.DSfOpTUjMpRg4ADZUKYaMJN4..hGj04ndLevaGw4yxgtcUmAHH4lqOSFnWLFdPz0IWGLu5DX.tp.QCYTFpH.xlYtlz7Q2J7fptvegJpb0yez1GKSJiJMziH4SDDtCwdkYJY3fLLO7KCmrg7ANwoJRjnu9RziSPh8Ya8rdq8HRiGW7vI5B3cMeY9qJIJrogoIAl_CvdA4fHpKdIWhZ5g6kJz7F3_HDZzD0_0BNzQ8yXelvNem541nX6rtZIj800Jg1YSeC25pg1WdclgJ5DgIDoP7Y4pnqY7Odt2cpiSLcL6PDkiWnYjcTHeXwhdgyuZR3gofwQZnfBZTXfRThMj9QZN6_ZJ.Dsg8.KXjhA6eEUSeJoVDGL6HC4x2QXzy5n57fOCgzgSW6jWDJDPnewXkxz6OLm5e8HzulOD9CpyxDLbSH6wxQaJPypgLd7SrSnS5VK46UPpeBmoupDLaya1GWesl3PmTg1AiOVZ0MARm8SmAhg.JdK5YlIjExS4xHcFrZGTtwXxZ7_9HgdVVGvqdLsoa1DNsssOe4_ieYJPrM3AKOE0_.h6ooKrfqYVUVK5VvZtSW1unhiI7AKzV5RMlbltFgTeIdRz6KkR_zVpHRatnG_QIrL9sB7BlLs1b93CDd3PJEjrG7v0Xek0cZ99Tf9IpMSO3edNFMsA2O2eZVN0WShOxxkgKZCmy0HEDTtvAjFOOw3dE8_GxJ8CZLRg0mKnH1RY7s3iy.P2Clflk86osuwcGYnGnhOKA8C3zDyfvDmWUxS9ag.FNRJ5oTAJTt1SxvmciWrX808MpVjhR.Nd55ZmhJdxEbm0qtpPm4",mdrd: "Qpy93wNb._s1ASDNsi0SCjaRmJkP0EFm4jgCf_Ol4ao-1739781834-1.2.1.1-GPGJTqS.NXYI06_HKHCgwTLLqvV3sc8MMJfVsNxxQSgzwXkPamvhRMbpG8fd_nM2WeWMIy8RXDeCmL9ny6SyHMK_em.p5dWwwdl8.vM4vpXyPPbNY2gLsewQTUJ.PUAHve6wac_3karZl7La9GgKzuQLiIfKMAZYGFHh9rTShaqwIwFVvmYNgDnYSXT2GBjPjlBfZhtcbVUinjOeGfshVgk_PzXeEsSZAtWgqcAV4KV02F9MzLsmx2hwaFlvvAx7zcdzjqroVpOb_PwOygslS_N86paLlslj0pRUTAQITiaD133Vw4h4VjyCtMSssXeGjqsMTkNVXPCTX4CwnsMGwlI.ilCwzUhSDv0FolY2eW_rbuO95kBnN5gD1Few8HJcBK6JIRI7mz2UAfuLYNNciUefjIDTNe4wOBDYim7UgrU1_5_uzrzd7Y5Wi8I_6vMollzTfUXu1PKaFHAq3mBw5JsJL1PpV55ZsahbEc8yQlcVWkZLOmQw10P1BleyxNVgEUZg8GMbQQ.4GS4ob6Y4nHWfCbW1QsMRC.bzZI4xxyzlAFMuMdV5gbdwogiDW6yrtqiBPuX1AHLL4YpxMEId7oQytta2XZzDpb_r6dnd6rXJ7SqhIeVJX00HpGcy99dMhSG1epvdKftk99Q279J3VSjrgifUTmvcDk8NP0Ao0BBEpJdJiyKxIwUygzDngDe7ddhNUBqfK.TCnGF8xgVkn9KG.KXICjy5HG0GTN.QINpgWyRYWA.qME8fcduJT9ocsmn3VIyjEu7vOwfAheswYKMXkTwf_mCQ6CmOjcpfb5Mu1odRyGT2Jv.yzCkXKyt5ehU2UQ2WafRIRmFxqfMi4iFj4ZbRAdOTzXpYECAT07xa2CdnBWilLoA.mC.JfFQZ5dMTUR3UlhoGL0mbRr7HwO3Sl9Yj2lR9yZ4DcnwAi12LfMGqB5AfFZFSijUvz_3VXkPKaySY7XWTQwgKfdv4rWZK2cISVPmH9dN9gwkLF.s5DOjDe9I27ySEjAZGZysr30aefPekr3WSSk0aXGPjp9iI1aedfj4wrl_3UWOP3tEh_cxLUxRt7daaUKp0_DiDxuP9FHaXfS2rewqG2FQfCutPb1gwarj4I8lSEdXr3ts_ln_JpRlf.rgktBdOztZwBT4h_kntG72mWDU7ESF0d7W72LDO_uG.hffWHZZR.rPX.r09HoT6d.QFMwRscPmT5BsJYYk7_DqeKlLp2mpj76A3CkQxnt.348accvgNAvWFHHk5Slvwmlku.GPsh.Stjcj0X4sJFhg6S1T1elHh_cYyR_AEVVYhwejIieM2oJpOJ.ks2Y9ad55t7zOXuAMpJABetDhYNx2s0ixEv.8nJdzFrXyCvGD59d0mj0JGrSeayf5_1vW5pskOooj4OW3Iiylqt5IqdbiWtofpzjc6j3LLse1.hzqs9ibeEZbSlKJRp4rGWzZ7Ru9DT9tuDSIOgAcVb2Ban_npb3DIoOxcxPcfaAoTGzWN6yxvoWSkKUVy_Rald5C2XgN_nT8x1jJ1RwMUWVw7Jz5RNNpTEcQzEM8mc.lF6FNQJHtR0UUsYYS5eVvLOLN67sStkXHJZiU4I2QkLdcSb_JDMDLuiARd4afxAmoisf2wSIwrm90SrIZt9InFxO0WI7h0t2G6qhy.TVjUa.jEcXWvjaM5tPEU4qu5NhaW6LEeRBa7a9Am5FPgBia_GiPsOOowdPURm8giUoSf4MDmHIHPRAoM3zIhvjhto.UkX.ntEPHc8xK.s.vT3jHsgxFdUFcTiLkaums9uBcBzVrFAmVu8rO8YnS73wRUlcPX4KWJhut.HSyrmF2Jn0LWfrqXhieMxoqGygCRflhUXJFX.7re1Hu4j5.S1J147OX_nsZUjF75yXQBQhUhPHKslY4XsiM_RWm8ajd9apE6x2egBB83KUz1pinwTH8SrP4BSvennkE_G1OJoRk59YMTYcOd1o6BIHgiaVsH"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91347e13ff0e8970';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Essam%20Elkholy&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ghV9dEDgSceRQA.p1hdgorTQeFH8iDB1EoY3q9mgzcU-1739781834-1.0.1.1-_nKuWBnfiP4aC5CvOBLkBBJ6WqvuAZwfT22ykfINEYY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>