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Zimbabwe – Wikipedia
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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigering </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" title="Besök huvudsidan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Huvudsida</span></a></li><li id="n-Introduktion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion"><span>Introduktion</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deltagarportalen" title="Om projektet, vad du kan göra, var man kan hitta saker"><span>Deltagarportalen</span></a></li><li id="n-Bybrunnen" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bybrunnen"><span>Bybrunnen</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar" title="Lista över de senaste ändringarna på wikin [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Senaste ändringarna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Slumpsida" title="Gå till en slumpmässigt vald sida [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slumpartikel</span></a></li><li id="n-filuppladdning" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Ladda upp filer till Wikimedia Commons"><span>Ladda upp filer</span></a></li><li id="n-Kontakta-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakta Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hj%C3%A4lp" title="Platsen där du hittar hjälp"><span>Hjälp</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sv.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:S%C3%B6k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Sök i svenskspråkiga Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search 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aria-label="Personliga verktyg"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Ändra utseendet på sidans teckenstorlek, bredd och färg" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Zimbabwe" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Zimbabwe" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Zimbabwe" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Zimbabwe" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Namn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Namn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Historia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Äldre_historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Äldre_historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Äldre historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Äldre_historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forntid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forntid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Forntid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forntid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rozwiklanen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rozwiklanen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Rozwiklanen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rozwiklanen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brittisk_koloni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brittisk_koloni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Brittisk koloni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brittisk_koloni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kamp_för_självständighet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kamp_för_självständighet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Kamp för självständighet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kamp_för_självständighet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mugabe_kommer_till_makten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mugabe_kommer_till_makten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Mugabe kommer till makten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mugabe_kommer_till_makten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mugabe_tvingas_avgå" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mugabe_tvingas_avgå"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Mugabe tvingas avgå</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mugabe_tvingas_avgå-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ny_ledning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ny_ledning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Ny ledning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ny_ledning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Geografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Klimat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Klimat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naturskydd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naturskydd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Naturskydd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naturskydd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Styre_och_politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Styre_och_politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Styre och politik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Styre_och_politik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Styre och politik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Styre_och_politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konstitution_och_styre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konstitution_och_styre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Konstitution och styre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konstitution_och_styre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrativ_indelning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrativ_indelning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Administrativ indelning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrativ_indelning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rättsväsen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rättsväsen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Rättsväsen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rättsväsen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Försvar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Försvar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Försvar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Försvar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi_och_infrastruktur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi_och_infrastruktur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ekonomi och infrastruktur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomi_och_infrastruktur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Ekonomi och infrastruktur</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi_och_infrastruktur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Näringsliv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Näringsliv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Näringsliv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Näringsliv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jord-_och_skogsbruk,_fiske" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jord-_och_skogsbruk,_fiske"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Jord- och skogsbruk, fiske</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jord-_och_skogsbruk,_fiske-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energi_och_råvaror" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energi_och_råvaror"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Energi och råvaror</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energi_och_råvaror-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Industri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tjänster_och_turism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tjänster_och_turism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span>Tjänster och turism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tjänster_och_turism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Handel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastruktur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastruktur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Infrastruktur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastruktur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Utbildning_och_forskning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utbildning_och_forskning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Utbildning och forskning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utbildning_och_forskning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Befolkning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Befolkning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Befolkning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Befolkning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Befolkning</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Befolkning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Statistik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Statistik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minoriteter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minoriteter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Minoriteter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minoriteter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Migration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>Migration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Språk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Språk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Språk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Språk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hälsa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hälsa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Hälsa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hälsa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Övriga_befolkningsdata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Övriga_befolkningsdata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Övriga befolkningsdata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Övriga_befolkningsdata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kultur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Kultur</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kultur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konstarter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konstarter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Konstarter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konstarter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bildkonst" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bildkonst"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Bildkonst</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bildkonst-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditioner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditioner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Traditioner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditioner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Helgdagar_och_högtider" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helgdagar_och_högtider"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Helgdagar och högtider</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helgdagar_och_högtider-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultursymboler_och_viktiga_personligheter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultursymboler_och_viktiga_personligheter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2</span> <span>Kultursymboler och viktiga personligheter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kultursymboler_och_viktiga_personligheter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internationella_rankningar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internationella_rankningar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Internationella rankningar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internationella_rankningar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zimbabwe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 249 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-249" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">249 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%9A%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A3%E1%89%A5%E1%8B%8C" title="ዚምባብዌ – amhariska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዚምባብዌ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – enaresamiska" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="जिम्बाब्वे – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जिम्बाब्वे" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – fornengelska" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="fornengelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – abchaziska" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abchaziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A" title="زيمبابوي – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زيمبابوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A7" title="Զիմպապուէ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Զիմպապուէ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabou%C3%A8" title="Zimbabouè – frankoprovensalska" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Zimbabouè" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="frankoprovensalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabue" title="Zimbabue – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Zimbabue" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simb%C3%A1vue" title="Simbávue – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Simbávue" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87" title="زیمبابوه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زیمبابوه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – balinesiska" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87" title="জিম্বাবুয়ে – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জিম্বাবুয়ে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – banjariska" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D1%8D" title="Зімбабвэ – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зімбабвэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D1%8D" title="Зымбабвэ – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Зымбабвэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="जिम्बाब्वे – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जिम्बाब्वे" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabue" title="Simbabue – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Simbabue" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – bayerska" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bayerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཛིམ་བབ་ཝི། – tibetanska" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཛིམ་བབ་ཝི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimb%C3%A0bue" title="Zimbàbue – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zimbàbue" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabue" title="Zimbabue – korsikanska" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Zimbabue" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A" title="زيمبابوي – marockansk arabiska" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="زيمبابوي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marockansk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – nordsamiska" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – Pennsylvaniatyska" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvaniatyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%92%DE%A8%DE%89%DE%B0%DE%84%DE%A7%DE%84%DE%AA%DE%88%DE%AD" title="ޒިމްބާބުވޭ – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޒިމްބާބުވޭ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%A9_Bee_Bighan_Naakaii_%C5%81izhin%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Tsé Bee Bighan Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyah – navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsé Bee Bighan Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – lågsorbiska" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lågsorbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="जिम्बावे – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="जिम्बावे" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B5" title="Ζιμπάμπουε – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζιμπάμπουε" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabue" title="Zimbabue – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zimbabue" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabvo" title="Zimbabvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zimbabvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbag%C3%BCi" title="Zimbagüi – extremaduriska" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Zimbagüi" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremaduriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – farefare" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="farefare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87" title="زیمبابوه – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیمبابوه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Fiji-hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji-hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabvi" title="Simbabvi – färöiska" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Simbabvi" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="färöiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simmbaabuwe" title="Simmbaabuwe – fulani" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Simmbaabuwe" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSiomb%C3%A1ib" title="An tSiombáib – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSiombáib" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_%C3%87himbabwe" title="Yn Çhimbabwe – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Çhimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – gagauziska" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siombabue" title="Siombabue – skotsk gäliska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Siombabue" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gäliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimbabue" title="Cimbabue – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cimbabue" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%87" title="ઝિમ્બાબ્વે – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઝિમ્બાબ્વે" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EB%B0%94%EB%B8%8C%EC%9B%A8" title="짐바브웨 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="짐바브웨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%BE%D5%A5" title="Զիմբաբվե – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զիմբաբվե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="ज़िम्बाब्वे – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज़िम्बाब्वे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – högsorbiska" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="högsorbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87" title="জিম্বাবুয়ে – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="জিম্বাবুয়ে" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – ossetiska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IZimbabwe" title="IZimbabwe – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IZimbabwe" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IZimbabwe" title="IZimbabwe – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IZimbabwe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabve" title="Simbabve – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Simbabve" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%91%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94" title="זימבבואה – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זימבבואה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabw%C3%A9" title="Zimbabwé – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Zimbabwé" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbaabuwee" title="Simbaabuwee – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Simbaabuwee" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86" title="ಜಿಂಬಾಬ್ವೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಿಂಬಾಬ್ವೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%95%E1%83%94" title="ზიმბაბვე – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზიმბაბვე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – kasjubiska" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – korniska" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – kinjarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinjarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – kikongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kikongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwea" title="Zimbabwea – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Zimbabwea" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabw%C3%A9" title="Zimbabwé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Zimbabwé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%AEmbabwe" title="Zîmbabwe – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zîmbabwe" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – västmariska" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="västmariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabue" title="Simbabue – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Simbabue" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – lettgalliska" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="lettgalliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabua" title="Zimbabua – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Zimbabua" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabv%C4%97" title="Zimbabvė – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Zimbabvė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – liguriska" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabue" title="Zimbabue – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Zimbabue" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/zimbabues" title="zimbabues – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="zimbabues" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – luganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="luganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbaboe" title="Zimbaboe – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Zimbaboe" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86" title="സിംബാബ്വെ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിംബാബ്വെ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBimbabwe" title="Żimbabwe – maltesiska" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Żimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timuwawe" title="Timuwawe – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Timuwawe" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="झिम्बाब्वे – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="झिम्बाब्वे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%95%E1%83%94" title="ზიმბაბვე – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ზიმბაბვე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%89" title="زيمبابوى – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زيمبابوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87" title="زیمبابوه – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="زیمبابوه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A6" title="ꯓꯤꯝꯕꯥꯕꯋꯦ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯓꯤꯝꯕꯥꯕꯋꯦ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D1%8D" title="Зимбабвэ – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Зимбабвэ" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – mongoliska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%98%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဇင်ဘာဘွေနိုင်ငံ – burmesiska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇင်ဘာဘွေနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – nigeriansk pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="nigeriansk pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – lågsaxiska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaxiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="जिम्बाब्वे – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जिम्बाब्वे" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="जिम्बाब्वे – newariska" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जिम्बाब्वे" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%96%E3%82%A8" title="ジンバブエ – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジンバブエ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – tjetjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbaabuwee" title="Zimbaabuwee – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Zimbaabuwee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87" title="ਜ਼ਿੰਬਾਬਵੇ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜ਼ਿੰਬਾਬਵੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="जिम्बाबवे – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="जिम्बाबवे" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwa" title="Zimbabwa – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Zimbabwa" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%92" title="زمبابوے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زمبابوے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%90" title="زیمبابوې – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="زیمبابوې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabue" title="Zimbabue – jamaikansk engelsk kreol" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Zimbabue" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaikansk engelsk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81" title="ស៊ីមបាវេ – kambodjanska" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ស៊ីមបាវេ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kambodjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – pikardiska" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – piemontesiska" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – karakalpakiska" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – krimtatariska" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – kölniska" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpapwi" title="Simpapwi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Simpapwi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зімбабве – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Зімбабве" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – jakutiska" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwa" title="Zimbabwa – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Zimbabwa" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – samoanska" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87" title="जिम्बाबवे – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जिम्बाबवे" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimb%C3%A4bwe" title="Zimbäbwe – sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Zimbäbwe" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%AE" title="ᱡᱤᱢᱵᱟᱵᱩᱭᱮ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱤᱢᱵᱟᱵᱩᱭᱮ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – sardinska" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwa" title="Zimbabwa – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Zimbabwa" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbabwe" title="Simbabwe – saterfrisiska" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Simbabwe" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – sydsotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sydsotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – nordsotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="nordsotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabveja" title="Zimbabveja – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zimbabveja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabbui" title="Zimbabbui – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Zimbabbui" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A" title="සිම්බාබ්වේ – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සිම්බාබ්වේ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A" title="زمبابوي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="زمبابوي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IZimbabwe" title="IZimbabwe – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IZimbabwe" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – silesiska" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbaabwi" title="Simbaabwi – somaliska" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Simbaabwi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%8C" title="زیمبابوی – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زیمبابوی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabw%C3%A9" title="Zimbabwé – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Zimbabwé" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="rekommenderad artikel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87" title="சிம்பாப்வே – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிம்பாப்வே" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – kabyliska" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B8%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%81%BA%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၸိမ်ႇပႃႇပူၺ်ႇ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၸိမ်ႇပႃႇပူၺ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwa" title="Zimbabwa – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Zimbabwa" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87" title="జింబాబ్వే – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జింబాబ్వే" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7" title="ประเทศซิมบับเว – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศซิมบับเว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%9A%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A3%E1%89%A5%E1%8B%8C" title="ዚምባብዌ – tigrinja" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ዚምባብዌ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbagwe" title="Zimbagwe – venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Zimbagwe" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86" title="ಜಿಂಬಾಬ್ವೆ – tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜಿಂಬಾಬ್ವೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – turkmeniska" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zi%CC%B1mbabwe" title="Zi̱mbabwe – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Zi̱mbabwe" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве – udmurtiska" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Зимбабве" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зімбабве – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зімбабве" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%92" title="زمبابوے – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زمبابوے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8B%DB%90" title="زىمبابۋې – uiguriska" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="زىمبابۋې" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinb%C3%A0bue" title="Zinbàbue – venetianska" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zinbàbue" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabiy%C3%A4n" title="Zimbabiyän – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Zimbabiyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%8B" title="津巴布韋 – litterär kineiska" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="津巴布韋" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="litterär kineiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbaawee" title="Simbaawee – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Simbaawee" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%A6" title="津巴布韦 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="津巴布韦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%90%D7%91%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2" title="זימבאבווע – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זימבאבווע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%8B" title="津巴布韋 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="津巴布韋" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – zeeländska" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%97mbabv%C4%97" title="Zėmbabvė – samogitiska" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Zėmbabvė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%B7%B4%E5%A8%81" title="辛巴威 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="辛巴威" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabuwe" title="Zimbabuwe – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Zimbabuwe" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimbabw%C3%A9" title="Jimbabwé – betawiska" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Jimbabwé" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe – ibanska" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Zimbabwe" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Zimbabve" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%89" title="ⵣⵉⵎⴱⴰⴱⵡⵉ – marockansk standard-tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵣⵉⵎⴱⴰⴱⵡⵉ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="marockansk standard-tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q954#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Zimbabwe" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button 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class="longitude">30°Ö</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kartor, flygfoton och andra data för denna plats">19°S 30°Ö</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-19; 30</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><dl class="noexcerpt dablink"><dd><i>För andra betydelser, se <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_(olika_betydelser)" class="mw-disambig" title="Zimbabwe (olika betydelser)">Zimbabwe (olika betydelser)</a>.</i></dd></dl> <p><span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 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#ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width: 22em; font-size: 88%"><tbody><tr class="adr"> <th colspan="3" align="center" class="mergedtoprow" style="line-height:1.2em; padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em; font-size:1.25em;"><span class="fn org country-name">Republic of Zimbabwe <br /> Republiken Zimbabwe</span></th> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="maptable" colspan="3" align="center" style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table align="center" style="width:100%; background:none;"><tbody><tr> <td align="center" style="width:58%; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zimbabwes flagga"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/125px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/188px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/250px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> <td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Coat_of_arms_of_Zimbabwe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zimbabwes statsvapen"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Coat_of_arms_of_Zimbabwe.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Coat_of_arms_of_Zimbabwe.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Coat_of_arms_of_Zimbabwe.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="340" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr> <td align="center"><small><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwes_flagga" title="Zimbabwes flagga">Flagga</a></small></td> <td align="center"><small><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwes_statsvapen" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimbabwes statsvapen">Statsvapen</a></small></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="3" style="line-height:1.2em; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Valspr%C3%A5k" title="Valspråk">Valspråk</a>: </b>Unity, Freedom, Work <br />(Sammanhållning, frihet, arbete)</td> </tr><tr> <td class="anthem" colspan="3" style="line-height:1.2em; text-align:center;"><b>Nationalsång: </b><i><a href="/wiki/Kalibusiswe_Ilizwe_leZimbabwe" title="Kalibusiswe Ilizwe leZimbabwe">Kalibusiswe Ilizwe leZimbabwe</a></i><br /></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; padding:0.6em 0em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:LocationZimbabwe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="läge"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/LocationZimbabwe.svg/250px-LocationZimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/LocationZimbabwe.svg/375px-LocationZimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/LocationZimbabwe.svg/500px-LocationZimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption> läge</figcaption></figure> <div style="position:relative; top:0.3em;"><small></small></div> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Huvudstad" title="Huvudstad">Huvudstad</a></b><br />(även största stad) </td><td><a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a> </td></tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Officiellt_spr%C3%A5k" title="Officiellt språk">Officiellt språk</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shona" title="Shona">shona</a> och <a href="/wiki/Sindebele" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindebele">sindebele</a></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2">Statsskick</th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enhetsstat" title="Enhetsstat">enhetsstat</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_Zimbabwes_presidenter" title="Lista över Zimbabwes presidenter">President</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%A4lvst%C3%A4ndighet" title="Självständighet">Självständighet</a></th> <td>från <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Deklarerad</td> <td><a href="/wiki/11_november" title="11 november">11 november</a> <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a> (som Rhodesia) </td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Erkänd</td> <td><a href="/wiki/18_april" title="18 april">18 april</a> <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> (som Zimbabwe) </td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="3">Area</th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Totalt</td> <td>390 757 km²<sup id="cite_ref-Zim2012_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zim2012-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_l%C3%A4nder_efter_yta" title="Lista över länder efter yta">59:e</a>)</td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Vatten (%)</td> <td>1%</td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="3">Befolkning</th> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">2021 års uppskattning</td> <td>14 829 988<sup id="cite_ref-:23_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_l%C3%A4nder_efter_folkm%C3%A4ngd" title="Lista över länder efter folkmängd">73</a>)</td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">2012 års folkräkning</td> <td>13 061 239<sup id="cite_ref-CensusUNData_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusUNData-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Befolkningstäthet</td> <td>38 inv./km² </td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Bruttonationalprodukt" title="Bruttonationalprodukt">BNP</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6pkraftsparitet" title="Köpkraftsparitet">PPP</a>)</td> <td>2020 års beräkning</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Totalt</td> <td>40,79 miljarder <a href="/wiki/Amerikansk_dollar" title="Amerikansk dollar">USD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_l%C3%A4nder_efter_BNP_(PPP)" title="Lista över länder efter BNP (PPP)">118:e</a>)</td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Per capita</td> <td>2700 <a href="/wiki/Amerikansk_dollar" title="Amerikansk dollar">USD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_l%C3%A4nder_efter_BNP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="Lista över länder efter BNP (PPP) per capita">201</a>)</td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Bruttonationalprodukt" title="Bruttonationalprodukt">BNP</a></b> (nominell)</td> <td>2017 års beräkning</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Totalt</td> <td>15,29 miljarder <a href="/wiki/Amerikansk_dollar" title="Amerikansk dollar">USD</a><sup id="cite_ref-imf.org_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf.org-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_l%C3%A4nder_efter_BNP" title="Lista över länder efter BNP">41:a</a>)</td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Per capita</td> <td>1 027,4 <a href="/wiki/Amerikansk_dollar" title="Amerikansk dollar">USD</a><sup id="cite_ref-imf.org_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf.org-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a></b> (2021)</td> <td><span style="color:#0c0; font-size:1em;">▲</span> 0,593<sup id="cite_ref-hdirapport2022_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdirapport2022-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_l%C3%A4nder_efter_Human_Development_Index" title="Lista över länder efter Human Development Index">146:e</a>)</td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta">Valuta</a></th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwiskt_guld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimbabwiskt guld [inte skriven än]">Zimbabwiskt guld</a> (<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ZWG</a></code>) </td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tidszon" title="Tidszon">Tidszon</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>+2 </td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Topografi" title="Topografi">Topografi</a></b></td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="width:1em; padding:0 0 0 0.6em;"> - </td> <td style="padding-left:0em;">Högsta punkt</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inyangani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inyangani [inte skriven än]">Inyangani</a><sup id="cite_ref-:23_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">2592<sup id="cite_ref-:23_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Meter_%C3%B6ver_havet" title="Meter över havet">m ö.h.</a></span></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6ger-_och_v%C3%A4nstertrafik" title="Höger- och vänstertrafik">Kör på</a></th> <td>Vänster</td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nationaldag" title="Nationaldag">Nationaldag</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/18_april" title="18 april">18 april</a></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nationalitetsm%C3%A4rke" title="Nationalitetsmärke">Nationalitetsmärke</a></th> <td>ZW</td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">Landskod</a></th> <td>ZW, ZWE, 716</td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Toppdom%C3%A4n" title="Toppdomän">Toppdomän</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/.zw" class="mw-redirect" title=".zw">.zw</a></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Landsnummer" title="Landsnummer">Landsnummer</a></th> <td>263</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="3"><small>* Valuta sen 2017. Dessförinnan amerikanska dollar. Se avsnitt "Ekonomi"</small></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Zimbabwe</b>, officiellt <b>Republiken Zimbabwe</b> (<a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a>: <i>Republic of Zimbabwe</i>) är en kustlös stat i södra <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> som gränsar till <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambique" title="Moçambique">Moçambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydafrika" title="Sydafrika">Sydafrika</a> och <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>. Huvudstad är <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a>. </p><p>Den <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">brittiska</a> kolonin <a href="/wiki/Sydrhodesia" title="Sydrhodesia">Sydrhodesias</a> regering deklarerade landets självständighet år 1965 under namnet <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>, men blev inte internationellt erkänt förrän år 1980. Landet bytte då namn till Zimbabwe.<sup id="cite_ref-:26_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:26-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vid gränsen mot Zambia finns <a href="/wiki/Victoriafallen" title="Victoriafallen">Victoriafallet</a> i <a href="/wiki/Zambezi" title="Zambezi">Zambezifloden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Namn">Namn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Namn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Namn"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Namnet Zimbabwe är härlett från <i>dzimba dzemabwe</i>, vilket på språket <a href="/wiki/Shona" title="Shona">shona</a> betyder "stenhus".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namnet, som använts sedan år 1980,<sup id="cite_ref-:26_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:26-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kommer från den rika handelsstad som låg på samma plats på 1200-talet men som övergavs på 1400-talet då klimatförändringar gjorde marken obrukbar.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Äldre_historia"><span id=".C3.84ldre_historia"></span>Äldre historia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Äldre historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Äldre historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zimbabwe tillhör ett av de områden i <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> som varit bebodda längst. Det finns fynd som är uppåt 500 000 år gamla. De fynd som påträffats är troligtvis från anfäder till de som bodde i området till för 20 000 år sedan. Det var jägare och samlare som troligen tillhörde <a href="/wiki/Sanfolket" title="Sanfolket">Sanfolket</a>, vilka bebodde hela södra Afrika fram tills de fördrevs till <a href="/wiki/Kalahari%C3%B6knen" title="Kalahariöknen">Kalahariöknen</a>, där Sanfolket fortfarande bor.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forntid">Forntid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Forntid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Forntid"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Omkring år 1 började <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rn%C3%A5ldern" title="Järnåldern">järnåldern</a> i nuvarande Zimbabwe.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under 400-talet immigrerade bantutalande människor från Central- och Östafrika, vilka är förfäder till dagens <a href="/wiki/Shona" title="Shona">shona</a>-talande människor.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Med bantuinvandringen infördes verktyg av järn, bättre odlingsmetoder och permanent bosättning. Betydande guldfyndigheter gjordes och handel med arabiska köpmän på den östafrikanska kusten började.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vid <a href="/wiki/800-talet" title="800-talet">800-talet</a> hade <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineralutvinningen</a> lett till en omfattande <a href="/wiki/Handel" title="Handel">handel</a> med grannländer, i synnerhet handel med <a href="/wiki/Guld" title="Guld">guld</a>. Kuststäder som <a href="/wiki/Sofala" title="Sofala">Sofala</a> i öst kan tyda på att landet ingick som ett led i en betydande fjärrhandel. Från denna tid är <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6vding" title="Hövding">hövdingarna</a> begravda med praktfulla smycken och klasskillnader börjar bli märkbara. Runt <a href="/wiki/1100-talet" title="1100-talet">1100-talet</a> lades grunden till staten Stora Zimbabwe, som på <a href="/wiki/1400-talet" title="1400-talet">1400-talet</a> skulle utvecklas till <a href="/wiki/Kungariket_Mutapa" title="Kungariket Mutapa">Monomotapariket</a>. Fynd från utgrävningar antyder att samhället skilde mellan dem som brukade mineraler och de styrande.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rozwiklanen">Rozwiklanen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Rozwiklanen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Rozwiklanen"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enligt lokala berättelser flyttade det bantutalande folket <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozvi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rozvi [inte skriven än]">Rozvi</a> in i Zimbabwe på 1300-talet.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De styrande i Mutapa var ett shonafolk, <i>karanga</i>, av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozwiklanen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rozwiklanen [inte skriven än]">Rozwiklanen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Deras ledare tog titeln Munhu Mutapa.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kung Mutota och hans son kung Matope utökade sitt rike omkring <a href="/wiki/1425" title="1425">1425</a> så att det sträckte sig långt över det guldrika landet, ut mot östkusten, och större delen av södra Afrika,<sup id="cite_ref-:9_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i princip hela dagens Zimbabwe och delar av dagens <a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambique" title="Moçambique">Moçambique</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riket kallades <i>Wilayat’ul mu’anamutapah</i> efter kungens titel <i>mwanamutapa</i>, "herren över de plundrade länderna".<sup id="cite_ref-:9_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> När portugiserna kom till området kallade de landet <a href="/wiki/Monomotapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Monomotapa">Monomotapa</a> och trodde att det var prästkonungen Johannes land.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>När Matope dog <a href="/wiki/1480" title="1480">1480</a> delades landet, och Changa blev kung över nuvarande landsområdet, och kallade sitt land <i>Urozwi</i>, "landet som härskas av Rozwiklanen"; den andra landsdelen fortsatte att heta Monopatariket. Till skillnad från Monopata undkom Urozwi <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugals</a> härjningar under 1500-talet.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riket ingick avtal med portugiserna, som fick resa och handla i landet. Portugiserna etablerade handelsplatser och konflikter uppstod.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Munhu Mutapa-riket upplöstes efter portugisiska militära aktioner mot imperiet 1628 och 1629. Den portugisiska handeln fortsatte, och de östra delarna av Zimbabwe hemsöktes också av slavhandlare.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under 1600-talet tillkom de flesta byggnaderna i <a href="/wiki/Stora_Zimbabwe" title="Stora Zimbabwe">Stora Zimbabwe</a>, som antingen var en borg eller en helig plats. Efter flera sekel av trygghet föll karangifolket offer för ngonifolket på 1830-talet.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brittisk_koloni">Brittisk koloni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Brittisk koloni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Brittisk koloni"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hoisting_the_flag_at_Fort_Salisbury.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Hoisting_the_flag_at_Fort_Salisbury.png/250px-Hoisting_the_flag_at_Fort_Salisbury.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Hoisting_the_flag_at_Fort_Salisbury.png/375px-Hoisting_the_flag_at_Fort_Salisbury.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Hoisting_the_flag_at_Fort_Salisbury.png/500px-Hoisting_the_flag_at_Fort_Salisbury.png 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>Brittiska flaggan <a href="/wiki/Union_Jack" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Jack">Union Jack</a> hissades över <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Fort Salisbury</a> den 13 september 1890</figcaption></figure> <p>År 1893 invaderades landet av premiärministern för <a href="/wiki/Kapkolonin" title="Kapkolonin">Kapkolonin</a> med brittiskt stöd, och vitt styre infördes. Det blev ett uppror när bl.a. mark beslagtogs av de vita.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a> annekterade dåvarande <a href="/wiki/Sydrhodesia" title="Sydrhodesia">Sydrhodesia</a> från <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_South_Africa_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The South Africa Company [inte skriven än]">The South Africa Company</a></i> år 1923. Landet blev i princip självstyrande av en vit minoritetsbefolkning på 5%. De svarta fick utstå kraftig diskriminering under införandet av <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under åren 1953-1963 ingick Sydrhodesia i <a href="/wiki/Centralafrikanska_federationen" title="Centralafrikanska federationen">Centralafrikanska federationen</a> tillsammans med kolonierna <a href="/wiki/Nyasaland" title="Nyasaland">Nyasaland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>) och <a href="/wiki/Nordrhodesia" title="Nordrhodesia">Nordrhodesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> År 1964 blev Nordrhodesia självständigt som <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> År 1965 deklarerade Sydrhodesias vita minoritetsregering ensidigt sin självständighet under namnet <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>. Självständigheten accepterades inte av omvärlden.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I synnerhet på grund av den policy som <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a> etablerat för sin avkolonisering, <a href="/w/index.php?title=NIBMAR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NIBMAR [inte skriven än]">NIBMAR</a>, eller "<a href="/w/index.php?title=No_Independence_Before_Majority_African_Rule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No Independence Before Majority African Rule [inte skriven än]">No Independence Before Majority African Rule</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-:13_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kamp_för_självständighet"><span id="Kamp_f.C3.B6r_sj.C3.A4lvst.C3.A4ndighet"></span>Kamp för självständighet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kamp för självständighet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kamp för självständighet"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Efter den ensidiga självständighetsförklaringen år 1965 blev landet det första att få sanktioner från <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6renta_nationerna" title="Förenta nationerna">Förenta nationerna</a>. Sanktionerna åtlyddes inte av alla länder, och framförallt handeln med <a href="/wiki/Sydafrika" title="Sydafrika">Sydafrika</a> fortsatte.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rhodesia erkände först Storbritanniens regent som landets statsöverhuvud, och försökte utan framgång förhandla med Storbritannien om självstyre. År 1970 utropade premiärministern <a href="/wiki/Ian_Smith" title="Ian Smith">Ian Smith</a> Rhodesia som en <a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republik</a>, efter att den vita minoriteten röstat för en ny konstitution.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rhodesia hade militärt samarbete med Sydafrika och <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> från år 1970 fram tills diktaturen i Portugal föll.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det <a href="/wiki/Marxism-leninism" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxism-leninism">marxist-leninistiska</a> <a href="/wiki/Zanu-PF" title="Zanu-PF">Zanu-PF</a> under ledning av <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a> bedrev <a href="/wiki/Gerillakrigf%C3%B6ring" title="Gerillakrigföring">gerillakrig</a> och använde det kommunistiska <a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambique" title="Moçambique">Moçambique</a> som bas från 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zambia, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> och Moçambique stödde motståndsrörelsen i Rhodesia och även Sydafrika började nu pressa Rhodesias ledare att finna en förhandlingslösning. År 1979 ledde gerillakriget och Rhodesias ökande isolering till att den vita regimen valde att lämna ifrån sig makten. Under 1979 hette landet "Zimbabwe Rhodesia".<sup id="cite_ref-:13_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mugabe_kommer_till_makten">Mugabe kommer till makten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Mugabe kommer till makten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Mugabe kommer till makten"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>År 1980 utropades självständighet under namnet Zimbabwe.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det nya landets första premiärminister blev <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a>. Han var landets ende ledare från 1980 till 2017. Han sågs inledningsvis som en frihetskämpe för den svarta majoriteten mot det tidigare vita minoritetsstyret.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den första budgeten efter självständigheten, i juli 1980, beskrevs av finansministern som konservativ men med ett milt och pragmatiskt tillskott av socialism.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men redan i mitten av 1980-talet kom han att visa sin totalitära sida när han beordrade massmord på 20 000 personer i opposition i <a href="/wiki/Matabeleland_South" title="Matabeleland South">Matabeleland.</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samtidigt kom <a href="/wiki/Hiv_och_aids_i_Afrika" title="Hiv och aids i Afrika">hiv</a> att börja spridas i Zimbabwe och redan år 1987 samlade man till en regeringsledd styrning för att få bukt med epidemin.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den tidigare väsentligt centralstyrda och internationellt isolerade ekonomi ändrade kurs till marknads- och handelsinriktad ekonomi 1991. Men under slutet av 1997 började en kraftig nedförsbacke för Zimbabwes ekonomi. President Mugabe gav efter för krigsveteraner som kämpat under självständighetskriget under 1970-talet och beviljade dem periodiska kontantbidrag som ekonomins utveckling egentligen inte tillät. Ekonomin hamnade i en ekonomisk katastrofsituation vilket ledde till en ond spiral med ökad arbetslöshet, inflation och minskad export. Samtidigt hade man militär närvaro i konflikten i <a href="/wiki/Kongo-Kinshasa" title="Kongo-Kinshasa">Kongo</a>, vilket också kostade.<sup id="cite_ref-udpm_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-udpm-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under år 2000 genomfördes en stor jordbruksreform där staten beslagtog 4000 av 4500 jordbruk som ägdes av vita farmare, i syfte att korrigera för koloniala orättvisor. Dessa omfördelades till 300 000 jordlösa svarta familjer, men många gårdar tilldelades också höga politiker inom regeringspartiet. Produktionen halverades och ekonomin blev kraftigt försämrad.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-23"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Valet som hölls år 2000 rapporterades ha varit våldsamt och otillförlitligt.<sup id="cite_ref-:19_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-24"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> År 2001 kunde man se en återgång till en form av <a href="/wiki/Planekonomi" title="Planekonomi">planekonomi</a> med starka inslag av statligt engagemang och styrning och "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenisering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indigenisering [inte skriven än]">indigenisering</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-udpm_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-udpm-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>År 2002 riktade <a href="/wiki/Europeiska_unionen" title="Europeiska unionen">EU</a> sanktioner mot landet efter anklagelser om valfusk och brott mot <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4nskliga_r%C3%A4ttigheter" title="Mänskliga rättigheter">mänskliga rättigheter</a>. Sanktionerna luckrades med tiden upp men kvarstod år 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under tiden spreds hiv-epidemin i landet och år 2005 beräknades 24,6% av befolkningen vara smittad. Att stoppa spridningen blev svårt eftersom den egna ekonomin tillsammans med sanktioner gjorde det svårt att upprätthålla sjukvården i landet.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parlamentsval hölls åren 2002 och 2005. Även om valet år 2005 rapporterades ha varit mindre våldsamt än de två tidigare valen så ansågs det av omvärlden alltjämt ha varit arrangerat.<sup id="cite_ref-:19_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-24"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den 29 mars <a href="/wiki/Presidentvalet_i_Zimbabwe_2008" title="Presidentvalet i Zimbabwe 2008">2008 hölls president</a>-, parlaments- och lokalval. Eftersom varken Mugabe eller <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Tsvangirai" title="Morgan Tsvangirai">Tsvangirai</a> fick mer än 50 % av rösterna skulle en andra valomgång genomföras den 27 juni 2008. På grund av utbrett våld mot oppositionen och med hänvisning till att det var omöjligt att genomföra ett fritt val drog Tsvangirai tillbaka sin kandidatur. Valet hölls ändå och Mugabe vann. Mugabe fick dock motta fördömanden från omvärlden. År <a href="/wiki/Presidentvalet_i_Zimbabwe_2013" title="Presidentvalet i Zimbabwe 2013">2013 hölls återigen val</a>. Även om detta val bedömdes som någorlunda trovärdigt av valobservatörer, så riktades kritik mot olika brister som gjorde att det inte kunde kallas ett fritt och rättvist val. Mugabe vann även denna gång.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mugabe_tvingas_avgå"><span id="Mugabe_tvingas_avg.C3.A5"></span>Mugabe tvingas avgå</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Mugabe tvingas avgå" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Mugabe tvingas avgå"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="font-style:italic; ;"> <dl><dd>Se även: <a href="/wiki/Milit%C3%A4rkuppen_i_Zimbabwe_2017" title="Militärkuppen i Zimbabwe 2017">Militärkuppen i Zimbabwe 2017</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Den 14 november 2017 tog militären över tv-stationen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation [inte skriven än]">Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation</a> och satte Mugabe i husarrest. Han avsattes 19 november som ledare för <a href="/wiki/Zanu-PF" title="Zanu-PF">Zanu-PF</a> och ersattes som partiledare av <a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a>. Efter hot om att ställas inför <a href="/wiki/Riksr%C3%A4tt" title="Riksrätt">riksrätt</a> avgick han frivilligt den 21 november. Den 24 november svors Emmerson Mnangagwa in som president. Mnangagwa var landets vicepresident fram till två veckor före Mugabes avgång.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ny_ledning">Ny ledning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ny ledning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ny ledning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>År 2018 hölls val i Zimbabwe, den sittande regeringen vann valet, men anklagades av oppositionen för valfusk.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-28"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efter att ny president efterträtt Robert Mugabe har man erkänt brister i den kontroversiella landreformen som genomfördes i början på 2000-talet. År 2020 tecknade regeringen ett avtal om att betala ut en ersättning motsvarande 30 miljarder kronor till vita farmare som förlorade sin mark.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-23"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zimbabwe börjar också få ner spridningen av hiv, även om man fortfarande har omfattande problem med sjukvården. 2021 var ca 15% smittade med hiv jämfört med ca 30% runt år 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nästa val ska hållas 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-28"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Geografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Zi-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Zi-map.png/250px-Zi-map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Zi-map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="363" /></a><figcaption>Zimbabwe</figcaption></figure> <p>Zimbabwe är en republik i södra Afrika.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-30"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Till ytan är landet något mindre än Sverige. Huvudstad är Harare.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-31"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zimbabwe är en inlandstat på en platå 1 200–1 600 m ö.h. som gränser till Sydafrika i söder, Botswana i sydväst, Zambia i nordväst och Moçambique i nord och öst. Genom landet rinner Afrikas fjärde längsta flod, Zambezi.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-30"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klimat">Klimat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Klimat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Klimat"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zimbabwes klimat är <a href="/wiki/Tropiskt_klimat" title="Tropiskt klimat">tropiskt</a>, men mildras av landets höjd över havet. Centrala delarna av Zimbabwe är en högplatå som ligger omkring tusen meter över havet. Där har den svalaste säsongen i juni och juli en medeltemperatur på 13–14°C. Regntiden varar från november till mars, och den varmaste perioden är i början. Medeltemperaturen för oktober–november är 20–23°C. De lägsta områdena har ett tropiskt klimat i skyddade dalar, med medeltemperaturer upp till ca 30°C för oktober. </p><p>Nederbörden varierar mycket med terrängen. Den årliga nederbörden är störst längst österut med 1 000 till 1 500 mm, mest december till februari. Centralplatån har knappt 1 000 och nederbörd och torka juni–september. Skyddade områden i väster har en årlig nederbörd under 500 mm.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naturskydd">Naturskydd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitt: Naturskydd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Naturskydd"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De största miljöproblemen i Zimbabwe är avskogning, jorderosion, markförstöring, luft- och vattenföroreningar. Tjuvjakt har gjort att beståndet av den svarta noshörningen, som en gång var den största i världen, minskat avsevärt. Tungmetallföroreningar och giftigt avfall är resultatet av dålig gruvdrift.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Styre_och_politik">Styre och politik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitt: Styre och politik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Styre och politik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konstitution_och_styre">Konstitution och styre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitt: Konstitution och styre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Konstitution och styre"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="font-style:italic; ;"> <dl><dd>Se även: <a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_Zimbabwes_presidenter" title="Lista över Zimbabwes presidenter">Lista över Zimbabwes presidenter</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Sedan 1980 är Zimbabwe enligt konstitutionen en demokratisk, parlamentarisk republik.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mellan åren 1980 och 1987 var vita inkvoterade på 20% av parlamentsposterna, detta system har sedermera avskaffats.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zimbabwe har tvåkammarsystem sen år 2005. Underhuset har 270 ledamöter varav 60 är särskilt vigda för kvinnor. Överhuset har 80 platser varav 18 är vigda för traditionella ledare och 2 för att representera människor med funktionsnedsättning. Efter ett omstritt parlamentsval 2008 blev det en maktdelning mellan regerande parti och opposition där en premiärministerpost inrättades parallellt med presidentposten.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-34"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Val till presidentposten och parlament ska hållas vart femte år och presidenten kan inneha sin plats under två mandatperioder.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-34"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I praktiken råder dock diktatur då ZANU-PF styrt sen dess. Robert Mugabe ledde partiet och landet fram till år 2017 då Emmerson Mnangagwa tog över. Medborgerliga rättigheter har också allvarligt kränkts, och under många år förekom anklagelser om folkmord i Matabeleland.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrativ_indelning">Administrativ indelning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitt: Administrativ indelning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Administrativ indelning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zimbabwe är indelat i 10 provinser. Av dessa är två - Harare och Bulawayo - storstadsområden. Landskapsråden består av representanter valda enligt proportionalitetsprincipen och av alla riksdagsledamöter från landskapet. I provinserna väljs stads- och landskommuner i direkta val.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-34"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Zimbabwe_Provinces_(adm)_numbered_300px.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Zimbabwe_Provinces_%28adm%29_numbered_300px.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="233" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="233" /></a><figcaption>Karta över Zimbabwes provinser.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#ACE1AF"> <th>Nr </th> <th>Provins </th> <th>Huvudort </th> <th>Yta (km²) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulawayo" title="Bulawayo">Bulawayo</a> </td> <td><i>Stadsprovins'</i> </td> <td>479 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a> </td> <td><i>Huvudstad</i> </td> <td>872 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manicaland" title="Manicaland">Manicaland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mutare" title="Mutare">Mutare</a> </td> <td>36 459 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mashonaland_Central" title="Mashonaland Central">Mashonaland Central</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bindura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bindura [inte skriven än]">Bindura</a> </td> <td>28 374 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mashonaland_East" title="Mashonaland East">Mashonaland East</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marondera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marondera [inte skriven än]">Marondera</a> </td> <td>32 230 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mashonaland_West" title="Mashonaland West">Mashonaland West</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinhoyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinhoyi [inte skriven än]">Chinhoyi</a> </td> <td>57 441 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Masvingo" title="Masvingo">Masvingo</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masvingo_(stad)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masvingo (stad) [inte skriven än]">Masvingo</a> </td> <td>56 566 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Matabeleland_North" title="Matabeleland North">Matabeleland North</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lupane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lupane [inte skriven än]">Lupane</a> </td> <td>75 025 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Matabeleland_South" title="Matabeleland South">Matabeleland South</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gwanda [inte skriven än]">Gwanda</a> </td> <td>54 172 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midlands_(Zimbabwe)" title="Midlands (Zimbabwe)">Midlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gweru" title="Gweru">Gweru</a> </td> <td>49 166 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statoids.com/uzw.html">Statistik från Statoid</a> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Zimbabwe_districts.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Zimbabwe_districts.png/400px-Zimbabwe_districts.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Zimbabwe_districts.png/600px-Zimbabwe_districts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Zimbabwe_districts.png/800px-Zimbabwe_districts.png 2x" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>Distrikt i Zimbabwe</figcaption></figure> <p>Zimbabwe är ett enhetligt land med två nivåer av subnationella regeringar, sammansatt av 10 provinser och storstadsråd och 86 lokala råd. Subnationella regeringar har erkänts i den nya konstitutionen från 2013, som också introducerar ett nytt regeringsskikt mellan nationell och lokal nivå (provinser, som fram till dess bara var administrativa enheter). </p><p>Stads- och landsbygdsråd är vidare indelade i avdelningar för administrativa ändamål. Stadsfullmäktige har tilldelats olika status enligt stadsdelsnämndslagen och är indelade i 4 lokala nämnder, 8 kommunfullmäktige, 10 kommunalråd och 6 stadsfullmäktige. Lokala styrelser inrättas i bosättningar med en mycket liten befolkning, eller i centra som inte kan försörja sig utan statligt stöd. </p><p>Kommunerna har en tillräcklig storlek för att stå ensamma. Kommunfullmäktige har den högsta statusen i landet, och avser storstäder. Skillnader i status innebär skillnader i valsystemet för den verkställande makten: kommun- och kommunfullmäktige har en borgmästare som väljs demokratiskt vart fjärde år, medan lokala styrelser och kommunfullmäktige leds av en ordförande vald av fullmäktige. </p><p>Alla fullmäktigeledamöter i stadsfullmäktige och landsbygdsråd är demokratiskt valda. Den nya konstitutionen (2013) tillhandahåller ett nytt regeringsskikt: provinser. Enligt konstitutionen ges provins-/storstadsråden större befogenheter och större oberoende från centralregeringen, och 10 ledamöter av provinsråden, samt deras ordförande, väljs nu demokratiskt. </p><p>Enligt konstitutionen är provins- och storstadsregeringar ansvariga för ekonomisk utveckling, samordning och genomförande av statliga program, miljöskydd, främjande av turism, etc. Provinsiella och lokala myndigheter har inga egna budgetanslag och anses fortfarande vara underordnade strukturer för ministeriet för lokalförvaltning, offentliga arbeten och nationella bostäder. </p><p>Stadsfullmäktiges kompetens omfattar vattenförsörjning, sjukvård (sjukhus, kliniker etc), mödra- och barnskydd, bostäder, transporter, skolor, bibliotek, sanitet, miljöskydd, brandkår och kommunpolis, gatubelysning, offentliga utrymmen, parker, etc. Landsbygdskommunernas kompetens omfattar tillhandahållande av sociala tjänster såsom hälsa och utbildning, byggande och underhåll av avloppsanläggningar, vägar och dammar, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rättsväsen"><span id="R.C3.A4ttsv.C3.A4sen"></span>Rättsväsen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Redigera avsnitt: Rättsväsen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=17" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Rättsväsen"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zimbabwe är genomfartsland för <a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a> samt sydasiatiskt <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metakvalon" title="Metakvalon">mandrax</a> (även kallat quaaludes, sopor) och <a href="/wiki/Metamfetamin" title="Metamfetamin">metamfetaminer</a> som ska till Sydafrika.<sup id="cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAworldfactbook-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Försvar"><span id="F.C3.B6rsvar"></span>Försvar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Redigera avsnitt: Försvar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=18" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Försvar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De militära utgifterna, som andel av BNP, ökade från 1,9 % år 2015 till 2,6 % år 2019. Militärtjänstgöringen var frivillig för män och kvinnor mellan 18 och 22 år.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zimbabwes väpnade styrkor bestod av armén och flygvapnet, vilket år 2018 omfattade ungefär 29 000 aktiv personal. Dessutom fanns halvmilitära polisstyrkor som omfattade 21 800 personal. Armén bestod av 25 000 aktiva personal. Materielen omfattade år 2018 stridsvagnar, spaningsfordon, stormpansarfordon, pansarpersonalfordon och självgående artilleri. Armén hade också ett medeltungt- och luftvärnsartilleri. Flygvapnet bestod år 2018 av 4 000 aktiv personal. Materielen omfattade stridsflygplan, spaningsflygplan, lätta transportflygplan, träningsflygplan samt helikoptrar.<sup id="cite_ref-:24_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:24-38"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sedan 2000-talet har <a href="/wiki/Europeiska_unionen" title="Europeiska unionen">EU</a> lagt ett vapenembargo mot Zimbabwe. Riktade sanktioner har även införts av bland annat <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> och <a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a>. Vapensanktionerna är en av förklaringarna till att försvarsmaterielen till stor del består av äldre <a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland">rysk</a> och <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">kinesisk</a> utrustning.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zimbabwe har även bidragit till internationella insatser. Till exempel år 2018 i FN-operationerna i <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> och i <a href="/wiki/Sydsudan" title="Sydsudan">Sydsudan</a> (<a href="/wiki/UNAMID" class="mw-redirect" title="UNAMID">UNAMID</a> och UNISFA).<sup id="cite_ref-:24_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:24-38"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi_och_infrastruktur">Ekonomi och infrastruktur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ekonomi och infrastruktur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=19" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ekonomi och infrastruktur"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I början av 1980-talet gick handelsbalansen upp som en direkt följd av att sanktioner lyftes och att Zimbabwe hade en diversifierad industri.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I slutet av 1980-talet blåste liberala vindar i den socialistiska ekonomin och industrin ville ha liberal handel.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-39"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> År 1997 hade landet den snabbast växande ekonomin i Afrika.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-40"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Implementeringen av liberal ekonomi krävde dock en politisk målmedvetenhet och en nationalekonomisk "grundtrygghet" som saknades. Och den inom-regionala obalansen – med Sydafrika i en så oerhört dominerande roll – hjälpte inte utvecklingen framåt.<sup id="cite_ref-udpm_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-udpm-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I slutet av 1990-talet gick ekonomin således utför.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under 1990-talet var landet beroende av handeln med Sydafrika. Vilket i huvudsak berodde på den ekonomiska subventionen de fick på ström och dessutom importerades olja och bensin därifrån. Samtidigt var Sydafrika beroende av att upprätthålla en stabilitet i Zimbabwe. I annat fall skulle den regionala balansen falla.<sup id="cite_ref-udpm_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-udpm-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Landet var inblandat i konflikter (till exempel kriget i <a href="/wiki/Kongo-Kinshasa" title="Kongo-Kinshasa">Kongo-Kinshasa</a> 1998–2002) som kostat miljoner. Landet har stort behov av bistånd och lån. Dock nekades detta med hänvisning till brott mot mänskligheten och politiska rättigheter, oförmåga att betala tidigare lån samt som protest mot den genomförda landreformen.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zimbabwe hade gradvis utvecklat en inflationstakt som saknar motstycke i fredstid. Anledningen är att regeringen fick begränsade intäkter från den havererade ekonomin och därför var hänvisade till sedelpressarna. Den 24 maj 2006 var räntan 850 % och inflationen omkring 1 043 % per år. Inflationen nådde 5 000 % under juli 2007 och ett försök gjordes att tvinga butiksägare att <a href="/wiki/Priskontroll" class="mw-redirect" title="Priskontroll">halvera priserna</a> under hot om stränga straff.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inflationen fortsatte att stiga under 2007, och var i augusti uppe i omkring 6 600 %.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Från december 2006 till december 2007 var prisstegringen 66 000 % vilket var rekord,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> men inget mot ökningen av prisnivån mellan den 5 januari 2007 och den 31 oktober 2008, som uppgick till hela 2,79 triljoner procent (2,79*10<sup>18</sup> %).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En månad senare, 2008–09, hade inflationen ökat till 79,6 miljarder procent (7,96*10<sup>9</sup> %) på månadsbasis, eller 8,97 <a href="/wiki/Triljard" title="Triljard">triljarder</a> procent (8,97*10<sup>21</sup> %) på årsbasis.<sup id="cite_ref-NGS_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGS-45"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I januari 2009 meddelade Zimbabwes centralbank att de ger ut en ny sedelvalör på 100 biljoner zimbabwedollar.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Till slut var man uppe i sedelvalören 100 biljoner zimbabwedollar (100 000 000 000 000 = 10<sup>14</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-NGS_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGS-45"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mugabe själv pekade ut utländska regeringar och "sabotage" som orsak till den ekonomiska kollapsen i Zimbabwe, och använde samma argument för att förklara landets arbetslöshet, som 2007 uppgick till 80 %.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Till följd av <a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation" title="Hyperinflation">hyperinflationen</a> tilläts handel med internationella valutor år 2009, något som tidigare bara varit tillåtet för vissa licensierade handlare.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> År 2015 övergavs den inhemska valutan helt och dessa kunde växlas in mot amerikanska dollar.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2019 återinfördes en nationell valuta, nu under namnet Zimbabwe dollar.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>År 2020 beslutade Världsbanken att stoppa alla utbetalningar av lån till Zimbabwe med anledning av att de slutat betala in tidigare lån.<sup id="cite_ref-wb_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-51"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under år 2020 gjordes ytterligare kraftansträngningar för att få ordning på inflationen. Bland annat infördes regelbaserad hantering av reservpengar, en valutaauktion och uppmjukning av dedollarisering. Effekten blev att inflationen minskade från 838% i juli 2020 till ett mer stabilt årsgenomsnitt på 50% 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-wb_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-51"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zimbabwes BNP per capita var länge bland de högsta i Afrika söder om Sahara. Nivån sjönk från omkring 2 500 amerikanska dollar år 2005, till omkring 500 dollar år 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-52"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> År 2018 har den ökat till 2 147 dollar.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-53"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Näringsliv"><span id="N.C3.A4ringsliv"></span>Näringsliv</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Redigera avsnitt: Näringsliv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=20" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Näringsliv"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jord-_och_skogsbruk,_fiske"><span id="Jord-_och_skogsbruk.2C_fiske"></span>Jord- och skogsbruk, fiske</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Redigera avsnitt: Jord- och skogsbruk, fiske" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=21" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Jord- och skogsbruk, fiske"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>År 2017 stod jordbruket för 12 % av BNP.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-53"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I Zimbabwe är jordbruket den viktigaste sektorn i ekonomin, då ungefär 65 % av den arbetande befolkningen är sysselsatta där i början av 2020-talet.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-54"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jordbrukssektorn är mer varierad än i de flesta afrikanska länder, vilket kan förklaras av Zimbabwes historia under den tid som Zimbabwe var Rhodesia. Under den perioden immigrerade många och marken fördelades mellan den vita och svarta populationen. De vita tilldelades en oproportionerligt stor andel, samt de områden som var lämpligast för både odling och boskapsskötsel. De vita kunde därför bygga upp större handelsinriktade gårdar medan de svarta fick nöja sig med den sämre marken, vilket senare fick stora politiska konsekvenser.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-54"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regeringens program för att omfördela de vitas mark till svarta ödelagt den kommersiella delen av jordbruket. Produktionen sjönk dramatiskt och mer än en miljon lantarbetare och deras anhöriga fördrevs. Vilket ledde till svält och minskad export.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-40"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tobak och bomull odlas för export, och för inhemsk konsumtion odlas bland annat majs, vete och socker. De viktigaste boskapen är i början av 2020-talet nötkreatur och getter.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-54"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zimbabwe har stora skogsområden. Av skogen tillverkas i huvudsak bränsle och träkol, men även som trämassa inom industrin samt till byggmaterial. I landet finns också ett betydande fiske i sjöar och floder, särskilt i området kring Kariba.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-54"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Energi_och_råvaror"><span id="Energi_och_r.C3.A5varor"></span>Energi och råvaror</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Redigera avsnitt: Energi och råvaror" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=22" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Energi och råvaror"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>År 2019 hade 53 % av befolkningen tillgång till elektricitet. År 2016 tillverkades energin till 58 % av fossila bränslen, 37 % av vattenkraft och 5 % av andra förnybara energikällor. Elektricitet både exporterades och importerades.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zimbabwes naturtillgångar består av guld, platina, nickel, diamanter och kol.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-31"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Industri">Industri</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Redigera avsnitt: Industri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=23" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Industri"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>År 2017 stod industrin för 22 % av BNP.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-53"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tjänster_och_turism"><span id="Tj.C3.A4nster_och_turism"></span>Tjänster och turism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tjänster och turism" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=24" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Tjänster och turism"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under 2000-talet minskade turismen i takt med att politisk polarisering och maktkamp, våldsamheter, farmockupationer, urholkad ekonomi och bränslebrist skapat svarta rubriker i <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4rldspressen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Världspressen [inte skriven än]">världspressen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-udpm_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-udpm-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men år 2017 stod servicesektorn ändå för 66% av BNP.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-53"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Handel">Handel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Redigera avsnitt: Handel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=25" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Handel"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zimbabwe gick 1990 med i handelsorganisationen SADC i syfte att liberalisera exporten. Senare gick man även med i <a href="/wiki/COMESA" class="mw-redirect" title="COMESA">COMESA</a> för att stärka den regionala handeln.<sup id="cite_ref-udpm_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-udpm-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-39"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det gjordes också försök under 1990-talet för att bryta mönstret att produktion i huvudsak inriktade på inhemsk försäljning, men det gick långsamt. Den makroekonomiska utvecklingen hade också en negativ effekt på exporten. År 2001 identifierades i huvudsak tre nyckelprodukter i exporten; jordbruket, gruvnäringen och turismen. Den makroekonomiska utvecklingen fick effekt på den del av den inhemska produktionen som var importberoende. T.ex. jordbruket som var beroende av import av gödsel. De vikande världsmarknadspriserna på mineraler fick också effekt på exporten.<sup id="cite_ref-udpm_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-udpm-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ur afrikanskt perspektiv har landet en ovanligt varierad exportsektor där ingen vara är den helt dominerande exportprodukten.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-55"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Platina, bomull och tobak var de viktigaste exportvarorna år 2017 och de viktigaste exportländerna Sydafrika, Moçambique, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6renade_Arabemiraten" class="mw-redirect" title="Förenade Arabemiraten">Förenade Arabemiraten</a>. Samtidigt var de viktigaste importvarorna maskiner, transportutrustning, industrivaror och de viktigaste importländerna Sydafrika, Zambia.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_53-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-53"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastruktur">Infrastruktur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Redigera avsnitt: Infrastruktur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=26" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Infrastruktur"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Utbildning_och_forskning">Utbildning och forskning</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Redigera avsnitt: Utbildning och forskning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=27" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Utbildning och forskning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Läs- och skrivkunnighet, år 2015, i engelska hos befolkningen över 15 år var 86,5%.<sup id="cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAworldfactbook-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Befolkning">Befolkning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Redigera avsnitt: Befolkning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=28" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Befolkning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demografi">Demografi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Redigera avsnitt: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=29" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Demografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Statistik">Statistik</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Redigera avsnitt: Statistik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=30" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Statistik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r53696904"><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background:#ddddff;">Zimbabwes demografi</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Shona_witch_doctor_(Zimbabwe).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Shona_witch_doctor_%28Zimbabwe%29.jpg/250px-Shona_witch_doctor_%28Zimbabwe%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Shona_witch_doctor_%28Zimbabwe%29.jpg/375px-Shona_witch_doctor_%28Zimbabwe%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Shona_witch_doctor_%28Zimbabwe%29.jpg/500px-Shona_witch_doctor_%28Zimbabwe%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1642" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span> <div style="">En n'ganga (traditionell helare) från shona-folket.</div></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Folkmängd</th><td class="" style="">14 829 988 (2021 est.)</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Befolkningsförändring</th><td class="" style="">1,94 % (2021 est.)</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6delsetal" class="mw-redirect" title="Födelsetal">Födelsetal</a></th><td class="" style="">33,34 födslar/1 000 invånare (2021 est.)</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6dstal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dödstal">Dödstal</a></th><td class="" style="">9,02 dödsfall/1 000 invånare (2021 est.)</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Summerad_fruktsamhet" class="mw-redirect" title="Summerad fruktsamhet">Summerad fruktsamhet</a></th><td class="" style="">3,91 barn/kvinna (2021 est.)</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A4dbarnsd%C3%B6dlighet" title="Spädbarnsdödlighet">Spädbarnsdödlighet</a></th><td class="" style="">29,41 dödsfall/1 000 levande födslar (2021)</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Migrationsnetto</th><td class="" style="">-4,93 migranter/1 000 invånare (2021 est.)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ddddff;">Åldersfördelning</th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">0–14 år</th><td class="" style="">38,32 % (2020)</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">15–64 år</th><td class="" style="">57,17 % (2020)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" class="">Källa: <a href="/wiki/World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="World Factbook">World Factbook</a> (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-:23_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> Befolkningens medianålder (2017) </p> <ul><li>Samtliga: 20,0 år</li> <li>Män:19,6 år</li> <li>Kvinnor:20,4 år</li></ul> <p>Ungdomsarbetslöshet 15-24 år (2014) </p> <ul><li>Samtliga: 16,5 %</li> <li>Män: 11,7 %</li> <li>Kvinnor: 21,1 %</li></ul> <ul><li>Könsfördelning (vid födseln): 1,03 män per kvinna (2016)</li> <li>Könsfördelning (hela befolkningen): 1,01 män per kvinna (2016)</li> <li>Moderns medianålder vid första barnets födelse för mödrar i åldern 25-29 år: 20,0 år (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAworldfactbook-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minoriteter">Minoriteter</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Redigera avsnitt: Minoriteter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=31" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Minoriteter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="font-style:italic; ;"> <dl><dd>Se även: <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Etniska_grupper_i_Zimbabwe" title="Kategori:Etniska grupper i Zimbabwe">Kategori:Etniska grupper i Zimbabwe</a></dd></dl></div> <p>År 2016 bestod Zimbabwes befolkning till 99,4 % av afrikaner där de huvudsakliga folkgrupperna var <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shona_(folk)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shona (folk) [inte skriven än]">Shona</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matabele_(folk)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matabele (folk) [inte skriven än]">Matabele</a> och <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ndbele_(folk)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ndbele (folk) [inte skriven än]">Ndbele</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAworldfactbook-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shonatalande befolkningen utgör större delen av den afrikanska befolkningen, och är uppdelade i flera undergrupper. <i>Ndbele</i> utgör ungefär 15 % av den Afrikanska befolkning och har sitt ursprung i Sydafrika. <i>Ndbele-folket</i> är företrädesvis bosatta i södra Zimbabwe. <i>Ndbele</i> invandrade ursprungligen under 1820-talet, då som deserterade krigare från <a href="/wiki/Zulu" title="Zulu">Zuluhövdingen</a> Shakas armé. Familjens utformning och sysselsättningen påminner om <i>shonafolkets</i> men är mindre ceremoniell och mer fokuserad på boskapsskötsel. Kulturen påminner mer om de besläktade <a href="/wiki/Nguni_(folk)" title="Nguni (folk)">ngunifolken</a>, främst <a href="/wiki/Zulu" title="Zulu">zulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sotho_(folk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotho (folk)">sotho</a> och <a href="/wiki/Tswana" title="Tswana">tswana</a>. <i>Ndbeles</i> samhälle är uppbyggt efter tre sociala klasser.<sup id="cite_ref-:20_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-56"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Efter andra världskriget var immigrationen till Zimbabwe kraftig och den vita populationen växte dramatiskt. I mitten av 2010-talet var ungefär 25 % av den vuxna vita befolkningen född i Zimbabwe, ungefär 65 % av de vita zimbabwierna hade europeiskt ursprung resterande hade sydafrikanskt ursprung.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-57"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De allra flesta vita har i början av 2020-talet utvandrade och det återstår knappt 45 000 vita i Zimbabwe.<sup id="cite_ref-:20_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-56"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det finns också några tusen asiater. De har en gemenskap som i regel sysselsätter sig med handel.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-57"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Migration">Migration</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Redigera avsnitt: Migration" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=32" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Migration"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>År 2016 uppskattades antalet flyktingar i Zimbabwe från <a href="/wiki/Kongo-Kinshasa" title="Kongo-Kinshasa">Demokratiska republiken Kongo</a> till 5 925 personer. Dessutom beräknas det finnas 300 000 statslösa i landet. År 2015 ansåg World Factbook att antalet internflyktingar inte var fastställt. Sedan 1980-talet har Zimbabwe gradvis övergått från att vara ett bosättningsland till ett land med emigration. I viss utsträckning har Zimbabwe även blivit ett transitland för illegala östafrikanska migranter på väg till Sydafrika. </p><p>Under kolonialtiden invandrade en mängd européer, i synnerhet från Storbritannien. Men även tillfälligt bosatta ekonomiska migranter från Afrika kom. I samband med självständigheten började den första stora emigrationsvågen och bestod av den vita befolkningen som lämnade landet då en ny svart majoritets regering tog över. Emigrationen var således både politiskt och rasistiskt påverkad. En ny emigrationsvåg kom under 1990- och 2000-talen då en mer diversifierad emigration skedde som en följd av ekonomisk vanskötsel och hyperinflation. Problemen som uppstod som följd av emigrationen var bland annat kompetensbrist, illegal migration, människosmuggling och människohandel.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAworldfactbook-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Språk"><span id="Spr.C3.A5k"></span>Språk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Redigera avsnitt: Språk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=33" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Språk"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I mitten på 2010-talet var shona det mest talade språket. Ndbele var det näst mest talade språket medan engelskan företrädesvis användes i det offentliga. Dessa tre språk utgjorde, tillsammans med 13 andra minoritetsspråk, officiella språk. </p><p>De 13 minoritetsspråken är <a href="/wiki/Chewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Chewa">chewa</a>, chibarwe, <a href="/wiki/Kalanga" title="Kalanga">kalanga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khoisanspr%C3%A5k" title="Khoisanspråk">khoisan</a>, nambya, ndau, shangani teckenspråk, <a href="/wiki/Sotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotho">sotho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Tonga (språk)">tonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Setswana" title="Setswana">tswana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venda_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Venda (språk)">venda</a> samt <a href="/wiki/Xhosa" title="Xhosa">xhosa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAworldfactbook-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Redigera avsnitt: Religion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=34" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Religion"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>År 1560 etablerades den första kristna kyrkan, den <a href="/wiki/Romersk-katolska_kyrkan" title="Romersk-katolska kyrkan">katolska kyrkan</a>, i Zimbabwe. Detta genom den <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">portugisiske</a> jesuitmissionären <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gon%C3%A7alo_da_Silveira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gonçalo da Silveira [inte skriven än]">Gonçalo da Silveira</a> som mördades år 1561. Katolska kyrkan fanns dock kvar i landet fram till år 1667 då all katolsk verksamhet i Zimbabwe upphörde.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kristna protestantiska samfund etablerades i Zimbabwe under andra halvan av 1800-talet och katolska kyrkan återkom år 1890. Under 1900-talet hade kristna missionsskolor stort inflytande i Zimbabwe och större delen av landets första regering var också utbildade vid dessa skolor. I början av 2020-talet var runt 80 % av befolkningen kristen. Ungefär hälften av de kristna tillhörde den apostoliska kyrkan. Många, ungefär 25 % av befolkningen, utövade <a href="/wiki/Pentekostalism" title="Pentekostalism">pentekostalism</a> men många mindre kristna samfund fanns representerade, däribland sjundedagsadventister. Katolska kyrkan har också många anhängare, vilket förklaras av att katolska kyrkan stödde nationalisternas strävan under perioden efter självständigheten.<sup id="cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAworldfactbook-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:21_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-57"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hur många som utövar traditionella inhemska religioner är oklart, då uppskattningarna varierar mellan 0,6 % och omkring 20 %, men klart är att de inhemska religionerna har stor betydelse för många. Inte minst på grund av att de synkretistiska inslagen är stora. De inhemska religionerna hade också stor politisk betydelse då kampen för majoritetsstyre pågick, då i synnerhet de delar som relaterade till anfäderskult och förmedlare med andevärlden. En liten minoritet, omkring 2 %, utövar islam och <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Bahá'í">Bahá'í</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAworldfactbook-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:21_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-57"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hälsa"><span id="H.C3.A4lsa"></span>Hälsa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Redigera avsnitt: Hälsa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=35" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Hälsa"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="font-style:italic; ;"> <dl><dd>Se även: <a href="/wiki/Hiv_och_aids_i_Afrika" title="Hiv och aids i Afrika">Hiv och aids i Afrika</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Spädbarnsdödligheten som minskade fram till mitten av 2000-talet har stagnerat eller till och med försämrats även om den gått ner något från år 2017 då den var 32,7 per 1000 levande födslar till år 2021 då den beräknades till 29,41 per 1000 levande födslar.<sup id="cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAworldfactbook-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:23_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Andelen <a href="/wiki/HIV" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV">hiv</a>-smittade har sjunkit sedan år 1997 då den låg på 29 %. År 2016 beräknades 1,3 miljoner vara smittade, 13,5 % av befolkningen, och antalet avlidna var cirka 30 000. År 2020 var andelen smittade ungefär 12 % av befolkningen men antalet smittade på 1,3 miljoner människor var konstant. Antalet avlidna hade dock minskat med 8000 till 22 000 personer. Hiv-prevalensen fortsätter därmed vara bland världens högsta, vilket också gjort att medellivslängden blir kortare. År 2021 var medellivslängden 62,83 år.<sup id="cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAworldfactbook-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:23_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6drad%C3%B6dlighet" title="Mödradödlighet">Mödradödlighet</a> år 2015 var 443 dödsfall per 100 000 födslar. </p><p>Andel av den vuxna befolkningen som led av <a href="/wiki/Fetma" title="Fetma">fetma</a> år 2016 var 15,5 %. </p><p>Andelen barn under 5 års ålder som var <a href="/wiki/Undervikt" title="Undervikt">underviktiga</a> år 2014 var 11,2 %.<sup id="cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAworldfactbook-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Övriga_befolkningsdata"><span id=".C3.96vriga_befolkningsdata"></span>Övriga befolkningsdata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Redigera avsnitt: Övriga befolkningsdata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=36" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Övriga befolkningsdata"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den senaste <a href="/wiki/Folkr%C3%A4kning" title="Folkräkning">folkräkningen</a> hölls den 17 augusti 2012 och avsåg den faktiska (<a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a>) bosatta befolkningen i Zimbabwe, som uppgick till 13 061 239 invånare (varav 6 280 539 män och 6 780 700 kvinnor).<sup id="cite_ref-CensusUNData_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusUNData-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Folkräkningar hade tidigare hållits 2002, 1992, 1982 och 1969. 1969 räknade dock endast den delen av befolkningen som sågs som <i>european</i> och <i>coloured</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNDATAlist_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNDATAlist-58"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Invånartalet i Zimbabwe uppskattades i juli 2017 av <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a> till 13 805 084 invånare,<sup id="cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAworldfactbook-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> av Förenta nationerna (befolkning den 1 juli 2016) till 15 967 000,<sup id="cite_ref-FN2016Pop_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FN2016Pop-59"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> av <a href="/wiki/Internationella_valutafonden" title="Internationella valutafonden">Internationella valutafonden</a> till 14 877 000 invånare (för år 2017)<sup id="cite_ref-imf.org_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf.org-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> samt av <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rldsbanken" title="Världsbanken">Världsbanken</a> (juli 2016) till 16 150 362 invånare.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultur">Kultur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kultur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=37" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kultur"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konstarter">Konstarter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Redigera avsnitt: Konstarter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=38" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Konstarter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bildkonst">Bildkonst</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Redigera avsnitt: Bildkonst" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=39" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Bildkonst"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Reconciliation_Amos_Supuni_Woerden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Reconciliation_Amos_Supuni_Woerden.jpg/250px-Reconciliation_Amos_Supuni_Woerden.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Reconciliation_Amos_Supuni_Woerden.jpg/375px-Reconciliation_Amos_Supuni_Woerden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Reconciliation_Amos_Supuni_Woerden.jpg/500px-Reconciliation_Amos_Supuni_Woerden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1412" data-file-height="2040" /></a><figcaption>"Reconciliation", en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stenskulptur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stenskulptur [inte skriven än]">stenskulptur</a> av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_Supuni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amos Supuni [inte skriven än]">Amos Supuni</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Zimbabwe är känt för sina stenskulpturer. Det är dock något som vuxit fram under 1900-talet. Dessförinnan var det mycket ovanligt.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-61"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Redigera avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=40" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Litteratur"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hos både shona och ndebele finns långa berättartraditioner. Detta beror på att folkgruppernas skriftspråk utvecklades först på 1800-talet.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-61"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>På 1950-talet kom de första svarta författarna i tryck och efter självständigheten på 1980-talet så exploderade litteraturen.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditioner">Traditioner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Redigera avsnitt: Traditioner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=41" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Traditioner"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Helgdagar_och_högtider"><span id="Helgdagar_och_h.C3.B6gtider"></span>Helgdagar och högtider</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Redigera avsnitt: Helgdagar och högtider" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=42" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Helgdagar och högtider"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Följande dagar är religiösa nationella helgdagar: påskdagen och juldagen.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kultursymboler_och_viktiga_personligheter">Kultursymboler och viktiga personligheter</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=43" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kultursymboler och viktiga personligheter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=43" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kultursymboler och viktiga personligheter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Fördjupning: <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwef%C3%A5geln" title="Zimbabwefågeln">Zimbabwefågeln</a></i></div><div class="noprint" style="font-style:italic; ;"></div></dd> <dd>Se även: <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwes_flagga" title="Zimbabwes flagga">Zimbabwes flagga</a> och <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwes_riksvapen" title="Zimbabwes riksvapen">Zimbabwes riksvapen</a></dd></dl> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Soapstone_birds_on_pedestals.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tre av Zimbabwefåglarna, fotograferade cirka 1891."><img alt="Tre av Zimbabwefåglarna, fotograferade cirka 1891." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Soapstone_birds_on_pedestals.jpg/250px-Soapstone_birds_on_pedestals.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Soapstone_birds_on_pedestals.jpg/375px-Soapstone_birds_on_pedestals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Soapstone_birds_on_pedestals.jpg/500px-Soapstone_birds_on_pedestals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="958" data-file-height="538" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tre av Zimbabwefåglarna, fotograferade cirka 1891.</div> </li> </ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwef%C3%A5geln" title="Zimbabwefågeln">Zimbabwefågeln</a> är Zimbabwes nationalemblem och återfinns bland annat på landets flagga.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internationella_rankningar">Internationella rankningar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=44" title="Redigera avsnitt: Internationella rankningar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=44" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Internationella rankningar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Organisation </th> <th>Undersökning </th> <th>Rankning </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Foundation" title="Heritage Foundation">Heritage Foundation</a>/<i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritage.org/index/country/zimbabwe">Index of Economic Freedom 2019</a> </td> <td>175 av 180 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Reportrar_utan_gr%C3%A4nser" title="Reportrar utan gränser">Reportrar utan gränser</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/zimbabwe">Pressfrihetsindex 2019</a> </td> <td>127 av 180 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transparency.org/cpi2018">Korruptionsindex 2018</a> </td> <td>160 av 180 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FN:s_utvecklingsprogram" title="FN:s utvecklingsprogram">FN:s utvecklingsprogram</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2019.pdf">Human Development Index 2018</a> </td> <td>150 av 189 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=45" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=45" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Zim2012-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Zim2012_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zimstat.co.zw/dmdocuments/CensusPreliminary2012.pdf">Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency; Census 2012, preliminary report (<b>pdf-fil</b>)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130903060905/http://www.zimstat.co.zw/dmdocuments/CensusPreliminary2012.pdf">Arkiverad</a> 3 september 2013 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. Läst 26 december 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CensusUNData-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-CensusUNData_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusUNData_2-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2015/Table03.pdf">”3. Population by sex, annual rate of population increase, surface area and density”</a> (på engelska och franska). <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6renta_nationerna" title="Förenta nationerna">Förenta nationerna</a>, United Nations Statistics Division. sid. 3<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2015/Table03.pdf">https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2015/Table03.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 1 juni 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=3.+Population+by+sex%2C+annual+rate+of+population+increase%2C+surface+area+and+density&rft.atitle=&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B3&rft.pub=%5B%5BF%C3%B6renta+nationerna%5D%5D%2C+United+Nations+Statistics+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funstats.un.org%2Funsd%2Fdemographic%2Fproducts%2Fdyb%2Fdyb2015%2FTable03.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:23-3">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:23_3-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_3-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_3-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_3-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_3-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_3-5"><small>f</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_3-6"><small>g</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_3-7"><small>h</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_3-8"><small>i</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_3-9"><small>j</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_3-10"><small>k</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/zimbabwe/">”Zimbabwe”</a> (på engelska). <i>The World Factbook</i> (Central Intelligence Agency). 2022-01-18<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/zimbabwe/">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/zimbabwe/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 30 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Zimbabwe&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.date=2022-01-18&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fzimbabwe%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf.org-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-imf.org_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf.org_4-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf.org_4-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=53&pr1.y=3&c=698&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=">”Zimbabwe 5. Report for Selected Countries and Subjects”</a> (på engelska). <a href="/wiki/Internationella_valutafonden" title="Internationella valutafonden">Internationella valutafonden</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=53&pr1.y=3&c=698&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=">http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=53&pr1.y=3&c=698&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 november 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+5.+Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%5B%5BInternationella+valutafonden%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2017%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fsy%3D2015%26ey%3D2022%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26pr1.x%3D53%26pr1.y%3D3%26c%3D698%26s%3DNGDPD%252CNGDPDPC%252CPPPGDP%252CPPPPC%252CLP%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hdirapport2022-5"><a href="#cite_ref-hdirapport2022_5-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf">”Human Development Report 2021/2022”</a> (på engelska) (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf.png/14px-Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf.png/21px-Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf.png/28px-Noia_64_mimetypes_pdf.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> <small><a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a></small>). United Nations Development Programme. sid. 284-287<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf">https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 3 december 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2021%2F2022&rft.atitle=&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B284-287&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:26-6">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:26_6-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:26_6-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Zimbabwe">”Zimbabwe | History, Map, Flag, Population, Capital, & Facts | Britannica”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.britannica.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Zimbabwe">https://www.britannica.com/place/Zimbabwe</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 mars 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+%7C+History%2C+Map%2C+Flag%2C+Population%2C+Capital%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft.atitle=www.britannica.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FZimbabwe&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dn.se/nyheter/varlden/vattenmassorna-tillbaka-i-victoriafallen/">”Vattenmassorna tillbaka i Victoriafallen”</a>. <i>Dagens Nyheter</i>. 3 april 2020. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1101-2447">1101-2447</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.dn.se/nyheter/varlden/vattenmassorna-tillbaka-i-victoriafallen/">https://www.dn.se/nyheter/varlden/vattenmassorna-tillbaka-i-victoriafallen/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 31 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vattenmassorna+tillbaka+i+Victoriafallen&rft.jtitle=Dagens+Nyheter&rft.date=3+april+2020&rft.issn=1101-2447&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dn.se%2Fnyheter%2Fvarlden%2Fvattenmassorna-tillbaka-i-victoriafallen%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news" id="CITEREFHarrison2017">Harrison, Dick (17 november 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svd.se/rasistiska-kolonialherrar-forsokte-forklara-bort-storverket">”Rasistiska kolonialherrar försökte förklara bort storverket | Dick Harrison”</a>. <i>Svenska Dagbladet</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1101-2412">1101-2412</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.svd.se/rasistiska-kolonialherrar-forsokte-forklara-bort-storverket">https://www.svd.se/rasistiska-kolonialherrar-forsokte-forklara-bort-storverket</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 31 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rasistiska+kolonialherrar+f%C3%B6rs%C3%B6kte+f%C3%B6rklara+bort+storverket+%7C+Dick+Harrison&rft.jtitle=Svenska+Dagbladet&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Dick&rft.au=Harrison%2C+Dick&rft.date=17+november+2017&rft.issn=1101-2412&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.svd.se%2Frasistiska-kolonialherrar-forsokte-forklara-bort-storverket&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalis.se/Laender/zimbabwe">”Zimbabwe”</a>. <i><span>www.globalis.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.globalis.se/Laender/zimbabwe">https://www.globalis.se/Laender/zimbabwe</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 mars 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe&rft.atitle=www.globalis.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalis.se%2FLaender%2Fzimbabwe&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-10">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-5"><small>f</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-6"><small>g</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-7"><small>h</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-8"><small>i</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-9"><small>j</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-10"><small>k</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFLeraandTjønneland2022-01-14">Leraand, Dag; Tjønneland, Elling (2022-01-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snl.no/Zimbabwes_historie">”Zimbabwes historie”</a> (på norskt bokmål). <i>Store norske leksikon</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://snl.no/Zimbabwes_historie">http://snl.no/Zimbabwes_historie</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 30 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Zimbabwes+historie&rft.jtitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.aulast=Leraand&rft.aufirst=Dag&rft.au=Leraand%2C+Dag&rft.au=Tj%C3%B8nneland%2C+Elling&rft.date=2022-01-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2FZimbabwes_historie&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-11">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:8_11-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_11-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Davidson, Basil, <i>Afrikas historia</i>, Stockholm: Rabén & Sjögren, 1969, s. 97f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-12">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:9_12-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_12-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_12-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_12-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_12-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_12-5"><small>f</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Davidson, Basil, <i>Afrikas historia</i>, Stockholm: Rabén & Sjögren, 1969, s. 129-131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ui.se/landguiden/lander-och-omraden/afrika/zambia/modern-historia/">”Zambia – Modern historia”</a>. <i><span>www.ui.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ui.se/landguiden/lander-och-omraden/afrika/zambia/modern-historia/">https://www.ui.se/landguiden/lander-och-omraden/afrika/zambia/modern-historia/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 30 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zambia+%E2%80%93+Modern+historia&rft.atitle=www.ui.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ui.se%2Flandguiden%2Flander-och-omraden%2Fafrika%2Fzambia%2Fmodern-historia%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ui.se/landguiden/lander-och-omraden/afrika/zimbabwe/aldre-historia/">”Zimbabwe – Äldre historia”</a>. <i><span>www.ui.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ui.se/landguiden/lander-och-omraden/afrika/zimbabwe/aldre-historia/">https://www.ui.se/landguiden/lander-och-omraden/afrika/zimbabwe/aldre-historia/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 30 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+%E2%80%93+%C3%84ldre+historia&rft.atitle=www.ui.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ui.se%2Flandguiden%2Flander-och-omraden%2Fafrika%2Fzimbabwe%2Faldre-historia%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-15">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:13_15-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_15-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_15-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_15-3"><small>d</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130603091825/http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=173&regionSelect=2-Southern_Africa">”Database - Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP)”</a>. <i><span>web.archive.org</span></i>. 3 juni 2013. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=173&regionSelect=2-Southern_Africa">originalet</a> den 3 juni 2013<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130603091825/http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=173&regionSelect=2-Southern_Africa">https://web.archive.org/web/20130603091825/http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=173&regionSelect=2-Southern_Africa</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 30 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Database+-+Uppsala+Conflict+Data+Program+%28UCDP%29&rft.atitle=web.archive.org&rft.date=3+juni+2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20130603091825%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucdp.uu.se%2Fgpdatabase%2Fgpcountry.php%3Fid%3D173%26regionSelect%3D2-Southern_Africa&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-16">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:15_16-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_16-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ian-Smith">”Ian Smith | prime minister of Rhodesia | Britannica”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.britannica.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ian-Smith">https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ian-Smith</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 31 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Ian+Smith+%7C+prime+minister+of+Rhodesia+%7C+Britannica&rft.atitle=www.britannica.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FIan-Smith&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFMurtagh">Murtagh, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/a-military-alliance-between-portugal-and-african-states-that-few-knew-about-1.1772940">”A military alliance between Portugal and African states that few knew about”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>The Irish Times</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/a-military-alliance-between-portugal-and-african-states-that-few-knew-about-1.1772940">https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/a-military-alliance-between-portugal-and-african-states-that-few-knew-about-1.1772940</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 31 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=A+military+alliance+between+Portugal+and+African+states+that+few+knew+about&rft.atitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.aulast=Murtagh&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Murtagh%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fa-military-alliance-between-portugal-and-african-states-that-few-knew-about-1.1772940&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-18">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:14_18-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_18-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-896942">”Världens äldsta statschef firar 91 år”</a>. <i><span>svenska.yle.fi</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-896942">https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-896942</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 30 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=V%C3%A4rldens+%C3%A4ldsta+statschef+firar+91+%C3%A5r&rft.atitle=svenska.yle.fi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsvenska.yle.fi%2Fa%2F7-896942&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-19">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:4_19-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_19-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_19-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_19-3"><small>d</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Zimbabwe/The-economy">”Zimbabwe - The economy | Britannica”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.britannica.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Zimbabwe/The-economy">https://www.britannica.com/place/Zimbabwe/The-economy</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+-+The+economy+%7C+Britannica&rft.atitle=www.britannica.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FZimbabwe%2FThe-economy&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/robert-mugabe">”Robert Mugabe - Uppslagsverk - NE.se”</a>. <i><span>www.ne.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/robert-mugabe">https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/robert-mugabe</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 31 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Robert+Mugabe+-+Uppslagsverk+-+NE.se&rft.atitle=www.ne.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Frobert-mugabe&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-21">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:17_21-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_21-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organisation">World Health Organisation (2005). <i><span>Zimbabwe Summary Country Profile for Hiv/Aids treatment scale-up</span></i>. World Health Organisation.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+Summary+Country+Profile+for+Hiv%2FAids+treatment+scale-up&rft.aulast=World+Health+Organisation&rft.au=World+Health+Organisation&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=World+Health+Organisation&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-udpm-22">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-udpm_22-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-udpm_22-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-udpm_22-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-udpm_22-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-udpm_22-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-udpm_22-5"><small>f</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-udpm_22-6"><small>g</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928095003/http://www.exportnytt.swedishtrade.se/docfile/5507.doc">”Promemoria från svenska ambassaden i Harare 24 juni 2001”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exportnytt.swedishtrade.se/docfile/5507.doc">originalet</a> den 28 september 2007<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928095003/http://www.exportnytt.swedishtrade.se/docfile/5507.doc">https://web.archive.org/web/20070928095003/http://www.exportnytt.swedishtrade.se/docfile/5507.doc</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 augusti 2007</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Promemoria+fr%C3%A5n+svenska+ambassaden+i+Harare+24+juni+2001&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070928095003%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.exportnytt.swedishtrade.se%2Fdocfile%2F5507.doc&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-23">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:16_23-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_23-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vk.se/2020-07-29/barskrapat-zimbabwe-betalar-vita-bonder">”Barskrapat Zimbabwe betalar vita bönder”</a>. <i><span>www.vk.se</span></i>. 29 juli 2020<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.vk.se/2020-07-29/barskrapat-zimbabwe-betalar-vita-bonder">https://www.vk.se/2020-07-29/barskrapat-zimbabwe-betalar-vita-bonder</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 31 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Barskrapat+Zimbabwe+betalar+vita+b%C3%B6nder&rft.atitle=www.vk.se&rft.date=29+juli+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vk.se%2F2020-07-29%2Fbarskrapat-zimbabwe-betalar-vita-bonder&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:19-24">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:19_24-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:19_24-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/apr/01/zimbabwe.jamessturcke">”Mugabe's party wins Zimbabwe election”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>the Guardian</span></i>. 1 april 2005<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/apr/01/zimbabwe.jamessturcke">http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/apr/01/zimbabwe.jamessturcke</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 31 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Mugabe%27s+party+wins+Zimbabwe+election&rft.atitle=the+Guardian&rft.date=1+april+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2005%2Fapr%2F01%2Fzimbabwe.jamessturcke&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Zimbabwe/2008-elections-and-aftermath">”Zimbabwe - 2008 elections and aftermath | Britannica”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.britannica.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Zimbabwe/2008-elections-and-aftermath">https://www.britannica.com/place/Zimbabwe/2008-elections-and-aftermath</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 31 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+-+2008+elections+and+aftermath+%7C+Britannica&rft.atitle=www.britannica.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FZimbabwe%2F2008-elections-and-aftermath&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=6828406">”Mnangagwa svärs in som ny president - Nyheter (Ekot)”</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Sveriges radio">Sveriges radio</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=6828406">http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=6828406</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 24 november 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Mnangagwa+sv%C3%A4rs+in+som+ny+president+-+Nyheter+%28Ekot%29&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%5B%5BSveriges+radio%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsverigesradio.se%2Fsida%2Fartikel.aspx%3Fprogramid%3D83%26artikel%3D6828406&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=6828629">”Historiskt ögonblick när Mnangagwa svors in - Nyheter (Ekot)”</a>. Sveriges radio<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=6828629">http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=6828629</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 24 november 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Historiskt+%C3%B6gonblick+n%C3%A4r+Mnangagwa+svors+in+-+Nyheter+%28Ekot%29&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Sveriges+radio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsverigesradio.se%2Fsida%2Fartikel.aspx%3Fprogramid%3D83%26artikel%3D6828629&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:18-28">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:18_28-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_28-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFAfricaNews">AfricaNews (27 januari 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanews.com/2022/01/27/zimbabwe-s-opposition-leader-optimistic-about-next-year-s-elections/">”Zimbabwe's opposition leader optimistic about next year's elections”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Africanews</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.africanews.com/2022/01/27/zimbabwe-s-opposition-leader-optimistic-about-next-year-s-elections/">https://www.africanews.com/2022/01/27/zimbabwe-s-opposition-leader-optimistic-about-next-year-s-elections/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 31 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe%27s+opposition+leader+optimistic+about+next+year%27s+elections&rft.atitle=Africanews&rft.aulast=AfricaNews&rft.au=AfricaNews&rft.date=27+januari+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2022%2F01%2F27%2Fzimbabwe-s-opposition-leader-optimistic-about-next-year-s-elections%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lakareutangranser.se/vad-vi-gor/har-arbetar-vi/zimbabwe">”Zimbabwe”</a>. <i><span>Läkare Utan Gränser</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://lakareutangranser.se/vad-vi-gor/har-arbetar-vi/zimbabwe">https://lakareutangranser.se/vad-vi-gor/har-arbetar-vi/zimbabwe</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 31 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe&rft.atitle=L%C3%A4kare+Utan+Gr%C3%A4nser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flakareutangranser.se%2Fvad-vi-gor%2Fhar-arbetar-vi%2Fzimbabwe&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-30">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:12_30-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_30-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFHemTjønneland2022-01-27">Hem, Mikal; Tjønneland, Elling (2022-01-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snl.no/Zimbabwe">”Zimbabwe”</a> (på norskt bokmål). <i>Store norske leksikon</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://snl.no/Zimbabwe">http://snl.no/Zimbabwe</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 30 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Zimbabwe&rft.jtitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.aulast=Hem&rft.aufirst=Mikal&rft.au=Hem%2C+Mikal&rft.au=Tj%C3%B8nneland%2C+Elling&rft.date=2022-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2FZimbabwe&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-31">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:11_31-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_31-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ui.se/landguiden/lander-och-omraden/afrika/zimbabwe/skriv-ut-alla-kapitel/">”Skriv ut alla kapitel”</a>. <i><span>www.ui.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ui.se/landguiden/lander-och-omraden/afrika/zimbabwe/skriv-ut-alla-kapitel/">https://www.ui.se/landguiden/lander-och-omraden/afrika/zimbabwe/skriv-ut-alla-kapitel/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 30 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Skriv+ut+alla+kapitel&rft.atitle=www.ui.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ui.se%2Flandguiden%2Flander-och-omraden%2Fafrika%2Fzimbabwe%2Fskriv-ut-alla-kapitel%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snl.no/Klima_i_Zimbabwe">”Klima i Zimbabwe”</a> (på norskt bokmål). <i>Store norske leksikon</i>. 2019-07-17<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://snl.no/Klima_i_Zimbabwe">http://snl.no/Klima_i_Zimbabwe</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 30 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Klima+i+Zimbabwe&rft.jtitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.date=2019-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2FKlima_i_Zimbabwe&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-33">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:0_33-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_33-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_33-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_33-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_33-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_33-5"><small>f</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/zimbabwe">”Zimbabwe - Uppslagsverk - NE.se”</a>. <i><span>www.ne.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/zimbabwe">https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/zimbabwe</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+-+Uppslagsverk+-+NE.se&rft.atitle=www.ne.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Fzimbabwe&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-34">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:10_34-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_34-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_34-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFBergTjønneland2022-01-22">Berg, Ole T.; Tjønneland, Elling (2022-01-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snl.no/Zimbabwes_politiske_system">”Zimbabwes politiske system”</a> (på norskt bokmål). <i>Store norske leksikon</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://snl.no/Zimbabwes_politiske_system">http://snl.no/Zimbabwes_politiske_system</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 30 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Zimbabwes+politiske+system&rft.jtitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Ole+T.&rft.au=Berg%2C+Ole+T.&rft.au=Tj%C3%B8nneland%2C+Elling&rft.date=2022-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2FZimbabwes_politiske_system&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svenska.yle.fi/artikel/2019/09/06/fran-frihetshjalte-till-hatad-diktator-sa-har-sag-robert-mugabes-liv-ut">”Från frihetshjälte till hatad diktator – så här såg Robert Mugabes liv ut”</a> (på svenska). <i><span>svenska.yle.fi</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://svenska.yle.fi/artikel/2019/09/06/fran-frihetshjalte-till-hatad-diktator-sa-har-sag-robert-mugabes-liv-ut">https://svenska.yle.fi/artikel/2019/09/06/fran-frihetshjalte-till-hatad-diktator-sa-har-sag-robert-mugabes-liv-ut</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 30 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Fr%C3%A5n+frihetshj%C3%A4lte+till+hatad+diktator+%E2%80%93+s%C3%A5+h%C3%A4r+s%C3%A5g+Robert+Mugabes+liv+ut&rft.atitle=svenska.yle.fi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsvenska.yle.fi%2Fartikel%2F2019%2F09%2F06%2Ffran-frihetshjalte-till-hatad-diktator-sa-har-sag-robert-mugabes-liv-ut&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFOECD,_UCLG">OECD, UCLG (Oktober 2016). <i><span>ZIMBABWE UNITARY COUNTRY</span></i>. OECD, UCLG.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ZIMBABWE+UNITARY+COUNTRY&rft.aulast=OECD%2C+UCLG&rft.au=OECD%2C+UCLG&rft.date=Oktober+2016&rft.pub=OECD%2C+UCLG&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAworldfactbook-37">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-5"><small>f</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-6"><small>g</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-7"><small>h</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-8"><small>i</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-9"><small>j</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-10"><small>k</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAworldfactbook_37-11"><small>l</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171122000328/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html">”Country: Zimbabwe”</a> (på engelska). <i><span><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></span></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. 14 november 2017. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html">originalet</a> den 22 november 2017<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171122000328/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20171122000328/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 november 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Country%3A+Zimbabwe&rft.atitle=%5B%5BThe+World+Factbook%5D%5D&rft.date=14+november+2017&rft.pub=%5B%5BCentral+Intelligence+Agency%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20171122000328%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fzi.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:24-38">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:24_38-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:24_38-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFJarslett2019-09-23">Jarslett, Yngve (2019-09-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snl.no/Zimbabwes_forsvar">”Zimbabwes forsvar”</a> (på norskt bokmål). <i>Store norske leksikon</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://snl.no/Zimbabwes_forsvar">http://snl.no/Zimbabwes_forsvar</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 24 februari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Zimbabwes+forsvar&rft.jtitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.aulast=Jarslett&rft.aufirst=Yngve&rft.au=Jarslett%2C+Yngve&rft.date=2019-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2FZimbabwes_forsvar&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-39">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:5_39-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_39-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070315194420/http://www.newschool.edu/cepa/papers/archive/cepa0121.pdf">”Wayback Machine”</a>. <i><span>web.archive.org</span></i>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newschool.edu/cepa/papers/archive/cepa0121.pdf">originalet</a> den 15 mars 2007<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070315194420/http://www.newschool.edu/cepa/papers/archive/cepa0121.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20070315194420/http://www.newschool.edu/cepa/papers/archive/cepa0121.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Wayback+Machine&rft.atitle=web.archive.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070315194420%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.newschool.edu%2Fcepa%2Fpapers%2Farchive%2Fcepa0121.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-40">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:6_40-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_40-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFPower2003">Power, Samantha (1 december 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2003/12/how-to-kill-a-country/302845/">”How To Kill A Country”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>The Atlantic</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2003/12/how-to-kill-a-country/302845/">https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2003/12/how-to-kill-a-country/302845/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=How+To+Kill+A+Country&rft.atitle=The+Atlantic&rft.aulast=Power&rft.aufirst=Samantha&rft.au=Power%2C+Samantha&rft.date=1+december+2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F2003%2F12%2Fhow-to-kill-a-country%2F302845%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930165021/http://hd.se/utrikes/2007/07/09/massgripanden-i-zimbabwe/">”Massgripanden i Zimbabwe”</a>. <i>HD</i>. 9 juli 2007. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hd.se/utrikes/2007/07/09/massgripanden-i-zimbabwe/">originalet</a> den 30 september 2007<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930165021/http://hd.se/utrikes/2007/07/09/massgripanden-i-zimbabwe/">https://web.archive.org/web/20070930165021/http://hd.se/utrikes/2007/07/09/massgripanden-i-zimbabwe/</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Massgripanden+i+Zimbabwe&rft.jtitle=HD&rft.date=9+juli+2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070930165021%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fhd.se%2Futrikes%2F2007%2F07%2F09%2Fmassgripanden-i-zimbabwe%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbz.co.zw/">Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050731075607/http://www.rbz.co.zw/">Arkiverad</a> 31 juli 2005 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080215151953/http://hd.se/utrikes/2008/02/14/zimbabwes-inflation-66-000-procent/">”Zimbabwes inflation: 66 000 procent”</a>. <i>HD</i>. 14 februari 2008. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hd.se/utrikes/2008/02/14/zimbabwes-inflation-66-000-procent/">originalet</a> den 15 februari 2008<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080215151953/http://hd.se/utrikes/2008/02/14/zimbabwes-inflation-66-000-procent/">https://web.archive.org/web/20080215151953/http://hd.se/utrikes/2008/02/14/zimbabwes-inflation-66-000-procent/</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Zimbabwes+inflation%3A+66+000+procent&rft.jtitle=HD&rft.date=14+februari+2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080215151953%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fhd.se%2Futrikes%2F2008%2F02%2F14%2Fzimbabwes-inflation-66-000-procent%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cato.org/zimbabwe">Zimbabwe Inflation</a> <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NGS-45">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-NGS_45-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NGS_45-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">National Geographic Sverige, 2013, nr 5, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/1502-3648" title="Special:Bokkällor/1502-3648">1502-3648</a>, sida 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news" id="CITEREFTT-Reuters2009">TT-Reuters (16 januari 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dn.se/nyheter/varlden/100-biljoner-ny-sedelvalor-i-zimbabwe">”100 biljoner - ny sedelvalör i Zimbabwe”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dagens_Nyheter" title="Dagens Nyheter">Dagens Nyheter</a></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.dn.se/nyheter/varlden/100-biljoner-ny-sedelvalor-i-zimbabwe">http://www.dn.se/nyheter/varlden/100-biljoner-ny-sedelvalor-i-zimbabwe</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 16 januari 2009</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=100+biljoner+-+ny+sedelval%C3%B6r+i+Zimbabwe&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BDagens+Nyheter%5D%5D&rft.aulast=TT-Reuters&rft.au=TT-Reuters&rft.date=16+januari+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dn.se%2Fnyheter%2Fvarlden%2F100-biljoner-ny-sedelvalor-i-zimbabwe&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/world/africa/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9475943">How to stay alive when it all runs out</a>, 2007-07-12. <i>The Economist</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7859033.stm">”Zimbabwe abandons its currency”</a> (på brittisk engelska). 29 januari 2009<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7859033.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7859033.stm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+abandons+its+currency&rft.atitle=&rft.date=29+januari+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F7859033.stm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150711031114/http://www.ft.com/fastft/344292/zimbabwe-ditches-its-all-but-worthless-currency">”Zimbabwe ditches its all but worthless currency - fastFT: Market-moving news and views, 24 hours a day - FT.com”</a>. <i><span>web.archive.org</span></i>. 11 juli 2015. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/fastft/344292/zimbabwe-ditches-its-all-but-worthless-currency">originalet</a> den 11 juli 2015<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150711031114/http://www.ft.com/fastft/344292/zimbabwe-ditches-its-all-but-worthless-currency">https://web.archive.org/web/20150711031114/http://www.ft.com/fastft/344292/zimbabwe-ditches-its-all-but-worthless-currency</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+ditches+its+all+but+worthless+currency+-+fastFT%3A+Market-moving+news+and+views%2C+24+hours+a+day+-+FT.com&rft.atitle=web.archive.org&rft.date=11+juli+2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20150711031114%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Ffastft%2F344292%2Fzimbabwe-ditches-its-all-but-worthless-currency&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFSguazzin">Sguazzin, Antony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news24.com/fin24/Economy/Africa/zims-dollar-returns-a-decade-after-it-became-worthless-20190624">”Zim's dollar returns, a decade after it became worthless”</a> (på amerikansk engelska). <i><span>Fin24</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.news24.com/fin24/Economy/Africa/zims-dollar-returns-a-decade-after-it-became-worthless-20190624">https://www.news24.com/fin24/Economy/Africa/zims-dollar-returns-a-decade-after-it-became-worthless-20190624</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zim%27s+dollar+returns%2C+a+decade+after+it+became+worthless&rft.atitle=Fin24&rft.aulast=Sguazzin&rft.aufirst=Antony&rft.au=Sguazzin%2C+Antony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2Ffin24%2FEconomy%2FAfrica%2Fzims-dollar-returns-a-decade-after-it-became-worthless-20190624&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wb-51">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-wb_51-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wb_51-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/zimbabwe/overview">”Overview”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>World Bank</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/zimbabwe/overview">https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/zimbabwe/overview</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Overview&rft.atitle=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbank.org%2Fen%2Fcountry%2Fzimbabwe%2Foverview&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-52"><a href="#cite_ref-:22_52-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080709012003/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html">”The World Factbook”</a> (på engelska). CIA. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html">originalet</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080709012003/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20080709012003/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 7 juli 2008</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080709012003%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fzi.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-53">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:3_53-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_53-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_53-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_53-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_53-4"><small>e</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/figur/textruta/zimbabwe-landsfakta-(1)">”Logga in på NE”</a>. <i><span>www.ne.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/figur/textruta/zimbabwe-landsfakta-(1)">https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/figur/textruta/zimbabwe-landsfakta-(1)</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Logga+in+p%C3%A5+NE&rft.atitle=www.ne.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Ffigur%2Ftextruta%2Fzimbabwe-landsfakta-%281%29&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:25-54">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:25_54-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_54-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_54-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_54-3"><small>d</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFLeraandTjønneland2022-01-24">Leraand, Dag; Tjønneland, Elling (2022-01-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snl.no/%C3%98konomi_og_n%C3%A6ringsliv_i_Zimbabwe">”Økonomi og næringsliv i Zimbabwe”</a> (på norskt bokmål). <i>Store norske leksikon</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://snl.no/%C3%98konomi_og_n%C3%A6ringsliv_i_Zimbabwe">http://snl.no/%C3%98konomi_og_n%C3%A6ringsliv_i_Zimbabwe</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 25 februari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%C3%98konomi+og+n%C3%A6ringsliv+i+Zimbabwe&rft.jtitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.aulast=Leraand&rft.aufirst=Dag&rft.au=Leraand%2C+Dag&rft.au=Tj%C3%B8nneland%2C+Elling&rft.date=2022-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2F%25C3%2598konomi_og_n%25C3%25A6ringsliv_i_Zimbabwe&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-55"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_55-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/zimbabwe">”Zimbabwe - Uppslagsverk - NE.se”</a>. <i><span>www.ne.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/zimbabwe">https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/zimbabwe</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+-+Uppslagsverk+-+NE.se&rft.atitle=www.ne.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Fzimbabwe&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:20-56">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:20_56-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:20_56-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/zimbabwe">”Zimbabwe - Uppslagsverk - NE.se”</a>. <i><span>www.ne.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/zimbabwe">https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/zimbabwe</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 24 februari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+-+Uppslagsverk+-+NE.se&rft.atitle=www.ne.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Fzimbabwe&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:21-57">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:21_57-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_57-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_57-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_57-3"><small>d</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Zimbabwe/Climate">”Zimbabwe - Climate | Britannica”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.britannica.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Zimbabwe/Climate">https://www.britannica.com/place/Zimbabwe/Climate</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 24 februari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+-+Climate+%7C+Britannica&rft.atitle=www.britannica.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FZimbabwe%2FClimate&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNDATAlist-58"><a href="#cite_ref-UNDATAlist_58-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=POP&f=tableCode%3a1%3bcountryCode%3a716%3bareaCode%3a0%3bsexCode%3a0&c=2,3,6,8,10,12,13,14&s=_countryEnglishNameOrderBy:asc,refYear:desc,areaCode:asc&v=1">”Population by sex and urban/rural residence”</a> (på engelska). <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6renta_nationerna" title="Förenta nationerna">Förenta nationerna</a>, United Nations Statistics Division<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=POP&f=tableCode%3a1%3bcountryCode%3a716%3bareaCode%3a0%3bsexCode%3a0&c=2,3,6,8,10,12,13,14&s=_countryEnglishNameOrderBy:asc,refYear:desc,areaCode:asc&v=1">http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=POP&f=tableCode%3a1%3bcountryCode%3a716%3bareaCode%3a0%3bsexCode%3a0&c=2,3,6,8,10,12,13,14&s=_countryEnglishNameOrderBy:asc,refYear:desc,areaCode:asc&v=1</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 november 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Population+by+sex+and+urban%2Frural+residence&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%5B%5BF%C3%B6renta+nationerna%5D%5D%2C+United+Nations+Statistics+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.un.org%2FData.aspx%3Fd%3DPOP%26f%3DtableCode%253a1%253bcountryCode%253a716%253bareaCode%253a0%253bsexCode%253a0%26c%3D2%2C3%2C6%2C8%2C10%2C12%2C13%2C14%26s%3D_countryEnglishNameOrderBy%3Aasc%2CrefYear%3Adesc%2CareaCode%3Aasc%26v%3D1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FN2016Pop-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FN2016Pop_59-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crname=Zimbabwe">”Country profile Zimbabwe”</a> (på engelska). <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6renta_nationerna" title="Förenta nationerna">Förenta nationerna</a>, United Nations Statistics Division, UNdata<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crname=Zimbabwe">http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crname=Zimbabwe</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 november 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Country+profile+Zimbabwe&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%5B%5BF%C3%B6renta+nationerna%5D%5D%2C+United+Nations+Statistics+Division%2C+UNdata&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.un.org%2FCountryProfile.aspx%3Fcrname%3DZimbabwe&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=ZW">”Population, total, data; Zimbabwe”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>World Bank Data</span></i>. <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rldsbanken" title="Världsbanken">Världsbanken</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=ZW">https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=ZW</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 november 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Population%2C+total%2C+data%3B+Zimbabwe&rft.atitle=World+Bank+Data&rft.pub=%5B%5BV%C3%A4rldsbanken%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.POP.TOTL%3Flocations%3DZW&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-61">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:1_61-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_61-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ui.se/landguiden/lander-och-omraden/afrika/zimbabwe/kultur/">”Zimbabwe – Kultur”</a>. <i><span>www.ui.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ui.se/landguiden/lander-och-omraden/afrika/zimbabwe/kultur/">https://www.ui.se/landguiden/lander-och-omraden/afrika/zimbabwe/kultur/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+%E2%80%93+Kultur&rft.atitle=www.ui.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ui.se%2Flandguiden%2Flander-och-omraden%2Fafrika%2Fzimbabwe%2Fkultur%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFRønning2020-10-30">Rønning, Helge (2020-10-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snl.no/Zimbabwes_litteratur">”Zimbabwes litteratur”</a> (på norskt bokmål). <i>Store norske leksikon</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://snl.no/Zimbabwes_litteratur">http://snl.no/Zimbabwes_litteratur</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 januari 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Zimbabwes+litteratur&rft.jtitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.aulast=R%C3%B8nning&rft.aufirst=Helge&rft.au=R%C3%B8nning%2C+Helge&rft.date=2020-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2FZimbabwes_litteratur&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zim.gov.zw/index.php/en/my-government/government-ministries/national-symbols/463-national-flag-of-zimbabwe">”National Flag of Zimbabwe”</a>. <i><span>www.zim.gov.zw</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.zim.gov.zw/index.php/en/my-government/government-ministries/national-symbols/463-national-flag-of-zimbabwe">http://www.zim.gov.zw/index.php/en/my-government/government-ministries/national-symbols/463-national-flag-of-zimbabwe</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 8 mars 2022</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=National+Flag+of+Zimbabwe&rft.atitle=www.zim.gov.zw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zim.gov.zw%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Fmy-government%2Fgovernment-ministries%2Fnational-symbols%2F463-national-flag-of-zimbabwe&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zimbabwe"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&veaction=edit&section=46" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe&action=edit&section=46" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/15px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/23px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/30px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Zimbabwe" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Zimbabwe">Kartor i Wikimedia Atlas relaterade till Zimbabwe</a><div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Zimbabwe" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Zimbabwe">Kartor</a></div></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output 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distrikt">Lesotho</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Liberias_countyn" title="Liberias countyn">Liberia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Libyens_distrikt" title="Libyens distrikt">Libyen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Madagaskars_provinser" title="Madagaskars provinser">Madagaskar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Malawis_administrativa_indelning" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawis administrativa indelning">Malawi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Malis_regioner" title="Malis regioner">Mali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marockos_regioner" title="Marockos regioner">Marocko</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mauretaniens_regioner" title="Mauretaniens regioner">Mauretanien</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius_distrikt" title="Mauritius distrikt">Mauritius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambiques_provinser" title="Moçambiques provinser">Mozambique</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Namibias_regioner" title="Namibias regioner">Namibia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nigers_regioner" title="Nigers regioner">Niger</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nigerias_delstater" title="Nigerias delstater">Nigeria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rwandas_provinser" title="Rwandas provinser">Rwanda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_och_Pr%C3%ADncipes_administrativa_indelning" class="mw-redirect" title="São Tomé och Príncipes administrativa indelning">São Tomé och Príncipe</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Senegals_regioner" title="Senegals regioner">Senegal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Seychellernas_distrikt" title="Seychellernas distrikt">Seychellerna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leones_provinser" title="Sierra Leones provinser">Sierra Leone</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Somalias_regioner" title="Somalias regioner">Somalia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i><a href="/wiki/Somalilands_regioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalilands regioner">Somaliland</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sudans_delstater" title="Sudans delstater">Sudan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Swazilands_distrikt" title="Swazilands distrikt">Swaziland</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sydafrikas_provinser" title="Sydafrikas provinser">Sydafrika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sydsudans_delstater" title="Sydsudans delstater">Sydsudan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tanzanias_administrativa_indelning" title="Tanzanias administrativa indelning">Tanzania</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tchads_regioner" title="Tchads regioner">Tchad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Togos_regioner" title="Togos regioner">Togo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tunisiens_guvernement" title="Tunisiens guvernement">Tunisien</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ugandas_distrikt" title="Ugandas distrikt">Uganda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zambias_provinser" title="Zambias provinser">Zambia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwes_provinser" title="Zimbabwes provinser">Zimbabwe</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><small><sup>1</sup>  Vissa länder ligger i mer än en kontinent.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Navigeringsmallar_Zimbabwe" title="Mall:Navigeringsmallar Zimbabwe"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Navigeringsmallar_Zimbabwe&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;">Länkar till relaterade artiklar</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#FFEFD5;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Afrika" title="Mall:Afrika"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Afrika&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Algeriet" title="Algeriet">Algeriet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Centralafrikanska_republiken" title="Centralafrikanska republiken">Centralafrikanska republiken</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Egypten" title="Egypten">Egypten</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ekvatorialguinea" title="Ekvatorialguinea">Ekvatorialguinea</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Elfenbenskusten" title="Elfenbenskusten">Elfenbenskusten</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Etiopien" title="Etiopien">Etiopien</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde">Kap Verde</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Komorerna" title="Komorerna">Komorerna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kongo-Brazzaville" title="Kongo-Brazzaville">Republiken Kongo (Brazzaville)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kongo-Kinshasa" title="Kongo-Kinshasa">Demokratiska republiken Kongo (Kinshasa)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Libyen" title="Libyen">Libyen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marocko" title="Marocko">Marocko</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mauretanien" title="Mauretanien">Mauretanien</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambique" title="Moçambique">Moçambique</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_och_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé och Príncipe">São Tomé och Príncipe</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Seychellerna" title="Seychellerna">Seychellerna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Swaziland" title="Swaziland">Swaziland</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sydafrika" title="Sydafrika">Sydafrika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sydsudan" title="Sydsudan">Sydsudan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad">Tchad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tunisien" title="Tunisien">Tunisien</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zimbabwe</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Särskilda områden: <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanarie%C3%B6arna" title="Kanarieöarna">Kanarieöarna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien">Spanien</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sankta_Helena,_Ascension_och_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Sankta Helena, Ascension och Tristan da Cunha">Sankta Helena</a> (<a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> (Tanzania)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4stsahara" title="Västsahara">Västsahara</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Afrikanska_unionen" title="Mall:Afrikanska unionen"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Afrikanska_unionen&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Afrikanska_unionen" title="Afrikanska unionen">Afrikanska unionen (AU)</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Algeriet" title="Algeriet">Algeriet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Centralafrikanska_republiken" title="Centralafrikanska republiken">Centralafrikanska republiken</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Egypten" title="Egypten">Egypten</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ekvatorialguinea" title="Ekvatorialguinea">Ekvatorialguinea</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Elfenbenskusten" title="Elfenbenskusten">Elfenbenskusten</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Etiopien" title="Etiopien">Etiopien</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde">Kap Verde</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Komorerna" title="Komorerna">Komorerna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kongo-Brazzaville" title="Kongo-Brazzaville">Kongo-Brazzaville</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kongo-Kinshasa" title="Kongo-Kinshasa">Kongo-Kinshasa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Libyen" title="Libyen">Libyen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marocko" title="Marocko">Marocko</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mauretanien" title="Mauretanien">Mauretanien</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambique" title="Moçambique">Moçambique</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_och_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé och Príncipe">São Tomé och Príncipe</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sahariska_arabiska_demokratiska_republiken" title="Sahariska arabiska demokratiska republiken">Sahariska arabiska demokratiska republiken</a> (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4stsahara" title="Västsahara">Västsahara</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Seychellerna" title="Seychellerna">Seychellerna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Swaziland" title="Swaziland">Swaziland</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sydafrika" title="Sydafrika">Sydafrika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad">Tchad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tunisien" title="Tunisien">Tunisien</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zimbabwe</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80089993">WorldCat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/128940544">128940544</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80089993">n80089993</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/0000000122856828">0000 0001 2285 6828</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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