CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><script async="" src="https://ga.jspm.io/npm:es-module-shims@1.10.0/dist/es-module-shims.js"></script><script type="importmap" data-turbo-track="reload">{ "imports": { "application": "/assets/application-fe0fbdd14241aa7361c81722892327189b9083d1a4ea75cdc9ecafbeb59ab819.js", "@hotwired/turbo-rails": "/assets/turbo.min-918a6cf2f2be8ed9555c9a11eee69c7dc2f01770802815576efc931876b327fb.js", "@hotwired/stimulus": "/assets/stimulus.min-dd364f16ec9504dfb72672295637a1c8838773b01c0b441bd41008124c407894.js", "@hotwired/stimulus-loading": "/assets/stimulus-loading-3576ce92b149ad5d6959438c6f291e2426c86df3b874c525b30faad51b0d96b3.js", "stripe": "https://js.stripe.com/v3/", "jquery": "https://ga.jspm.io/npm:jquery@3.7.0/dist/jquery.js", "parsleyjs": "https://ga.jspm.io/npm:parsleyjs@2.9.2/dist/parsley.js", "dropcap.js": "https://ga.jspm.io/npm:dropcap.js@1.0.1/dropcap.js", "foundation-sites": "/assets/foundation-sites-7310dc6470bc992009222f334d26583ebe72bd9d436799b421479467efb1a911.js", "lodash": "https://ga.jspm.io/npm:lodash@4.17.21/lodash.js", "select2": "https://ga.jspm.io/npm:select2@4.1.0-rc.0/dist/js/select2.js", "sortable": "https://ga.jspm.io/npm:sortablejs@1.15.0/modular/sortable.esm.js", "chart.js": "https://ga.jspm.io/npm:chart.js@4.2.0/dist/chart.js", "@kurkle/color": "https://ga.jspm.io/npm:@kurkle/color@0.3.2/dist/color.esm.js", "chartkick": "https://ga.jspm.io/npm:chartkick@5.0.1/dist/chartkick.esm.js", "webfont": "https://ga.jspm.io/npm:webfontloader@1.6.28/webfontloader.js", "@rails/actioncable": "/assets/actioncable.esm-06609b0ecaffe2ab952021b9c8df8b6c68f65fc23bee728fc678a2605e1ce132.js", "simplelightbox": "https://ga.jspm.io/npm:simplelightbox@2.14.1/dist/simple-lightbox.modules.js", "controllers/admin/accounts/subscription/gift_controller": "/assets/controllers/admin/accounts/subscription/gift_controller-3b4b56969d106b9d1c0f0a38f1c6e62ffe328938884e87abe4f149c1eaea3a69.js", "controllers/admin/accounts/subscriptions_controller": "/assets/controllers/admin/accounts/subscriptions_controller-fddb19356cbf5d6038876ab9cc36160e174fb780c05aa8b6fd844cea3715cc02.js", "controllers/admin/republication_permissions_form_controller": "/assets/controllers/admin/republication_permissions_form_controller-c0ab8c5c832e86ec72a755454d6207e588a82b7d3878d26018ed603bdfbd1e68.js", "controllers/admin/republication_permissions_index_controller": "/assets/controllers/admin/republication_permissions_index_controller-5a3b869247d534dc542dcba547d077dfc7d3bd0be257d86ee861435d645096b6.js", "controllers/application": "/assets/controllers/application-63f22ce6291b2c336b75954c09c8cd9ea9eb031e3204088e4035fcb63140d74a.js", "controllers/articles_controller": "/assets/controllers/articles_controller-8e47d301bccdc1856f315def5bdcdbaffd283b0f32bf9db5ca41877f37bd4cb2.js", "controllers/autocomplete_controller": "/assets/controllers/autocomplete_controller-90106809a7ea05b8f877cd6db5d24718f0463bbaac1c40a39ebe66e9136a1ad1.js", "controllers/blog/export_controller": "/assets/controllers/blog/export_controller-c3818bd5afb25bf35694bd455933ea3b970766c56a2a49c0cd849f189a8f2135.js", "controllers/blog/posts_controller": "/assets/controllers/blog/posts_controller-67e764b24edbbcb285ac433f914993da1588dd08488b0859d5a191f61eefdb5e.js", "controllers/carousel_controller": "/assets/controllers/carousel_controller-803a8e71bbc3ce81e9b46bf948f5bb8a150e52bee9b45790922136a32ea1e119.js", "controllers/colour_input_controller": "/assets/controllers/colour_input_controller-67cd09eba0db7fa123148ce18db1e7c8bda4315018593e4a1d05b7e216ce83fe.js", "controllers/donations_controller": "/assets/controllers/donations_controller-f10b11d87a3cdfc30735a054be54b1d35f322aa0e4a1f15666a59984ef12901f.js", "controllers/file_input_controller": "/assets/controllers/file_input_controller-43b84ef005287547880f63c97003616d9a8157292508efe8fb6f28a4b1c07857.js", "controllers/foundation_controller": "/assets/controllers/foundation_controller-4c4e844e93411eb0d11c79708cf3b372502775a8063c9dae6c2e0b9e800b33fd.js", "controllers": "/assets/controllers/index-4c24b382dd25b508bb71b6832c879db5d24ad450f8546d87f4860c63610689ac.js", "controllers/lightbox_controller": "/assets/controllers/lightbox_controller-32481e0e4b442415a12a23b9e22555a8fb66eae554b47dd74eb7cdcc11fc4eae.js", "controllers/lookup_controller": "/assets/controllers/lookup_controller-6936a993e2ebf7abec820ddb07c5b01423c561f1a43e4c1f061429d3a4a7c16e.js", "controllers/parsley_controller": "/assets/controllers/parsley_controller-ed69cace8c3ae4710f6f1bf40c9545ac8eb5c3bda02a07689cef148a0bd670c2.js", "controllers/payment_monitor_controller": "/assets/controllers/payment_monitor_controller-f97e94cdc70f60676af3a78033f980ad34ebbe851732af9e9a0215f695381d88.js", "controllers/price_controller": "/assets/controllers/price_controller-4212732a33e7ead790bca190b6d7a148e72ad6905ec066231fd6395573559d98.js", "controllers/quick_searches_controller": "/assets/controllers/quick_searches_controller-8fd6f4dead6e19f2a4f2116999377fce637458f0b1ceddfa8589d2a8dc778a9e.js", "controllers/search_and_add_controller": "/assets/controllers/search_and_add_controller-252551d0609ce17e9f16a39315a515ecab88efd85ceabec478046da8dd89e0c6.js", "controllers/searches_controller": "/assets/controllers/searches_controller-b5ef9d52f183012a9d04a6d25ca90a5dacacb7da5b8133c31b8edda4575f95e4.js", "controllers/sortable_controller": "/assets/controllers/sortable_controller-7cc2e5fa0e0b8ae0852bcfce5b0572b236d8c0ed54995b9c708d3be267c5ca66.js", "controllers/stripe_controller": "/assets/controllers/stripe_controller-ccc0cdf9ea3204001f158798053eff9b049a5293561be6058152b5c71a4d00a3.js", "controllers/subscription/gift_controller": "/assets/controllers/subscription/gift_controller-a558a273a277188026ec3e56df1e7625e4ab15b4ead2b938fdb37eebad2d62ec.js", "controllers/subscription": "/assets/controllers/subscription/index-04024382391bb910584145d8113cf35ef376b55d125bb4516cebeb14ce788597.js", "controllers/subscription/plan_controller": "/assets/controllers/subscription/plan_controller-e49f2b7c638831d1ecd40c4f7aa6228cd0e88a7c228027d809722b32ecd6a012.js", "controllers/subscription/priority_mail_controller": "/assets/controllers/subscription/priority_mail_controller-3d4fe6341aa018107a00d734da0b48dc9b398574751eca06be60b42692131432.js", "controllers/subscription/student_controller": "/assets/controllers/subscription/student_controller-28c1668701074e921763eea4c04acc48ecb00bf1cd0b562b7c1c24bbeffcb698.js", "controllers/subscriptions_controller": "/assets/controllers/subscriptions_controller-bd30b36480b250bfdf7555d271857a5e0f50e8b0ec3e34d69672437b52d90670.js", "controllers/toggle_controller": "/assets/controllers/toggle_controller-01bb4089a2baf06513eca47090bd4ca5567cc4432db636ed3f54091095cfcad1.js", "constants": "/assets/constants/index-e3f2b29368d3ce5b540adf8aef816802c7a9fa0836d6b93c92326ef2ab60fa40.js", "view_models/countries": "/assets/view_models/countries-742ea74854f2f9adce842ee893289833a3cded393d3ad420b14e3898e552d6f7.js", "view_models/customer": "/assets/view_models/customer-44cba2b999465f3786479e64c1fca24668224691be6a949ef1a81af5faf08f12.js", "view_models": "/assets/view_models/index-04024382391bb910584145d8113cf35ef376b55d125bb4516cebeb14ce788597.js", "view_models/subscription_plans": "/assets/view_models/subscription_plans-8df1e121bb83c7c51adbbef76e982beececb48c458cfc765bb2d5a59bc32a496.js", "lib/api": "/assets/lib/api-05a9d87f9cc2fd30cc16a5f164a0fa3ae0ae1f6fd7a9de22627c65866b3ff241.js", "lib/collection_validator": "/assets/lib/collection_validator-c7efdd42b528fe73895a4c3144377387ac63c099c6a5853cb33fa7a13660f86b.js", "lib/formy": "/assets/lib/formy-82b9095e09e2f71861d2e6ec23713c0634b7225f306e1cc1f0377c61a6606162.js", "lib/hacks": "/assets/lib/hacks-d126d6be25ef0cf537f15fc604e68fe5e37dc93ca488801ddc7bde8346d8a3f6.js", "lib": "/assets/lib/index-713e037c4a3cc3b05f4898435c6d4ed08a957cbb7672ff42b2ac719f059742bb.js", "lib/label_parser": "/assets/lib/label_parser-a3b4715f63a20c8ecd8d2bb45e7a3543b4a2cbfc16804668beb9c5b705de33bc.js", "lib/republication_price_calculators": "/assets/lib/republication_price_calculators-f572a0cee2e75334d4d8c7dfa7646a4bdab8d7d0f51e5327f05c2bba73f40274.js", "lib/republication_property_select": "/assets/lib/republication_property_select-94781da66b56372879b3b69c4f2a22887d98ed414b2fd10effdfccc29182fe0e.js", "lib/select2_factory": "/assets/lib/select2_factory-8dfcb994653d678495e104fbaa3ef8dde705cbf20896dd4b513899f349b47725.js", "lib/util": "/assets/lib/util-ccb8cec2071811b8ae9c42894a9beb0f9435883dbc98f3d70dae1debf9d5c5aa.js", "channels/consumer": "/assets/channels/consumer-a81831895c5e410f6e17da457b495390176082e6cd70628a893e7f4dfc09fdc0.js", "channels": "/assets/channels/index-2983a1503d73f62703fe53d06f8d3b4d6829d995276142c70e1a4acf1ab7e65a.js", "channels/payment_monitor_channel": "/assets/channels/payment_monitor_channel-abc85bf8040a59087c7c69df1660c2e606fde447d4b8ba6533039db7e218fdb6.js" } }</script> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/application-fe0fbdd14241aa7361c81722892327189b9083d1a4ea75cdc9ecafbeb59ab819.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/turbo.min-918a6cf2f2be8ed9555c9a11eee69c7dc2f01770802815576efc931876b327fb.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/stimulus.min-dd364f16ec9504dfb72672295637a1c8838773b01c0b441bd41008124c407894.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/stimulus-loading-3576ce92b149ad5d6959438c6f291e2426c86df3b874c525b30faad51b0d96b3.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="https://js.stripe.com/v3/"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="https://ga.jspm.io/npm:jquery@3.7.0/dist/jquery.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="https://ga.jspm.io/npm:parsleyjs@2.9.2/dist/parsley.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="https://ga.jspm.io/npm:dropcap.js@1.0.1/dropcap.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/foundation-sites-7310dc6470bc992009222f334d26583ebe72bd9d436799b421479467efb1a911.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="https://ga.jspm.io/npm:lodash@4.17.21/lodash.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="https://ga.jspm.io/npm:select2@4.1.0-rc.0/dist/js/select2.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="https://ga.jspm.io/npm:sortablejs@1.15.0/modular/sortable.esm.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="https://ga.jspm.io/npm:chart.js@4.2.0/dist/chart.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="https://ga.jspm.io/npm:@kurkle/color@0.3.2/dist/color.esm.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="https://ga.jspm.io/npm:chartkick@5.0.1/dist/chartkick.esm.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="https://ga.jspm.io/npm:webfontloader@1.6.28/webfontloader.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/actioncable.esm-06609b0ecaffe2ab952021b9c8df8b6c68f65fc23bee728fc678a2605e1ce132.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="https://ga.jspm.io/npm:simplelightbox@2.14.1/dist/simple-lightbox.modules.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/admin/accounts/subscription/gift_controller-3b4b56969d106b9d1c0f0a38f1c6e62ffe328938884e87abe4f149c1eaea3a69.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/admin/accounts/subscriptions_controller-fddb19356cbf5d6038876ab9cc36160e174fb780c05aa8b6fd844cea3715cc02.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/admin/republication_permissions_form_controller-c0ab8c5c832e86ec72a755454d6207e588a82b7d3878d26018ed603bdfbd1e68.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/admin/republication_permissions_index_controller-5a3b869247d534dc542dcba547d077dfc7d3bd0be257d86ee861435d645096b6.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/application-63f22ce6291b2c336b75954c09c8cd9ea9eb031e3204088e4035fcb63140d74a.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/articles_controller-8e47d301bccdc1856f315def5bdcdbaffd283b0f32bf9db5ca41877f37bd4cb2.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/autocomplete_controller-90106809a7ea05b8f877cd6db5d24718f0463bbaac1c40a39ebe66e9136a1ad1.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/blog/export_controller-c3818bd5afb25bf35694bd455933ea3b970766c56a2a49c0cd849f189a8f2135.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/blog/posts_controller-67e764b24edbbcb285ac433f914993da1588dd08488b0859d5a191f61eefdb5e.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/carousel_controller-803a8e71bbc3ce81e9b46bf948f5bb8a150e52bee9b45790922136a32ea1e119.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/colour_input_controller-67cd09eba0db7fa123148ce18db1e7c8bda4315018593e4a1d05b7e216ce83fe.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/donations_controller-f10b11d87a3cdfc30735a054be54b1d35f322aa0e4a1f15666a59984ef12901f.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/file_input_controller-43b84ef005287547880f63c97003616d9a8157292508efe8fb6f28a4b1c07857.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/foundation_controller-4c4e844e93411eb0d11c79708cf3b372502775a8063c9dae6c2e0b9e800b33fd.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/index-4c24b382dd25b508bb71b6832c879db5d24ad450f8546d87f4860c63610689ac.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/lightbox_controller-32481e0e4b442415a12a23b9e22555a8fb66eae554b47dd74eb7cdcc11fc4eae.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/lookup_controller-6936a993e2ebf7abec820ddb07c5b01423c561f1a43e4c1f061429d3a4a7c16e.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/parsley_controller-ed69cace8c3ae4710f6f1bf40c9545ac8eb5c3bda02a07689cef148a0bd670c2.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/payment_monitor_controller-f97e94cdc70f60676af3a78033f980ad34ebbe851732af9e9a0215f695381d88.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/price_controller-4212732a33e7ead790bca190b6d7a148e72ad6905ec066231fd6395573559d98.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/quick_searches_controller-8fd6f4dead6e19f2a4f2116999377fce637458f0b1ceddfa8589d2a8dc778a9e.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/search_and_add_controller-252551d0609ce17e9f16a39315a515ecab88efd85ceabec478046da8dd89e0c6.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/searches_controller-b5ef9d52f183012a9d04a6d25ca90a5dacacb7da5b8133c31b8edda4575f95e4.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/sortable_controller-7cc2e5fa0e0b8ae0852bcfce5b0572b236d8c0ed54995b9c708d3be267c5ca66.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/stripe_controller-ccc0cdf9ea3204001f158798053eff9b049a5293561be6058152b5c71a4d00a3.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/subscription/gift_controller-a558a273a277188026ec3e56df1e7625e4ab15b4ead2b938fdb37eebad2d62ec.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/subscription/index-04024382391bb910584145d8113cf35ef376b55d125bb4516cebeb14ce788597.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/subscription/plan_controller-e49f2b7c638831d1ecd40c4f7aa6228cd0e88a7c228027d809722b32ecd6a012.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/subscription/priority_mail_controller-3d4fe6341aa018107a00d734da0b48dc9b398574751eca06be60b42692131432.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/subscription/student_controller-28c1668701074e921763eea4c04acc48ecb00bf1cd0b562b7c1c24bbeffcb698.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/subscriptions_controller-bd30b36480b250bfdf7555d271857a5e0f50e8b0ec3e34d69672437b52d90670.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/controllers/toggle_controller-01bb4089a2baf06513eca47090bd4ca5567cc4432db636ed3f54091095cfcad1.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/constants/index-e3f2b29368d3ce5b540adf8aef816802c7a9fa0836d6b93c92326ef2ab60fa40.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/view_models/countries-742ea74854f2f9adce842ee893289833a3cded393d3ad420b14e3898e552d6f7.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/view_models/customer-44cba2b999465f3786479e64c1fca24668224691be6a949ef1a81af5faf08f12.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/view_models/index-04024382391bb910584145d8113cf35ef376b55d125bb4516cebeb14ce788597.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/view_models/subscription_plans-8df1e121bb83c7c51adbbef76e982beececb48c458cfc765bb2d5a59bc32a496.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/lib/api-05a9d87f9cc2fd30cc16a5f164a0fa3ae0ae1f6fd7a9de22627c65866b3ff241.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/lib/collection_validator-c7efdd42b528fe73895a4c3144377387ac63c099c6a5853cb33fa7a13660f86b.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/lib/formy-82b9095e09e2f71861d2e6ec23713c0634b7225f306e1cc1f0377c61a6606162.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/lib/hacks-d126d6be25ef0cf537f15fc604e68fe5e37dc93ca488801ddc7bde8346d8a3f6.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/lib/index-713e037c4a3cc3b05f4898435c6d4ed08a957cbb7672ff42b2ac719f059742bb.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/lib/label_parser-a3b4715f63a20c8ecd8d2bb45e7a3543b4a2cbfc16804668beb9c5b705de33bc.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/lib/republication_price_calculators-f572a0cee2e75334d4d8c7dfa7646a4bdab8d7d0f51e5327f05c2bba73f40274.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/lib/republication_property_select-94781da66b56372879b3b69c4f2a22887d98ed414b2fd10effdfccc29182fe0e.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/lib/select2_factory-8dfcb994653d678495e104fbaa3ef8dde705cbf20896dd4b513899f349b47725.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/lib/util-ccb8cec2071811b8ae9c42894a9beb0f9435883dbc98f3d70dae1debf9d5c5aa.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/channels/consumer-a81831895c5e410f6e17da457b495390176082e6cd70628a893e7f4dfc09fdc0.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/channels/index-2983a1503d73f62703fe53d06f8d3b4d6829d995276142c70e1a4acf1ab7e65a.js"> <link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/channels/payment_monitor_channel-abc85bf8040a59087c7c69df1660c2e606fde447d4b8ba6533039db7e218fdb6.js"> <script type="module">import "application"</script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-KF8XF989Q2"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-KF8XF989Q2'); </script> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script>var _rollbarConfig = {"accessToken":"e41bb2b581fb4cacbd6ee146e266b0e2","captureUncaught":true,"captureUnhandledRejections":true,"payload":{"environment":"production","person":{"id":null,"username":null,"email":null}}};</script> <script>!function(r){var e={};function o(n){if(e[n])return e[n].exports;var t=e[n]={i:n,l:!1,exports:{}};return r[n].call(t.exports,t,t.exports,o),t.l=!0,t.exports}o.m=r,o.c=e,o.d=function(r,e,n){o.o(r,e)||Object.defineProperty(r,e,{enumerable:!0,get:n})},o.r=function(r){"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(r,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(r,"__esModule",{value:!0})},o.t=function(r,e){if(1&e&&(r=o(r)),8&e)return r;if(4&e&&"object"==typeof r&&r&&r.__esModule)return r;var n=Object.create(null);if(o.r(n),Object.defineProperty(n,"default",{enumerable:!0,value:r}),2&e&&"string"!=typeof r)for(var t in r)o.d(n,t,function(e){return r[e]}.bind(null,t));return n},o.n=function(r){var e=r&&r.__esModule?function(){return r.default}:function(){return r};return o.d(e,"a",e),e},o.o=function(r,e){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(r,e)},o.p="",o(o.s=0)}([function(r,e,o){"use strict";var n=o(1),t=o(5);_rollbarConfig=_rollbarConfig||{},_rollbarConfig.rollbarJsUrl=_rollbarConfig.rollbarJsUrl||"https://cdn.rollbar.com/rollbarjs/refs/tags/v2.26.1/rollbar.min.js",_rollbarConfig.async=void 0===_rollbarConfig.async||_rollbarConfig.async;var a=n.setupShim(window,_rollbarConfig),l=t(_rollbarConfig);window.rollbar=n.Rollbar,a.loadFull(window,document,!_rollbarConfig.async,_rollbarConfig,l)},function(r,e,o){"use strict";var n=o(2),t=o(3);function a(r){return function(){try{return r.apply(this,arguments)}catch(r){try{console.error("[Rollbar]: Internal error",r)}catch(r){}}}}var l=0;function i(r,e){this.options=r,this._rollbarOldOnError=null;var o=l++;this.shimId=function(){return o},"undefined"!=typeof window&&window._rollbarShims&&(window._rollbarShims[o]={handler:e,messages:[]})}var s=o(4),d=function(r,e){return new i(r,e)},c=function(r){return new s(d,r)};function u(r){return a((function(){var e=this,o=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,0),n={shim:e,method:r,args:o,ts:new Date};window._rollbarShims[this.shimId()].messages.push(n)}))}i.prototype.loadFull=function(r,e,o,n,t){var l=!1,i=e.createElement("script"),s=e.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],d=s.parentNode;i.crossOrigin="",i.src=n.rollbarJsUrl,o||(i.async=!0),i.onload=i.onreadystatechange=a((function(){if(!(l||this.readyState&&"loaded"!==this.readyState&&"complete"!==this.readyState)){i.onload=i.onreadystatechange=null;try{d.removeChild(i)}catch(r){}l=!0,function(){var e;if(void 0===r._rollbarDidLoad){e=new Error("rollbar.js did not load");for(var o,n,a,l,i=0;o=r._rollbarShims[i++];)for(o=o.messages||[];n=o.shift();)for(a=n.args||[],i=0;i<a.length;++i)if("function"==typeof(l=a[i])){l(e);break}}"function"==typeof t&&t(e)}()}})),d.insertBefore(i,s)},i.prototype.wrap=function(r,e,o){try{var n;if(n="function"==typeof e?e:function(){return e||{}},"function"!=typeof r)return r;if(r._isWrap)return r;if(!r._rollbar_wrapped&&(r._rollbar_wrapped=function(){o&&"function"==typeof o&&o.apply(this,arguments);try{return r.apply(this,arguments)}catch(o){var e=o;throw e&&("string"==typeof e&&(e=new String(e)),e._rollbarContext=n()||{},e._rollbarContext._wrappedSource=r.toString(),window._rollbarWrappedError=e),e}},r._rollbar_wrapped._isWrap=!0,r.hasOwnProperty))for(var t in r)r.hasOwnProperty(t)&&(r._rollbar_wrapped[t]=r[t]);return r._rollbar_wrapped}catch(e){return r}};for(var p="log,debug,info,warn,warning,error,critical,global,configure,handleUncaughtException,handleAnonymousErrors,handleUnhandledRejection,captureEvent,captureDomContentLoaded,captureLoad".split(","),f=0;f<p.length;++f)i.prototype[p[f]]=u(p[f]);r.exports={setupShim:function(r,e){if(r){var o=e.globalAlias||"Rollbar";if("object"==typeof r[o])return r[o];r._rollbarShims={},r._rollbarWrappedError=null;var l=new c(e);return a((function(){e.captureUncaught&&(l._rollbarOldOnError=r.onerror,n.captureUncaughtExceptions(r,l,!0),e.wrapGlobalEventHandlers&&t(r,l,!0)),e.captureUnhandledRejections&&n.captureUnhandledRejections(r,l,!0);var a=e.autoInstrument;return!1!==e.enabled&&(void 0===a||!0===a||function(r){return!("object"!=typeof r||void 0!==r.page&&!r.page)}(a))&&r.addEventListener&&(r.addEventListener("load",l.captureLoad.bind(l)),r.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",l.captureDomContentLoaded.bind(l))),r[o]=l,l}))()}},Rollbar:c}},function(r,e,o){"use strict";function n(r,e,o,n){r._rollbarWrappedError&&(n[4]||(n[4]=r._rollbarWrappedError),n[5]||(n[5]=r._rollbarWrappedError._rollbarContext),r._rollbarWrappedError=null);var t=e.handleUncaughtException.apply(e,n);o&&o.apply(r,n),"anonymous"===t&&(e.anonymousErrorsPending+=1)}r.exports={captureUncaughtExceptions:function(r,e,o){if(r){var t;if("function"==typeof e._rollbarOldOnError)t=e._rollbarOldOnError;else if(r.onerror){for(t=r.onerror;t._rollbarOldOnError;)t=t._rollbarOldOnError;e._rollbarOldOnError=t}e.handleAnonymousErrors();var a=function(){var o=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,0);n(r,e,t,o)};o&&(a._rollbarOldOnError=t),r.onerror=a}},captureUnhandledRejections:function(r,e,o){if(r){"function"==typeof r._rollbarURH&&r._rollbarURH.belongsToShim&&r.removeEventListener("unhandledrejection",r._rollbarURH);var n=function(r){var o,n,t;try{o=r.reason}catch(r){o=void 0}try{n=r.promise}catch(r){n="[unhandledrejection] error getting `promise` from event"}try{t=r.detail,!o&&t&&(o=t.reason,n=t.promise)}catch(r){}o||(o="[unhandledrejection] error getting `reason` from event"),e&&e.handleUnhandledRejection&&e.handleUnhandledRejection(o,n)};n.belongsToShim=o,r._rollbarURH=n,r.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",n)}}}},function(r,e,o){"use strict";function n(r,e,o){if(e.hasOwnProperty&&e.hasOwnProperty("addEventListener")){for(var n=e.addEventListener;n._rollbarOldAdd&&n.belongsToShim;)n=n._rollbarOldAdd;var t=function(e,o,t){n.call(this,e,r.wrap(o),t)};t._rollbarOldAdd=n,t.belongsToShim=o,e.addEventListener=t;for(var a=e.removeEventListener;a._rollbarOldRemove&&a.belongsToShim;)a=a._rollbarOldRemove;var l=function(r,e,o){a.call(this,r,e&&e._rollbar_wrapped||e,o)};l._rollbarOldRemove=a,l.belongsToShim=o,e.removeEventListener=l}}r.exports=function(r,e,o){if(r){var t,a,l="EventTarget,Window,Node,ApplicationCache,AudioTrackList,ChannelMergerNode,CryptoOperation,EventSource,FileReader,HTMLUnknownElement,IDBDatabase,IDBRequest,IDBTransaction,KeyOperation,MediaController,MessagePort,ModalWindow,Notification,SVGElementInstance,Screen,TextTrack,TextTrackCue,TextTrackList,WebSocket,WebSocketWorker,Worker,XMLHttpRequest,XMLHttpRequestEventTarget,XMLHttpRequestUpload".split(",");for(t=0;t<l.length;++t)r[a=l[t]]&&r[a].prototype&&n(e,r[a].prototype,o)}}},function(r,e,o){"use strict";function n(r,e){this.impl=r(e,this),this.options=e,function(r){for(var e=function(r){return function(){var e=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,0);if(this.impl[r])return this.impl[r].apply(this.impl,e)}},o="log,debug,info,warn,warning,error,critical,global,configure,handleUncaughtException,handleAnonymousErrors,handleUnhandledRejection,_createItem,wrap,loadFull,shimId,captureEvent,captureDomContentLoaded,captureLoad".split(","),n=0;n<o.length;n++)r[o[n]]=e(o[n])}(n.prototype)}n.prototype._swapAndProcessMessages=function(r,e){var o,n,t;for(this.impl=r(this.options);o=e.shift();)n=o.method,t=o.args,this[n]&&"function"==typeof this[n]&&("captureDomContentLoaded"===n||"captureLoad"===n?this[n].apply(this,[t[0],o.ts]):this[n].apply(this,t));return this},r.exports=n},function(r,e,o){"use strict";r.exports=function(r){return function(e){if(!e&&!window._rollbarInitialized){for(var o,n,t=(r=r||{}).globalAlias||"Rollbar",a=window.rollbar,l=function(r){return new a(r)},i=0;o=window._rollbarShims[i++];)n||(n=o.handler),o.handler._swapAndProcessMessages(l,o.messages);window[t]=n,window._rollbarInitialized=!0}}}}]);</script><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport" /><meta content="ie=edge" http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" /><meta name="action-cable-url" content="wss://newleftreview.org/cable" /><title>New Left Review | Privacy</title><meta content="New Left Review analyses world politics, the global economy, state powers and protest movements; contemporary social theory, history, philosophy and culture." name="description" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/application-deaf103fc77fd40509ad2d3a4bb47d835b2f03c4b67a168cb2366acaa6dcf489.css" data-turbo-track="true" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/adobe-68b0c4d11d5fa251d4cef110a7ea2323e4e17eb29f5592f097e396e7a9ad8252.css" data-turbo-track="true" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/print-dffa43a419e617e72be45822f7ed41234ad29fc55ec252cb048a28430c8c8b98.css" media="print" data-turbo-track="true" /><meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="48CsYkGoqnnNTJw_D5D7wqTSmywlrCdNBkQrHt-bdoi6nfo2zSigxIeyuq_SnABCFFCpv0Y1HMLtUhCSesTrSQ" /><link href="/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57-335ad3515a4d2e700008ca5a1ca3fd0209840c5155fda7bb90d20e115f2d495a.png" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="57x57" /><link href="/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114-065cc4cd353db39a62f923a7bdd755a891818b9779208d2b37aa6d7a40fc8ab7.png" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" /><link href="/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72-fa8799e4f37f271bb5dc1f86a7ce5bdadf1d4d2c35d9ad735f2c785d53e9900d.png" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" /><link href="/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144-08c4539a49c5501da1efc1f25c898a3fbd0142f2596216c171bd0bd5f1bc1d7e.png" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" /><link href="/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60-9aa47e18d0e4d87c7d5fe7585829d77a55e44a8bf39d6b12030f02d3bf6b6b3c.png" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="60x60" /><link href="/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120-ffe0858f31d84cde81abea5564921809725c9097417b7e19e799d293833d8602.png" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" /><link href="/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76-197ecf0ecc3f6de0b5fc12445bb5577736dc4d7027a8c5656335e6b68a4640f5.png" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="76x76" /><link href="/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152-1fb4fb80f11537438426afceef43979c9b2e048d130de1f1313b115e23562665.png" rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" /><link href="/assets/favicons/favicon-196x196-8d1603cc3441d61d439f5b012ee0154775c3c4babba7aa6a4fe2698f4fcfd754.png" rel="icon" sizes="196x196" type="image/png" /><link href="/assets/favicons/favicon-96x96-89f5af03232e6a2fd3cbe79f0b73a19c58633108ee05a3d2a0f69f976f90b636.png" rel="icon" sizes="96x96" type="image/png" /><link href="/assets/favicons/favicon-32x32-63530010cb05c352604fafe0d81c181b3be04010d258aade778c78eb8496de31.png" rel="icon" sizes="32x32" type="image/png" /><link href="/assets/favicons/favicon-16x16-826d5ca1a21fe46849cadb8144e03e5481b15dce38a414f4f3254131c05aed00.png" rel="icon" sizes="16x16" type="image/png" /><link href="/assets/favicons/favicon-128-75fbe66f87d823778b36003882e886bd8e76dadf9e79df54cd54ab682b53269a.png" rel="icon" sizes="128x128" type="image/png" /><meta content="New Left Review" name="application-name" /><meta content="#FFFFFF" name="msapplication-TileColor" /><meta content="/assets/favicons/mstile-144x144-08c4539a49c5501da1efc1f25c898a3fbd0142f2596216c171bd0bd5f1bc1d7e.png" name="msapplication-TileImage" /><meta content="/assets/favicons/mstile-70x70-75fbe66f87d823778b36003882e886bd8e76dadf9e79df54cd54ab682b53269a.png" name="msapplication-square70x70logo" /><meta content="/assets/favicons/mstile-150x150-c65f8d3517b0f83833d70af33346fc11b157c1ff57794b899c44537bbb93662a.png" name="msapplication-square150x150logo" /><meta content="/assets/favicons/mstile-310x150-54891b82c6d2c95cfe2cf233fc4cf4bd49e576e36d3338493395a82b285e9276.png" name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" /><meta content="/assets/favicons/mstile-310x310-d7cf34d723a1817874867eed9084336cbbcd775d2ebc449e7397775cb180e246.png" name="msapplication-square310x310logo" /><meta content="1787705818145668" property="fb:app_id" /><meta content="New Left Review | Privacy" property="og:title" /><meta content="https://newleftreview.org/pages/privacy" property="og:url" /><meta content="https://newleftreview.org/assets/social_media/nlr_default_card-023912cb7a0dd8c076b5f719e60aaa3cd5d1753c885f9df8bd772bb756d7e428.png" property="og:image" /><meta content="New Left Review analyses world politics, the global economy, state powers and protest movements; contemporary social theory, history, philosophy and culture." property="og:description" /><meta content="New Left Review" property="og:site_name" /><meta content="website" property="og:type" /><meta content="summary_large_image" name="twitter:card" /><meta content="@newleftreview" name="twitter:site" /><meta content="@newleftreview" name="twitter:creator" /><meta content="New Left Review | Privacy" name="twitter:title" /><meta content="New Left Review analyses world politics, the global economy, state powers and protest movements; contemporary social theory, history, philosophy and culture." name="twitter:description" /><meta content="https://newleftreview.org/assets/social_media/nlr_default_card-023912cb7a0dd8c076b5f719e60aaa3cd5d1753c885f9df8bd772bb756d7e428.png" name="twitter:image" /><link href="/feed" rel="alternate" title="RSS" type="application/rss+xml" /></head><body class="bg-colour-issue-web-bg production locale-en guest-user c-pages a-show site-section-nlr" data-action="turbo:load@document->foundation#configure turbo:visit@document->foundation#onVisit resize@window->foundation#onResize" data-controller="foundation"><style type="text/css" data-turbolinks-clear> :root { --issue-background: #00395a; --issue-web-background: rgb(0.0, 17.1, 27.000000000000007); --issue-text: #ffffff; --issue-n: #ffffff; --issue-l: #ffffff; --issue-r: #ffffff; --button-primary-color: #ffffff; --button-primary-background-color: #00395a; --button-primary-hover-background-color: rgb(0.0, 37.05, 58.5); } .colour-issue-text { color: #ffffff; fill: #ffffff; } .bg-colour-issue-bg { color: white; background-color: #00395a; } .bg-colour-issue-web-bg { color: white; background-color: rgb(0.0, 17.1, 27.000000000000007); } .bg-colour-issue-n { color: black; background-color: #e8dc96; } .bg-colour-issue-l { color: white; background-color: #956956; } .bg-colour-issue-r { color: black; background-color: #e4bdda; } .fill-colour-issue-n { fill: #e8dc96; } .fill-colour-issue-l { fill: #956956; } .fill-colour-issue-r { fill: #e4bdda; } .button.primary, .button.primary:hover { color: #ffffff; background-color: #00395a; box-shadow: 2px 2px white; } </style> <div id="body-wrapper"><header class="site-header colour-issue-text bg-colour-issue-bg hide-for-print" data-action="click@document->quick-searches#hide" data-controller="quick-searches" data-foundation-target="siteHeader" data-quick-searches-target="siteHeader" data-sticky-container="" id="site-header"><nav data-options="marginTop:0;" data-sticky="" data-sticky-on="small" style="width:100%;"><div class="top-bar-container"><div class="top-bar colour-issue-text bg-colour-issue-bg" data-foundation-target="topBar"><div class="text-left"><span data-action="click->foundation#toggleMenu" data-foundation-target="menuToggle" data-hide-for="large" data-responsive-toggle="main-menu" id="menu-toggle"><button class="colour-issue-text" data-toggle="" type="button"></button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="burger-icon" width="25" height="21" viewBox="0 0 25 21" class="open_menu icon"> <g transform="translate(-25 -19.5)"> <line x2="25" transform="translate(25 40)" fill="none" stroke="currentcolor" stroke-width="1"></line> <line x2="25" transform="translate(25 30)" fill="none" stroke="currentcolor" stroke-width="1"></line> <line x2="25" transform="translate(25 20)" fill="none" stroke="currentcolor" stroke-width="1"></line> </g> </svg> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" id="x-icon" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 19.68 19.68" style="enable-background:new 0 0 19.68 19.68;" xml:space="preserve" class="close_menu icon"> <rect x="-3.12" y="9.41" transform="matrix(0.7071 -0.7071 0.7071 0.7071 -4.0814 9.895)" width="26.04" height="0.94"></rect> <rect x="-3.12" y="9.41" transform="matrix(-0.7071 -0.7071 0.7071 -0.7071 9.9244 23.8592)" width="26.04" height="0.94"></rect> </svg> </span></div><div class="top-bar-over"><a class="logo-link" data-turbo="true" href="/"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="New Left Review masthead" data-name="Group 53" width="494.745" height="46.95" viewBox="0 0 494.745 46.95" class="logo cell"> <title>New Left Review</title> <path class="logo_new fill-colour-issue-n" id="logo_n" data-name="Logo n" d="M1196.911,1971.917l-19.714-29.745-1.532-2.785a7.073,7.073,0,0,1-.625-1.6V1971.5h-8.359v-45.975h10.1l18.6,29.117a24.639,24.639,0,0,1,2.437,5.015v-34.132h8.289v46.393Z" transform="translate(-1166.68 -1925.524)"></path> <path class="logo_new fill-colour-issue-n" id="logo_e" data-name="Logo e" d="M1189.3,1965.244v-34.2h22.78v6.341h-14.491v7.243H1209.5v6.34h-11.912v7.941h15.257v6.339Z" transform="translate(-1141.03 -1919.269)"></path> <path class="logo_new fill-colour-issue-n" id="logo_w" data-name="Logo w" d="M1237.169,1965.939h-5.922l-4.736-12.12-4.738,12.12H1216.2l-13.654-34.9h8.639l8.567,23.755,3.414-8.707-6.129-15.047h7.662l2.23,6.827,1.948-6.827h6.479l-5.015,14.561,3.551,9.473,8.359-24.034h7.873Z" transform="translate(-1126.002 -1919.269)"></path> <path class="logo_left fill-colour-issue-l" id="logo_l" data-name="Logo l" d="M1236.361,1971.5v-45.975h8.778v38.52h18.808v7.454Z" transform="translate(-1087.655 -1925.524)"></path> <path class="logo_left fill-colour-issue-l" id="logo_e" data-name="Logo e" d="M1252.68,1965.244v-34.2h22.777v6.341h-14.488v7.243h11.913v6.34h-11.913v7.941h15.254v6.339Z" transform="translate(-1069.147 -1919.269)"></path> <path class="logo_left fill-colour-issue-l" id="logo_f" data-name="Logo f" d="M1275.428,1937.381v7.593h12.26v6.338h-12.26v13.932h-8.289v-34.2h23.2v6.341Z" transform="translate(-1052.749 -1919.269)"></path> <path class="logo_left fill-colour-issue-l" id="logo_t" data-name="Logo t" d="M1299.357,1937.381v27.863H1291v-27.863h-10.378v-6.341h29.117v6.341Z" transform="translate(-1037.462 -1919.269)"></path> <path class="logo_left fill-colour-issue-r" id="logo_r" data-name="Logo r" d="M1329.205,1971.5l-10.52-18.39H1314.3v18.39h-8.778v-45.975h15.326c6.686,0,9.751.836,12.467,3.412,2.51,2.3,3.763,5.645,3.763,9.962a13.978,13.978,0,0,1-2.507,8.639c-1.742,2.228-3.344,3.2-7.175,4.249l11.424,19.713Zm-9.2-38.521H1314.3v12.677h5.711c5.572,0,8.011-1.951,8.011-6.547C1328.021,1934.72,1325.723,1932.978,1320.01,1932.978Z" transform="translate(-1009.219 -1925.524)"></path> <path class="logo_left fill-colour-issue-r" id="logo_e" data-name="Logo e" d="M1324.255,1965.244v-34.2h22.777v6.341h-14.488v7.243h11.912v6.34h-11.912v7.941H1347.8v6.339Z" transform="translate(-987.974 -1919.269)"></path> <path class="logo_left fill-colour-issue-r" id="logo_v" data-name="Logo v" d="M1356.876,1966.219h-6.061l-13.374-35.179h8.916l8.01,22.571,7.245-22.571h8.639Z" transform="translate(-973.02 -1919.269)"></path> <path class="logo_left fill-colour-issue-r" id="logo_i" data-name="Logo i" d="M1355.457,1965.244v-34.2h8.36v34.2Z" transform="translate(-952.588 -1919.269)"></path> <path class="logo_left fill-colour-issue-r" id="logo_e" data-name="Logo e" d="M1363.126,1965.244v-34.2h22.779v6.341h-14.489v7.243h11.911v6.34h-11.911v7.941h15.255v6.339Z" transform="translate(-943.89 -1919.269)"></path> <path class="logo_left fill-colour-issue-r" id="logo_w" data-name="Logo w" d="M1410.836,1965.939h-5.922l-4.735-12.12-4.738,12.12h-5.572l-13.655-34.9h8.639l8.569,23.755,3.412-8.707-6.129-15.047h7.661l2.23,6.827,1.949-6.827h6.479l-5.015,14.561,3.553,9.473,8.357-24.034h7.873Z" transform="translate(-929.047 -1919.269)"></path> </svg> </a></div><div class="colour-issue-text grid-x" data-foundation-target="mainMenu" id="main-menu"><div class="top-bar-primary"><a id="minimised_masthead" class="logo-link" data-turbo="true" href="/"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="64.181" height="23.736" viewBox="0 0 64.181 23.736" class="logo"> <g transform="translate(-2003.861 -2722.738)"> <path class="logo_new fill-colour-issue-n" data-name="N" d="M2019.439,2746.474l-10.158-15.218-.79-1.426a3.569,3.569,0,0,1-.322-.82v17.25h-4.307v-23.522h5.2l9.584,14.9a12.6,12.6,0,0,1,1.256,2.566v-17.463h4.271v23.736Z" transform="translate(0)"></path> <path class="logo_left fill-colour-issue-l" data-name="L" d="M2122.614,2746.259v-23.521h4.523v19.707h9.691v3.814Z" transform="translate(-91.796 0)"></path> <path class="logo_review fill-colour-issue-r" data-name="R" d="M2223.335,2746.259l-5.42-9.408h-2.26v9.408h-4.523v-23.521h7.9c3.445,0,5.025.427,6.424,1.746a6.556,6.556,0,0,1,1.938,5.1A7.108,7.108,0,0,1,2226.1,2734a5.876,5.876,0,0,1-3.7,2.174l5.886,10.086Zm-4.738-19.707h-2.943v6.485h2.943c2.871,0,4.127-1,4.127-3.35C2222.725,2727.442,2221.541,2726.552,2218.6,2726.552Z" transform="translate(-160.246 0)"></path> </g> </svg> </a><ul class="menu vertical large-horizontal"><li class="show-for-large"><a data-turbo="true" href="/">Home</a></li><li class="show-for-large"><a data-turbo="true" href="/pages/about">About</a></li><li><a data-turbo="true" href="/issues">Archive</a></li><li><a data-turbo="true" href="/sidecar">Sidecar</a></li><li><a data-turbo="true" href="/authors/A">Contributors</a></li><li><a data-turbo="true" href="/subscriptions/new">Subscribe</a></li><li><a id="menu-account-link" data-turbo="true" href="/sign_in">Log in</a></li><li class="hide-for-large"><div class="search-opener" data-action="click->quick-searches#show click->quick-searches#focus:stop" data-target="#primary-search-small" id="primary-search-small-opener"><button name="" type="submit" class="button" id="search-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="magnifying-glass-icon" data-name="Magnifying Glass Icon" width="25.985" height="25.9" viewBox="0 0 25.985 25.9" class="icon colour-issue-text"> <path d="M25.63,24.011a1.038,1.038,0,0,1-.067,1.619,1,1,0,0,1-.742.27,1.1,1.1,0,0,1-.809-.337l-7.149-7.217a10.1,10.1,0,0,1-6.542,2.293A9.9,9.9,0,0,1,3,17.6,9.991,9.991,0,0,1,0,10.32,9.991,9.991,0,0,1,3,3.035,9.9,9.9,0,0,1,10.32,0a9.9,9.9,0,0,1,7.318,3.035,9.991,9.991,0,0,1,3,7.284,9.923,9.923,0,0,1-2.226,6.408ZM4.586,16.053a7.805,7.805,0,0,0,5.733,2.361,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,5.733-2.361,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,2.361-5.733,7.805,7.805,0,0,0-2.361-5.733A7.805,7.805,0,0,0,10.32,2.226,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,4.586,4.586,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,2.226,10.32,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,4.586,16.053ZM25.9,25.9"></path> </svg> </button></div><div class="site-search" id="primary-search-small"><form data-turbo="true" action="/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input type="search" name="query[q]" id="query_q" data-quick-searches-target="input" data-action="click->quick-searches#focus:stop" class="input-group-field colour-issue-text" placeholder="Quick search..." /><button name="" type="submit" class="button" id="search-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="magnifying-glass-icon" data-name="Magnifying Glass Icon" width="25.985" height="25.9" viewBox="0 0 25.985 25.9" class="icon colour-issue-text"> <path d="M25.63,24.011a1.038,1.038,0,0,1-.067,1.619,1,1,0,0,1-.742.27,1.1,1.1,0,0,1-.809-.337l-7.149-7.217a10.1,10.1,0,0,1-6.542,2.293A9.9,9.9,0,0,1,3,17.6,9.991,9.991,0,0,1,0,10.32,9.991,9.991,0,0,1,3,3.035,9.9,9.9,0,0,1,10.32,0a9.9,9.9,0,0,1,7.318,3.035,9.991,9.991,0,0,1,3,7.284,9.923,9.923,0,0,1-2.226,6.408ZM4.586,16.053a7.805,7.805,0,0,0,5.733,2.361,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,5.733-2.361,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,2.361-5.733,7.805,7.805,0,0,0-2.361-5.733A7.805,7.805,0,0,0,10.32,2.226,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,4.586,4.586,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,2.226,10.32,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,4.586,16.053ZM25.9,25.9"></path> </svg> </button></form></div></li><li class="hide-for-large"><a data-turbo="true" href="/search">Advanced search</a></li></ul><div class="search-opener show-for-large" data-action="click->quick-searches#show click->quick-searches#focus:stop" data-target="#primary-search-large" id="primary-search-large-opener"><button name="" type="submit" class="button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="magnifying-glass-icon" data-name="Magnifying Glass Icon" width="25.985" height="25.9" viewBox="0 0 25.985 25.9" class="icon colour-issue-text"> <path d="M25.63,24.011a1.038,1.038,0,0,1-.067,1.619,1,1,0,0,1-.742.27,1.1,1.1,0,0,1-.809-.337l-7.149-7.217a10.1,10.1,0,0,1-6.542,2.293A9.9,9.9,0,0,1,3,17.6,9.991,9.991,0,0,1,0,10.32,9.991,9.991,0,0,1,3,3.035,9.9,9.9,0,0,1,10.32,0a9.9,9.9,0,0,1,7.318,3.035,9.991,9.991,0,0,1,3,7.284,9.923,9.923,0,0,1-2.226,6.408ZM4.586,16.053a7.805,7.805,0,0,0,5.733,2.361,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,5.733-2.361,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,2.361-5.733,7.805,7.805,0,0,0-2.361-5.733A7.805,7.805,0,0,0,10.32,2.226,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,4.586,4.586,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,2.226,10.32,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,4.586,16.053ZM25.9,25.9"></path> </svg> </button></div></div></div><div class="site-search show-for-large" id="primary-search-large"><form action="/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><a data-turbo="true" id="advanced-search-link" href="/search">Advanced search</a><input type="search" name="query[q]" id="query_q" class="input-group-field colour-issue-text" placeholder="Quick search..." data-quick-searches-target="input" data-action="click->quick-searches#focus:stop" /><button name="" type="submit" class="button" id="search-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="magnifying-glass-icon" data-name="Magnifying Glass Icon" width="25.985" height="25.9" viewBox="0 0 25.985 25.9" class="icon colour-issue-text"> <path d="M25.63,24.011a1.038,1.038,0,0,1-.067,1.619,1,1,0,0,1-.742.27,1.1,1.1,0,0,1-.809-.337l-7.149-7.217a10.1,10.1,0,0,1-6.542,2.293A9.9,9.9,0,0,1,3,17.6,9.991,9.991,0,0,1,0,10.32,9.991,9.991,0,0,1,3,3.035,9.9,9.9,0,0,1,10.32,0a9.9,9.9,0,0,1,7.318,3.035,9.991,9.991,0,0,1,3,7.284,9.923,9.923,0,0,1-2.226,6.408ZM4.586,16.053a7.805,7.805,0,0,0,5.733,2.361,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,5.733-2.361,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,2.361-5.733,7.805,7.805,0,0,0-2.361-5.733A7.805,7.805,0,0,0,10.32,2.226,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,4.586,4.586,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,2.226,10.32,7.805,7.805,0,0,0,4.586,16.053ZM25.9,25.9"></path> </svg> </button></form></div></div></div></nav></header><div class="grid-x align-center"><section class="flash-messages"></section></div><div class="grid-x align-center"><section class="alert-messages"></section></div><div data-foundation-target="main" id="main"><section class="content"><div class="informational-page text-heavy"><div class="grid-x grid-margin-x align-center"><div class="cell small-12 medium-9 large-6 content"><h1>Privacy</h1><p>The purpose of this document is to clarify New Left Review鈥檚 policy on web user data and privacy; to explain what data we collect and how we use it.</p><p>This statement is liable to change, and users who are concerned about these matters are advised to check this document on the New Left Review website whenever relevant. On an ongoing basis however, New Left Review will maintain a general policy of only gathering user data that is strictly relevant to the journal, of protecting that data and never sharing it with a third party, and of using it only for internal purposes which are necessary for the normal running of the journal and its websites.</p><p>Questions about this privacy statement should be addressed to <a href="mailto:web@newleftreview.org">web@newleftreview.org</a></p><h2>Scope</h2><p>This document relates only to the New Left Review websites <a href="http://newleftreview.org">"newleftreview.org"</a> and <a href="http://newleftreview.es">"newleftreview.es"</a>, and to New Left Review鈥檚 email newsletters.</p><h2>Website account registration and newsletters</h2><p>In order for users to be granted access to content on the New Left Review websites other than that which is available for free, and in order for them to be able to purchase items through these websites, it is necessary for these websites to be able to identify users. Users of these services are thus required to register an account on the website concerned, specifying details such as name, email address and postal address. This user data is stored in New Left Review鈥檚 web databases, and is used for the provision of these services, and for the distribution of New Left Review鈥檚 newsletters. New Left Review only uses website account data for these internal purposes, and does not share this data with any third party.</p><p>New Left Review only sends emails to recipients who have opted-in to an email list, or who have purchased items from New Left Review. Registered users can manage their email options, including opting out of receiving newsletters, via their accounts on these websites. Users can also unsubscribe using links provided at the bottom of emails.</p><p>Since New Left Review maintains relationships with its subscribers and users often over many decades, there is no set expiry time on the period for data storage. However, user data can be deleted upon request to the New Left Review subscriptions department: <a href="mailto:subs@newleftreview.org">subs@newleftreview.org</a>. </p><h2>Financial data</h2><p>New Left Review does not keep any financial data in its web databases: transactions are processed by third-party companies鈥擲tripe and GoCardless鈥攚hich specialize in handling such data securely.</p><h2>Cookies</h2><p>Cookies are small pieces of text which are downloaded and stored by your web browser when you visit a website. Most websites use them. They are useful for a number of basic aspects of web functionality. Most importantly, the presence of a specific cookie in a web browser鈥檚 requests can enable a website to identify those requests with a single user, rather than treating them all as completely separate and anonymous. This can be important, for example, in enabling you to log into and navigate around personalized account pages, to access purchased or subscriber-only content, or to purchase items. New Left Review uses cookies in this way.</p><p>Cookies can, however, also be used by third parties to track the internet usage of individuals in order to, for example, target advertising at them; this has raised some concern about violations of privacy, and it is now UK and EU law that websites request permission from users for the placement of such cookies. New Left Review does not use cookies in this way.</p><p>Cookies can also be used to gather information about website usage. New Left Review uses the <a href="http://www.google.com/analytics/">Google Analytics</a> service to gather data on website traffic and other similar data that are useful in maintaining and developing New Left Review鈥檚 online publishing. Web analytics enables New Left Review, for example, to identify which types of web browsers our sites need to be tested for. This data is aggregated and anonymous, and is used only for our internal purposes. Google Analytics uses cookies to gather this information.</p><p>Cookies from these websites can be manually deleted from your web browser, and the association of a specific cookie-based session with a specific user account can be broken by logging out of your New Left Review account.</p><h2>IP addresses</h2><p>IP addresses are numeric codes assigned to devices connected to the internet. They can be thought of as analogous to telephone numbers, identifying different points on the internet, between which communication can occur. New Left Review uses the IP addresses of institutions as a basis for identifying institutional subscribers and providing them with open access to its archives. Institutional users also sometimes require statistics about the usage of their subscription accounts. In order to supply these services, New Left Review records the IP addresses of requests for the <a href="http://newleftreview.org">newleftreview.org</a> site. This information is only used internally to New Left Review, and only for these purposes.</p></div></div></div></section></div></div><footer class="hide-for-print" id="site-footer"><div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"><div class="cell small-6 large-3"><div class="bordered"><ul class="menu vertical"><li><a data-turbo="true" href="/pages/about">About</a></li><li><a data-turbo="true" href="/pages/history">History</a></li><li><a data-turbo="true" href="/newsletter_signup/new">Newsletter</a></li><li><a data-turbo="true" href="/donations/new">Support</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="cell small-6 large-3"><div class="bordered"><ul class="menu vertical"><li><a data-turbo="true" href="/pages/contact">Contact</a></li><li><a data-turbo="true" href="/pages/submissions">Submissions</a></li><li><a data-turbo="true" href="/pages/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a data-turbo="true" href="/pages/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="cell small-6 large-3"><div class="bordered"><h1>Follow us</h1><ul class="menu vertical"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/NewLeftReview">Twitter</a></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/newleftreview">Facebook</a></li><li><a href="/feed">RSS</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="cell small-6 large-3"><div class="bordered"><address><a data-turbo="true" href="/pages/contact">New Left Review <br> 6 Meard Street, London W1F 0EG United Kingdom <br> +44 (0)20 7734 8830</a></address></div></div></div><div class="copyright">漏 New Left Review Ltd 2024 </div></footer></body></html>