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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bhutan–China relations</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butan%E2%80%93%C3%87in_m%C3%BCnasib%C9%99tl%C9%99ri" title="Butan–Çin münasibətləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Butan–Çin münasibətləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaci%C3%B3ns_But%C3%A1n-China" title="Relacións Bután-China – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Relacións Bután-China" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubungan_Bhutan_dengan_Tiongkok" title="Hubungan Bhutan dengan Tiongkok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hubungan Bhutan dengan Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%94%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9F%E2%80%93%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F" title="יחסי בהוטן–סין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יחסי בהוטן–סין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%A8%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82" title="中国とブータンの関係 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中国とブータンの関係" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Bilateral relations</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">Bhutan–China relations</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Bhutan_Locator.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating locations of China and Bhutan"><img alt="Map indicating locations of China and Bhutan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/China_Bhutan_Locator.png/250px-China_Bhutan_Locator.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/China_Bhutan_Locator.png/375px-China_Bhutan_Locator.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/China_Bhutan_Locator.png/500px-China_Bhutan_Locator.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="495" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey;color:inherit;"></th></tr><tr style="height:0.6em"> <td style="background:#339933;color:inherit;"></td> <td style="background:#E08020;color:inherit;"></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/68px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/90px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/68px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/90px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bhutan-China</b> relations refer to the <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relationship</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bhutan">Kingdom of Bhutan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>. As of present, Bhutan and China do not share an official diplomatic relationship with one another.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, Bhutan has followed a path of <a href="/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">isolationism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">non-alignment</a> extending from the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> era to the present day. Bhutan's lack of formal diplomatic relations extend far beyond China; Bhutan does not have an official diplomatic relationship with any of the other four <a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">permanent member states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Geographically, Bhutan is sandwiched between the two neighbouring states of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> to the south and China to the north and northeast. The <a href="/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93China_border" title="Bhutan–China border">Bhutan-China border</a> runs approximately 477 km across very mountainous <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayan</a> terrain, connecting northern regions of Bhutan on the south of the border with the <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a> of China north of the border.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bhutan-China border is porous and poorly demarcated, and has been a source of long running tension between the two states.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Territorial disputes with Bhutan have been a source of potential conflict. Since 1984, the two governments have conducted regular talks on border and security issues to reduce tensions.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-deal_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deal-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhutan%E2%80%93China_relations&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bhutan has long had strong cultural, historical, religious, and economic connections to <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LibraryofCongress_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LibraryofCongress-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Relations with Tibet were strained when China <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">took over Tibet</a> in the 1950s. Unlike Tibet, Bhutan had no history of being under the <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> of China but fell under British suzerainty during the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Punakha" title="Treaty of Punakha">Treaty of Punakha</a> in 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-LibraryofCongress_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LibraryofCongress-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bhutan's border with Tibet has never been officially demarcated. The territorial claim was maintained by the People's Republic of China after the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> took control of mainland China in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> With the increase in soldiers on the Chinese side of the Sino-Bhutanese border after the <a href="/wiki/Seventeen_Point_Agreement_for_the_Peaceful_Liberation_of_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet">17-point agreement</a> between the Tibetan government and the central government of the PRC, Bhutan withdrew its representative from <a href="/wiki/Lhasa" title="Lhasa">Lhasa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LibraryofCongress_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LibraryofCongress-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VOS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VOS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IPCS_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPCS-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a> and the <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a>'s arrival in neighboring <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> made the security of Bhutan's border with China a necessity for Bhutan. An estimated 6,000 Tibetans fled to Bhutan and were granted <a href="/wiki/Right_of_asylum" title="Right of asylum">asylum</a>, although Bhutan subsequently closed its northern border with China, fearing more refugees.<sup id="cite_ref-LibraryofCongress_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LibraryofCongress-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBCO_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCO-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bhutan–China relations are constrained also by Bhutan's close relationship with India.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, relations with China have improved following China's <a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:92_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:92-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 215">: 215 </span></sup> Generally, Bhutan seeks balance with its larger neighbors China and India in order to avoid dependency on either country.<sup id="cite_ref-:92_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:92-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 215">: 215 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhutan%E2%80%93China_relations&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bhutan has historical ties to <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> through their culture, history, religion, and economy.<sup id="cite_ref-LibraryofCongress_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LibraryofCongress-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, their relationship became tense after Bhutan supported the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_invasion_of_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="British invasion of Tibet">British invasion of Tibet</a>. With the signing of an agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Tibetan locals, and the deployment of troops on the border between China and Bhutan, Bhutan withdrew its representatives in the People's Republic of China from Lhasa.<sup id="cite_ref-VOS2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VOS2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IPCS2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPCS2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 1959 Tibetan riots and the arrival of the Dalai Lama in neighbouring India, some 6,000 Tibetans fled to Bhutan and were granted asylum. Bhutan closed its border with China, afraid that there would be more refugees.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCO2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCO2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boundary_issues">Boundary issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhutan%E2%80%93China_relations&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Boundary issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93China_border" title="Bhutan–China border">Bhutan–China border</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Territorial_disputes_between_Bhutan_and_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Territorial disputes between Bhutan and China (page does not exist)">Territorial disputes between Bhutan and China</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%8D%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE" class="extiw" title="zh:中不边界争议">zh</a>]</span></div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhutan_CIA_WFB_2010_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Bhutan_CIA_WFB_2010_map.png" decoding="async" width="326" height="350" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Map of Bhutan showing border with China as of 2010</figcaption></figure><p>With the entry of the People's Liberation Army into Tibet, some Tibetan settlements in western Tibet, formerly controlled by the Bhutanese government, came under the control of the People's Republic of China. While some sources believe that the Bhutan-China border was settled in a secret agreement during 1961, neither country has ever publicly acknowledged such an agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1980s, Bhutan relinquished its claim to a 154-square-mile area called Kula Khari on its northern border with China.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, the two countries signed a peace and tranquility agreement, although border disputes remain.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2002 official statement by the King of Bhutan to the National Assembly, specifies that there are still four disputed areas between Bhutan and China.<sup id="cite_ref-HJ4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HJ4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two countries signed a memorandum of understanding in 2022 to begin the process of settling the border.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 113">: 113 </span></sup> In 2023, Bhutanese foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Tandi_Dorji" title="Tandi Dorji">Tandi Dorji</a> met with Chinese foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(politician)" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a> and Chinese Vice President <a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a> where both sides indicated hopes to resolve the border dispute and develop formal ties.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mitigation">Mitigation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhutan%E2%80%93China_relations&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mitigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974, Bhutan invited <a href="/wiki/Ma_Muming" title="Ma Muming">Ma Muming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires" title="Chargé d'affaires">chargé d'affaires</a> of the Chinese Embassy in India, to attend the coronation of the fourth Bhutanese King <a href="/wiki/Jigme_Singye_Wangchuck" title="Jigme Singye Wangchuck">Jigme Singye Wangchuck</a>. In 1983, Chinese Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Wu_Xueqian" title="Wu Xueqian">Wu Xueqian</a> and Bhutanese Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Dawa_Tsering" title="Dawa Tsering">Dawa Tsering</a> held talks in New York on establishing bilateral relations. In 1984, China and Bhutan began direct negotiations on the border dispute.<sup id="cite_ref-HJ4_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HJ4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VOS4_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VOS4-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, China and Bhutan signed an <i>Agreement to Maintain Peace and Tranquility</i> on the Bhutan-China border.<sup id="cite_ref-VOS4_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VOS4-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two sides also proposed the <a href="/wiki/Five_Principles_of_Peaceful_Coexistence" title="Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence">Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HJ4_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HJ4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IPV2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPV2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VOS4_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VOS4-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BG_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BG-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, China later built roads in the territory claimed by Bhutan, and China was accused of violating the agreement and provoking tension.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> reported that, according to <a href="/wiki/Satellite_imagery" title="Satellite imagery">satellite imagery</a>, China had constructed villages inside of disputed territory within Bhutan.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese individuals, called "border guardians," received annual subsidies to relocate to newly built villages and paid to conduct border patrols.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least 22 Chinese villages and settlements have been constructed inside of disputed territory.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhutan%E2%80%93China_relations&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Bhutan–India relations">Bhutan–India relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Fingers_of_Tibet" title="Five Fingers of Tibet">Five Fingers of Tibet</a>, claims to Bhutan and other nearby territories made by PRC leader <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_disputes_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China">Territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhutan%E2%80%93China_relations&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKaul2022" class="citation journal cs1">Kaul, Nitasha (28 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Firap%2Flcab010">"Beyond India and China: Bhutan as a Small State in International Relations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Relations_of_the_Asia-Pacific" title="International Relations of the Asia-Pacific">International Relations of the Asia-Pacific</a></i>. <b>22</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">297–</span>337. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Firap%2Flcab010">10.1093/irap/lcab010</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1470-482X">1470-482X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Relations+of+the+Asia-Pacific&rft.atitle=Beyond+India+and+China%3A+Bhutan+as+a+Small+State+in+International+Relations&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E297-%3C%2Fspan%3E337&rft.date=2022-04-28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Firap%2Flcab010&rft.issn=1470-482X&rft.aulast=Kaul&rft.aufirst=Nitasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Firap%252Flcab010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/china/2023/11/02/china-and-bhutan-aim-to-resolve-a-long-running-border-dispute">"China and Bhutan aim to resolve a long-running border dispute"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 2 November 2023. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240511042527/https://www.economist.com/china/2023/11/02/china-and-bhutan-aim-to-resolve-a-long-running-border-dispute">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=China+and+Bhutan+aim+to+resolve+a+long-running+border+dispute&rft.date=2023-11-02&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fchina%2F2023%2F11%2F02%2Fchina-and-bhutan-aim-to-resolve-a-long-running-border-dispute&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070612211726/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bt.html">"CIA - The World Factbook -- Bhutan"</a>. 12 June 2007. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CIA+-+The+World+Factbook+--+Bhutan&rft.date=2007-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fbt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthyGan2024" class="citation news cs1">McCarthy, Simone; Gan, Nectar (5 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/11/05/asia/china-bhutan-border-dst-intl-hnk/index.html">"China is building new villages on its remote Himalayan border. Some appear to have crossed the line"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=China+is+building+new+villages+on+its+remote+Himalayan+border.+Some+appear+to+have+crossed+the+line&rft.date=2024-11-05&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Simone&rft.au=Gan%2C+Nectar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2024%2F11%2F05%2Fasia%2Fchina-bhutan-border-dst-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnett2021" class="citation news cs1">Barnett, Robert (7 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/05/07/china-bhutan-border-villages-security-forces/">"China Is Building Entire Villages in Another Country's Territory"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507200315/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/05/07/china-bhutan-border-villages-security-forces/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nepal%2C+and+Bhutan+%3A+country+studies&rft.pages=330-333&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1991-09&rft.isbn=0844407771&rft.aulast=Savada&rft.aufirst=Andrea+Matles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnepalbhutancount00sava%2Fpage%2F330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span> (source can also be found at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/frdcstdy.nepalbhutancount00sava/?sp=382&st=text">[1]</a>) </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VOS-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VOS_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalaji2008" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">Balaji, Mohan (12 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509184053/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/JA12Ad02.html">"In Bhutan, China and India collide"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Asia_Times" title="Asia Times">Asia Times</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times&rft.atitle=In+Bhutan%2C+China+and+India+collide&rft.date=2008-01-12&rft.aulast=Balaji&rft.aufirst=Mohan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FChina%2FJA12Ad02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPCS-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IPCS_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM_Shamsur_Rabb_Khan2008" class="citation web cs1">M Shamsur Rabb Khan (8 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipcs.org/comm_select.php?articleNo=2540">"Elections in the Himalayan Kingdom: New Dawn of India-Bhutan Relations"</a>. <i>Institute of Peace & Conflict Studies</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305221025/http://www.ipcs.org/article/bhutan/elections-in-the-himalayan-kingdom-new-dawn-of-india-bhutan-2540.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+of+Peace+%26+Conflict+Studies&rft.atitle=Elections+in+the+Himalayan+Kingdom%3A+New+Dawn+of+India-Bhutan+Relations&rft.date=2008-04-08&rft.au=M+Shamsur+Rabb+Khan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcs.org%2Fcomm_select.php%3FarticleNo%3D2540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCO-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBCO_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/country_profile/54627.stm">Bhutan: a land frozen in time</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20101111083203/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/country_profile/54627.stm">Archived</a> 11 November 2010 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> (9 February 1998). BBC. Accessed May 30, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelegama2016" class="citation book cs1">Kelegama, Saman (2016). "China as a Balancer in South Asia". <i>The New Great Game: China and South and Central Asia in the Era of Reform</i>. Thomas Fingar. Stanford, California: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. p. 203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9780804797641-013">10.1515/9780804797641-013</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-9764-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-9764-1"><bdi>978-0-8047-9764-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/939553543">939553543</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=China+as+a+Balancer+in+South+Asia&rft.btitle=The+New+Great+Game%3A+China+and+South+and+Central+Asia+in+the+Era+of+Reform&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pages=203&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F939553543&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9780804797641-013&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-9764-1&rft.aulast=Kelegama&rft.aufirst=Saman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:92-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:92_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:92_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlfred2023" class="citation book cs1">Alfred, Gerstl (2023). 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(eds.). <i>Contemporary China: a New Superpower?</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">205–</span>217. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003350064-21">10.4324/9781003350064-21</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-03-239508-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-03-239508-1"><bdi>978-1-03-239508-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=China+in+its+Immediate+Neighborhood&rft.btitle=Contemporary+China%3A+a+New+Superpower%3F&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E205-%3C%2Fspan%3E217&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781003350064-21&rft.isbn=978-1-03-239508-1&rft.aulast=Alfred&rft.aufirst=Gerstl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VOS2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VOS2_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalaji2008" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">Balaji, Mohan (12 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509184053/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/JA12Ad02.html">"In Bhutan, China and India collide"</a>. <i>Asia Times Online</i>. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times+Online&rft.atitle=In+Bhutan%2C+China+and+India+collide&rft.date=2008-01-12&rft.aulast=Balaji&rft.aufirst=Mohan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FChina%2FJA12Ad02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPCS2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IPCS2_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM_Shamsur_Rabb_Khan2008" class="citation web cs1">M Shamsur Rabb Khan (8 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipcs.org/article/bhutan/elections-in-the-himalayan-kingdom-new-dawn-of-india-bhutan-2540.html">"Elections in the Himalayan Kingdom: New Dawn of India-Bhutan Relations"</a>. <i>Institute of Peace & Conflict Studies</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305221025/http://www.ipcs.org/article/bhutan/elections-in-the-himalayan-kingdom-new-dawn-of-india-bhutan-2540.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+of+Peace+%26+Conflict+Studies&rft.atitle=Elections+in+the+Himalayan+Kingdom%3A+New+Dawn+of+India-Bhutan+Relations&rft.date=2008-04-08&rft.au=M+Shamsur+Rabb+Khan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcs.org%2Farticle%2Fbhutan%2Felections-in-the-himalayan-kingdom-new-dawn-of-india-bhutan-2540.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCO2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBCO2_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20101111083203/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/country_profile/54627.stm">"Bhutan: a land frozen in time"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/country_profile/54627.stm">the original</a> on 11 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bhutan%3A+a+land+frozen+in+time&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fcountry_profile%2F54627.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2016" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Swaran (2016). "China Engages Its Southwest Frontier". <i>The new great game : China and South and Central Asia in the era of reform</i>. Thomas Fingar. Stanford, California: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-9764-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-9764-1"><bdi>978-0-8047-9764-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/939553543">939553543</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=China+Engages+Its+Southwest+Frontier&rft.btitle=The+new+great+game+%3A+China+and+South+and+Central+Asia+in+the+era+of+reform&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F939553543&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-9764-1&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Swaran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HJ4-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HJ4_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HJ4_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HJ4_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021024231629/http://www.bhutannewsonline.com/bhutan_china.html">"Bhutan-China relations"</a>. <i>BhutanNewsOnline.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bhutannewsonline.com/bhutan_china.html">the original</a> on 24 October 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BhutanNewsOnline.com&rft.atitle=Bhutan-China+relations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bhutannewsonline.com%2Fbhutan_china.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:13_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarlick2024" class="citation book cs1">Garlick, Jeremy (2024). <i>Advantage China: Agent of Change in an Era of Global Disruption</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomsbury Academic">Bloomsbury Academic</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-350-25231-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-350-25231-8"><bdi>978-1-350-25231-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advantage+China%3A+Agent+of+Change+in+an+Era+of+Global+Disruption&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1-350-25231-8&rft.aulast=Garlick&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240329232311/https://www.economist.com/china/2023/11/02/china-and-bhutan-aim-to-resolve-a-long-running-border-dispute">"China and Bhutan aim to resolve a long-running border dispute"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. 29 March 2024. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=China+and+Bhutan+aim+to+resolve+a+long-running+border+dispute&rft.date=2024-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fchina%2F2023%2F11%2F02%2Fchina-and-bhutan-aim-to-resolve-a-long-running-border-dispute&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VOS4-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VOS4_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VOS4_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VOS4_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalaji2008" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">Balaji, Mohan (12 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509184053/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/JA12Ad02.html">"In Bhutan, China and India collide"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Asia_Times" title="Asia Times">Asia Times</a></i>. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times&rft.atitle=In+Bhutan%2C+China+and+India+collide&rft.date=2008-01-12&rft.aulast=Balaji&rft.aufirst=Mohan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FChina%2FJA12Ad02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPV2-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IPV2_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.himalmag.com/2007/may/analysis_india_bhutan_relation.htm">India and the upcoming Druk democracy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080113235410/http://www.himalmag.com/2007/may/analysis_india_bhutan_relation.htm">Archived</a> 2008-01-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (May 2007). HimalMag.com. Accessed May 30, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BG-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BG_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117005610/http://bhutangazette.com/2007/06/07/growing-china-bhutan-relations-and-the-changing-strategic-equations-in-south-asia/">Bhutan Gazette</a> (7 June 2007). BhutanGazette. They were accessed on May 30, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXiaoChang2024" class="citation news cs1">Xiao, Muyi; Chang, Agnes (10 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/08/10/world/asia/china-border-villages.html">"China's Great Wall of Villages"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240810234238/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/08/10/world/asia/china-border-villages.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=China%27s+Great+Wall+of+Villages&rft.date=2024-08-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Xiao&rft.aufirst=Muyi&rft.au=Chang%2C+Agnes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2024%2F08%2F10%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fchina-border-villages.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://turquoiseroof.org/forceful-diplomacy-china-cross-border-villages-in-bhutan/">"Forceful Diplomacy: China's Cross-Border Villages in Bhutan"</a>. <i>Turquoise Roof</i>. 15 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Turquoise+Roof&rft.atitle=Forceful+Diplomacy%3A+China%27s+Cross-Border+Villages+in+Bhutan&rft.date=2024-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fturquoiseroof.org%2Fforceful-diplomacy-china-cross-border-villages-in-bhutan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhutan%E2%80%93China_relations&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNayak2021" class="citation book cs1">Nayak, Nihar R. (September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idsa.in/system/files/monograph/monograph72.pdf"><i>Political Changes in Nepal and Bhutan Emerging Trends in Foreign Policy in Post 2008 Period</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-953957-1-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-953957-1-2"><bdi>978-81-953957-1-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Changes+in+Nepal+and+Bhutan+Emerging+Trends+in+Foreign+Policy+in+Post+2008+Period&rft.pub=Manohar+Parrikar+Institute+for+Defence+Studies+and+Analyses&rft.date=2021-09&rft.isbn=978-81-953957-1-2&rft.aulast=Nayak&rft.aufirst=Nihar+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidsa.in%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fmonograph%2Fmonograph72.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThierry2004" class="citation journal cs1">Thierry, Mathou (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/publicationFiles/ConferenceProceedings/SpiderAndPiglet/19-Spdr&Pglt.pdf">"Bhutan-China Relations: Towards a new Step in Himalayan Politics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Spider and the Piglet: Proceedings of the First Seminar on Bhutan Studies</i>. Centre for Bhutan Studies: <span class="nowrap">388–</span>411. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11588%2FXAREP.00002625">10.11588/XAREP.00002625</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99936-14-19-X" title="Special:BookSources/99936-14-19-X"><bdi>99936-14-19-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spider+and+the+Piglet%3A+Proceedings+of+the+First+Seminar+on+Bhutan+Studies&rft.atitle=Bhutan-China+Relations%3A+Towards+a+new+Step+in+Himalayan+Politics&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E388-%3C%2Fspan%3E411&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11588%2FXAREP.00002625&rft.isbn=99936-14-19-X&rft.aulast=Thierry&rft.aufirst=Mathou&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bhutanstudies.org.bt%2FpublicationFiles%2FConferenceProceedings%2FSpiderAndPiglet%2F19-Spdr%26Pglt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhutan%E2%80%93China+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Bhutan" title="List of diplomatic missions of Bhutan">Diplomatic missions of Bhutan</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Bhutan" title="List of diplomatic missions in Bhutan">in Bhutan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=China&#124;link=China_Foreign_relations_of_China149" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">Foreign relations of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Bilateral_relations149" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Algeria–China relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Angola–China relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Benin–China relations">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Botswana–China relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Burkina Faso–China relations">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Burundi–China relations">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Cameroon–China relations">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Cape Verde–China relations">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Central African Republic–China relations">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Chad–China relations">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Comoros_relations" title="China–Comoros relations">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_relations" title="China–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations">Congo, Democratic Republic of the</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Republic_of_the_Congo_relations" title="China–Republic of the Congo relations">Congo, Republic of the</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Djibouti_relations" title="China–Djibouti relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Egypt_relations" title="China–Egypt relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Equatorial_Guinea_relations" title="China–Equatorial Guinea relations">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Eritrea_relations" title="China–Eritrea relations">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="China–Ethiopia relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Gabon_relations" title="China–Gabon relations">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Gambia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="China–Gambia relations">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ghana_relations" title="China–Ghana relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Guinea_relations" title="China–Guinea relations">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Guinea-Bissau_relations" title="China–Guinea-Bissau relations">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ivory_Coast_relations" title="China–Ivory Coast relations">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="China–Kenya relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lesotho_relations" title="China–Lesotho relations">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Liberia_relations" title="China–Liberia relations">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="China–Libya relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Madagascar_relations" title="China–Madagascar relations">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Malawi_relations" title="China–Malawi relations">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mali_relations" title="China–Mali relations">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mauritania_relations" title="China–Mauritania relations">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mauritius_relations" title="China–Mauritius relations">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="China–Morocco relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mozambique_relations" title="China–Mozambique relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Namibia_relations" title="China–Namibia relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Niger_relations" title="China–Niger relations">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations" title="China–Nigeria relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Rwanda_relations" title="China–Rwanda relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_relations" title="China–São Tomé and Príncipe relations">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Senegal_relations" title="China–Senegal relations">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Seychelles_relations" title="China–Seychelles relations">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sierra_Leone_relations" title="China–Sierra Leone relations">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="China–Somalia relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="China–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Sudan_relations" title="China–South Sudan relations">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="China–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tanzania_relations" title="China–Tanzania relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Togo_relations" title="China–Togo relations">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tunisia_relations" title="China–Tunisia relations">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uganda_relations" title="China–Uganda relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="China–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="China–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Antigua and Barbuda–China relations">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Argentina–China relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas%E2%80%93China_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas–China relations">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Barbados–China relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bolivia–China relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Brazil–China relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Canada–China relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Chile–China relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Colombia_relations" title="China–Colombia relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Costa_Rica_relations" title="China–Costa Rica relations">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Cuba_relations" title="China–Cuba relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Dominican_Republic_relations" title="China–Dominican Republic relations">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ecuador_relations" title="China–Ecuador relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93El_Salvador_relations" title="China–El Salvador relations">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Grenada_relations" title="China–Grenada relations">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Haiti_relations" title="China–Haiti relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Honduras_relations" title="China–Honduras relations">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Jamaica_relations" title="China–Jamaica relations">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="China–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nicaragua_relations" title="China–Nicaragua relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Panama_relations" title="China–Panama relations">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="China–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Suriname_relations" title="China–Suriname relations">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations" title="China–Trinidad and Tobago relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="China–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="China–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="China–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Afghanistan–China relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Armenia–China relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Azerbaijan–China relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bangladesh–China relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Brunei–China relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Cambodia–China relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93East_Timor_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="China–East Timor relations">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Georgia_relations" title="China–Georgia relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93India_relations" title="China–India relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="China–Indonesia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="China–Iran relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iraq_relations" title="China–Iraq relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="China–Israel relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="China–Japan relations">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_China%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="History of China–Japan relations">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kazakhstan_relations" title="China–Kazakhstan relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kyrgyzstan_relations" title="China–Kyrgyzstan relations">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Laos_relations" title="China–Laos relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="China–Lebanon relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="China–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Maldives_relations" title="China–Maldives relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mongolia_relations" title="China–Mongolia relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Myanmar_relations" title="China–Myanmar relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nepal_relations" title="China–Nepal relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="China–North Korea relations">North Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sino-Korean_relations" title="History of Sino-Korean relations">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="China–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="China–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="China–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="China–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="China–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="China–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="China–South Korea relations">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sino-Korean_relations" title="History of Sino-Korean relations">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="China–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="China–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tajikistan_relations" title="China–Tajikistan relations">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="China–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="China–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Turkmenistan_relations" title="China–Turkmenistan relations">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="China–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_relations" title="China–Uzbekistan relations">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="China–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_under_Chinese_rule" title="Vietnam under Chinese rule">Northern Domination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="China–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Albania–China relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Austria–China relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Belarus–China relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Belgium–China relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Bulgaria–China relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Croatia_relations" title="China–Croatia relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Cyprus_relations" title="China–Cyprus relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Czech_Republic_relations" title="China–Czech Republic relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Denmark_relations" title="China–Denmark relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Finland_relations" title="China–Finland relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93France_relations" title="China–France relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="China–Germany relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Greece_relations" title="China–Greece relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Hungary_relations" title="China–Hungary relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iceland_relations" title="China–Iceland relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="China–Ireland relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="China–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kosovo_relations" title="China–Kosovo relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lithuania_relations" title="China–Lithuania relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Luxembourg_relations" title="China–Luxembourg relations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Moldova_relations" title="China–Moldova relations">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Montenegro_relations" title="China–Montenegro relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="China–Netherlands relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Norway_relations" title="China–Norway relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="China–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="China–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="China–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="China–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93San_Marino_relations" title="China–San Marino relations">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="China–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Slovakia_relations" title="China–Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="China–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="China–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="China–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="China–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="China–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="China–Holy See relations">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Australia–China relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Cook_Islands_relations" title="China–Cook Islands relations">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Fiji_relations" title="China–Fiji relations">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kiribati_relations" title="China–Kiribati relations">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Federated_States_of_Micronesia_relations" title="China–Federated States of Micronesia relations">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nauru_relations" title="China–Nauru relations">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="China–New Zealand relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Niue_relations" title="China–Niue relations">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Papua_New_Guinea_relations" title="China–Papua New Guinea relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Samoa_relations" title="China–Samoa relations">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Solomon_Islands_relations" title="China–Solomon Islands relations">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tonga_relations" title="China–Tonga relations">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vanuatu_relations" title="China–Vanuatu relations">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_relations" title="Sino-Soviet relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="China–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Multilateral_relations149" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Multilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BCIM_Economic_Corridor" title="BCIM Economic Corridor">BCIM Economic Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">BIMSTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-African_relations" title="Sino-African relations">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Arab_relations" title="Sino-Arab relations">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Caribbean_relations" title="Sino-Caribbean relations">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_trilateral_summit" title="China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit">China–Japan–South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="China–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Latin_America_relations" title="Sino-Latin America relations">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Pacific_relations" title="Sino-Pacific relations">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Third_World_relations" title="Sino-Third World relations">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_policy_of_China" title="Arctic policy of China">Arctic policy of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:China_and_the_Antarctic" title="Category:China and the Antarctic">China and the Antarctic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Diplomacy149" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Foreign_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Foreign Affairs Commission">Central Foreign Affairs Commission</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (China)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (China)">Foreign Minister</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_China" title="List of diplomatic missions of China">Diplomatic missions of China</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_China" title="List of diplomatic missions in China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_peaceful_rise" title="China's peaceful rise">China's peaceful rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Century" title="Chinese Century">Chinese Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_sanctions" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese sanctions">Chinese sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucius_Institute" title="Confucius Institute">Confucius Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dates_of_establishment_of_diplomatic_relations_with_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China">Dates of diplomatic recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_China" title="Foreign policy of China">Foreign policy of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Relations_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Foreign Relations Law of the People's Republic of China">Foreign Relations Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" title="Foreign relations of Hong Kong">Foreign relations of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-dash_line" title="Nine-dash line">Nine-dash line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panda_diplomacy" title="Panda diplomacy">Panda diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadium_diplomacy" title="Stadium diplomacy">Stadium diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_of_Pearls_(Indian_Ocean)" title="String of Pearls (Indian Ocean)">String of Pearls</a></li> <li>Major historical splits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of China">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_built_by_China_as_aid" title="List of theaters built by China as aid">Theater diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_warrior_diplomacy" title="Wolf warrior diplomacy">Wolf warrior diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought_on_Diplomacy" title="Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy">Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhutan–China_relations&oldid=1262534422">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhutan–China_relations&oldid=1262534422</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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