Cilium - Revision history

<?xml version="1.0"?> <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en"> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Cilium</id> <title>Cilium - Revision history</title> <link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Cilium"/> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&action=history"/> <updated>2024-12-01T11:45:14Z</updated> <subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle> <generator>MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5</generator> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1258423998&oldid=prev</id> <title>Headbomb: ce</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1258423998&oldid=prev"/> <updated>2024-11-19T17:21:35Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>ce</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:21, 19 November 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 125:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 125:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Primary cilia in pancreatic cells ===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Primary cilia in pancreatic cells ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The pancreas is a mixture of highly differentiated exocrine and endocrine cells. Primary cilia are present in exocrine cells, which are centroacinar duct cells.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Cano DA, Murcia NS, Pazour GJ, Hebrok M|year=2004|title=''orpk'' mouse model of polycystic kidney disease reveals essential role of primary cilia in pancreatic tissue organization|journal=Development|volume=131|issue=14|pages=3457–3467|pmid=15226261|doi=10.1242/dev.01189|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Hegyi"/&gt; Endocrine tissue is composed of different hormone-secreting cells. Insulin-secreting beta cells and glucagon-secreting alpha cells are highly ciliated.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Zhang Q, Davenport JR, Croyle MJ, Haycraft CJ, Yoder BK|year=2005|title=Disruption of IFT results in both exocrine and endocrine abnormalities in the pancreas of Tg737(orpk) mutant mice|journal=Laboratory <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Investigations</del>|volume=85|issue=1|pages=45–64|doi=10.1038/labinvest.3700207|doi-access=free|pmid=15580285}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Yamamoto M, Kataoka K|year=1986|title=Electron microscopic observation of the primary cilia in the pancreatic islets|journal=Archivum Histologicum Japonicum|volume=49|issue=4|pages=449–457|doi-access=free|doi=10.1679/aohc.49.449|pmid=3545133}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The pancreas is a mixture of highly differentiated exocrine and endocrine cells. Primary cilia are present in exocrine cells, which are centroacinar duct cells.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Cano DA, Murcia NS, Pazour GJ, Hebrok M|year=2004|title=''orpk'' mouse model of polycystic kidney disease reveals essential role of primary cilia in pancreatic tissue organization|journal=Development|volume=131|issue=14|pages=3457–3467|pmid=15226261|doi=10.1242/dev.01189|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Hegyi"/&gt; Endocrine tissue is composed of different hormone-secreting cells. Insulin-secreting beta cells and glucagon-secreting alpha cells are highly ciliated.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Zhang Q, Davenport JR, Croyle MJ, Haycraft CJ, Yoder BK|year=2005|title=Disruption of IFT results in both exocrine and endocrine abnormalities in the pancreas of Tg737(orpk) mutant mice|journal=Laboratory <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Investigation</ins>|volume=85|issue=1|pages=45–64|doi=10.1038/labinvest.3700207|doi-access=free|pmid=15580285}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Yamamoto M, Kataoka K|year=1986|title=Electron microscopic observation of the primary cilia in the pancreatic islets|journal=Archivum Histologicum Japonicum|volume=49|issue=4|pages=449–457|doi-access=free|doi=10.1679/aohc.49.449|pmid=3545133}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== See also ==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== See also ==</div></td> </tr> </table></summary> <author><name>Headbomb</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1249583993&oldid=prev</id> <title>83.9.172.24: added missing parenthesis</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1249583993&oldid=prev"/> <updated>2024-10-05T17:46:59Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>added missing parenthesis</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:46, 5 October 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 13:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 13:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{wikt | cilium}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{wikt | cilium}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''cilium''' ({{plural form}}: '''cilia'''; {{ety|la|cilium|[[eyelid]]}}; in Medieval Latin and in anatomy, ''cilium'' is a short hair-like [[membrane protrusion]] from many types of [[eukaryotic cell]].&lt;ref name="MW1"&gt;{{cite web | title=Definition of CILIUM |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cilium | website=www.merriam-webster.com | access-date=15 April 2022 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="HHMIB2005"/&gt; (Cilia are absent in [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]].) The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike projection that extends from the surface of the much larger cell body.&lt;ref name="HHMIB2005"/&gt; Eukaryotic [[flagella]] found on [[sperm cell]]s and many [[protozoan]]s have a similar structure to motile cilia that enables swimming through liquids; they are longer than cilia and have a different undulating motion.&lt;ref name="Haimo_JCB198112"&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Haimo LT, Rosenbaum JL |date=December 1981 |title=Cilia, flagella, and microtubules |journal=The Journal of Cell Biology |volume=91 |issue=3 Pt 2 |pages=125s–130s |doi=10.1083/jcb.91.3.125s |pmc=2112827 |pmid=6459327}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Alberts1"&gt;{{cite book | last1=Alberts | first1=Bruce |title =Molecular biology of the cell | year=2015 | location=New York, NY | isbn=9780815344643 | pages=941–942 | edition=6}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''cilium''' ({{plural form}}: '''cilia'''; {{ety|la|cilium|[[eyelid]]}}; in Medieval Latin and in anatomy, ''cilium''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</ins> is a short hair-like [[membrane protrusion]] from many types of [[eukaryotic cell]].&lt;ref name="MW1"&gt;{{cite web | title=Definition of CILIUM |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cilium | website=www.merriam-webster.com | access-date=15 April 2022 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="HHMIB2005"/&gt; (Cilia are absent in [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]].) The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike projection that extends from the surface of the much larger cell body.&lt;ref name="HHMIB2005"/&gt; Eukaryotic [[flagella]] found on [[sperm cell]]s and many [[protozoan]]s have a similar structure to motile cilia that enables swimming through liquids; they are longer than cilia and have a different undulating motion.&lt;ref name="Haimo_JCB198112"&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Haimo LT, Rosenbaum JL |date=December 1981 |title=Cilia, flagella, and microtubules |journal=The Journal of Cell Biology |volume=91 |issue=3 Pt 2 |pages=125s–130s |doi=10.1083/jcb.91.3.125s |pmc=2112827 |pmid=6459327}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Alberts1"&gt;{{cite book | last1=Alberts | first1=Bruce |title =Molecular biology of the cell | year=2015 | location=New York, NY | isbn=9780815344643 | pages=941–942 | edition=6}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are two major classes of cilia: ''motile'' and ''non-motile'' cilia, each with two subtypes, giving four types in all.&lt;ref name="Falk"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Falk | first1=N | last2=Lösl | first2=M | last3=Schröder | first3=N | last4=Gießl | first4=A | title=Specialized Cilia in Mammalian Sensory Systems | journal=Cells | date=11 September 2015 | volume=4 | issue=3 | pages=500–19 | doi=10.3390/cells4030500 | pmid=26378583| pmc=4588048 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cell will typically have one primary cilium or many motile cilia.&lt;ref name="Wheatley"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Wheatley | first1=DN | title=Primary cilia: turning points in establishing their ubiquity, sensory role and the pathological consequences of dysfunction | journal=Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling | date=September 2021 | volume=15 | issue=3 | pages=291–297 | doi=10.1007/s12079-021-00615-5 | pmid=33970456 |pmc=8222448 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The structure of the cilium core, called the [[axoneme]], determines the cilium class. Most motile cilia have a central pair of single [[microtubule]]s surrounded by nine pairs of double microtubules called a [[9+2 axoneme]]. Most non-motile cilia have a [[9+0 axoneme]] that lacks the central pair of microtubules. Also lacking are the associated components that enable motility including the outer and inner [[dynein]] arms, and radial spokes.&lt;ref name="Fisch"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Fisch | first1=C | last2=Dupuis-Williams | first2=P | title=Ultrastructure of cilia and flagella - back to the future! | journal=Biology of the Cell | date=June 2011 | volume=103 | issue=6 | pages=249–70 | doi=10.1042/BC20100139 | pmid=21728999 |s2cid=7636387 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Some motile cilia lack the central pair, and some non-motile cilia have the central pair, hence the four types.&lt;ref name="Falk"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Fisch"/&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are two major classes of cilia: ''motile'' and ''non-motile'' cilia, each with two subtypes, giving four types in all.&lt;ref name="Falk"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Falk | first1=N | last2=Lösl | first2=M | last3=Schröder | first3=N | last4=Gießl | first4=A | title=Specialized Cilia in Mammalian Sensory Systems | journal=Cells | date=11 September 2015 | volume=4 | issue=3 | pages=500–19 | doi=10.3390/cells4030500 | pmid=26378583| pmc=4588048 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cell will typically have one primary cilium or many motile cilia.&lt;ref name="Wheatley"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Wheatley | first1=DN | title=Primary cilia: turning points in establishing their ubiquity, sensory role and the pathological consequences of dysfunction | journal=Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling | date=September 2021 | volume=15 | issue=3 | pages=291–297 | doi=10.1007/s12079-021-00615-5 | pmid=33970456 |pmc=8222448 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The structure of the cilium core, called the [[axoneme]], determines the cilium class. Most motile cilia have a central pair of single [[microtubule]]s surrounded by nine pairs of double microtubules called a [[9+2 axoneme]]. Most non-motile cilia have a [[9+0 axoneme]] that lacks the central pair of microtubules. Also lacking are the associated components that enable motility including the outer and inner [[dynein]] arms, and radial spokes.&lt;ref name="Fisch"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Fisch | first1=C | last2=Dupuis-Williams | first2=P | title=Ultrastructure of cilia and flagella - back to the future! | journal=Biology of the Cell | date=June 2011 | volume=103 | issue=6 | pages=249–70 | doi=10.1042/BC20100139 | pmid=21728999 |s2cid=7636387 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Some motile cilia lack the central pair, and some non-motile cilia have the central pair, hence the four types.&lt;ref name="Falk"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Fisch"/&gt;</div></td> </tr> </table></summary> <author><name>83.9.172.24</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1248837592&oldid=prev</id> <title>Iztwoz: /* top */ redid more in line with ref used</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1248837592&oldid=prev"/> <updated>2024-10-01T18:49:24Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p><span class="autocomment">top: </span> redid more in line with ref used</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:49, 1 October 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 13:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 13:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{wikt | cilium}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{wikt | cilium}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''cilium''' ({{plural form}}: '''cilia'''; {{ety|la|cilium|[[eyelid]]}}; in Medieval Latin and in anatomy, ''cilium'' is <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">an</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[eyelash]])</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is a</del> [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cell </del>membrane<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|membrane]]-bound</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[organelle</del>]] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">found</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">on most</del> types of [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">eukaryote|</del>eukaryotic<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[cell (biology)|</del>cell]].&lt;ref name="MW1"&gt;{{cite web | title=Definition of CILIUM |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cilium | website=www.merriam-webster.com | access-date=15 April 2022 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Cilia are absent in [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]].) The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike projection that extends from the surface of the much larger <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Cell (biology)|</del>cell body<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>.&lt;ref name="HHMIB2005"/&gt; Eukaryotic [[flagella]] found on [[sperm cell]]s and many [[protozoan]]s have a similar structure to motile cilia that enables swimming through liquids; they are longer than cilia and have a different undulating motion.&lt;ref name="Haimo_JCB198112"&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Haimo LT, Rosenbaum JL |date=December 1981 |title=Cilia, flagella, and microtubules |journal=The Journal of Cell Biology |volume=91 |issue=3 Pt 2 |pages=125s–130s |doi=10.1083/jcb.91.3.125s |pmc=2112827 |pmid=6459327}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Alberts1"&gt;{{cite book | last1=Alberts | first1=Bruce |title =Molecular biology of the cell | year=2015 | location=New York, NY | isbn=9780815344643 | pages=941–942 | edition=6}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''cilium''' ({{plural form}}: '''cilia'''; {{ety|la|cilium|[[eyelid]]}}; in Medieval Latin and in anatomy, ''cilium'' is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">short</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hair-like</ins> [[membrane <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">protrusion</ins>]] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">from</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">many</ins> types of [[eukaryotic cell]].&lt;ref name="MW1"&gt;{{cite web | title=Definition of CILIUM |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cilium | website=www.merriam-webster.com | access-date=15 April 2022 | language=en}}&lt;/ref<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&gt;&lt;ref name="HHMIB2005"/</ins>&gt; (Cilia are absent in [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]].) The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike projection that extends from the surface of the much larger cell body.&lt;ref name="HHMIB2005"/&gt; Eukaryotic [[flagella]] found on [[sperm cell]]s and many [[protozoan]]s have a similar structure to motile cilia that enables swimming through liquids; they are longer than cilia and have a different undulating motion.&lt;ref name="Haimo_JCB198112"&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Haimo LT, Rosenbaum JL |date=December 1981 |title=Cilia, flagella, and microtubules |journal=The Journal of Cell Biology |volume=91 |issue=3 Pt 2 |pages=125s–130s |doi=10.1083/jcb.91.3.125s |pmc=2112827 |pmid=6459327}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Alberts1"&gt;{{cite book | last1=Alberts | first1=Bruce |title =Molecular biology of the cell | year=2015 | location=New York, NY | isbn=9780815344643 | pages=941–942 | edition=6}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are two major classes of cilia: ''motile'' and ''non-motile'' cilia, each with two subtypes, giving four types in all.&lt;ref name="Falk"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Falk | first1=N | last2=Lösl | first2=M | last3=Schröder | first3=N | last4=Gießl | first4=A | title=Specialized Cilia in Mammalian Sensory Systems | journal=Cells | date=11 September 2015 | volume=4 | issue=3 | pages=500–19 | doi=10.3390/cells4030500 | pmid=26378583| pmc=4588048 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cell will typically have one primary cilium or many motile cilia.&lt;ref name="Wheatley"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Wheatley | first1=DN | title=Primary cilia: turning points in establishing their ubiquity, sensory role and the pathological consequences of dysfunction | journal=Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling | date=September 2021 | volume=15 | issue=3 | pages=291–297 | doi=10.1007/s12079-021-00615-5 | pmid=33970456 |pmc=8222448 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The structure of the cilium core, called the [[axoneme]], determines the cilium class. Most motile cilia have a central pair of single [[microtubule]]s surrounded by nine pairs of double microtubules called a [[9+2 axoneme]]. Most non-motile cilia have a [[9+0 axoneme]] that lacks the central pair of microtubules. Also lacking are the associated components that enable motility including the outer and inner [[dynein]] arms, and radial spokes.&lt;ref name="Fisch"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Fisch | first1=C | last2=Dupuis-Williams | first2=P | title=Ultrastructure of cilia and flagella - back to the future! | journal=Biology of the Cell | date=June 2011 | volume=103 | issue=6 | pages=249–70 | doi=10.1042/BC20100139 | pmid=21728999 |s2cid=7636387 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Some motile cilia lack the central pair, and some non-motile cilia have the central pair, hence the four types.&lt;ref name="Falk"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Fisch"/&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are two major classes of cilia: ''motile'' and ''non-motile'' cilia, each with two subtypes, giving four types in all.&lt;ref name="Falk"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Falk | first1=N | last2=Lösl | first2=M | last3=Schröder | first3=N | last4=Gießl | first4=A | title=Specialized Cilia in Mammalian Sensory Systems | journal=Cells | date=11 September 2015 | volume=4 | issue=3 | pages=500–19 | doi=10.3390/cells4030500 | pmid=26378583| pmc=4588048 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cell will typically have one primary cilium or many motile cilia.&lt;ref name="Wheatley"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Wheatley | first1=DN | title=Primary cilia: turning points in establishing their ubiquity, sensory role and the pathological consequences of dysfunction | journal=Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling | date=September 2021 | volume=15 | issue=3 | pages=291–297 | doi=10.1007/s12079-021-00615-5 | pmid=33970456 |pmc=8222448 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The structure of the cilium core, called the [[axoneme]], determines the cilium class. Most motile cilia have a central pair of single [[microtubule]]s surrounded by nine pairs of double microtubules called a [[9+2 axoneme]]. Most non-motile cilia have a [[9+0 axoneme]] that lacks the central pair of microtubules. Also lacking are the associated components that enable motility including the outer and inner [[dynein]] arms, and radial spokes.&lt;ref name="Fisch"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Fisch | first1=C | last2=Dupuis-Williams | first2=P | title=Ultrastructure of cilia and flagella - back to the future! | journal=Biology of the Cell | date=June 2011 | volume=103 | issue=6 | pages=249–70 | doi=10.1042/BC20100139 | pmid=21728999 |s2cid=7636387 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Some motile cilia lack the central pair, and some non-motile cilia have the central pair, hence the four types.&lt;ref name="Falk"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Fisch"/&gt;</div></td> </tr> </table></summary> <author><name>Iztwoz</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1247767257&oldid=prev</id> <title>Giraffer: Reverted edits by 2601:C2:33:A48:2D3E:EBBE:4BD6:7E3E (talk) (HG) (3.4.10)</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1247767257&oldid=prev"/> <updated>2024-09-25T22:07:07Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>Reverted edits by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/2601:C2:33:A48:2D3E:EBBE:4BD6:7E3E" title="Special:Contributions/2601:C2:33:A48:2D3E:EBBE:4BD6:7E3E">2601:C2:33:A48:2D3E:EBBE:4BD6:7E3E</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:2601:C2:33:A48:2D3E:EBBE:4BD6:7E3E" title="User talk:2601:C2:33:A48:2D3E:EBBE:4BD6:7E3E">talk</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HG" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:HG">HG</a>) (3.4.10)</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:07, 25 September 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Short description|Organelle found on eukaryotic cells}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Short description|Organelle found on eukaryotic cells}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{About|organelles|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nasty,</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ferocious,</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ugly, globs of</del> insect wings|Cilium (entomology)}}{{Distinguish|Cilium (computing)}}{{Distinguish|Psyllium}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{About|organelles|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fine</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hairs</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">on</ins> insect wings|Cilium (entomology)}}{{Distinguish|Cilium (computing)}}{{Distinguish|Psyllium}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Infobox microanatomy</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Infobox microanatomy</div></td> </tr> </table></summary> <author><name>Giraffer</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1247767205&oldid=prev</id> <title>2601:C2:33:A48:2D3E:EBBE:4BD6:7E3E at 22:06, 25 September 2024</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1247767205&oldid=prev"/> <updated>2024-09-25T22:06:45Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:06, 25 September 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Short description|Organelle found on eukaryotic cells}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Short description|Organelle found on eukaryotic cells}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{About|organelles|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fine</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hairs</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">on</del> insect wings|Cilium (entomology)}}{{Distinguish|Cilium (computing)}}{{Distinguish|Psyllium}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{About|organelles|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nasty,</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ferocious,</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ugly, globs of</ins> insect wings|Cilium (entomology)}}{{Distinguish|Cilium (computing)}}{{Distinguish|Psyllium}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Infobox microanatomy</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Infobox microanatomy</div></td> </tr> </table></summary> <author><name>2601:C2:33:A48:2D3E:EBBE:4BD6:7E3E</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1247767096&oldid=prev</id> <title>ClueBot NG: Reverting possible vandalism by 2601:C2:33:A48:2D3E:EBBE:4BD6:7E3E to version by 203.167.142.214. Report False Positive? Thanks, ClueBot NG. (4347130) (Bot)</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1247767096&oldid=prev"/> <updated>2024-09-25T22:05:59Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>Reverting possible vandalism by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/2601:C2:33:A48:2D3E:EBBE:4BD6:7E3E" title="Special:Contributions/2601:C2:33:A48:2D3E:EBBE:4BD6:7E3E">2601:C2:33:A48:2D3E:EBBE:4BD6:7E3E</a> to version by 203.167.142.214. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CBFP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CBFP">Report False Positive?</a> Thanks, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CBNG" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CBNG">ClueBot NG</a>. (4347130) (Bot)</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:05, 25 September 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Short description|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bloody organs</del> found on eukaryotic cells}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Short description|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Organelle</ins> found on eukaryotic cells}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. 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Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_1_0_rhs">&#x26AB;</a></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><a name="movedpara_3_0_lhs"></a><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del>hairs on insect wings|Cilium (entomology)}}{{Distinguish|Cilium (computing)}}{{Distinguish|Psyllium}}</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Infobox microanatomy</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Infobox microanatomy</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 13:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{wikt | cilium}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{wikt | cilium}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FeliCa </del>''' ({{plural form}}: '''cilia'''; {{ety|la|cilium|[[eyelid]]}}; in Medieval Latin and in anatomy, ''cilium'' is an [[eyelash]]) is a [[cell membrane|membrane]]-bound [[organelle]] found on most types of [[eukaryote|eukaryotic]] [[cell (biology)|cell]].&lt;ref name="MW1"&gt;{{cite web | title=Definition of CILIUM |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cilium | website=www.merriam-webster.com | access-date=15 April 2022 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Cilia are absent in [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]].) The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike projection that extends from the surface of the much larger [[Cell (biology)|cell body]].&lt;ref name="HHMIB2005"/&gt; Eukaryotic [[flagella]] found on [[sperm cell]]s and many [[protozoan]]s have a similar structure to motile cilia that enables swimming through liquids; they are longer than cilia and have a different undulating motion.&lt;ref name="Haimo_JCB198112"&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Haimo LT, Rosenbaum JL |date=December 1981 |title=Cilia, flagella, and microtubules |journal=The Journal of Cell Biology |volume=91 |issue=3 Pt 2 |pages=125s–130s |doi=10.1083/jcb.91.3.125s |pmc=2112827 |pmid=6459327}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Alberts1"&gt;{{cite book | last1=Alberts | first1=Bruce |title =Molecular biology of the cell | year=2015 | location=New York, NY | isbn=9780815344643 | pages=941–942 | edition=6}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cilium</ins>''' ({{plural form}}: '''cilia'''; {{ety|la|cilium|[[eyelid]]}}; in Medieval Latin and in anatomy, ''cilium'' is an [[eyelash]]) is a [[cell membrane|membrane]]-bound [[organelle]] found on most types of [[eukaryote|eukaryotic]] [[cell (biology)|cell]].&lt;ref name="MW1"&gt;{{cite web | title=Definition of CILIUM |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cilium | website=www.merriam-webster.com | access-date=15 April 2022 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Cilia are absent in [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]].) The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike projection that extends from the surface of the much larger [[Cell (biology)|cell body]].&lt;ref name="HHMIB2005"/&gt; Eukaryotic [[flagella]] found on [[sperm cell]]s and many [[protozoan]]s have a similar structure to motile cilia that enables swimming through liquids; they are longer than cilia and have a different undulating motion.&lt;ref name="Haimo_JCB198112"&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Haimo LT, Rosenbaum JL |date=December 1981 |title=Cilia, flagella, and microtubules |journal=The Journal of Cell Biology |volume=91 |issue=3 Pt 2 |pages=125s–130s |doi=10.1083/jcb.91.3.125s |pmc=2112827 |pmid=6459327}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Alberts1"&gt;{{cite book | last1=Alberts | first1=Bruce |title =Molecular biology of the cell | year=2015 | location=New York, NY | isbn=9780815344643 | pages=941–942 | edition=6}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are two major classes of cilia: ''motile'' and ''non-motile'' cilia, each with two subtypes, giving four types in all.&lt;ref name="Falk"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Falk | first1=N | last2=Lösl | first2=M | last3=Schröder | first3=N | last4=Gießl | first4=A | title=Specialized Cilia in Mammalian Sensory Systems | journal=Cells | date=11 September 2015 | volume=4 | issue=3 | pages=500–19 | doi=10.3390/cells4030500 | pmid=26378583| pmc=4588048 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cell will typically have one primary cilium or many motile cilia.&lt;ref name="Wheatley"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Wheatley | first1=DN | title=Primary cilia: turning points in establishing their ubiquity, sensory role and the pathological consequences of dysfunction | journal=Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling | date=September 2021 | volume=15 | issue=3 | pages=291–297 | doi=10.1007/s12079-021-00615-5 | pmid=33970456 |pmc=8222448 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The structure of the cilium core, called the [[axoneme]], determines the cilium class. Most motile cilia have a central pair of single [[microtubule]]s surrounded by nine pairs of double microtubules called a [[9+2 axoneme]]. Most non-motile cilia have a [[9+0 axoneme]] that lacks the central pair of microtubules. Also lacking are the associated components that enable motility including the outer and inner [[dynein]] arms, and radial spokes.&lt;ref name="Fisch"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Fisch | first1=C | last2=Dupuis-Williams | first2=P | title=Ultrastructure of cilia and flagella - back to the future! | journal=Biology of the Cell | date=June 2011 | volume=103 | issue=6 | pages=249–70 | doi=10.1042/BC20100139 | pmid=21728999 |s2cid=7636387 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Some motile cilia lack the central pair, and some non-motile cilia have the central pair, hence the four types.&lt;ref name="Falk"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Fisch"/&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are two major classes of cilia: ''motile'' and ''non-motile'' cilia, each with two subtypes, giving four types in all.&lt;ref name="Falk"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Falk | first1=N | last2=Lösl | first2=M | last3=Schröder | first3=N | last4=Gießl | first4=A | title=Specialized Cilia in Mammalian Sensory Systems | journal=Cells | date=11 September 2015 | volume=4 | issue=3 | pages=500–19 | doi=10.3390/cells4030500 | pmid=26378583| pmc=4588048 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cell will typically have one primary cilium or many motile cilia.&lt;ref name="Wheatley"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Wheatley | first1=DN | title=Primary cilia: turning points in establishing their ubiquity, sensory role and the pathological consequences of dysfunction | journal=Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling | date=September 2021 | volume=15 | issue=3 | pages=291–297 | doi=10.1007/s12079-021-00615-5 | pmid=33970456 |pmc=8222448 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The structure of the cilium core, called the [[axoneme]], determines the cilium class. Most motile cilia have a central pair of single [[microtubule]]s surrounded by nine pairs of double microtubules called a [[9+2 axoneme]]. Most non-motile cilia have a [[9+0 axoneme]] that lacks the central pair of microtubules. Also lacking are the associated components that enable motility including the outer and inner [[dynein]] arms, and radial spokes.&lt;ref name="Fisch"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Fisch | first1=C | last2=Dupuis-Williams | first2=P | title=Ultrastructure of cilia and flagella - back to the future! | journal=Biology of the Cell | date=June 2011 | volume=103 | issue=6 | pages=249–70 | doi=10.1042/BC20100139 | pmid=21728999 |s2cid=7636387 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Some motile cilia lack the central pair, and some non-motile cilia have the central pair, hence the four types.&lt;ref name="Falk"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Fisch"/&gt;</div></td> </tr> </table></summary> <author><name>ClueBot NG</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1247767074&oldid=prev</id> <title>2601:C2:33:A48:2D3E:EBBE:4BD6:7E3E at 22:05, 25 September 2024</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1247767074&oldid=prev"/> <updated>2024-09-25T22:05:43Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:05, 25 September 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Short description|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Organelle</del> found on eukaryotic cells}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Short description|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bloody organs</ins> found on eukaryotic cells}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{About|organelles|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fine</del> hairs on insect wings|Cilium (entomology)}}{{Distinguish|Cilium (computing)}}{{Distinguish|Psyllium}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{About|organelles|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cute</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; 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border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cilium</del>''' ({{plural form}}: '''cilia'''; {{ety|la|cilium|[[eyelid]]}}; in Medieval Latin and in anatomy, ''cilium'' is an [[eyelash]]) is a [[cell membrane|membrane]]-bound [[organelle]] found on most types of [[eukaryote|eukaryotic]] [[cell (biology)|cell]].&lt;ref name="MW1"&gt;{{cite web | title=Definition of CILIUM |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cilium | website=www.merriam-webster.com | access-date=15 April 2022 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Cilia are absent in [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]].) The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike projection that extends from the surface of the much larger [[Cell (biology)|cell body]].&lt;ref name="HHMIB2005"/&gt; Eukaryotic [[flagella]] found on [[sperm cell]]s and many [[protozoan]]s have a similar structure to motile cilia that enables swimming through liquids; they are longer than cilia and have a different undulating motion.&lt;ref name="Haimo_JCB198112"&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Haimo LT, Rosenbaum JL |date=December 1981 |title=Cilia, flagella, and microtubules |journal=The Journal of Cell Biology |volume=91 |issue=3 Pt 2 |pages=125s–130s |doi=10.1083/jcb.91.3.125s |pmc=2112827 |pmid=6459327}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Alberts1"&gt;{{cite book | last1=Alberts | first1=Bruce |title =Molecular biology of the cell | year=2015 | location=New York, NY | isbn=9780815344643 | pages=941–942 | edition=6}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FeliCa </ins>''' ({{plural form}}: '''cilia'''; {{ety|la|cilium|[[eyelid]]}}; in Medieval Latin and in anatomy, ''cilium'' is an [[eyelash]]) is a [[cell membrane|membrane]]-bound [[organelle]] found on most types of [[eukaryote|eukaryotic]] [[cell (biology)|cell]].&lt;ref name="MW1"&gt;{{cite web | title=Definition of CILIUM |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cilium | website=www.merriam-webster.com | access-date=15 April 2022 | language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Cilia are absent in [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]].) The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike projection that extends from the surface of the much larger [[Cell (biology)|cell body]].&lt;ref name="HHMIB2005"/&gt; Eukaryotic [[flagella]] found on [[sperm cell]]s and many [[protozoan]]s have a similar structure to motile cilia that enables swimming through liquids; they are longer than cilia and have a different undulating motion.&lt;ref name="Haimo_JCB198112"&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Haimo LT, Rosenbaum JL |date=December 1981 |title=Cilia, flagella, and microtubules |journal=The Journal of Cell Biology |volume=91 |issue=3 Pt 2 |pages=125s–130s |doi=10.1083/jcb.91.3.125s |pmc=2112827 |pmid=6459327}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Alberts1"&gt;{{cite book | last1=Alberts | first1=Bruce |title =Molecular biology of the cell | year=2015 | location=New York, NY | isbn=9780815344643 | pages=941–942 | edition=6}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are two major classes of cilia: ''motile'' and ''non-motile'' cilia, each with two subtypes, giving four types in all.&lt;ref name="Falk"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Falk | first1=N | last2=Lösl | first2=M | last3=Schröder | first3=N | last4=Gießl | first4=A | title=Specialized Cilia in Mammalian Sensory Systems | journal=Cells | date=11 September 2015 | volume=4 | issue=3 | pages=500–19 | doi=10.3390/cells4030500 | pmid=26378583| pmc=4588048 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cell will typically have one primary cilium or many motile cilia.&lt;ref name="Wheatley"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Wheatley | first1=DN | title=Primary cilia: turning points in establishing their ubiquity, sensory role and the pathological consequences of dysfunction | journal=Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling | date=September 2021 | volume=15 | issue=3 | pages=291–297 | doi=10.1007/s12079-021-00615-5 | pmid=33970456 |pmc=8222448 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The structure of the cilium core, called the [[axoneme]], determines the cilium class. Most motile cilia have a central pair of single [[microtubule]]s surrounded by nine pairs of double microtubules called a [[9+2 axoneme]]. Most non-motile cilia have a [[9+0 axoneme]] that lacks the central pair of microtubules. Also lacking are the associated components that enable motility including the outer and inner [[dynein]] arms, and radial spokes.&lt;ref name="Fisch"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Fisch | first1=C | last2=Dupuis-Williams | first2=P | title=Ultrastructure of cilia and flagella - back to the future! | journal=Biology of the Cell | date=June 2011 | volume=103 | issue=6 | pages=249–70 | doi=10.1042/BC20100139 | pmid=21728999 |s2cid=7636387 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Some motile cilia lack the central pair, and some non-motile cilia have the central pair, hence the four types.&lt;ref name="Falk"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Fisch"/&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are two major classes of cilia: ''motile'' and ''non-motile'' cilia, each with two subtypes, giving four types in all.&lt;ref name="Falk"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Falk | first1=N | last2=Lösl | first2=M | last3=Schröder | first3=N | last4=Gießl | first4=A | title=Specialized Cilia in Mammalian Sensory Systems | journal=Cells | date=11 September 2015 | volume=4 | issue=3 | pages=500–19 | doi=10.3390/cells4030500 | pmid=26378583| pmc=4588048 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cell will typically have one primary cilium or many motile cilia.&lt;ref name="Wheatley"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Wheatley | first1=DN | title=Primary cilia: turning points in establishing their ubiquity, sensory role and the pathological consequences of dysfunction | journal=Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling | date=September 2021 | volume=15 | issue=3 | pages=291–297 | doi=10.1007/s12079-021-00615-5 | pmid=33970456 |pmc=8222448 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The structure of the cilium core, called the [[axoneme]], determines the cilium class. Most motile cilia have a central pair of single [[microtubule]]s surrounded by nine pairs of double microtubules called a [[9+2 axoneme]]. Most non-motile cilia have a [[9+0 axoneme]] that lacks the central pair of microtubules. Also lacking are the associated components that enable motility including the outer and inner [[dynein]] arms, and radial spokes.&lt;ref name="Fisch"&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Fisch | first1=C | last2=Dupuis-Williams | first2=P | title=Ultrastructure of cilia and flagella - back to the future! | journal=Biology of the Cell | date=June 2011 | volume=103 | issue=6 | pages=249–70 | doi=10.1042/BC20100139 | pmid=21728999 |s2cid=7636387 | doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Some motile cilia lack the central pair, and some non-motile cilia have the central pair, hence the four types.&lt;ref name="Falk"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Fisch"/&gt;</div></td> </tr> </table></summary> <author><name>2601:C2:33:A48:2D3E:EBBE:4BD6:7E3E</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1240210546&oldid=prev</id> <title>203.167.142.214: /* top */</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1240210546&oldid=prev"/> <updated>2024-08-14T04:06:33Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p><span class="autocomment">top</span></p> <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&amp;diff=1240210546&amp;oldid=1236357664">Show changes</a></summary> <author><name>203.167.142.214</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1236357664&oldid=prev</id> <title>Florian Blaschke: The Latin word means only 'eyelid', never 'eyelash'.</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1236357664&oldid=prev"/> <updated>2024-07-24T07:46:36Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p>The Latin word means only &#039;eyelid&#039;, never &#039;eyelash&#039;.</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 07:46, 24 July 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 11:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 11:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| Caption2 = </div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| Caption2 = </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''cilium''' ({{plural form}}: '''cilia'''; {{ety|la||[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">eyelash</del>]]}}) is a [[cell membrane|membrane]]-bound [[organelle]] found on most types of [[eukaryote|eukaryotic]] [[cell (biology)|cell]].&lt;ref name="MW1"&gt;{{cite web |title=Definition of CILIUM |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cilium |website=www.merriam-webster.com |access-date=15 April 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cilia are absent in [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]]. The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike projection that extends from the surface of the much larger [[Cell (biology)|cell body]].&lt;ref name="HHMIB2005"/&gt; Eukaryotic [[flagella]] found on [[sperm cell]]s and many [[protozoan]]s have a similar structure to motile cilia that enables swimming through liquids; they are longer than cilia and have a different undulating motion.&lt;ref name="Haimo_JCB198112"&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Haimo LT, Rosenbaum JL|date=December 1981|title=Cilia, flagella, and microtubules|journal=The Journal of Cell Biology|volume=91|issue=3 Pt 2|pages=125s–130s|doi=10.1083/jcb.91.3.125s|pmc=2112827|pmid=6459327}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Alberts1"&gt;{{cite book |last1=Alberts |first1=Bruce |title=Molecular biology of the cell |date=2015 |location=New York, NY |isbn=9780815344643 |pages=941–942 |edition=Sixth}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''cilium''' ({{plural form}}: '''cilia'''; {{ety|la|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cilium</ins>|[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">eyelid</ins>]]}}<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">; in anatomy, ''cilium'' is an [[eyelash]]</ins>) is a [[cell membrane|membrane]]-bound [[organelle]] found on most types of [[eukaryote|eukaryotic]] [[cell (biology)|cell]].&lt;ref name="MW1"&gt;{{cite web |title=Definition of CILIUM |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cilium |website=www.merriam-webster.com |access-date=15 April 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cilia are absent in [[bacteria]] and [[archaea]]. The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike projection that extends from the surface of the much larger [[Cell (biology)|cell body]].&lt;ref name="HHMIB2005"/&gt; Eukaryotic [[flagella]] found on [[sperm cell]]s and many [[protozoan]]s have a similar structure to motile cilia that enables swimming through liquids; they are longer than cilia and have a different undulating motion.&lt;ref name="Haimo_JCB198112"&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Haimo LT, Rosenbaum JL|date=December 1981|title=Cilia, flagella, and microtubules|journal=The Journal of Cell Biology|volume=91|issue=3 Pt 2|pages=125s–130s|doi=10.1083/jcb.91.3.125s|pmc=2112827|pmid=6459327}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Alberts1"&gt;{{cite book |last1=Alberts |first1=Bruce |title=Molecular biology of the cell |date=2015 |location=New York, NY |isbn=9780815344643 |pages=941–942 |edition=Sixth}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are two major classes of cilia: ''motile'' and ''non-motile'' cilia, each with a subtype, giving four types in all.&lt;ref name="Falk"&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Falk |first1=N |last2=Lösl |first2=M |last3=Schröder |first3=N |last4=Gießl |first4=A |title=Specialized Cilia in Mammalian Sensory Systems. |journal=Cells |date=11 September 2015 |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=500–19 |doi=10.3390/cells4030500 |pmid=26378583|pmc=4588048 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cell will typically have one primary cilium or many motile cilia.&lt;ref name="Wheatley"&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wheatley |first1=DN |title=Primary cilia: turning points in establishing their ubiquity, sensory role and the pathological consequences of dysfunction. |journal=Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling |date=September 2021 |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=291–297 |doi=10.1007/s12079-021-00615-5 |pmid=33970456|pmc=8222448 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The structure of the cilium core called the [[axoneme]] determines the cilium class. Most motile cilia have a central pair of single [[microtubule]]s surrounded by nine pairs of double microtubules called a [[9+2 axoneme]]. Most non-motile cilia have a [[9+0 axoneme]] that lacks the central pair of microtubules. Also lacking are the associated components that enable motility including the outer and inner dynein arms, and radial spokes.&lt;ref name="Fisch"&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Fisch |first1=C |last2=Dupuis-Williams |first2=P |title=Ultrastructure of cilia and flagella - back to the future! |journal=Biology of the Cell |date=June 2011 |volume=103 |issue=6 |pages=249–70 |doi=10.1042/BC20100139 |pmid=21728999|s2cid=7636387 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Some motile cilia lack the central pair, and some non-motile cilia have the central pair, hence the four types.&lt;ref name="Falk"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Fisch"/&gt;</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There are two major classes of cilia: ''motile'' and ''non-motile'' cilia, each with a subtype, giving four types in all.&lt;ref name="Falk"&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Falk |first1=N |last2=Lösl |first2=M |last3=Schröder |first3=N |last4=Gießl |first4=A |title=Specialized Cilia in Mammalian Sensory Systems. |journal=Cells |date=11 September 2015 |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=500–19 |doi=10.3390/cells4030500 |pmid=26378583|pmc=4588048 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cell will typically have one primary cilium or many motile cilia.&lt;ref name="Wheatley"&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wheatley |first1=DN |title=Primary cilia: turning points in establishing their ubiquity, sensory role and the pathological consequences of dysfunction. |journal=Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling |date=September 2021 |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=291–297 |doi=10.1007/s12079-021-00615-5 |pmid=33970456|pmc=8222448 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The structure of the cilium core called the [[axoneme]] determines the cilium class. Most motile cilia have a central pair of single [[microtubule]]s surrounded by nine pairs of double microtubules called a [[9+2 axoneme]]. Most non-motile cilia have a [[9+0 axoneme]] that lacks the central pair of microtubules. Also lacking are the associated components that enable motility including the outer and inner dynein arms, and radial spokes.&lt;ref name="Fisch"&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Fisch |first1=C |last2=Dupuis-Williams |first2=P |title=Ultrastructure of cilia and flagella - back to the future! |journal=Biology of the Cell |date=June 2011 |volume=103 |issue=6 |pages=249–70 |doi=10.1042/BC20100139 |pmid=21728999|s2cid=7636387 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Some motile cilia lack the central pair, and some non-motile cilia have the central pair, hence the four types.&lt;ref name="Falk"/&gt;&lt;ref name="Fisch"/&gt;</div></td> </tr> </table></summary> <author><name>Florian Blaschke</name></author> </entry> <entry> <id>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1235111637&oldid=prev</id> <title>Tsarivan613: /* Primary cilia in pancreatic cells */ Updated citations</title> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilium&diff=1235111637&oldid=prev"/> <updated>2024-07-17T18:43:50Z</updated> <summary type="html"><p><span class="autocomment">Primary cilia in pancreatic cells: </span> Updated citations</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Previous revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:43, 17 July 2024</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 122:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 122:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Primary cilia in pancreatic cells ===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Primary cilia in pancreatic cells ===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The pancreas is a mixture of highly differentiated exocrine and endocrine cells. Primary cilia are present in exocrine cells, which are centroacinar duct cells.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Cano DA, Murcia NS, Pazour GJ, Hebrok M|year=2004|title=''orpk'' mouse model of polycystic kidney disease reveals essential role of primary cilia in pancreatic tissue organization|journal=Development|volume=131|issue=14|pages=3457–3467|pmid=15226261|doi=10.1242/dev.01189|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Hegyi"/&gt; Endocrine tissue is composed of different hormone-secreting cells. Insulin-secreting beta cells and glucagon-secreting alpha cells are highly ciliated.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Zhang Q, Davenport JR, Croyle MJ, Haycraft CJ, Yoder BK|year=2005|title=Disruption of IFT results in both exocrine and endocrine abnormalities in the pancreas of Tg737(orpk) mutant mice|journal=Laboratory Investigations|volume=85|issue=1|pages=45–64|doi=10.1038/labinvest.3700207|doi-access=free|pmid=15580285}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Yamamoto M, Kataoka K|year=1986|title=Electron microscopic observation of the primary cilia in the pancreatic islets|journal=Archivum Histologicum Japonicum|volume=49|issue=4|pages=449–457|doi-access=free|doi=10.1679/aohc.49.449|pmid=3545133}}&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The pancreas is a mixture of highly differentiated exocrine and endocrine cells. Primary cilia are present in exocrine cells which are centroacinar, duct cells.&lt;ref&gt;Cano DA, Murcia NS, Pazour GJ, Hebrok M. 2004. Orpk mouse</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>model of polycystic kidney disease reveals essential role of pri-</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>mary cilia in pancreatic tissue organization. Development 131:</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>3457–3467&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name="Hegyi"/&gt; Endocrine tissue is composed of different hormone secreting cells. Insulin secreting beta cells and glucagon secreting alpha cells which are highly ciliated.&lt;ref&gt;Zhang Q, Davenport JR, Croyle MJ, et al. 2005. Disruption of IFT results in both exocrine and endocrine abnormalities in the pancreas of Tg737orpk mutant mice. ''Lab Invest'' 85: 45– 64&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Yamamoto M, Kataoka K. 1986. Electron microscopic observation</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>of the primary cilia in the pancreatic islets. Arch Histol Jpn 49:</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>449–457&lt;/ref&gt;</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== See also ==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== See also ==</div></td> </tr> </table></summary> <author><name>Tsarivan613</name></author> </entry> </feed>

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