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Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ورديات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ورديات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCl%C3%A7i%C3%A7%C9%99klil%C9%99r" title="Gülçiçəklilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gülçiçəklilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ружакветныя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ружакветныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ружакветныя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ружакветныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Розоцветни – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Розоцветни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosals" title="Rosals – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rosals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Кĕлчечеклисем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кĕлчечеклисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanom_nga_rosas" title="Tanom nga rosas – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tanom nga rosas" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%AF%C5%BEotvar%C3%A9" title="Růžotvaré – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Růžotvaré" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosen-ordenen" title="Rosen-ordenen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rosen-ordenen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosenartige" title="Rosenartige – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rosenartige" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosilaadsed" title="Roosilaadsed – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Roosilaadsed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B7" title="Ροδώδη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ροδώδη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozaloj" title="Rozaloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rozaloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AE%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گل‌سرخ‌سانان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گل‌سرخ‌سانان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Хьармакхазиза – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Хьармакхазиза" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%AF%B8%EB%AA%A9" title="장미목 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장미목" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%BEolike" title="Ružolike – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ružolike" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%C3%A6%D1%82%C3%A6%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Мæтæгдидинонтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мæтæгдидинонтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3sab%C3%A1lkur" title="Rósabálkur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rósabálkur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ורדנאים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ורדנאים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA%D3%A7%D1%80" title="Роза чукӧр – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Роза чукӧр" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koma_rozagulan" title="Koma rozagulan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Koma rozagulan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C5%BEu_rinda" title="Rožu rinda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rožu rinda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Er%C5%A1k%C4%97tie%C4%8Diai" title="Erškėtiečiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Erškėtiečiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3zsavir%C3%A1g%C3%BAak" title="Rózsavirágúak – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rózsavirágúak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Розовидни – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Розовидни" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="റോസേൽസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോസേൽസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ვარდიშნერეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვარდიშნერეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ورديات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ورديات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales_(orde)" title="Rosales (orde) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rosales (orde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%A9%E7%9B%AE" title="バラ目 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バラ目" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruusenoortagen" title="Ruusenoortagen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruusenoortagen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roseordenen_(biologi)" title="Roseordenen (biologi) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Roseordenen (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roseordenen" title="Roseordenen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Roseordenen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%92" title="گلابورگے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گلابورگے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA%D3%A7%D1%80" title="Роза чукӧр – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Роза чукӧр" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCowce" title="Różowce – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Różowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Розоцветные – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Розоцветные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ipkovci" title="Šipkovci – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šipkovci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosordningen" title="Rosordningen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rosordningen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinejjikin" title="Tinejjikin – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tinejjikin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D3%99%D1%87%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Розачәчәклеләр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Розачәчәклеләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A" title="อันดับกุหลาบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อันดับกุหลาบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%96" title="Розоцвіті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Розоцвіті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99_Hoa_h%E1%BB%93ng" title="Bộ Hoa hồng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bộ Hoa hồng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Rosales" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosales_(Plantae)" title="Rosales (Plantae) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rosales (Plantae)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%94%B7%E8%96%87%E7%9B%AE" title="蔷薇目 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蔷薇目" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rosales_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rosales (disambiguation)">Rosales (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Rosales<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Cenomanian" title="Cenomanian">Cenomanian</a> - recent</span><sup id="cite_ref-mobot_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mobot-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:186.49230769231px; width:33.507692307692px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:186.49230769231px; width:33.507692307692px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:187.49230769231px; width:31.507692307692px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Illustration_Rosa_majalis0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Illustration_Rosa_majalis0.jpg/220px-Illustration_Rosa_majalis0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="359" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Illustration_Rosa_majalis0.jpg/330px-Illustration_Rosa_majalis0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Illustration_Rosa_majalis0.jpg/440px-Illustration_Rosa_majalis0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1483" data-file-height="2423" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Two rose plants, <a href="/wiki/Rosa_cinnamomea" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosa cinnamomea"><i>Rosa cinnamomea</i> L.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosa_rubiginosa" title="Rosa rubiginosa"><i>R. rubiginosa</i> L.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Rosales" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabids">Fabids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rosales</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Berchtold" title="Friedrich von Berchtold">Bercht.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jan_Svatopluk_Presl" title="Jan Svatopluk Presl">J.Presl</a><sup id="cite_ref-APGIII2009_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APGIII2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Families </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><a href="/wiki/Barbeyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeyaceae">Barbeyaceae</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Cannabaceae" title="Cannabaceae">Cannabaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">hemp</a> family)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Dirachmaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirachmaceae">Dirachmaceae</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Elaeagnaceae" title="Elaeagnaceae">Elaeagnaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oleaster" title="Oleaster">oleaster</a>/<a href="/wiki/Russian_olive" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian olive">Russian olive</a> family)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Moraceae" title="Moraceae">Moraceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mulberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry">mulberry</a> family)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Rhamnaceae" title="Rhamnaceae">Rhamnaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Buckthorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Buckthorn">buckthorn</a> family)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">rose</a> family)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Ulmaceae" title="Ulmaceae">Ulmaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Elm" title="Elm">elm</a> family)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Urticaceae" title="Urticaceae">Urticaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urtica" title="Urtica">nettle</a> family) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p>Rhamnales<br /> Rosanae<br /> Urticales<sup id="cite_ref-uniprot_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uniprot-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Rosales</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">roh-<span style="font-size:90%">ZAY</span>-leez</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a> of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-apwebrosales_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apwebrosales-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is <a href="/wiki/Sister_taxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister taxon">sister</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> consisting of <a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wang2009_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wang2009-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It contains about 7,700 <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>, distributed into about 260 <a href="/wiki/Genera" class="mw-redirect" title="Genera">genera</a>. Rosales comprise nine <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">families</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Type_(biology)" title="Type (biology)">type</a> family being the rose family, <a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a>. The largest of these families are <a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a> (91/4828) and <a href="/wiki/Urticaceae" title="Urticaceae">Urticaceae</a> (53/2625). The order Rosales is divided into three <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clades</a> that have never been assigned a <a href="/wiki/Taxonomic_rank" title="Taxonomic rank">taxonomic rank</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> clade consists of the family Rosaceae; another clade consists of four families, including <a href="/wiki/Rhamnaceae" title="Rhamnaceae">Rhamnaceae</a>; and the third clade consists of the four <a href="/wiki/Urticales" title="Urticales">urticalean</a> families.<sup id="cite_ref-soltis2011_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soltis2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The order Rosales is strongly <a href="/wiki/Resampling_(statistics)" title="Resampling (statistics)">supported</a> as <a href="/wiki/Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a> in <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetic">phylogenetic</a> analyses of <a href="/wiki/DNA_sequence" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA sequence">DNA sequences</a>, such as those carried out by members of the <a href="/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-judd2008_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-judd2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In their <a href="/wiki/APG_III_system" title="APG III system">APG III system</a> of <a href="/wiki/History_of_plant_systematics" title="History of plant systematics">plant classification</a>, they <a href="/wiki/Circumscription_(taxonomy)" title="Circumscription (taxonomy)">defined</a> Rosales as consisting of the nine families listed in the box on the right.<sup id="cite_ref-APGIII2009_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APGIII2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">relationships</a> of these families were uncertain until 2011, when they were resolved in a <a href="/wiki/Molecular_phylogenetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular phylogenetic">molecular phylogenetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">study</a> based on two <a href="/wiki/Cell_nucleus" title="Cell nucleus">nuclear</a> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a> and ten <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">chloroplast</a> genes.<sup id="cite_ref-zhang2011_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhang2011-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Well-known members of Rosales include: <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">roses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackberry" title="Blackberry">blackberries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">raspberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">pears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peaches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot">apricots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almonds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rowan" title="Rowan">rowan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crataegus" title="Crataegus">hawthorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jujube" title="Jujube">jujube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elm" title="Elm">elms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banyan" title="Banyan">banyans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ficus" title="Ficus">figs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morus_(plant)" title="Morus (plant)">mulberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">breadfruit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urtica" title="Urtica">nettles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humulus_lupulus" title="Humulus lupulus">hops</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosales&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the classification system of <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Dahlgren" title="Rolf Dahlgren">Dahlgren</a> the Rosales were in the <a href="/wiki/Superorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Superorder">superorder</a> Rosiflorae (also called Rosanae). In the obsolete <a href="/wiki/Cronquist_system" title="Cronquist system">Cronquist system</a>, the order Rosales was many times <a href="/wiki/Polyphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphyletic">polyphyletic</a>. It consisted of the family Rosaceae and 23 other families that are now placed in various other orders.<sup id="cite_ref-cronquist1981_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cronquist1981-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These families and their placement in the <a href="/wiki/APG_III_system" title="APG III system">APG III system</a> are:<sup id="cite_ref-APGIII2009_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APGIII2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alseuosmiaceae" title="Alseuosmiaceae">Alseuosmiaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisophylleaceae" title="Anisophylleaceae">Anisophylleaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunelliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunelliaceae">Brunelliaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruniaceae" title="Bruniaceae">Bruniaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Byblidaceae">Byblidaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephalotaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalotaceae">Cephalotaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysobalanaceae" title="Chrysobalanaceae">Chrysobalanaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columelliaceae" title="Columelliaceae">Columelliaceae</a> (Bruniales)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connaraceae" title="Connaraceae">Connaraceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crassulaceae" title="Crassulaceae">Crassulaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossosomataceae" title="Crossosomataceae">Crossosomataceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunoniaceae" title="Cunoniaceae">Cunoniaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a>)</li> <li>Davidsoniaceae (<a href="/wiki/Cunoniaceae" title="Cunoniaceae">Cunoniaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a>)</li> <li>Dialypetalanthaceae (<a href="/wiki/Rubiaceae" title="Rubiaceae">Rubiaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a>)</li> <li>Eucryphiaceae (<a href="/wiki/Cunoniaceae" title="Cunoniaceae">Cunoniaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a>)</li> <li>Greyiaceae (<a href="/wiki/Melianthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Melianthaceae">Melianthaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grossulariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grossulariaceae">Grossulariaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrangeaceae" title="Hydrangeaceae">Hydrangeaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuradaceae" title="Neuradaceae">Neuradaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittosporaceae" title="Pittosporaceae">Pittosporaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhabdodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhabdodendraceae">Rhabdodendraceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxifragaceae" title="Saxifragaceae">Saxifragaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surianaceae" title="Surianaceae">Surianaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosales&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Phylogeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">phylogenetic tree</a> is from a <a href="/wiki/Cladistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cladistic">cladistic</a> analysis of <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> that was published in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-zhang2011_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhang2011-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="line-height:75%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Rosales</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Rhamnaceae" title="Rhamnaceae">Rhamnaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Elaeagnaceae" title="Elaeagnaceae">Elaeagnaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Barbeyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeyaceae">Barbeyaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Dirachmaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirachmaceae">Dirachmaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> urticalean rosids   </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ulmaceae" title="Ulmaceae">Ulmaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Cannabaceae" title="Cannabaceae">Cannabaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Moraceae" title="Moraceae">Moraceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Urticaceae" title="Urticaceae">Urticaceae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosales&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Different plants that fall under the order Rosales grow in many different parts of the world. They can be found in <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">the mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">the tropics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">the arctic.</a> Even though you can find a member of the order Rosales nearly anywhere, the specific families grow in different specific <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geographical locations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anemophily" title="Anemophily">Wind-pollination</a> is the way that the majority of the families that fall under the order Rosales (including <a href="/wiki/Moraceae" title="Moraceae">Moraceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulmaceae" title="Ulmaceae">Ulmaceae</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Urticaceae" title="Urticaceae">Urticaceae</a> etc.) pollinate.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Importance">Importance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosales&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the order Rosales is the family <a href="/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a>, which includes numerous species that are cultivated for their fruit, making this one of the most economically important families of plants. Fruit produced by members of this family include apples, pears, plums, peaches, cherries, almonds, strawberries, blackberries and raspberries. Many ornamental species of plant are also in the family Rosaceae, including the rose after which the family and order were named. The <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">rose</a>, considered a symbol of love in many cultures, is featured prominently in poetry and <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern garden varieties of roses such as hybrid teas, floribunda, and grandifora, originated from complex hybrids of several separate wild species native to different regions of Eurasia. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Moraceae" title="Moraceae">Moraceae</a> also produce important fruits, such as <a href="/wiki/Mulberries" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberries">mulberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Figs" class="mw-redirect" title="Figs">figs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">jackfruits</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Breadfruits" class="mw-redirect" title="Breadfruits">breadfruits</a>, and the leaves of the mulberry provide food for the silkworms used in commercial silk production.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The wood from the black cherry (<i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_serotina" title="Prunus serotina">Prunus serotina</a></i>) and sweet cherry (<i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_avium" title="Prunus avium">P. avium</a></i>) is used to make high quality furniture due to its color and ability to be bent.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">Cannabis</a> plant has been highly prized for millennia for its <a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">hemp</a>, which has numerous uses. Other varieties of <i>Cannabis</i> are <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">grown as a drug</a>. </p><p>Plants in the order Rosales were used in the traditional <a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">medicines</a> of many cultures. <a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">Medical cannabis</a> has been recognized for its pharmaceutical use. The latex of some species of fig trees contains the enzyme <a href="/wiki/Ficin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ficin">ficin</a>, which is effective in killing roundworms that infect the intestinal tracts of animals.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosales&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mobot-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mobot_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/rosalesweb.htm">"Rosales"</a>. <i>www.mobot.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mobot.org&rft.atitle=Rosales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mobot.org%2FMOBOT%2Fresearch%2FAPweb%2Forders%2Frosalesweb.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APGIII2009-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-APGIII2009_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-APGIII2009_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-APGIII2009_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngiosperm_Phylogeny_Group2009" class="citation journal cs1">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x">"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"</a>. <i>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</i>. <b>161</b> (2): 105–121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x">10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10654%2F18083">10654/18083</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botanical+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=An+update+of+the+Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group+classification+for+the+orders+and+families+of+flowering+plants%3A+APG+III&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=105-121&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10654%2F18083&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x&rft.au=Angiosperm+Phylogeny+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uniprot-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uniprot_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniProt" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beta.uniprot.org/taxonomy/3744">"Order <b>Rosales</b>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Order+Rosales&rft.au=UniProt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeta.uniprot.org%2Ftaxonomy%2F3744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Rosales">"Rosales"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Rosales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FRosales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apwebrosales-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-apwebrosales_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Peter_F._Stevens" title="Peter F. Stevens">Peter F. Stevens</a> (2001 onwards). "Rosales". At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see <i>External links</i> below)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wang2009-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wang2009_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHengchang_WangMichael_J._MoorePamela_S._SoltisCharles_D._Bell2009" class="citation cs2">Hengchang Wang; Michael J. Moore; <a href="/wiki/Pamela_S._Soltis" title="Pamela S. Soltis">Pamela S. Soltis</a>; Charles D. Bell; Samuel F. Brockington; Roolse Alexandre; Charles C. Davis; Maribeth Latvis; Steven R. Manchester & <a href="/wiki/Douglas_E._Soltis" title="Douglas E. Soltis">Douglas E. Soltis</a> (10 Mar 2009), "Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests", <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>, <b>106</b> (10): 3853–3858, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.3853W">2009PNAS..106.3853W</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0813376106">10.1073/pnas.0813376106</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2644257">2644257</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19223592">19223592</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Rosid+radiation+and+the+rapid+rise+of+angiosperm-dominated+forests&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=3853-3858&rft.date=2009-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2644257%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19223592&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0813376106&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009PNAS..106.3853W&rft.au=Hengchang+Wang&rft.au=Michael+J.+Moore&rft.au=Pamela+S.+Soltis&rft.au=Charles+D.+Bell&rft.au=Samuel+F.+Brockington&rft.au=Roolse+Alexandre&rft.au=Charles+C.+Davis&rft.au=Maribeth+Latvis&rft.au=Steven+R.+Manchester&rft.au=Douglas+E.+Soltis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-soltis2011-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-soltis2011_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Douglas E. Soltis, et alii. (28 authors). 2011. "Angiosperm Phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa". <i>American Journal of Botany</i> <b>98</b>(4):704-730. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3732%2Fajb.1000404">10.3732/ajb.1000404</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-judd2008-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-judd2008_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walter S. Judd, Christopher S. Campbell, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Anne_Kellogg" title="Elizabeth Anne Kellogg">Elizabeth A. Kellogg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_F._Stevens" title="Peter F. Stevens">Peter F. Stevens</a>, and Michael J. Donoghue. 2008. <i>Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach</i>, Third Edition. Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA, US. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87893-407-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87893-407-2">978-0-87893-407-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zhang2011-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zhang2011_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zhang2011_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShu-dong_ZhangSoltisYangTing-shuang2011" class="citation journal cs1">Shu-dong Zhang, De-zhu Li; <a href="/wiki/Douglas_E._Soltis" title="Douglas E. Soltis">Soltis, Douglas E.</a>; Yang, Yang; Ting-shuang, Yi (July 2011). "Multi-gene analysis provides a well-supported phylogeny of Rosales". <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i>. <b>60</b> (1): 21–28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2011.04.008">10.1016/j.ympev.2011.04.008</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21540119">21540119</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Multi-gene+analysis+provides+a+well-supported+phylogeny+of+Rosales&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=21-28&rft.date=2011-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2011.04.008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21540119&rft.aulast=Shu-dong+Zhang&rft.aufirst=De-zhu+Li&rft.au=Soltis%2C+Douglas+E.&rft.au=Yang%2C+Yang&rft.au=Ting-shuang%2C+Yi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cronquist1981-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cronquist1981_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_John_Cronquist" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur John Cronquist">Arthur John Cronquist</a>. 1981. <i>An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants</i>. Columbia University Press: New York, NY, US. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-03880-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-03880-5">978-0-231-03880-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/plant/Rosales">"Rosales | plant order"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rosales+%7C+plant+order&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplant%2FRosales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW." class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Wayne_Chase" title="Mark Wayne Chase">W., Chase, Mark</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessscience.com/content/593700">"Rosales"</a>. <i>AccessScience</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1036%2F1097-8542.593700">10.1036/1097-8542.593700</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AccessScience&rft.atitle=Rosales&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1036%2F1097-8542.593700&rft.aulast=W.&rft.aufirst=Chase%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessscience.com%2Fcontent%2F593700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosales" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosales&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rosales" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rosales">Rosales</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/14px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/20px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/27px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> Data related to <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Rosales" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/Rosales">Rosales</a> at Wikispecies</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/Rosalesweb.htm#Rosales">Rosales</a> <span style="color:green;"> At: </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/treeapweb2map.html">Trees</a> <span style="color:green;"> At: </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/welcome.html">Angiosperm Phylogeny Website</a> <span style="color:green;"> At: </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mobot.org">Missouri Botanical Garden Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plantlifeforms.com/Orders239/ROSE_AND_ALLIES_ROSALES_50390371_239.aspx?txtSearch=rosales">Rosales – Plant Life Forms</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=24057">"Rosales"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rosales&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D24057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosales" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Acrogymnospermae_classification" title="Template:Acrogymnospermae classification">Acrogymnospermae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Angiosperm_families" title="Template:Angiosperm families">Angiospermae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3;;width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amborella" title="Amborella">Amborellales</a>¹</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a>¹</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Austrobaileyales</a>¹</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Mesangiospermae" title="Mesangiospermae">Mesangiosperms</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloranthaceae" title="Chloranthaceae">Chloranthales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllaceae" title="Ceratophyllaceae">Ceratophyllales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">Magnoliids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canellales" title="Canellales">Canellales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperales" title="Piperales">Piperales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acorus" title="Acorus">Acorales</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alismatales" title="Alismatales">Alismatales</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosaviaceae" title="Petrosaviaceae">Petrosaviales</a>³</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioscoreales" title="Dioscoreales">Dioscoreales</a>³</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandanales" title="Pandanales">Pandanales</a>³</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a>³</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a>³</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Commelinids" title="Commelinids">Commelinids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commelinales" title="Commelinales">Commelinales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingiberales" title="Zingiberales">Zingiberales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trochodendraceae" title="Trochodendraceae">Trochodendrales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Core_eudicots" class="mw-redirect" title="Core eudicots">Core eudicots</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunnerales" title="Gunnerales">Gunnerales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilleniales" title="Dilleniales">Dilleniales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Superrosids" title="Superrosids">Superrosids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitaceae" title="Vitaceae">Vitales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Fabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabids">Fabids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zygophyllales" title="Zygophyllales">Zygophyllales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rosales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Malvids" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvids">Malvids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picramniaceae" title="Picramniaceae">Picramniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Superasterids" title="Superasterids">Superasterids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Campanulids" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanulids">Campanulids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquifoliales" title="Aquifoliales">Aquifoliales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalloniaceae" title="Escalloniaceae">Escalloniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracryphiaceae" title="Paracryphiaceae">Paracryphiales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Lamiids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamiids">Lamiids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Icacinales" title="Icacinales">Icacinales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metteniusaceae" title="Metteniusaceae">Metteniusales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garryales" title="Garryales">Garryales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boraginales" title="Boraginales">Boraginales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahlia" title="Vahlia">Vahliales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flower_poster_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flower_poster_2.jpg/140px-Flower_poster_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flower_poster_2.jpg/210px-Flower_poster_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flower_poster_2.jpg/280px-Flower_poster_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4462" data-file-height="5932" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#C3EEC3;"><div> <ul><li>¹<a href="/wiki/Basal_angiosperms" title="Basal angiosperms">Basal angiosperms</a></li> <li>²<a href="/wiki/Alismatid_monocots" title="Alismatid monocots">Alismatids</a></li> <li>³<a href="/wiki/Lilioid_monocots" title="Lilioid monocots">Lilioids</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Angiosperm_orders" title="Category:Angiosperm orders">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Rosales</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21895" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q21895">Q21895</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rosales" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Rosales">Rosales</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/214992">214992</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=43434">43434</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8ZXHZ">8ZXHZ</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/4385">4385</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1ROSO">1ROSO</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/691">691</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/47132">47132</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10554">10554</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=24057">24057</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0021060391">NHMSYS0021060391</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=3744">3744</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/416d4e04-3237-4f72-8835-b589ebac570e">416d4e04-3237-4f72-8835-b589ebac570e</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=208031">208031</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54921">54921</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plazi" title="Plazi">Plazi</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C5B5711-B4ED-63AC-2664-6F5D2FC7AEDE">8C5B5711-B4ED-63AC-2664-6F5D2FC7AEDE</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/43000053">43000053</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/61">61</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Herbarium_of_Victoria" title="National Herbarium of Victoria">VicFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/2fda5cd8-0695-4792-83e8-4fa7878b4a0b">2fda5cd8-0695-4792-83e8-4fa7878b4a0b</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-9000000467">wfo-9000000467</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=414693">414693</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21895#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rosales"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85115401">United 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