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Masina" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/147321/494436/622293/s200_pietro_p..masina.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Pietro P. Masina</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://unior.academia.edu/">Università Degli Studi di Napoli "L'Orientale"</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://unior.academia.edu/Departments/Human_and_Social_Sciences/Documents">Human and Social Sciences</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/">University of Cambridge</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/Departments/Centre_for_History_and_Economics/Documents">Centre for History and Economics</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Research Visitor</span></div><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/">University of Cambridge</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/Departments/Clare_Hall/Documents">Clare Hall</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Life Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Pietro P." data-follow-user-id="147321" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="147321"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">721</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">598</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">4</p></div></a><div class="js-mentions-count-container" style="display: none;"><a href="/PietroPMasina/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data"></p></div></a></div><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Pietro P. Masina is Professor of East Asian history at the University of Naples L’Orientale and Life Member of Clare Hall college, University of Cambridge. He is currently Editor-in-chief of the European Journal of East Asian Studies. He has been Secretary and then Chairman of the European Association for Southeast Asian Studies (EuroSEAS). He has coordinated several international research projects on social and economic development in Southeast Asia. His publications include: Rethinking Development in East Asia, RoutledgeCurzon, 2002; Vietnam’s Development Strategies, Routldge, 2006; La Cina alle Nazioni Unite (China at the United Nations), Carocci, 2012; Il Sud Est Asiatico in Trappola: Storia di un miracolo mancato (Southeast Asia in Trap: History of a Missed Miracle), Nuova Cultura, 2013.<br /><span class="u-fw700">Phone: </span>+39 081 6909436<br /><b>Address: </b>Dept. Human and Social Sciences University of Naples L'Orientale <br />Largo S. 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Masina</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45435011"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45435011/An_Uneven_Development_Trap_in_Southeast_Asia_and_Its_Implications_for_Labor"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Uneven Development Trap in Southeast Asia and Its Implications for Labor" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65945008/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45435011/An_Uneven_Development_Trap_in_Southeast_Asia_and_Its_Implications_for_Labor">An Uneven Development Trap in Southeast Asia and Its Implications for Labor</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>SEARCHING FOR WORK Small-Scale Mobility and Unskilled Labor in Southeast Asia</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A number of Southeast Asian countries have recently been described as stacked in a "middle-income...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A number of Southeast Asian countries have recently been described as stacked in a "middle-income trap" by the same scholars and institutions (notably, the World Bank) that had previously presented the same countries as part of an Asian Miracle. This study contest both definitions, looking instead at the dependent nature of industrialisation in  Southeast Asia from a labour perspective.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="162e48145663d373e2b2b40956dc4283" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65945008,"asset_id":45435011,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65945008/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45435011"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45435011"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45435011; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45435011]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45435011]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45435011; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45435011']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "162e48145663d373e2b2b40956dc4283" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=45435011]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":45435011,"title":"An Uneven Development Trap in Southeast Asia and Its Implications for Labor","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45435011/An_Uneven_Development_Trap_in_Southeast_Asia_and_Its_Implications_for_Labor","owner_id":147321,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":147321,"first_name":"Pietro P.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Masina","page_name":"PietroPMasina","domain_name":"unior","created_at":"2010-03-18T19:38:50.397-07:00","display_name":"Pietro P. 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From 1947 to 1971 the People's Republ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">China and the United Nations: from exclusion to veto power. From 1947 to 1971 the People's Republic of China was excluded from the United Nations, while the Chinese seat (including in the Security Council) was occupied by Taipei. This evident paradox strongly reduced the ability of the United Nations to mediate international conflicts and undermined the authority of the international body. The book analyses the events that for over 20 years prevented to resolve the question of the Chinese representation and discusses how eventually the impasse was resolved in 1971</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4a035c110e62fc104731a47efac5996e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46102074,"asset_id":2215581,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46102074/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2215581"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2215581"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2215581; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2215581]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2215581]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2215581; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2215581']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4a035c110e62fc104731a47efac5996e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2215581]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2215581,"title":"La Cina e Le Nazioni Unite: dall'esclusione al potere di veto","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"China and the United Nations: from exclusion to veto power. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Pietro P. Masina</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123203860"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123203860/Myanmar_2015_Political_turning_point_economic_and_social_challenges"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Myanmar 2015: Political turning point, economic and social challenges" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/123203860/Myanmar_2015_Political_turning_point_economic_and_social_challenges">Myanmar 2015: Political turning point, economic and social challenges</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Asia maior/Asia Maior</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123203860"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123203860"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123203860; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123203860]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123203860]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123203860; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123203860']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123203860]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123203860,"title":"Myanmar 2015: Political turning point, economic and social challenges","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123203860/Myanmar_2015_Political_turning_point_economic_and_social_challenges","owner_id":147321,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":147321,"first_name":"Pietro P.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Masina","page_name":"PietroPMasina","domain_name":"unior","created_at":"2010-03-18T19:38:50.397-07:00","display_name":"Pietro P. 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Invitations-which are made by the Director of t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Authors publish in Asia Maior only on invitation. Invitations-which are made by the Director of the journal, after consulting the editorial board-are based on the invitee's curriculum vitae and his/her previous publications. 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The...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In May 2014 the Thai army sized power from the elected government led by Yingluck Shinawatra. The military coup promised to restore peace and harmony in the country and to allow political elections within one or two years. However, in 2018 Thailand was still under military rule and elections were expected only for early 2019. Before returning the power to a civilian government, the army tried to complete a comprehensive reform of Thai politics and economy – enforcing a new constitution, creating new parties, promoting a long-term economic strategy. These reforms had the objective to allow pro-junta political forces to win elections or, in any case, to constraint the action of future governments. Two initiatives in the economic sphere where expected to create consensus for the juntasponsored political party: the launch of the Eastern Economic Corridor, promoting infrastructural development in the national key industrial area in order to increase FDI attraction; and the adhesion of Thailand to the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership (the trade agreement that replaced the TPP after the US pull-out).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111680382"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111680382"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680382; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680382]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680382]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680382; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111680382']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111680382]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111680382,"title":"Thailand 2018: A country suspended between an illiberal regime and the hope of a democratic transition","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111680382/Thailand_2018_A_country_suspended_between_an_illiberal_regime_and_the_hope_of_a_democratic_transition","owner_id":147321,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":147321,"first_name":"Pietro P.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Masina","page_name":"PietroPMasina","domain_name":"unior","created_at":"2010-03-18T19:38:50.397-07:00","display_name":"Pietro P. Masina","url":"https://unior.academia.edu/PietroPMasina"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111680381"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680381/Street_Children_in_Vietnam_An_Inquire_into_the_Roots_of_Poverty_and_Survival_Livelihoods_Strategies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Street Children in Vietnam: An Inquire into the Roots of Poverty and Survival Livelihoods Strategies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109145983/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680381/Street_Children_in_Vietnam_An_Inquire_into_the_Roots_of_Poverty_and_Survival_Livelihoods_Strategies">Street Children in Vietnam: An Inquire into the Roots of Poverty and Survival Livelihoods Strategies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="138b66c5f86aa73a6fb3d39b4d4d7e11" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109145983,"asset_id":111680381,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109145983/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111680381"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111680381"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680381; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680381]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680381]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680381; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111680381']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "138b66c5f86aa73a6fb3d39b4d4d7e11" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111680381]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111680381,"title":"Street Children in Vietnam: An Inquire into the Roots of Poverty and Survival Livelihoods Strategies","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111680381/Street_Children_in_Vietnam_An_Inquire_into_the_Roots_of_Poverty_and_Survival_Livelihoods_Strategies","owner_id":147321,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":147321,"first_name":"Pietro P.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Masina","page_name":"PietroPMasina","domain_name":"unior","created_at":"2010-03-18T19:38:50.397-07:00","display_name":"Pietro P. Masina","url":"https://unior.academia.edu/PietroPMasina"},"attachments":[{"id":109145983,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109145983/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"street-children-in-vietnam-survival-strategies.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109145983/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Street_Children_in_Vietnam_An_Inquire_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109145983/street-children-in-vietnam-survival-strategies-libre.pdf?1702870346=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DStreet_Children_in_Vietnam_An_Inquire_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1739677775\u0026Signature=XhaxrhDoGGe~P~YAsYiwzQidipaIJu1mPaeSglCZ8b8zxfZdfjTnTebnIdjShxsjaoU2pzI9dKt16QQg~-cY~BDY5sLYgSUOmXjoiG7icscaaMX5qtlbFfAKQyd1-LthtvfFjJ15-7rPsRkYHsnzdmbkn~cdD1HunnEyWiQBKnx0ZuSPHeOYt0ydEeXwYQVp6TcNKDmGWo58PfGYXQ-PGbkcSAIrviFezPFL7yb7ayuNXk9cqLhfGXtsHsfBxjhyWT4QuDem8m44SAwRhPJlfPPfFt7jup5gz3HuBRTcc6n63u-dtf7NqyQSk61PPYRAgWkassjSNJ2nvy0f~ay-2Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111680380"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680380/Flying_Geese_and_Middle_Income_Trap_An_Analysis_on_Vietnam"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Flying Geese and Middle-Income Trap: An Analysis on Vietnam" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680380/Flying_Geese_and_Middle_Income_Trap_An_Analysis_on_Vietnam">Flying Geese and Middle-Income Trap: An Analysis on Vietnam</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>L'industria</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Among the countries identified by the 1993 World Bank report as part of an «East Asianmiracle» th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Among the countries identified by the 1993 World Bank report as part of an «East Asianmiracle» three were singled out as the most suitable models for successful economic development - Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand (asean3). While the first generation of East Asian industrializers had relied on strong state intervention, these Southeast Asian economies were prized for their relatively liberal FDI attraction and trade policies. Today, however, it is evident that the asean3 have failed to repeat the economic success of South Korea and Taiwan. Rather, they seem to be victim of a so-called «middle-income trap», that is, their industrial production continues to be dependent on foreign technology and management. The article discusses the case of Vietnam against this critical background. While Vietnam has been often presented as a promising &quot;fifth&quot; Asian tiger, there is a wide evidence to suggest that it may be trapped in the same unfavorable dynamics affecting the asean3.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111680380"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111680380"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680380; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680380]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680380]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680380; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111680380']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111680380]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111680380,"title":"Flying Geese and Middle-Income Trap: An Analysis on Vietnam","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111680380/Flying_Geese_and_Middle_Income_Trap_An_Analysis_on_Vietnam","owner_id":147321,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":147321,"first_name":"Pietro P.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Masina","page_name":"PietroPMasina","domain_name":"unior","created_at":"2010-03-18T19:38:50.397-07:00","display_name":"Pietro P. Masina","url":"https://unior.academia.edu/PietroPMasina"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111680379"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680379/Vietnam_after_the_regional_economic_crisis_Reflections_on_development_strategies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Vietnam after the regional economic crisis: Reflections on development strategies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109145956/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680379/Vietnam_after_the_regional_economic_crisis_Reflections_on_development_strategies">Vietnam after the regional economic crisis: Reflections on development strategies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. A usual qualification applies: more people have helped me in this work than those I can name here. Some have helped me directly in the process of collecting and analysing data; others have helped me indirectly in getting closer to the concrete reality of life of Vietnam. I am in debt with scholars and colleagues (Vietnamese and foreigners), but also with the Vietnamese friends who have shared with me their time and their knowledge. I feel that I have as well a debt of gratitude with the many Vietnamese that over the years-during interviews, field studies, but also in the everyday life-have thought me to love their beautiful country.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="59390ebb6c16dd7a09e9d78fd342ff45" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109145956,"asset_id":111680379,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109145956/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111680379"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111680379"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680379; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680379]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680379]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680379; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111680379']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "59390ebb6c16dd7a09e9d78fd342ff45" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111680379]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111680379,"title":"Vietnam after the regional economic crisis: Reflections on development strategies","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. A usual qualification applies: more people have helped me in this work than those I can name here. Some have helped me directly in the process of collecting and analysing data; others have helped me indirectly in getting closer to the concrete reality of life of Vietnam. I am in debt with scholars and colleagues (Vietnamese and foreigners), but also with the Vietnamese friends who have shared with me their time and their knowledge. I feel that I have as well a debt of gratitude with the many Vietnamese that over the years-during interviews, field studies, but also in the everyday life-have thought me to love their beautiful country.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2003,"errors":{}},"grobid_abstract_attachment_id":109145956},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111680379/Vietnam_after_the_regional_economic_crisis_Reflections_on_development_strategies","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-17T18:55:57.008-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":147321,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":109145956,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109145956/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Vietnam_after_the.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109145956/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Vietnam_after_the_regional_economic_cris.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109145956/Vietnam_after_the-libre.pdf?1702870679=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVietnam_after_the_regional_economic_cris.pdf\u0026Expires=1738766275\u0026Signature=P4TvWkjdDwBrVA~Yft1BFUJZRLHK553j9GN0YTRhoLO1W~~Zamh7AbPW6qik48K63Px6~X7rAR0q8Ceii9pGDIb1EIh-M~bfFoSLrFSMxG9wpXdZSyYb7LLzAXZMrRrkcSRNG7ai2-r0pD4lQYNTVGUDCgtmYczGKXdlZwFv6URcQo5oTb-kQe1p99oyA6hXvF2GSx5YrXo-vdPlxC1PT4lqAj4QwAsUldD1OeAPl0oIdOeN1fzeu350HoLRMIkMxjZ-G-AVZgJ2YOPiu19y~bYEBXMKjSSWUJ23j186tbyayqeFTxRQbwxYKY3RNDKNxDvZ7-b4dbxvuxC1RyetXw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Vietnam_after_the_regional_economic_crisis_Reflections_on_development_strategies","translated_slug":"","page_count":164,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. A usual qualification applies: more people have helped me in this work than those I can name here. Some have helped me directly in the process of collecting and analysing data; others have helped me indirectly in getting closer to the concrete reality of life of Vietnam. I am in debt with scholars and colleagues (Vietnamese and foreigners), but also with the Vietnamese friends who have shared with me their time and their knowledge. I feel that I have as well a debt of gratitude with the many Vietnamese that over the years-during interviews, field studies, but also in the everyday life-have thought me to love their beautiful country.","owner":{"id":147321,"first_name":"Pietro P.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Masina","page_name":"PietroPMasina","domain_name":"unior","created_at":"2010-03-18T19:38:50.397-07:00","display_name":"Pietro P. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111680378"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680378/Southeast_Asia_the_Middle_Income_Trap_and_the_World_Bank_a_critique_of_neoclassical_mythology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Southeast Asia, the Middle-Income Trap, and the World Bank: a critique of neoclassical mythology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109145964/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680378/Southeast_Asia_the_Middle_Income_Trap_and_the_World_Bank_a_critique_of_neoclassical_mythology">Southeast Asia, the Middle-Income Trap, and the World Bank: a critique of neoclassical mythology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7e1e87ee7af848159e42dc1958396d93" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109145964,"asset_id":111680378,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109145964/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111680378"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111680378"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680378; 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This study contest both definitions, looking instead at the dependent nature of industrialisation in  Southeast Asia from a labour perspective.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="162e48145663d373e2b2b40956dc4283" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65945008,"asset_id":45435011,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65945008/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45435011"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45435011"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45435011; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45435011]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45435011]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45435011; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45435011']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "162e48145663d373e2b2b40956dc4283" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=45435011]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":45435011,"title":"An Uneven Development Trap in Southeast Asia and Its Implications for Labor","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45435011/An_Uneven_Development_Trap_in_Southeast_Asia_and_Its_Implications_for_Labor","owner_id":147321,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":147321,"first_name":"Pietro P.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Masina","page_name":"PietroPMasina","domain_name":"unior","created_at":"2010-03-18T19:38:50.397-07:00","display_name":"Pietro P. 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From 1947 to 1971 the People's Republ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">China and the United Nations: from exclusion to veto power. From 1947 to 1971 the People's Republic of China was excluded from the United Nations, while the Chinese seat (including in the Security Council) was occupied by Taipei. This evident paradox strongly reduced the ability of the United Nations to mediate international conflicts and undermined the authority of the international body. The book analyses the events that for over 20 years prevented to resolve the question of the Chinese representation and discusses how eventually the impasse was resolved in 1971</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4a035c110e62fc104731a47efac5996e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46102074,"asset_id":2215581,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46102074/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2215581"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2215581"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2215581; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2215581]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2215581]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2215581; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2215581']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4a035c110e62fc104731a47efac5996e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2215581]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2215581,"title":"La Cina e Le Nazioni Unite: dall'esclusione al potere di veto","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"China and the United Nations: from exclusion to veto power. 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The...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In May 2014 the Thai army sized power from the elected government led by Yingluck Shinawatra. The military coup promised to restore peace and harmony in the country and to allow political elections within one or two years. However, in 2018 Thailand was still under military rule and elections were expected only for early 2019. Before returning the power to a civilian government, the army tried to complete a comprehensive reform of Thai politics and economy – enforcing a new constitution, creating new parties, promoting a long-term economic strategy. These reforms had the objective to allow pro-junta political forces to win elections or, in any case, to constraint the action of future governments. Two initiatives in the economic sphere where expected to create consensus for the juntasponsored political party: the launch of the Eastern Economic Corridor, promoting infrastructural development in the national key industrial area in order to increase FDI attraction; and the adhesion of Thailand to the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership (the trade agreement that replaced the TPP after the US pull-out).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111680382"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111680382"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680382; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680382]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680382]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680382; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111680382']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111680382]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111680382,"title":"Thailand 2018: A country suspended between an illiberal regime and the hope of a democratic transition","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111680382/Thailand_2018_A_country_suspended_between_an_illiberal_regime_and_the_hope_of_a_democratic_transition","owner_id":147321,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":147321,"first_name":"Pietro P.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Masina","page_name":"PietroPMasina","domain_name":"unior","created_at":"2010-03-18T19:38:50.397-07:00","display_name":"Pietro P. Masina","url":"https://unior.academia.edu/PietroPMasina"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111680381"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680381/Street_Children_in_Vietnam_An_Inquire_into_the_Roots_of_Poverty_and_Survival_Livelihoods_Strategies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Street Children in Vietnam: An Inquire into the Roots of Poverty and Survival Livelihoods Strategies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109145983/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680381/Street_Children_in_Vietnam_An_Inquire_into_the_Roots_of_Poverty_and_Survival_Livelihoods_Strategies">Street Children in Vietnam: An Inquire into the Roots of Poverty and Survival Livelihoods Strategies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="138b66c5f86aa73a6fb3d39b4d4d7e11" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109145983,"asset_id":111680381,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109145983/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111680381"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111680381"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680381; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680381]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680381]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680381; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111680381']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "138b66c5f86aa73a6fb3d39b4d4d7e11" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111680381]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111680381,"title":"Street Children in Vietnam: An Inquire into the Roots of Poverty and Survival Livelihoods Strategies","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111680381/Street_Children_in_Vietnam_An_Inquire_into_the_Roots_of_Poverty_and_Survival_Livelihoods_Strategies","owner_id":147321,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":147321,"first_name":"Pietro P.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Masina","page_name":"PietroPMasina","domain_name":"unior","created_at":"2010-03-18T19:38:50.397-07:00","display_name":"Pietro P. Masina","url":"https://unior.academia.edu/PietroPMasina"},"attachments":[{"id":109145983,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109145983/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"street-children-in-vietnam-survival-strategies.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109145983/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Street_Children_in_Vietnam_An_Inquire_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109145983/street-children-in-vietnam-survival-strategies-libre.pdf?1702870346=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DStreet_Children_in_Vietnam_An_Inquire_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1739677775\u0026Signature=XhaxrhDoGGe~P~YAsYiwzQidipaIJu1mPaeSglCZ8b8zxfZdfjTnTebnIdjShxsjaoU2pzI9dKt16QQg~-cY~BDY5sLYgSUOmXjoiG7icscaaMX5qtlbFfAKQyd1-LthtvfFjJ15-7rPsRkYHsnzdmbkn~cdD1HunnEyWiQBKnx0ZuSPHeOYt0ydEeXwYQVp6TcNKDmGWo58PfGYXQ-PGbkcSAIrviFezPFL7yb7ayuNXk9cqLhfGXtsHsfBxjhyWT4QuDem8m44SAwRhPJlfPPfFt7jup5gz3HuBRTcc6n63u-dtf7NqyQSk61PPYRAgWkassjSNJ2nvy0f~ay-2Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111680380"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680380/Flying_Geese_and_Middle_Income_Trap_An_Analysis_on_Vietnam"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Flying Geese and Middle-Income Trap: An Analysis on Vietnam" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680380/Flying_Geese_and_Middle_Income_Trap_An_Analysis_on_Vietnam">Flying Geese and Middle-Income Trap: An Analysis on Vietnam</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>L'industria</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Among the countries identified by the 1993 World Bank report as part of an «East Asianmiracle» th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Among the countries identified by the 1993 World Bank report as part of an «East Asianmiracle» three were singled out as the most suitable models for successful economic development - Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand (asean3). While the first generation of East Asian industrializers had relied on strong state intervention, these Southeast Asian economies were prized for their relatively liberal FDI attraction and trade policies. Today, however, it is evident that the asean3 have failed to repeat the economic success of South Korea and Taiwan. Rather, they seem to be victim of a so-called «middle-income trap», that is, their industrial production continues to be dependent on foreign technology and management. The article discusses the case of Vietnam against this critical background. While Vietnam has been often presented as a promising &quot;fifth&quot; Asian tiger, there is a wide evidence to suggest that it may be trapped in the same unfavorable dynamics affecting the asean3.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111680380"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111680380"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680380; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680380]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680380]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680380; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111680380']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111680380]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111680380,"title":"Flying Geese and Middle-Income Trap: An Analysis on Vietnam","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111680380/Flying_Geese_and_Middle_Income_Trap_An_Analysis_on_Vietnam","owner_id":147321,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":147321,"first_name":"Pietro P.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Masina","page_name":"PietroPMasina","domain_name":"unior","created_at":"2010-03-18T19:38:50.397-07:00","display_name":"Pietro P. Masina","url":"https://unior.academia.edu/PietroPMasina"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111680379"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680379/Vietnam_after_the_regional_economic_crisis_Reflections_on_development_strategies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Vietnam after the regional economic crisis: Reflections on development strategies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109145956/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680379/Vietnam_after_the_regional_economic_crisis_Reflections_on_development_strategies">Vietnam after the regional economic crisis: Reflections on development strategies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. A usual qualification applies: more people have helped me in this work than those I can name here. Some have helped me directly in the process of collecting and analysing data; others have helped me indirectly in getting closer to the concrete reality of life of Vietnam. I am in debt with scholars and colleagues (Vietnamese and foreigners), but also with the Vietnamese friends who have shared with me their time and their knowledge. I feel that I have as well a debt of gratitude with the many Vietnamese that over the years-during interviews, field studies, but also in the everyday life-have thought me to love their beautiful country.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="59390ebb6c16dd7a09e9d78fd342ff45" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109145956,"asset_id":111680379,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109145956/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111680379"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111680379"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680379; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680379]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680379]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680379; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111680379']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "59390ebb6c16dd7a09e9d78fd342ff45" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111680379]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111680379,"title":"Vietnam after the regional economic crisis: Reflections on development strategies","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. A usual qualification applies: more people have helped me in this work than those I can name here. Some have helped me directly in the process of collecting and analysing data; others have helped me indirectly in getting closer to the concrete reality of life of Vietnam. I am in debt with scholars and colleagues (Vietnamese and foreigners), but also with the Vietnamese friends who have shared with me their time and their knowledge. I feel that I have as well a debt of gratitude with the many Vietnamese that over the years-during interviews, field studies, but also in the everyday life-have thought me to love their beautiful country.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2003,"errors":{}},"grobid_abstract_attachment_id":109145956},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111680379/Vietnam_after_the_regional_economic_crisis_Reflections_on_development_strategies","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-17T18:55:57.008-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":147321,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":109145956,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109145956/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Vietnam_after_the.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109145956/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Vietnam_after_the_regional_economic_cris.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/109145956/Vietnam_after_the-libre.pdf?1702870679=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVietnam_after_the_regional_economic_cris.pdf\u0026Expires=1738766275\u0026Signature=P4TvWkjdDwBrVA~Yft1BFUJZRLHK553j9GN0YTRhoLO1W~~Zamh7AbPW6qik48K63Px6~X7rAR0q8Ceii9pGDIb1EIh-M~bfFoSLrFSMxG9wpXdZSyYb7LLzAXZMrRrkcSRNG7ai2-r0pD4lQYNTVGUDCgtmYczGKXdlZwFv6URcQo5oTb-kQe1p99oyA6hXvF2GSx5YrXo-vdPlxC1PT4lqAj4QwAsUldD1OeAPl0oIdOeN1fzeu350HoLRMIkMxjZ-G-AVZgJ2YOPiu19y~bYEBXMKjSSWUJ23j186tbyayqeFTxRQbwxYKY3RNDKNxDvZ7-b4dbxvuxC1RyetXw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Vietnam_after_the_regional_economic_crisis_Reflections_on_development_strategies","translated_slug":"","page_count":164,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. A usual qualification applies: more people have helped me in this work than those I can name here. Some have helped me directly in the process of collecting and analysing data; others have helped me indirectly in getting closer to the concrete reality of life of Vietnam. I am in debt with scholars and colleagues (Vietnamese and foreigners), but also with the Vietnamese friends who have shared with me their time and their knowledge. I feel that I have as well a debt of gratitude with the many Vietnamese that over the years-during interviews, field studies, but also in the everyday life-have thought me to love their beautiful country.","owner":{"id":147321,"first_name":"Pietro P.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Masina","page_name":"PietroPMasina","domain_name":"unior","created_at":"2010-03-18T19:38:50.397-07:00","display_name":"Pietro P. 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Masina","url":"https://unior.academia.edu/PietroPMasina"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111680374"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680374/Pechino_Taipei_e_Washington_la_questione_di_Taiwan_tra_contrasto_politico_e_integrazione_economica"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pechino, Taipei e Washington: la "questione di Taiwan" tra contrasto politico e integrazione economica" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680374/Pechino_Taipei_e_Washington_la_questione_di_Taiwan_tra_contrasto_politico_e_integrazione_economica">Pechino, Taipei e Washington: la "questione di Taiwan" tra contrasto politico e integrazione economica</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Studi Storici</span><span>, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Dalla met&amp;#x27;a degli anni Ottanta le riforme economiche avviate a Pechino han no coinciso c...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Dalla met&amp;#x27;a degli anni Ottanta le riforme economiche avviate a Pechino han no coinciso con una ripresa delle relazioni economiche e commerciali fra la Cina popolare e Taiwan, fino a portare ad un importante livello di in tegrazione dei sistemi produttivi&amp;#x27;. La? questione di Taiwan&amp;gt;&amp;gt;-e cioe della sovranita e rappresentanza internazionale dell&amp;#x27;isola-sembrava quindi pas sata in secondo piano. Tuttavia, all&amp;#x27;inizio del 1996 la decisione dei dirigenti di Taiwan di tenere le prime vere elezioni presidenziali sull&amp;#x27;isola, e la scel ta conseguente di Pechino ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111680374"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111680374"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680374; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680374]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680374]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680374; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111680374']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111680374]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111680374,"title":"Pechino, Taipei e Washington: la \"questione di Taiwan\" tra contrasto politico e integrazione economica","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111680374/Pechino_Taipei_e_Washington_la_questione_di_Taiwan_tra_contrasto_politico_e_integrazione_economica","owner_id":147321,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":147321,"first_name":"Pietro P.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Masina","page_name":"PietroPMasina","domain_name":"unior","created_at":"2010-03-18T19:38:50.397-07:00","display_name":"Pietro P. Masina","url":"https://unior.academia.edu/PietroPMasina"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111680373"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680373/The_Malaysian_Industry_In_The_Middle_Income_Trap"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Malaysian Industry In The Middle-Income Trap" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/111680373/The_Malaysian_Industry_In_The_Middle_Income_Trap">The Malaysian Industry In The Middle-Income Trap</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>L'industria</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The article explores the main features of the middle-income trap in Malaysia within the evolving ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The article explores the main features of the middle-income trap in Malaysia within the evolving context of the Southeast Asian development pattern. In particular, it investigates the determinants of the Malaysian manufacturing declining performances after the Asian crisis (1997-1998), as well as the reasons underlying the simultaneous interruption of the catchingup process. In this respect, an analysis of Malaysian structural weaknesses has been carried out with a specific focus on the deficits in local absorptive capacities and the lack of innovative capabilities of the Malaysian manufacturing sector, which undermined the industrial upgrading prospects. Such limits of the production structure derive from the dependent position of the country in the regional division of labor and the ineffectiveness of the fdi-led industrial and technological policies implemented by the Malaysian government. The conclusions are confirmed by a descriptive analysis which adopts Revealed Comparative Advantage index and Economy Complexity Index as two indicators of industrial competitiveness.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111680373"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111680373"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680373; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680373]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680373]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680373; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111680373']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111680373]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111680373,"title":"The Malaysian Industry In The Middle-Income Trap","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111680373/The_Malaysian_Industry_In_The_Middle_Income_Trap","owner_id":147321,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":147321,"first_name":"Pietro P.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Masina","page_name":"PietroPMasina","domain_name":"unior","created_at":"2010-03-18T19:38:50.397-07:00","display_name":"Pietro P. 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The gradual and pragmatic reform process achieved remarkable results in terms of sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. With entrance into the WTO (in 2007), the country has become an important manufacturing hub and is attracting huge FDI flows, but with a risk of increased dependency from foreign capital and technology and vulnerability to exogenous shocks. This paper suggests that national authorities have so far (and rather successfully) relied on a large state sector to manage economic development but the government has not been able to design and implement coherent industrial strategies.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5a8ce284cf6d7b9739cb14ebfba98c31" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109145995,"asset_id":111680372,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109145995/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111680372"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111680372"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680372; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680372]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680372]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680372; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111680372']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5a8ce284cf6d7b9739cb14ebfba98c31" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111680372]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111680372,"title":"Vietnam between Developmental State and Neoliberalism: The Case of the Industrial Sector","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Palgrave Macmillan","ai_title_tag":"Vietnam's Industrial Sector: State vs Neoliberalism","grobid_abstract":"Since the mid 1980s Vietnam has launched a thorough programme of economic reforms, with a transition from central planning to a market-based economy. 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The author argues that a wider debate is needed in order to give national policy-makers the full spectrum of alternatives to support well-informed policy decisions. In particular, the book indicates that two issues central for any analysis of the Vietnamese development reform process are substantially ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111680371"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111680371"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680371; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680371]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111680371]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111680371; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111680371']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111680371]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111680371,"title":"Vietnam's Development Strategies","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111680371/Vietnams_Development_Strategies","owner_id":147321,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":147321,"first_name":"Pietro P.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Masina","page_name":"PietroPMasina","domain_name":"unior","created_at":"2010-03-18T19:38:50.397-07:00","display_name":"Pietro P. 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This plan was named "Build Back Better World" (B3W), mimicking the Build Back Better initiative adopted at home by the Biden Administration to revive the post-Covid American economy. A few months later on 1 December 2021 the European Union launched its own response to the Chinese BRI with a 300-billion-euro project called Global Gateway, seemingly coordinated with the American B3W. This paper locates the two Western initiatives in the context of a global quest for hegemony in which China has successfully challenged the existing geopolitical frameworks in Africa, Latin America and-even more importantly-in East and Southeast Asia. The Belt and Road Initiative was announced by President Xi Jinping in 2013 as a modern Silk Road, making clear China's ambition to return to its historical role as a world superpower. To improve infrastructure to facilitate world trade (and obviously trade with China) was the official aim of the ambitious plan. After almost a decade since its launch, however, it is evident that the project was not only about infrastructure. It responded to the needs of a rapidly expanding economy in transition from a global manufacturing hub to an industrially advanced country. The BRI simultaneously addressed three major challenges: finding profitable investment opportunities for the immense Chinese financial reserves of foreign currencies; securing strategic commodities; and opening new markets for Chinese exports. The BRI also was (and still is) a major international foreign policy initiative aimed at projecting China into a leadership role in a context of declining American hegemonic power. The American Build Back Better World (B3W) and the European Global Gateway will not only need to compete with China in terms of trade and infrastructure, but also with China's quest for hegemony that sees its main leverage in her regional prominence in East Asia.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9396d3d8a892abd494005056d7b98b42" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":91906983,"asset_id":87788800,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/91906983/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="87788800"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="87788800"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 87788800; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=87788800]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=87788800]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 87788800; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='87788800']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9396d3d8a892abd494005056d7b98b42" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=87788800]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":87788800,"title":"Challenging the Belt and Road Initiative: The American and European alternatives","translated_title":"","metadata":{"ai_title_tag":"Countering China's Belt and Road: US and EU Initiatives","grobid_abstract":"At the 47th G7 summit held in Cornwall in June 2021, President Biden announced a US-led multilateral plan to counter the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This plan was named \"Build Back Better World\" (B3W), mimicking the Build Back Better initiative adopted at home by the Biden Administration to revive the post-Covid American economy. A few months later on 1 December 2021 the European Union launched its own response to the Chinese BRI with a 300-billion-euro project called Global Gateway, seemingly coordinated with the American B3W. This paper locates the two Western initiatives in the context of a global quest for hegemony in which China has successfully challenged the existing geopolitical frameworks in Africa, Latin America and-even more importantly-in East and Southeast Asia. The Belt and Road Initiative was announced by President Xi Jinping in 2013 as a modern Silk Road, making clear China's ambition to return to its historical role as a world superpower. To improve infrastructure to facilitate world trade (and obviously trade with China) was the official aim of the ambitious plan. After almost a decade since its launch, however, it is evident that the project was not only about infrastructure. It responded to the needs of a rapidly expanding economy in transition from a global manufacturing hub to an industrially advanced country. The BRI simultaneously addressed three major challenges: finding profitable investment opportunities for the immense Chinese financial reserves of foreign currencies; securing strategic commodities; and opening new markets for Chinese exports. The BRI also was (and still is) a major international foreign policy initiative aimed at projecting China into a leadership role in a context of declining American hegemonic power. The American Build Back Better World (B3W) and the European Global Gateway will not only need to compete with China in terms of trade and infrastructure, but also with China's quest for hegemony that sees its main leverage in her regional prominence in East Asia.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Global Governance Programme","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":91906983},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87788800/Challenging_the_Belt_and_Road_Initiative_The_American_and_European_alternatives","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-10-03T02:59:27.042-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":147321,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"conference_presentation","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":91906983,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/91906983/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"RSC_PP_2022_09.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/91906983/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Challenging_the_Belt_and_Road_Initiative.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/91906983/RSC_PP_2022_09-libre.pdf?1664791324=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChallenging_the_Belt_and_Road_Initiative.pdf\u0026Expires=1738766275\u0026Signature=C8VtVw5KMFjTwBjdnKXlW8grm~pnbRFOFmpNEv3CYksBzuHlOlGwuqnbCi5M3IZiTUxMZSp40X~lLNWF1PtvGgA4U-PrshJZwjqrQv57WzJXQ~DvDrT8HvfdazQPtFXjdgawUdAy-y2HeaKo3Ag-Javqd4mSw~uKRqd159DrUoZnTcs-ukmiiGUEgwIRCDPCp7fWctO2O7HxL~Ibq7nGu3WyyiH56Udqwrd~lkVWVEktbi1WUjcHnzO3tJvm1XsgHgBLm9vIktC3dpuxDqY2V~8akpCV2VgxiQS07vNPqUDcl6nigj9dHzmjOQQZhGt0b9R3p7C78kybepUBGi0CGw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Challenging_the_Belt_and_Road_Initiative_The_American_and_European_alternatives","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"At the 47th G7 summit held in Cornwall in June 2021, President Biden announced a US-led multilateral plan to counter the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This plan was named \"Build Back Better World\" (B3W), mimicking the Build Back Better initiative adopted at home by the Biden Administration to revive the post-Covid American economy. A few months later on 1 December 2021 the European Union launched its own response to the Chinese BRI with a 300-billion-euro project called Global Gateway, seemingly coordinated with the American B3W. This paper locates the two Western initiatives in the context of a global quest for hegemony in which China has successfully challenged the existing geopolitical frameworks in Africa, Latin America and-even more importantly-in East and Southeast Asia. The Belt and Road Initiative was announced by President Xi Jinping in 2013 as a modern Silk Road, making clear China's ambition to return to its historical role as a world superpower. To improve infrastructure to facilitate world trade (and obviously trade with China) was the official aim of the ambitious plan. After almost a decade since its launch, however, it is evident that the project was not only about infrastructure. It responded to the needs of a rapidly expanding economy in transition from a global manufacturing hub to an industrially advanced country. The BRI simultaneously addressed three major challenges: finding profitable investment opportunities for the immense Chinese financial reserves of foreign currencies; securing strategic commodities; and opening new markets for Chinese exports. The BRI also was (and still is) a major international foreign policy initiative aimed at projecting China into a leadership role in a context of declining American hegemonic power. The American Build Back Better World (B3W) and the European Global Gateway will not only need to compete with China in terms of trade and infrastructure, but also with China's quest for hegemony that sees its main leverage in her regional prominence in East Asia.","owner":{"id":147321,"first_name":"Pietro P.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Masina","page_name":"PietroPMasina","domain_name":"unior","created_at":"2010-03-18T19:38:50.397-07:00","display_name":"Pietro P. 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