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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a 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href="#In_monarchies_and_in_republics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>In monarchies and in republics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_monarchies_and_in_republics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entry_into_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entry_into_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Entry into office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entry_into_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exit_from_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exit_from_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Exit from office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exit_from_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisational_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisational_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Organisational structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisational_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description_of_the_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description_of_the_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Description of the role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description_of_the_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cross-country_comparative_details" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross-country_comparative_details"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cross-country comparative details</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cross-country_comparative_details-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cross-country comparative details subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cross-country_comparative_details-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitutional_basis_for_the_position_in_different_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_basis_for_the_position_in_different_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Constitutional basis for the position in different countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_basis_for_the_position_in_different_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lists_of_prime_ministers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lists_of_prime_ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Lists of prime ministers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lists_of_prime_ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Prime minister</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 120 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-120" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">120 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_minister" title="Eerste minister – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Eerste minister" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%A0%E1%89%85%E1%88%8B%E1%8B%AD_%E1%88%9A%E1%8A%92%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AD" title="ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="رئيس الوزراء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رئيس الوزراء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministru_principal" title="Ministru principal – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ministru principal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3mbyhyh%C3%A1ra_Tenondegua" title="Sãmbyhyhára Tenondegua – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Sãmbyhyhára Tenondegua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9F_nazir" title="Baş nazir – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Baş nazir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="باش‌وزیر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="باش‌وزیر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patih_Agung" title="Patih Agung – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Patih Agung" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80" title="প্রধানমন্ত্রী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রধানমন্ত্রী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%BA-si%C3%B2ng" title="Siú-siòng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siú-siòng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Прэм’ер-міністр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прэм’ер-міністр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Прэм’ер-міністар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Прэм’ер-міністар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="परधानमंत्री – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="परधानमंत्री" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_ministro" title="Primer ministro – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Primer ministro" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Министър-председател – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Министър-председател" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsjednik_vlade" title="Predsjednik vlade – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Predsjednik vlade" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_ministre" title="Primer ministre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Primer ministre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99edseda_vl%C3%A1dy" title="Předseda vlády – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Předseda vlády" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prif_weinidog" title="Prif weinidog – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Prif weinidog" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premierminister" title="Premierminister – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Premierminister" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="رئيس لوزارا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="رئيس لوزارا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A1htaministtar" title="Stáhtaministtar – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Stáhtaministtar" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premierminister" title="Premierminister – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Premierminister" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peaminister" title="Peaminister – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Peaminister" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Πρωθυπουργός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρωθυπουργός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_ministro" title="Primer ministro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Primer ministro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88efministro" title="Ĉefministro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉefministro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehen_ministro" title="Lehen ministro – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lehen ministro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="نخست‌وزیر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نخست‌وزیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_ministre" title="Premier ministre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Premier ministre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier" title="Premier – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Premier" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADomh-Aire" title="Príomh-Aire – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Príomh-Aire" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%AComh-mhinistear" title="Prìomh-mhinistear – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Prìomh-mhinistear" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeiro_ministro" title="Primeiro ministro – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Primeiro ministro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A7%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="વડાપ્રધાન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વડાપ્રધાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%83%81" title="수상 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수상" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firai_Minista" title="Firai Minista – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Firai Minista" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Վարչապետ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վարչապետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="प्रधानमन्त्री – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रधानमन्त्री" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsjednik_vlade" title="Predsjednik vlade – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Predsjednik vlade" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chefministro" title="Chefministro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chefministro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangrunaan_a_ministro" title="Kangrunaan a ministro – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kangrunaan a ministro" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdana_menteri" title="Perdana menteri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perdana menteri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_ministro" title="Prime ministro – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Prime ministro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fors%C3%A6tisr%C3%A1%C3%B0herra" title="Forsætisráðherra – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Forsætisráðherra" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primo_ministro" title="Primo ministro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Primo ministro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94" title="ראש ממשלה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראש ממשלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayakotama" title="Nayakotama – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nayakotama" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಮಂತ್ರಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಮಂತ್ರಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Премьер-министр – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Премьер-министр" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="პრემიერ-მინისტრი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პრემიერ-მინისტრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Премьер-министр – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Премьер-министр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waziri_mkuu" title="Waziri mkuu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Waziri mkuu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Премьер-министр – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Премьер-министр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B5" title="ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primus_minister" title="Primus minister – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Primus minister" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premjerministrs" title="Premjerministrs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Premjerministrs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministras_pirmininkas" title="Ministras pirmininkas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ministras pirmininkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moy%C3%A1ngeli_wa_yambo" title="Moyángeli wa yambo – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Moyángeli wa yambo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primm_minister" title="Primm minister – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Primm minister" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minisztereln%C3%B6k" title="Miniszterelnök – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Miniszterelnök" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="प्रधानमन्त्री – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="प्रधानमन्त्री" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Премиер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Премиер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praiminisitra" title="Praiminisitra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Praiminisitra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="പ്രധാനമന്ത്രി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രധാനമന്ത്രി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पंतप्रधान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पंतप्रधान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="პრემიერ-მინისტრი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პრემიერ-მინისტრი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="رئيس الوزرا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رئيس الوزرا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdana_Menteri" title="Perdana Menteri – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perdana Menteri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardana_Mantari" title="Pardana Mantari – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Pardana Mantari" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C5%ABng-l%C4%AB" title="Cūng-lī – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cūng-lī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Ерөнхий сайд – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ерөнхий сайд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="ဝန်ကြီးချုပ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝန်ကြီးချုပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_minister" title="Eerste minister – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eerste minister" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="प्रधानमन्त्री – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्रधानमन्त्री" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="首相 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="首相" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premierminister" title="Premierminister – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Premierminister" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preunmi%C3%A9_Minnistre" title="Preunmié Minnistre – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Preunmié Minnistre" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primi%C3%A8r_ministre" title="Primièr ministre – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Primièr ministre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosh_vazir" title="Bosh vazir – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bosh vazir" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਮੰਤਰੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਮੰਤਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85" title="وزیر اعظم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وزیر اعظم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prom%C3%A9_minister" title="Promé minister – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Promé minister" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DA%93%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="لومړی وزیر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لومړی وزیر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8" title="នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier" title="Premier – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Premier" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeiro-ministro" title="Primeiro-ministro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Primeiro-ministro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prim-ministru" title="Prim-ministru – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Prim-ministru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uma_kamayuq" title="Uma kamayuq – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uma kamayuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Премьер-министр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Премьер-министр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryeministri" title="Kryeministri – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kryeministri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister" title="Prime Minister – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Prime Minister" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85" title="وزير اعظم – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وزير اعظم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predseda_vl%C3%A1dy" title="Predseda vlády – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Predseda vlády" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsednik_vlade" title="Predsednik vlade – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Predsednik vlade" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%27iisul_wasaare" title="Ra'iisul wasaare – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ra'iisul wasaare" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A9_%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سەرۆک وەزیران – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەرۆک وەزیران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Премијер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Премијер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premijer" title="Premijer – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Premijer" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri" title="Pääministeri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pääministeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premi%C3%A4rminister" title="Premiärminister – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Premiärminister" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punong_ministro" title="Punong ministro – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Punong ministro" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="தலைமை அமைச்சர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தலைமை அமைச்சர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Премьер-министр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Премьер-министр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeiru-Ministru" title="Primeiru-Ministru – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Primeiru-Ministru" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="นายกรัฐมนตรี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นายกรัฐมนตรี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Сарвазир – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сарвазир" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fbakan" title="Başbakan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Başbakan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Премьер-министр – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Премьер-министр" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%27%D1%94%D1%80-%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80" title="Прем'єр-міністр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прем'єр-міністр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85" title="وزیر اعظم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وزیر اعظم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bng" title="Thủ tướng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thủ tướng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4%C3%A4ministri" title="Pääministri – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pääministri" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prum%C3%AE_minisse" title="Prumî minisse – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Prumî minisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="פרעמיער מיניסטער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פרעמיער מיניסטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A1k%C3%B2%C3%B3so_%C3%A0gb%C3%A0" title="Alákòóso àgbà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Alákòóso àgbà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="首相 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="首相" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="总理 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="总理" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wajiralam" title="Wajiralam – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Wajiralam" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardano_Mantori" title="Pardano Mantori – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Pardano Mantori" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14212#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">Politics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="display:block; margin-bottom:0.5em; background:transparent;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science" title="Outline of political science">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_politics_articles" title="Index of politics articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Primary topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science" title="Outline of political science">Outline of political science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_politics_articles" title="Index of politics articles">Index of politics articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics by country">Politics by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_country_subdivisions" title="Politics of country subdivisions">Politics by subdivision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">Political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history" title="Political history">Political history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_world" title="Political history of the world">Political history of the world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political philosophy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Political_system" title="Political system">Political systems</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">Anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">City-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership" title="Collective leadership">Collective leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Confessional system">Confessional system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorial_system" title="Directorial system">Directorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federacy" title="Federacy">Federacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_regime" title="Hybrid regime">Hybrid regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">Presidential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-parliamentary_system" title="Semi-parliamentary system">Semi-parliamentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">Semi-presidential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Academic disciplines</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">Political science</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_political_scientists" title="List of political scientists">political scientists</a>)</span></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">International relations</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/International_relations_theory" title="International relations theory">theory</a>)</span></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_politics" title="Comparative politics">Comparative politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_science" title="Election science">Election science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psephology" title="Psephology">Political analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy_studies" title="Policy studies">Policy studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_psychology" title="Political psychology">Political psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_sociology" title="Political sociology">Political sociology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">Public administration</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">Bureaucracy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Street-level_bureaucracy" title="Street-level bureaucracy">street-level</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhocracy" title="Adhocracy">Adhocracy</a></li> <li>Service <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Public_service" title="Public service">Public</a> / <a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">Civil</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed hlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Policy" title="Policy">Policy</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">Public policy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Public_policy_doctrine" title="Public policy doctrine">doctrine</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy" title="Domestic policy">Domestic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_society" title="Civil society">Civil society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_interest" title="Public interest">Public interest</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Government branches</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">Separation of powers</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_commission" title="Election commission">Election commission</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">Polity</a> / <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">State</a> / <a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_of_political_behavior" title="Theories of political behavior">Theories of political behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biology_and_political_orientation" title="Biology and political orientation">Biology and political orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_organisation" title="Political organisation">Political organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Subseries</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Electoral systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voting" title="Voting">voting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_unitarism" title="Political unitarism">Unitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government" title="List of forms of government">forms</a> / <a href="/wiki/Governance" title="Governance">Governance</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_culture" title="Political culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_campaign" title="Political campaign">Political campaigning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_sidebar" title="Template:Politics sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_sidebar" title="Template talk:Politics sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Ministers_of_the_Nordic_Council_in_October_2014_-_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/The_Prime_Ministers_of_the_Nordic_Council_in_October_2014_-_09.jpg/220px-The_Prime_Ministers_of_the_Nordic_Council_in_October_2014_-_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/The_Prime_Ministers_of_the_Nordic_Council_in_October_2014_-_09.jpg/330px-The_Prime_Ministers_of_the_Nordic_Council_in_October_2014_-_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/The_Prime_Ministers_of_the_Nordic_Council_in_October_2014_-_09.jpg/440px-The_Prime_Ministers_of_the_Nordic_Council_in_October_2014_-_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4089" data-file-height="2858" /></a><figcaption>Prime ministers of the Nordic and Baltic countries in 2014. From left: <a href="/wiki/Erna_Solberg" title="Erna Solberg">Erna Solberg</a>, Norway; <a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Butkevi%C4%8Dius" title="Algirdas Butkevičius">Algirdas Butkevičius</a>, Lithuania; <a href="/wiki/Laimdota_Straujuma" title="Laimdota Straujuma">Laimdota Straujuma</a>, Latvia; <a href="/wiki/Sigmundur_Dav%C3%AD%C3%B0_Gunnlaugsson" title="Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson">Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson</a>, Iceland; <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stubb" title="Alexander Stubb">Alexander Stubb</a>, Finland; <a href="/wiki/Anne_Sulling" title="Anne Sulling">Anne Sulling</a>, Estonia (trade minister); <a href="/wiki/Helle_Thorning-Schmidt" title="Helle Thorning-Schmidt">Helle Thorning-Schmidt</a>, Denmark; <a href="/wiki/Stefan_L%C3%B6fven" title="Stefan Löfven">Stefan Löfven</a>, Sweden.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>prime minister</b> or <b>chief of cabinet</b> is the head of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinet</a> and the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">ministers</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a> branch of <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a>, often in a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> or <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">semi-presidential system</a>. A prime minister is not the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, but rather the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>, serving as the chief of the executive under either a <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarch</a> or a <a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">president</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republican</a> form of <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary systems of government</a> (be they <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchies</a> or <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">parliamentary republics</a>), the Prime Minister (or occasionally a similar post with a different title, such as the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor of Germany</a>) is the most powerful politician and the functional leader of the state, by virtue of commanding the <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">confidence</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a>. The head of state is typically a ceremonial officer, though they may exercise <a href="/wiki/Reserve_power" title="Reserve power">reserve powers</a> to check the Prime Minister in unusual situations. </p><p>Under some <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential systems</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, the prime minister is the leader or the most senior member of the cabinet, but not the head of government. As such, in South Korea, the prime minister is equivalent to that of a vice president which is the second in-command and assumes the presidency in the absence of the president. </p><p>In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and <a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a> of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">semi-presidential systems</a>, a prime minister is the official appointed to manage the <a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">civil service</a> and execute the directives of the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:20.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">the Politics series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive government</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_leader" title="Supreme leader">Supreme leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_council_of_state" title="President of the council of state">President of the council of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictator" title="Dictator">Dictator</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a></b> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_(gubernatorial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief executive (gubernatorial)">Chief executive</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister" title="Chief minister">Chief minister</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/First_minister" title="First minister">First minister</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Minister-president" title="Minister-president">Minister-president</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Premier" title="Premier">Premier</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prime minister</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Council_of_Ministers" title="President of the Council of Ministers">President of the Council of Ministers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_government" title="President of the government">President of the government</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">Cabinet</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Government_formation" title="Government formation">Government formation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_collective_responsibility" title="Cabinet collective responsibility">Cabinet collective responsibility</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ministry_(collective_executive)" title="Ministry (collective executive)">Ministry</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_secretary" title="Cabinet secretary">Secretary</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ministry_(government_department)" title="Ministry (government department)">Ministry</a></b> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State" title="Minister of State">State</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Crown" title="Minister of the Crown">Crown</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state" title="Secretary of state">Secretary</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><b>Other</b> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissary" title="Commissary">Commissary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner" title="Commissioner">Commissioner</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">Governor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency" title="Presidency">Presidency</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Systems</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republic</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">Parliamentary</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorial_system" title="Directorial system">Directorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-parliamentary_system" title="Semi-parliamentary system">Semi-parliamentary</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Aut_simul_stabunt_aut_simul_cadent" title="Aut simul stabunt aut simul cadent"><i>simul simul</i></a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">Semi-presidential</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Cohabitation_(government)" title="Cohabitation (government)">cohabitational</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">Presidential</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee;"> Lists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_governments" title="List of national governments">National governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Heads of state and government</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#eee;"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Executive" title="Template:Executive"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Executive" title="Template talk:Executive"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Executive" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Executive"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Today, the prime minister is often, but not always, a member of the legislature or its lower house, and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a>. In some <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchies</a> the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative" title="Royal prerogative">royal prerogative</a>) without the approval of parliament. </p><p>As well as being head of government, being prime minister may require holding other roles or posts—the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">prime minister of the United Kingdom</a>, for example, is also <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Treasury" title="First Lord of the Treasury">First Lord of the Treasury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_the_Civil_Service" title="Minister for the Civil Service">Minister for the Civil Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, prime ministers may choose to hold additional ministerial posts (e.g. when the portfolio is critical to that government's mandate): during the Second World War, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> was also <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Defence">Minister of Defence</a> (although there was then no <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a>). Another example is the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-fourth_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-fourth government of Israel">Thirty-fourth government of Israel</a> (2015–2019)<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, when <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> at one point served as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">prime minister</a> and minister <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Communications (Israel)">of Communications</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)">Foreign Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regional_Cooperation_Minister_of_Israel" title="Regional Cooperation Minister of Israel">Regional Cooperation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Economy (Israel)">Economy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Defense (Israel)">Defense</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Interior (Israel)">Interior</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "prime minister" was used as (vazîr-i aʾzam) or the <a href="/wiki/Grand_vizier" title="Grand vizier">Grand Vizier</a> in 8th century by the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid caliphate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>in 17th century sources referring to <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after he was named <i>premier ministre</i> to head the French <a href="/wiki/Royal_Council_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Council of France">royal council</a> in 1624. The title was used alongside the <i><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_of_France" title="Chief minister of France">principal ministre d'État</a></i> ("chief minister of the state") more as a job description. After 1661, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> and his descendants refused to allow one of their Ministers to be more important than the others, so the term was no longer in use.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 18th century in the United Kingdom, members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to <a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Walpole" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Robert Walpole">Sir Robert Walpole</a> (whose official title was <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Treasury" title="First Lord of the Treasury">First Lord of the Treasury</a>). During the whole of the 18th century, Britain was involved in a prolonged conflict with France, periodically bursting into all-out war, and Britons took outspoken pride in their "Liberty" as contrasted to the "Tyranny" of French Absolute Monarchy; therefore, being implicitly compared with Richelieu was no compliment to Walpole. Over time, however, the title became honorific<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2022)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup> and remains so in the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_parliamentarism" title="History of parliamentarism">History of parliamentarism</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of England">Chief Minister of England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_of_France" title="Chief minister of France">Chief minister of France</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grand_vizier" title="Grand vizier">Grand vizier</a></div> <p>The position of a head of government separate from the head of state, or as the most important government administrator or minister after the monarch in rank developed in multiple countries separate from each other. The names given could be "prime minister", although other terms were also used such as "chief minister", "grand chancellor", "chancellor", "grand vizier", "counselor", and others. </p><p>The literal title itself can be traced back to the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid caliphate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> . They both had an official title of <a href="/wiki/Grand_vizier" title="Grand vizier">Grand Vizier</a> simply the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of the Government</a> which is called <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a> nowadays. Grand Vizier was the most powerful person after <a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire">sultan</a> but sometimes the <a href="/wiki/Grand_vizier" title="Grand vizier">Grand Vizier</a> of Ottoman Empire was more powerful than sultan himself.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The position of <b><a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a></b> is the same or comparable in some countries as a prime minister, even if the label is different. The term goes back to ancient Roman times as head of the <a href="/wiki/Chancellery" class="mw-disambig" title="Chancellery">chancellery</a>. This title as head of government or the administration existed in ancient China as <a href="/wiki/Grand_chancellor_(China)" title="Grand chancellor (China)">Grand Chancellor</a> (Chinese: 宰相; pinyin: <i>Zǎixiàng</i>), sometimes translated as "prime minister", existed since 685 BCE and ancient Japan <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Realm" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of the Realm">Chancellor of the Realm</a> (太政大臣 <i>Daijō-daijin</i>) since the 7th century CE. In the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> the position of <a href="/wiki/Archchancellor" title="Archchancellor">Archchancellor</a> was the highest dignitary and traces to 860 CE, out of which later derived the positions of head of government such as the modern <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor of Germany</a>, who is head of the federal government and an executive prime minister. </p><p>The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinet</a>, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the monarch usually presided over its meetings. </p><p>The monarch could dismiss the minister at any time, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example, the <a href="/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)" title="Tories (British political party)">Tory</a> ministers <a href="/wiki/Robert_Harley,_1st_Earl_of_Oxford_and_Mortimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer">Harley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_St_John,_1st_Viscount_Bolingbroke" title="Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke">Viscount Bolingbroke</a> shared power. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CommonwealthPrimeMinisters1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/CommonwealthPrimeMinisters1944.jpg/250px-CommonwealthPrimeMinisters1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/CommonwealthPrimeMinisters1944.jpg/375px-CommonwealthPrimeMinisters1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/CommonwealthPrimeMinisters1944.jpg/500px-CommonwealthPrimeMinisters1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>The prime ministers of five members of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> at the 1944 <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meeting" title="Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting">Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the mid 17th century, after the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a> of 1688 and passage of the <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689" title="Bill of Rights 1689">Bill of Rights</a> in 1689.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Great_Britain" title="George I of Great Britain">George I</a> to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in <a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of British government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the <i>de facto</i> head of the government. </p><p>From 1721, this was the <a href="/wiki/British_Whig_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="British Whig Party">Whig</a> politician <a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Robert Walpole</a>, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">House of Commons</a> with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, <a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Lord Melbourne</a>, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing." </p><p>Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_III_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of Great Britain">George III</a> made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">William Pitt the Younger</a> (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title "prime minister" was first referred to on government documents during the administration of <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a> but did not appear in the formal British <a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence" title="Order of precedence">Order of precedence</a> until 1905. </p><p>The prestige of British institutions in the 19th century and the growth of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> saw the British model of cabinet government, headed by a prime minister, widely copied, both in other European countries and in British colonial territories as they developed self-government.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some places alternative titles such as "premier", "chief minister", "first minister of state", "president of the council" or "chancellor" were adopted, but the essentials of the office were the same. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_usage">Modern usage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Decree_no_08231772_of_07.08.2023_(Cambodia).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Royal_Decree_no_08231772_of_07.08.2023_%28Cambodia%29.jpg/220px-Royal_Decree_no_08231772_of_07.08.2023_%28Cambodia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Royal_Decree_no_08231772_of_07.08.2023_%28Cambodia%29.jpg/330px-Royal_Decree_no_08231772_of_07.08.2023_%28Cambodia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Royal_Decree_no_08231772_of_07.08.2023_%28Cambodia%29.jpg/440px-Royal_Decree_no_08231772_of_07.08.2023_%28Cambodia%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="904" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Royal decree appointing the Prime Minister of Cambodia in 2023.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the late 20th century,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many of the world's countries had prime ministers or equivalent ministers, holding office under either <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchies" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional monarchies">constitutional monarchies</a> or ceremonial presidents. The main exceptions to this system include Switzerland and the United States, as well as the presidential republics in Latin America, such as Chile and Mexico, modelled on the U.S. system in which the president directly exercises executive authority. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>'s former prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Khalifah_bin_Sulman_Al_Khalifah" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah">Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah</a>, occupied the post for about 50 years, from 1970 to November 2020, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview_of_the_office">Overview of the office</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Overview of the office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_monarchies_and_in_republics">In monarchies and in republics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In monarchies and in republics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_(43814329771)_(Mahathir_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2843814329771%29_%28Mahathir_cropped%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2843814329771%29_%28Mahathir_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2843814329771%29_%28Mahathir_cropped%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2843814329771%29_%28Mahathir_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2843814329771%29_%28Mahathir_cropped%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2843814329771%29_%28Mahathir_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister of Malaysia</a> for over 24 years (1981-2003, 2018-2020), is known for his role in modernizing the country's economy.</figcaption></figure> <p>The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarchies</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Morocco" title="Prime Minister of Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Spain</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>) and in <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">parliamentary republics</a>, in which the head of state is an elected official (such as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Finland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indonesia" title="Prime Minister of Indonesia">Indonesia (1945–66)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nigeria" title="Prime Minister of Nigeria">Nigeria (1960–66)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Turkey (1923–2018)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Italy</a>). See also "<a href="/wiki/First_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister">First Minister</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Premier" title="Premier">Premier</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister">Chief Minister</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a>", "Minister of State (<i>Statsminister</i>)", "President of the Government", "President of the Council of Ministers" and "<a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>": alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to, or translated as, "prime minister". Both <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> lost their positions as prime ministers in 1966. <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> also lost their positions as prime ministers. <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> never had positions as prime ministers. </p><p>This contrasts with the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential system</a>, in which the <a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">president</a> (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. In some <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential</a> and all <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">semi-presidential</a> systems, such as those of <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Algeria" title="Politics of Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Argentina" title="Politics of Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Poland" title="Politics of Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Russia" title="Politics of Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Korea" title="Politics of South Korea">South Korea</a> or <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ukraine" title="Politics of Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service. The <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">premier</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Republic of China">Republic of China (Taiwan)</a> is also appointed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">president</a> but does not require any approval by the legislature.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Appointment of the prime minister of France does not require any approval by the parliament either, but the parliament may force the resignation of the government. In these systems, it is possible for the president and the prime minister to be from different political parties if the legislature is controlled by a party different from that of the president. When it arises, such a state of affairs is usually referred to as (political) <a href="/wiki/Cohabitation_(government)" title="Cohabitation (government)">cohabitation</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entry_into_office">Entry into office</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Entry into office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In parliamentary systems a prime minister may enter into office by several means. </p> <ul><li><b>The head of state appoints a prime minister, of their personal choice:</b> Example: <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, where the president has the power to appoint the prime minister of their choice, though the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> can force a government to resign, they cannot nominate or appoint a new candidate.</li></ul> <dl><dd>While in practice most prime ministers under the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster system</a> (including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, India and the United Kingdom) are the leaders of the largest party or <a href="/wiki/Political_alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Political alliance">coalition</a> in parliament, technically the appointment of the prime minister is <i>de jure</i> exercised by the head of state.</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>The head of state appoints a prime minister who has a set timescale within which they must gain a vote of confidence:</b> Example: <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><b>The head of state appoints a <a href="/wiki/Formateur" title="Formateur">formateur</a> from among the members of Parliament, who then has a set timescale within which they must form a cabinet, and receive the confidence of Parliament after presenting the Cabinet Composition and Legislative Program to Parliament, and the formateur becomes prime minister once approved by parliament:</b> Example: Israel</li> <li><b>The head of state appoints the leader of the political party with the majority of the seats in the parliament as prime minister. If no party has a majority, then the leader of the party with a plurality of seats is given an <i>exploratory mandate</i> to receive the confidence of the parliament within three days. If this is not possible, then the leader of the party with the second highest seat number is given the exploratory mandate. If this fails, then the leader of the third largest party is given it and so on:</b> Example: Greece, see <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Prime Minister of Greece</a></li> <li><b>The head of state <i>nominates</i> a candidate for prime minister who is then submitted to parliament for approval before appointment as prime minister:</b> Example: Spain, where the King sends a nomination to parliament for approval. Also Germany where under the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany">German Basic Law</a> (constitution) the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> votes on a candidate nominated by the federal president. In the Philippines under the 1973 Constitution as amended after martial law, the prime minister was elected by the <a href="/wiki/Batasang_Pambans%C3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Batasang Pambansâ">Batasang Pambansâ</a> (Legislature) upon nomination by the president. In these cases, parliament can choose another candidate who then would be appointed by the head of state (or, in the case of the Philippines, outright elect that candidate).</li> <li><b>Parliament <i>nominates</i> a candidate who the head of state is then constitutionally obliged to appoint as prime minister:</b> Example: <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">president</a> appoints the <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> on the nomination of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a>. Also <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.</li> <li><b>Election by the legislature:</b> Example: the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> under the unamended 1973 Constitution, where the prime minister was supposed to be elected by the Batasang Pambansâ; these provisions were never used because the Philippines was under martial law at the time. Also <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>.</li> <li><b>Direct election by popular vote:</b> Example: <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, 1996–2001, where the prime minister was elected in a general election, with no regard to political affiliation.</li> <li><b>Nomination by a state office holder other than the head of state or his or her representative:</b> Example: Under the modern Swedish <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Sweden">Instrument of Government</a>, the power to appoint someone to form a government has been moved from the <a href="/wiki/Monarch_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarch of Sweden">monarch</a> to the speaker of the parliament and the parliament itself. The speaker nominates a candidate, who is then elected to prime minister (<i>statsminister</i>) by the parliament if an absolute majority of the members of parliament does not vote no (i.e. the candidate can be elected to the post even if more MP:s vote <i>no</i> than <i>yes</i>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exit_from_office">Exit from office</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Exit from office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this section <b>deal primarily with British Commonwealth countries and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit">improve this section</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Prime_minister" title="Talk:Prime minister">talk page</a>, or create a new section, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In older, convention-based <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary systems</a>, prime ministers are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of <a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">elections</a> and parliaments. For example, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> was only ever appointed prime minister on <i>one</i> occasion, in 1979. She remained <i>continuously</i> in power until 1990, though she used the assembly of each <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">House of Commons</a> after a <a href="/wiki/General_election" title="General election">general election</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_reshuffle" title="Cabinet reshuffle">reshuffle her cabinet</a>. </p><p>Newer parliamentary systems that operate based on a codified constitution, however, do have a term of office of the prime minister linked to the period in office of the parliament. Hence, for example, Latvian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Kri%C5%A1j%C4%81nis_Kari%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Krišjānis Kariņš">Krišjānis Kariņš</a>, who was <a href="/wiki/First_Kari%C5%86%C5%A1_cabinet" title="First Kariņš cabinet">first appointed in 2018</a>, had to be reappointed as head of <a href="/wiki/Second_Kari%C5%86%C5%A1_cabinet" title="Second Kariņš cabinet">a new government</a> following the <a href="/wiki/2022_Latvian_parliamentary_election" title="2022 Latvian parliamentary election">2022 Latvian parliamentary election</a>. </p><p>The position of prime minister is usually chosen from the political party that commands - whether by itself or as the largest member of a coalition - the majority of seats in the lower house of parliament, though this is not a requirement either; for example, following the <a href="/wiki/2018_Latvian_parliamentary_election" title="2018 Latvian parliamentary election">2018 Latvian parliamentary election</a>, after two failed attempts by larger parties to form a coalition headed by them, the leader of the smallest party in parliament - <a href="/wiki/Kri%C5%A1j%C4%81nis_Kari%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Krišjānis Kariņš">Krišjānis Kariņš</a> - was eventually appointed as a compromise candidate. <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> has seen several emergency <a href="/wiki/Technocratic_government_(Italy)" title="Technocratic government (Italy)">technocratic governments</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Ciampi_government" title="Ciampi government">Carlo Azeglio Ciampi</a>'s and <a href="/wiki/Draghi_government" title="Draghi government">Mario Draghi</a>'s governments, where the prime minister was a non-partisan expert backed by the <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">confidence and supply</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Grand_coalition" title="Grand coalition">broad cross-section of the parliament</a>. </p><p>In parliamentary systems, <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">governments</a> are generally required to have the confidence of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house of parliament</a> (though a small minority of parliaments, by giving a right to block <a href="/wiki/Loss_of_Supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of Supply">supply</a> to <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper houses</a>, in effect make the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinet</a> responsible to both houses, though in reality upper houses, even when they have the power, rarely exercise it). Where they lose a <i><a href="/wiki/Vote_of_confidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote of confidence">vote of confidence</a></i>, have a <i><a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a></i> passed against them, or where they lose supply, most <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitutional</a> systems require either: </p> <div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><li>a letter of resignation or</li><li>a request for parliamentary dissolution.</li></ol></div> <p>The latter in effect allows the government to appeal the <a href="/wiki/Opposition_(parliamentary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition (parliamentary)">opposition</a> of parliament to the <a href="/wiki/Constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituency">electorate</a>. However, in many <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdictions</a> a head of state <i>may</i> refuse a parliamentary dissolution, requiring the resignation of the prime minister and his or her government. In most modern parliamentary systems, the prime minister is the person who decides when to request a parliamentary dissolution. </p><p>Older constitutions often vest this power in the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinet</a>. In the United Kingdom, for example, the tradition whereby it is the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament dates back to 1918. Prior to then, it was the <i>entire</i> government that made the request. Similarly, though the modern 1937 Irish constitution grants to the Taoiseach the right to make the request, the earlier 1922 <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Free State Constitution">Irish Free State Constitution</a> vested the power in the <i><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_(Commonwealth_countries)" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Council (Commonwealth countries)">Executive Council</a></i> (the then name for the Irish cabinet). </p><p>Some systems, such as <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, require motions of no confidence to be <a href="/wiki/Constructive_vote_of_no_confidence" title="Constructive vote of no confidence">constructive</a>: i.e., they must include the name of an alternative prime minister; if the motion of no confidence is successful, the alternative prime minister automatically takes office in place of the incumbent government, which cannot appeal this replacement to the electorate. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, the prime minister is expected to step down if they lose the majority support of their party under a <a href="/wiki/Spill_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Spill motion">spill motion</a> as have many such as <a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Tony Abbott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd">Kevin Rudd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Malcolm Turnbull</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organisational_structure">Organisational structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Organisational structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_department" title="Cabinet department">Cabinet department</a></div> <p>The prime minister's executive office is usually called the Office of the Prime Minister or <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Office" title="Cabinet Office">Cabinet Office</a>. The U.K.’s <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Office" title="Cabinet Office">Cabinet Office</a> includes the Prime Minister’s Office. Conversely, some Prime Minister's Offices incorporate the role of Cabinet, while Australia’s Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet joins them at par. In Israel, the prime minister's executive office is officially titled the "Prime Minister's Office" in English, but the original Hebrew term can also be translated as the Prime Minister's Ministry. The Prime Minister's Department is also used, as is Cabinet Department. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Description_of_the_role">Description of the role</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Description of the role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wilfried_Martens" title="Wilfried Martens">Wilfried Martens</a>, who served as Prime Minister of Belgium, described his role as follows: </p> <dl><dd>First of all the Prime Minister must listen a lot, and when deep disagreements occur, he must suggest a solution to the matter. This can be done in different ways. Sometimes during the discussion, I note the elements of the problem and think of a proposal I can formulate to the Council (cabinet), the Secretary taking notes. The Ministers then insist on changing game ages. The Prime Minister can also make a proposal which leaves enough room for amendments in order to keep the current discussion on the right tracks. When a solution must be found in order to reach a consensus, he can force one or two Ministers to join or resign.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cross-country_comparative_details">Cross-country comparative details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cross-country comparative details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Titles">Titles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In many cases, though commonly used, "prime minister" is not the official title of the office-holder. In the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Russia" title="Constitution of Russia">Russian constitution</a>, the prime minister is titled <i>Chairman of the government</i>. The Irish prime minister is called the <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a></i></span> (which is rendered into English as <i>prime minister</i>), in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> the prime minister is <i>Rosh HaMemshalah,</i> meaning "head of the government", and the Spanish prime minister is the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">President of the Government</a> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Presidente del Gobierno</i></span>). The head of government of the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> is referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of the People's Republic of China">Premier of the State Council</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Other common forms include <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_council_of_ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the council of ministers">president of the council of ministers</a> (for example in Italy, <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri</i></span>), President of the Executive Council, or <a href="/wiki/Minister-President" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister-President">Minister-President</a>. In the Nordic countries the prime minister is called <i>Statsminister</i>, meaning "Minister of State". In <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federations</a>, the head of government of a <a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">federated entity</a> (such as the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">province or territory of Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Argentina" title="Provinces of Argentina">province of Argentina</a> or the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Brazil"> state of Brazil</a>) is most commonly known as the <a href="/wiki/Premier" title="Premier">premier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_minister" title="Chief minister">chief minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">governor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Minister-president" title="Minister-president">minister-president</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It is convention in the English language to call nearly all national heads of government "prime minister" (or sometimes the equivalent term "premier"), except in cases where the head of state and head of government are one position (usually a presidency), regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country. The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria, whose head of government's title is Federal <a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a>; Monaco, whose head of government is referred to as the Minister of State; and Vatican City, for which the head of government is titled the Secretary of State. A stand-out case is the president of Iran, who is not actually a head of state, but the head of the government of Iran. He is referred to as "president" in both the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and English languages. </p><p>In non-Commonwealth countries, the prime minister may be entitled to the style of <a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">Excellency</a> like a president. In some Commonwealth countries, prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled <a href="/wiki/Honourable" class="mw-redirect" title="Honourable">Honourable</a> or <a href="/wiki/Right_Honourable" class="mw-redirect" title="Right Honourable">Right Honourable</a> associated with their position (the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">prime minister of Australia</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">prime minister of Canada</a>, for example). In the United Kingdom, the prime minister and former prime ministers are also often styled <a href="/wiki/Honourable" class="mw-redirect" title="Honourable">Honourable</a> or <a href="/wiki/Right_Honourable" class="mw-redirect" title="Right Honourable">Right Honourable</a>; however, this is not due to their position as head of government, but a <a href="/wiki/Privilege_(legal_ethics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Privilege (legal ethics)">privilege</a> of being current members of <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Most_Honourable_Privy_Council#Rights_and_privileges_of_members" class="mw-redirect" title="His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council">His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PCpage25_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCpage25-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Northern Irish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Welsh</a> Governments are styled <a href="/wiki/First_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister">First Minister</a>. Between 1921 and 1972, when Northern Ireland had a <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Parliament of Northern Ireland">majority rule Parliament</a>, the head of government was the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Prime Minister of Northern Ireland">prime minister of Northern Ireland</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, the prime minister is called <i>Prodhan Montri</i>, literally meaning "the head of ministers" or "prime minister". In India, the prime minister is called <i>Pradhān Mantrī</i>, literally meaning "the head of ministers" or "prime minister". In Pakistan, the prime minister is referred to as <i>Wazir-e-Azam</i>, meaning "grand vizier". </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Entity</th> <th>Title </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> <a href="/wiki/Definiteness" title="Definiteness">definite form</a>: Kryeministri </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>: الوزير الأول الجزائري<br /><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Premier ministre d'Algérie </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>: Prime Minister of Australia </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td>Bundeskanzler </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: প্রধানমন্ত্রী, prodhan montri </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></td> <td>Lyonchhen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Buganda" title="Buganda">Buganda</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Katikkiro_of_Buganda" title="Katikkiro of Buganda">Katikkiro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>Министър-председател, Ministar-predsedatel </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></td> <td>នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី, Néayuŏk-roătmôntrei </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>: Prime Minister of Canada <br /> <a href="/wiki/French_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="French Language">French</a>: Premier ministre du Canada </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">国务院总理</span>, Guówùyuàn Zǒnglǐ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td>Danmarks statsminister </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td> <td>Peaminister </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></td> <td>Ndvunankhulu </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Faroese_language" title="Faroese language">Faroese</a>: Løgmaður<br /><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: Lagmand </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>: Suomen pääministeri<br /><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: Finlands statsminister </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French:</a> Premier ministre de la République Française </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>Bundeskanzler </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> </td> <td>პრემიერ-მინისტრი, Premier-Ministri </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>Prothypourgós tis Ellinikís Dimokratías </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Greenlandic</a>: Naalakkersuisut siulittaasuat<br /><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: Landsstyreformand </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td>Miniszterelnök </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></td> <td>Forsætisráðherra Íslands </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="प्रधान मंत्री">प्रधान मंत्री</a>, Pradhān Mantrī </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> : רֹאשׁ הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה, Rosh HaMemshala </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>内閣総理大臣, Naikaku-sōri-daijin </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></td> <td>Ministru prezidents </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td>Ministras Pirmininkas </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: Perdana Menteri Malaysia<br /><a href="/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet">Jawi</a>: ڤردان منتري مليسيا </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></td> <td>Prim Ministru ta' Malta </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></td> <td>Prime Minister/Ерөнхий сайд Л.Оюун-эрдэнэ/L.Oyun-erdene </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></td> <td>Premijer Crne Gore </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td> <td>Statsminister </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>: प्रधानमन्त्री, Pradhān Mantrī </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>Minister-president van Nederland </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>: وزیر اعظم, Wazīr-ē-Āzam </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>Prezes Rady Ministrów </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>Primeiro-Ministro </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>Prim-ministrul Guvernului României </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russia</a></td> <td>Председатель Правительства Российской Федерации, Predsedatel' Pravitel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Singapore">Singapore</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: Perdana Menteri Republik Singapura<br /><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 新加坡共和国总理, Xīnjiāpō gònghéguó zǒnglǐ <br /><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசின் பிரதமர், Ciṅkappūr kuṭiyaraciṉ piratamar </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Korea">South Korea</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a>: 국무총리<br /><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: 國務總理<br /><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: Gungmuchongni </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>Presidente del Gobierno </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a>: ශ්‍රී ලංකා අග්‍රාමාත්‍ය, Śrī Laṃkā agrāmāthya<br /><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: இலங்கை பிரதமர் Ilaṅkai piratamar </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td>Statsminister </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></td> <td>Waziri mkuu </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></td> <td>นายกรัฐมนตรี, Nayok Ratthamontri </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>Başbakan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>Прем'єр-міністр України<br />Premier-ministr Ukrainy </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>Prime Minister </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td> <td>Thủ Tướng </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutional_basis_for_the_position_in_different_countries">Constitutional basis for the position in different countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Constitutional basis for the position in different countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macdonald1872.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Macdonald1872.jpg/170px-Macdonald1872.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Macdonald1872.jpg/255px-Macdonald1872.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Macdonald1872.jpg/340px-Macdonald1872.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1086" data-file-height="1384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a> (1815–1891), first <a href="/wiki/Canadian_prime_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian prime minister">Canadian prime minister</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sirimavo_Bandaranaike,_Prime_Minister_of_Ceylon_1960_(cropped).PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sirimavo_Bandaranaike%2C_Prime_Minister_of_Ceylon_1960_%28cropped%29.PNG/220px-Sirimavo_Bandaranaike%2C_Prime_Minister_of_Ceylon_1960_%28cropped%29.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Sirimavo_Bandaranaike%2C_Prime_Minister_of_Ceylon_1960_%28cropped%29.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="339" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sirimavo_Bandaranaike" title="Sirimavo Bandaranaike">Sirimavo Bandaranaike</a> (1916–2000), former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Prime Minister of Sri Lanka">Prime Minister of Sri Lanka</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_elected_and_appointed_female_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government">first female prime minister</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pitt_the_Younger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Pitt_the_Younger.jpg/170px-Pitt_the_Younger.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Pitt_the_Younger.jpg/255px-Pitt_the_Younger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Pitt_the_Younger.jpg/340px-Pitt_the_Younger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="721" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">British prime minister</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">William Pitt</a> (1759–1806), the youngest head of government at the age of 24.</figcaption></figure> <p>The position, power and status of prime ministers differ depending on the age of the constitution. </p><p><b>Algeria's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Algeria" title="Constitution of Algeria">constitution</a> (1962) lists the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Algeria" title="Prime Minister of Algeria">prime minister of Algeria</a>. </p><p><b>Australia's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">constitution</a> makes no mention of a <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Australia">prime minister of Australia</a> and the office only exists by convention, based on the British model. </p><p><b>Bangladesh's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Constitution of Bangladesh">constitution</a> clearly outlines the functions and powers of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">prime minister</a>, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal. </p><p>The <b>People's Republic of China</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the People's Republic of China">constitution</a> set a <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of the People's Republic of China">premier</a> just one place below the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> in China. Premier read as (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a>: 总理; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Zŏnglĭ) in Chinese. </p><p><b>Canada</b> has a 'mixed' or hybrid <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">constitution</a>, partly formally codified and partly uncodified. The codified part originally made no reference whatsoever to a prime minister<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and still gives no parameters of the office. Instead, their powers, duties, appointment and termination follow uncodified conventions. The <i><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Constitution Act, 1867">Constitution Act, 1867</a></i> only establishes the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Privy Council for Canada">Queen's Privy Council for Canada</a>, to which all federal ministers (among others) are appointed and with Members<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which the Monarch or their Governor General normally performs executive government (as <a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King- or Governor-in-Council</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Act,_1982" title="Constitution Act, 1982">Constitution Act, 1982</a></i>, adds passing reference to the "<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a>" [French: <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">premier ministre du Canada</i></span>] but as detail of <a href="/wiki/First_ministers_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="First ministers conference">conferences</a> of federal and provincial <a href="/wiki/First_minister#Canada" title="First minister">first ministers</a>.)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Czech Republic's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Constitution of the Czech Republic">constitution</a> clearly outlines the functions and powers of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">prime minister of the Czech Republic</a>, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal. </p><p><b>France's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_France" title="Constitution of France">constitution</a> (1958) lists the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">prime minister of France</a>. </p><p><b>Germany's</b> <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany">Basic Law</a> (1949) lists the powers, functions and duties of the federal <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany_(Federal_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)">chancellor</a>. </p><p><b>Greece's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Greece" title="Constitution of Greece">constitution</a> (1975) lists the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">prime minister of Greece</a>. </p><p><b>Hungary's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Hungary" title="Constitution of Hungary">constitution</a> (2012) lists the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">prime minister of Hungary</a>. </p><p><b>India's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">constitution</a> (1950) lists the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">prime minister of India</a>. In India, prime ministerial candidates must be a member of parliament, i.e. of either the Lok Sabha (Lower House) or Rajya Sabha (Upper House). No parliamentary vote takes place on who forms a government. </p><p><b>Ireland's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">constitution</a> (1937), provides for the office of <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> in detail, listing powers, functions and duties. </p><p><b>Italy's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">constitution</a> (1948) lists the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Council_of_Ministers" title="President of the Council of Ministers">president of the Council of Ministers</a>. </p><p><b>Japan's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan" title="Constitution of Japan">constitution</a> (1946) lists the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">prime minister of Japan</a>. </p><p>The <b>Republic of Korea's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Korea" title="Constitution of South Korea">constitution</a> (1987) sections 86–87 list the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">prime minister of the Republic of Korea</a>. </p><p><b>Malta's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malta" title="Constitution of Malta">constitution</a> (1964) lists the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">prime minister of Malta</a>. </p><p><b>Malaysia's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">constitution</a> (1957) lists the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">prime minister of Malaysia</a>. </p><p><b>Norway's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Norway" title="Constitution of Norway">constitution</a> (1814) lists the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">prime minister of Norway</a> </p><p><b>Pakistan's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">constitution</a> (1973) lists the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">prime minister of Pakistan</a>. </p><p><b>Poland's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Poland" title="Constitution of Poland">constitution</a> (1918) lists the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">prime minister of Poland</a>. </p><p><b>Spain's</b> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution of 1978">constitution</a> (1978) regulates the appointment, dismissal, powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">President of the Government</a>. </p><p><b>Sri Lanka's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Constitution of Sri Lanka">constitution</a> (1978) lists the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Prime Minister of Sri Lanka">prime minister of Sri Lanka</a>. </p><p><b>Thailand's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Thailand" title="Constitution of Thailand">constitution</a> (1932) lists the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">prime minister of Thailand</a>. </p><p><b>Taiwan's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">constitution</a> (1946) lists the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Executive_Yuan" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Executive Yuan">president of the Executive Yuan</a>. </p><p>The <b>United Kingdom's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constitution of the United Kingdom">constitution</a>, being <a href="/wiki/Uncodified_constitution" title="Uncodified constitution">uncodified</a> and largely unwritten, makes no mention of a <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">prime minister</a>. Though it had <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> existed for centuries, its first mention in official state documents did not occur until the first decade of the twentieth century. Accordingly, it is often said "not to exist"; indeed there are several instances of parliament declaring this to be the case. The prime minister sits in the cabinet solely by virtue of occupying another office, either <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Treasury" title="First Lord of the Treasury">First Lord of the Treasury</a> (office in commission) or more rarely <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> (the last of whom was <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a> in 1905). </p> <dl><dd>In such systems unwritten (and unenforceable) constitutional conventions often outline the order in which people are asked to form a government. If the prime minister resigns after a general election, the monarch usually asks the leader of the opposition to form a government. Where however a resignation occurs during a parliament session (unless the government has itself collapsed) the monarch will ask another member of the government to form a government. While previously the monarch had some leeway in whom to ask, all British political parties now elect their leaders (until 1965 the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservatives</a> chose their leader by informal consultation). The last time the monarch had a choice over the appointment occurred in 1963 when the <a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Earl of Home</a> was asked to become prime minister ahead of <a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Rab Butler</a>.</dd></dl> <p>During the period between the time it is clear that the incumbent government has been defeated at a general election, and the actual swearing-in of the new prime minister by the monarch, governor-general, or president, that person is referred to as the "prime minister-elect" or "prime minister-designate". Neither term is strictly correct from a constitutional point of view, but they have wide acceptance. In a situation in which a ruling party elects or appoints a new leader, the incoming leader will usually be referred as "prime minister-in-waiting". An example or this situation was in 2016 in the United Kingdom when <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> was elected leader of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> while <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> was still prime minister. </p><p><b>Russia's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Russia" title="Constitution of Russia">constitution</a> (1993) lists the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Russia">prime minister of Russia</a>. </p><p><b>Ukraine's</b> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ukraine" title="Constitution of Ukraine">constitution</a> (1996) lists the powers, functions and duties of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">prime minister of Ukraine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lists_of_prime_ministers">Lists of prime ministers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Lists of prime ministers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_prime_ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current prime ministers">List of current prime ministers</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prime_ministers.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Prime_ministers.svg/300px-Prime_ministers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Prime_ministers.svg/450px-Prime_ministers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Prime_ministers.svg/600px-Prime_ministers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Countries with prime ministers (blue), those that formerly had that position (dark red) and those that never had that position (gray).</figcaption></figure> <p>The following table groups the list of past and present prime ministers and details information available in those lists. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Government </th> <th>List starts </th> <th nowrap="">Parties<br />shown </th> <th nowrap="">Term given by<br />years or dates </th> <th nowrap="">Incumbent </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Abkhazia" title="Prime Minister of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></td> <td>1995</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ankvab" title="Alexander Ankvab">Alexander Ankvab</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Afghanistan" title="Prime Minister of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td>1927</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Akhund" title="Hasan Akhund">Hasan Akhund</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acting_prime_minister" title="Acting prime minister">acting</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Albania</a></td> <td>1912</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edi_Rama" title="Edi Rama">Edi Rama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Algeria" title="Prime Minister of Algeria">Algeria</a></td> <td>1962</td> <td>yes</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nadir_Larbaoui" title="Nadir Larbaoui">Nadir Larbaoui</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Head_of_Government_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of Government of Andorra">Andorra</a></td> <td>1982</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Espot_Zamora" title="Xavier Espot Zamora">Xavier Espot Zamora</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Angola" title="Prime Minister of Angola">Angola</a></td> <td>1975</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Anguilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></td> <td>1976</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Webster" title="Ellis Webster">Ellis Webster</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></td> <td>1981</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Browne" title="Gaston Browne">Gaston Browne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Cabinet_of_Ministers" title="Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers">Argentina</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1993</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Francos" title="Guillermo Francos">Guillermo Francos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Armenia" title="Prime Minister of Armenia">Armenia</a></td> <td>1918</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan" title="Nikol Pashinyan">Nikol Pashinyan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Aruba" title="Prime Minister of Aruba">Aruba</a></td> <td>1986</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Wever-Croes" title="Evelyn Wever-Croes">Evelyn Wever-Croes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Australia" title="List of prime ministers of Australia">List</a>)</td> <td>1901</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Austria" title="Chancellor of Austria">Austria</a></td> <td>1918</td> <td>yes</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karl_Nehammer" title="Karl Nehammer">Karl Nehammer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azerbaijan" title="Prime Minister of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></td> <td>1918</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ali_Asadov" title="Ali Asadov">Ali Asadov</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Bahamas" title="Prime Minister of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></td> <td>1967</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philip_Davis_(Bahamian_politician)" title="Philip Davis (Bahamian politician)">Philip Davis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bahrain" title="Prime Minister of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></td> <td>1970</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salman,_Crown_Prince_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman, Crown Prince of Bahrain">Crown Prince Salman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Bangladesh" title="List of prime ministers of Bangladesh">List</a>)</td> <td>1971</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Barbados" title="Prime Minister of Barbados">Barbados</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Barbados" title="List of prime ministers of Barbados">List</a>)</td> <td>1953</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mia_Mottley" title="Mia Mottley">Mia Mottley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belarus" title="Prime Minister of Belarus">Belarus</a></td> <td>1919</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Golovchenko" title="Roman Golovchenko">Roman Golovchenko</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Belgium</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Belgium" title="List of prime ministers of Belgium">List</a>)</td> <td>1831</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">Alexander De Croo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Belize">Belize</a></td> <td>1973</td> <td>yes</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o" title="Johnny Briceño">Johnny Briceño</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of Benin">Benin</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Premiers_of_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Premiers of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></td> <td>1968</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_David_Burt" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward David Burt">Edward David Burt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></td> <td>1952</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lotay_Tshering" title="Lotay Tshering">Lotay Tshering</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></td> <td>1945</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Borjana_Kri%C5%A1to" title="Borjana Krišto">Borjana Krišto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of Botswana">Botswana</a></td> <td>1965</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Ministers_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Ministers of Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td>1847</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></td> <td>1967</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Natalio_Wheatley" title="Natalio Wheatley">Natalio Wheatley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Brunei" title="Prime Minister of Brunei">Brunei</a></td> <td>1984</td> <td>no</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>1879</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dimitar_Glavchev" title="Dimitar Glavchev">Dimitar Glavchev</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></td> <td>1971</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apollinaire_J._Ky%C3%A9lem_de_Tamb%C3%A8la" title="Apollinaire J. Kyélem de Tambèla">Apollinaire de Tambèla</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Burundi" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of Burundi">Burundi</a></td> <td>1961</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></td> <td>1945</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Hun Manet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cameroon" title="Prime Minister of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></td> <td>1960</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ngute" title="Joseph Ngute">Joseph Ngute</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Canada</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="List of prime ministers of Canada">List</a>)</td> <td>1867</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></td> <td>1975</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulisses_Correia_e_Silva" title="Ulisses Correia e Silva">Ulisses Correia e Silva</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Premier of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></td> <td>1992</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Julianna_O%27Connor-Connolly" title="Julianna O'Connor-Connolly">Julianna O'Connor-Connolly</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></td> <td>1958</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Moloua" title="Félix Moloua">Félix Moloua</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Chad">Chad</a></td> <td>1978</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Allamaye_Halina" title="Allamaye Halina">Allamaye Halina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of the People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of premiers of the People's Republic of China">List</a>)</td> <td>1949</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of the Comoros">Comoros</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of the Republic of the Congo">Congo (Brazzaville)</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anatole_Collinet_Makosso" title="Anatole Collinet Makosso">Anatole Collinet Makosso</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo (Kinshasa)</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of prime ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">List</a>)</td> <td>1960</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Judith_Suminwa" title="Judith Suminwa">Judith Suminwa Tuluka</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Prime Minister of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></td> <td>1965</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mark_Brown_(Cook_Islands)" title="Mark Brown (Cook Islands)">Mark Brown</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Ivory_Coast" title="List of heads of government of Ivory Coast">Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Beugr%C3%A9_Mamb%C3%A9" title="Robert Beugré Mambé">Robert Beugré Mambé</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_ministers_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime ministers of Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>1939</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Andrej Plenković</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prime ministers of Cuba">Cuba</a></td> <td>1940</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Marrero_Cruz" title="Manuel Marrero Cruz">Manuel Marrero Cruz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Prime Minister of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></td> <td>2010</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gilmar_Pisas" title="Gilmar Pisas">Gilmar Pisas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="List of prime ministers of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></td> <td>1983</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cnal_%C3%9Cstel" title="Ünal Üstel">Ünal Üstel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of prime ministers of the Czech Republic">List</a>)</td> <td>1993</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Petr_Fiala" title="Petr Fiala">Petr Fiala</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Denmark</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prime ministers of Denmark">List</a>)</td> <td>1848</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Mette Frederiksen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Djibouti" title="List of prime ministers of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></td> <td>1977</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdoulkader_Kamil_Mohamed" title="Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed">Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Dominica" title="Prime Minister of Dominica">Dominica</a></td> <td>1960</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Skerrit" title="Roosevelt Skerrit">Roosevelt Skerrit</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_East_Timor" title="Prime Minister of East Timor">East Timor</a></td> <td>2002</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão">Xanana Gusmão</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Egypt</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Egypt" title="List of prime ministers of Egypt">List</a>)</td> <td>1878</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moustafa_Madbouly" class="mw-redirect" title="Moustafa Madbouly">Moustafa Madbouly</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="List of prime ministers of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></td> <td>1963</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manuela_Roka_Botey" title="Manuela Roka Botey">Manuela Roka Botey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Estonia</a></td> <td>1918</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Kristen Michal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td>1942</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></td> <td>1946</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aksel_V._Johannesen" title="Aksel V. Johannesen">Aksel V. Johannesen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Fiji" title="Prime Minister of Fiji">Fiji</a></td> <td>1966</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Sitiveni Rabuka</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Finland" title="List of prime ministers of Finland">List</a>)</td> <td>1917</td> <td>yes</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Petteri_Orpo" title="Petteri Orpo">Petteri Orpo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">France</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_France" title="List of prime ministers of France">List</a>)</td> <td>1589</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Attal" title="Gabriel Attal">Gabriel Attal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of Gabon">Gabon</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Ndong_Sima" title="Raymond Ndong Sima">Raymond Ndong Sima</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_The_Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of The Gambia">The Gambia</a></td> <td>1961</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Georgia</a></td> <td>1918</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Irakli_Kobakhidze" title="Irakli Kobakhidze">Irakli Kobakhidze</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Germany</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_Germany" title="List of chancellors of Germany">List</a>)</td> <td>1871/1949</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ghana" title="Prime Minister of Ghana">Ghana</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Gibraltar" title="Chief Minister of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></td> <td>1964</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Picardo" title="Fabian Picardo">Fabian Picardo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Greece</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Greece" title="List of prime ministers of Greece">List</a>)</td> <td>1833</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Kyriakos Mitsotakis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prime ministers of Greenland">Greenland</a></td> <td>1979</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede" title="Múte Bourup Egede">Múte Bourup Egede</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prime ministers of Grenada">Grenada</a></td> <td>1954</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dickon_Mitchell" title="Dickon Mitchell">Dickon Mitchell</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Policy_and_Resources_Committee_of_Guernsey" title="President of the Policy and Resources Committee of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></td> <td>2007</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Trott" title="Lyndon Trott">Lyndon Trott</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Guinea">Guinea</a></td> <td>1972</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bah_Oury" title="Bah Oury">Bah Oury</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></td> <td>1973</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rui_Duarte_de_Barros" title="Rui Duarte de Barros">Rui Duarte de Barros</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prime ministers of Guyana">Guyana</a></td> <td>1953</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mark_Phillips_(Guyana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Phillips (Guyana)">Mark Phillips</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Haiti" title="List of prime ministers of Haiti">Haiti</a></td> <td>1988</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Garry_Conille" title="Garry Conille">Garry Conille</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Hungary</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Hungary" title="List of prime ministers of Hungary">List</a>)</td> <td>1848</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland" title="Prime Minister of Iceland">Iceland</a></td> <td>1904</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bjarni_Benediktsson_(born_1970)" title="Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970)">Bjarni Benediktsson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of prime ministers of India">List</a>)</td> <td>1947</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prime ministers of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td>1945</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iran" title="Prime Minister of Iran">Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Iran">List</a>)</td> <td>1624</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Iraq" title="List of prime ministers of Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td>1920</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shia%27_Al_Sudani" title="Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani">Mohammed Al-Sudani</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Ireland</a></td> <td>1937</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Israel</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Israel" title="List of prime ministers of Israel">List</a>)</td> <td>1948</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Italy" title="List of prime ministers of Italy">List</a>)</td> <td>1861</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Giorgia Meloni</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jamaica" title="Prime Minister of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></td> <td>1959</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Holness" title="Andrew Holness">Andrew Holness</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Japan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Japan" title="List of prime ministers of Japan">List</a>)</td> <td>1885</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Shigeru Ishiba</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Jersey" title="Chief Minister of Jersey">Jersey</a></td> <td>2005</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Farnham" title="Lyndon Farnham">Lyndon Farnham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jordan" title="Prime Minister of Jordan">Jordan</a></td> <td>1944</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jafar_Hassan" title="Jafar Hassan">Jafar Hassan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kazakhstan" title="Prime Minister of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></td> <td>1920</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oljas_Bektenov" title="Oljas Bektenov">Oljas Bektenov</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kenya" title="Prime Minister of Kenya">Kenya</a></td> <td>1963</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of premiers of North Korea">North Korea</a></td> <td>1948</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kim_Tok-hun" title="Kim Tok-hun">Kim Tok-hun</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">South Korea</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_South_Korea" title="List of prime ministers of South Korea">List</a>)</td> <td>1948</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Han_Duck-soo" title="Han Duck-soo">Han Duck-soo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kosovo" title="Prime Minister of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></td> <td>1945</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albin_Kurti" title="Albin Kurti">Albin Kurti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Kuwait" title="List of prime ministers of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></td> <td>1962</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Al-Abdullah_Al-Sabah" title="Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah">Sheikh Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kurdistan_Region" title="Prime Minister of Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan</a></td> <td>1992</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Masrour_Barzani" title="Masrour Barzani">Masrour Barzani</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></td> <td>1924</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akylbek_Japarov" title="Akylbek Japarov">Akylbek Japarov</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Laos" title="Prime Minister of Laos">Laos</a></td> <td>1941</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sonexay_Siphandone" title="Sonexay Siphandone">Sonexay Siphandone</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Latvia" title="Prime Minister of Latvia">Latvia</a></td> <td>1918</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Evika_Sili%C5%86a" title="Evika Siliņa">Evika Siliņa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Lebanon" title="List of prime ministers of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></td> <td>1926</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Najib_Mikati" title="Najib Mikati">Najib Mikati</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></td> <td>1965</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sam_Matekane" title="Sam Matekane">Sam Matekane</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Libya" title="List of heads of government of Libya">Libya</a></td> <td>1951</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Dbeibeh" title="Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh">Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Liechtenstein" title="List of heads of government of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></td> <td>1921</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Risch" title="Daniel Risch">Daniel Risch</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td>1918</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ingrida_%C5%A0imonyt%C4%97" title="Ingrida Šimonytė">Ingrida Šimonytė</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td> <td>1959</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luc_Frieden" title="Luc Frieden">Luc Frieden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></td> <td>1833</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Ntsay" title="Christian Ntsay">Christian Ntsay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of Malawi">Malawi</a></td> <td>1963</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>yes</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of Mali">Mali</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Choguel_Kokalla_Ma%C3%AFga" title="Choguel Kokalla Maïga">Choguel Kokalla Maïga</a> (interim) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Malta</a></td> <td>1921</td> <td>yes</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Robert Abela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></td> <td>1986</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Cannan" title="Alfred Cannan">Alfred Cannan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Ould_Djay" title="Mokhtar Ould Djay">Mokhtar Ould Djay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Mauritius" title="List of prime ministers of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></td> <td>1961</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pravind_Jugnauth" title="Pravind Jugnauth">Pravind Jugnauth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prime ministers of Moldova">Moldova</a></td> <td>1990</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dorin_Recean" title="Dorin Recean">Dorin Recean</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(Monaco)" title="Minister of State (Monaco)">Monaco</a></td> <td>1911</td> <td>n/a</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Dartout" title="Pierre Dartout">Pierre Dartout</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mongolia" title="Prime Minister of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></td> <td>1912</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luvsannamsrain_Oyun-Erdene" title="Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene">Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></td> <td>1879</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87" title="Milojko Spajić">Milojko Spajić</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Montserrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></td> <td>1960</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Easton_Taylor-Farrell" title="Easton Taylor-Farrell">Easton Taylor-Farrell</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Morocco" title="Prime Minister of Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>1955</td> <td>yes</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Akhannouch" title="Aziz Akhannouch">Aziz Akhannouch</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></td> <td>1974</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adriano_Maleiane" title="Adriano Maleiane">Adriano Maleiane</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Burma">Myanmar (Burma)</a></td> <td>1948</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing" title="Min Aung Hlaing">Min Aung Hlaing</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Namibia" title="Prime Minister of Namibia">Namibia</a></td> <td>1990</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saara_Kuugongelwa" title="Saara Kuugongelwa">Saara Kuugongelwa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Nepal" title="List of prime ministers of Nepal">Nepal</a></td> <td>1803</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/KP_Sharma_Oli" class="mw-redirect" title="KP Sharma Oli">KP Sharma Oli</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of prime ministers of the Netherlands">List</a>)</td> <td>1848</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Dick Schoof</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of prime ministers of New Zealand">List</a>)</td> <td>1856</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="List of premiers of Newfoundland and Labrador">List</a>)</td> <td>1855</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Furey" title="Andrew Furey">Andrew Furey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Niger" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of Niger">Niger</a></td> <td>1958</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ali_Lamine_Zeine" title="Ali Lamine Zeine">Ali Lamine Zeine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nigeria" title="President of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td> <td>1960</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of Niue">Niue</a></td> <td>1974</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Dalton_Tagelagi" title="Dalton Tagelagi">Dalton Tagelagi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Norfolk_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></td> <td>1896</td> <td>2015</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_North_Macedonia" title="Prime Minister of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></td> <td>1943</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hristijan_Mickoski" title="Hristijan Mickoski">Hristijan Mickoski</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_Prime_Ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Norwegian Prime Ministers">Norway</a></td> <td>1814</td> <td>yes</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_St%C3%B8re" title="Jonas Gahr Støre">Jonas Gahr Støre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Pakistan" title="List of prime ministers of Pakistan">List</a>)</td> <td>1947</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif" title="Shehbaz Sharif">Shehbaz Sharif</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prime Minister of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></td> <td>2003</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mustafa_(economist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Mustafa (economist)">Mohammad Mustafa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prime ministers of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></td> <td>1975</td> <td>yes</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Marape" title="James Marape">James Marape</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prime ministers of Peru">Peru</a></td> <td>1857</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Adrianz%C3%A9n" title="Gustavo Adrianzén">Gustavo Adrianzén</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Philippines" title="Prime Minister of the Philippines">Philippines</a></td> <td>1899</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">Poland</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Poland" title="List of prime ministers of Poland">List</a>)</td> <td>1918</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Portugal</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Portugal" title="List of prime ministers of Portugal">List</a>)</td> <td>1834</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro" title="Luís Montenegro">Luís Montenegro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Qatar" title="List of prime ministers of Qatar">Qatar</a></td> <td>1970</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Abdulrahman_bin_Jassim_Al_Thani" title="Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani">Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prime ministers of Romania">List</a>)</td> <td>1862</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Marcel Ciolacu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Russia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Russia" title="List of heads of government of Russia">List</a>)</td> <td>1864/1905</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mikhail Mishustin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Rwanda" title="Prime Minister of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></td> <td>1960</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Ngirente" title="Édouard Ngirente">Édouard Ngirente</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></td> <td>1960</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terrance_Drew" title="Terrance Drew">Terrance Drew</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></td> <td>1960</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philip_Pierre" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Pierre">Philip Pierre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></td> <td>1956</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Gonsalves" title="Ralph Gonsalves">Ralph Gonsalves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Samoa" title="Prime Minister of Samoa">Samoa</a></td> <td>1875</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fiam%C4%93_Naomi_Mata%CA%BBafa" title="Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa">Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Principe" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of São Tomé and Principe">São Tomé and Principe</a></td> <td>1974</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Trovoada" title="Patrice Trovoada">Patrice Trovoada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></td> <td>1953</td> <td>no</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad bin Salman">Mohammad bin Salman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Senegal" title="Prime Minister of Senegal">Senegal</a></td> <td>1957</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ousmane_Sonko" title="Ousmane Sonko">Ousmane Sonko</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td>1805</td> <td>yes</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Vu%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Miloš Vučević">Miloš Vučević</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Seychelles" title="Prime Minister of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></td> <td>1970</td> <td>yes</td> <td>years</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Sierra_Leone" title="List of heads of government of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></td> <td>1954</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Moinina_Sengeh" title="David Moinina Sengeh">David Moinina Sengeh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Singapore</a></td> <td>1959</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Lawrence Wong</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sint_Maarten" title="Prime Minister of Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></td> <td>2010</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silveria_Jacobs" title="Silveria Jacobs">Silveria Jacobs</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">Slovakia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prime ministers of Slovakia">List</a>)</td> <td>1993</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovenia" title="Prime Minister of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></td> <td>1943</td> <td>yes</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Golob" title="Robert Golob">Robert Golob</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></td> <td>1949</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Manele" title="Jeremiah Manele">Jeremiah Manele</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Somalia">Somalia</a></td> <td>1949</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamza_Abdi_Barre" title="Hamza Abdi Barre">Hamza Abdi Barre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Africa" title="Prime Minister of South Africa">South Africa</a></td> <td>1910</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Ossetia" title="Prime Minister of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></td> <td>1991</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Dzhussoev" title="Konstantin Dzhussoev">Konstantin Dzhussoev</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Spain</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Spain" title="List of prime ministers of Spain">List</a>)</td> <td>1705</td> <td>yes</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro Sánchez (politician)">Pedro Sánchez</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Prime Minister of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Sri_Lankan_Prime_Ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sri Lankan Prime Ministers">List</a>)</td> <td>1948</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harini_Amarasuriya" title="Harini Amarasuriya">Harini Amarasuriya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Sudan">Sudan</a></td> <td>1952</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osman_Hussein_(politician)" title="Osman Hussein (politician)">Osman Hussein</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Suriname">Suriname</a></td> <td>1949</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of Swaziland">Swaziland</a></td> <td>1967</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russell_Dlamini" title="Russell Dlamini">Russell Dlamini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Sweden</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Sweden" title="List of prime ministers of Sweden">List</a>)</td> <td>1876</td> <td>yes</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson" title="Ulf Kristersson">Ulf Kristersson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Syria" title="List of prime ministers of Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>1920</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ghazi_al-Jalali" title="Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali">Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">Taiwan (Republic of China)</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="List of premiers of the Republic of China">List</a>)</td> <td>1912</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cho_Jung-tai" title="Cho Jung-tai">Cho Jung-tai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prime ministers of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></td> <td>1924</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kokhir_Rasulzoda" title="Kokhir Rasulzoda">Kokhir Rasulzoda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Tanzania" title="List of prime ministers of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></td> <td>1960</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kassim_Majaliwa" title="Kassim Majaliwa">Kassim Majaliwa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Thailand</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Thailand">List</a>)</td> <td>1932</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paetongtarn_Shinawatra" title="Paetongtarn Shinawatra">Paetongtarn Shinawatra</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Togo" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of Togo">Togo</a></td> <td>1956</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Victoire_Tomegah_Dogb%C3%A9" title="Victoire Tomegah Dogbé">Victoire Tomegah Dogbé</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heads_of_government_of_Tokelau" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of government of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></td> <td>1992</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerisiano_Kalolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerisiano Kalolo">Kerisiano Kalolo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tonga" title="Prime Minister of Tonga">Tonga</a></td> <td>1876</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siaosi_Sovaleni" title="Siaosi Sovaleni">Siaosi Sovaleni</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Transnistria" title="Prime Minister of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></td> <td>2012</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Rosenberg_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Rosenberg (politician)">Aleksandr Rosenberg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></td> <td>1956</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Keith_Rowley" title="Keith Rowley">Keith Rowley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tunisia" title="Prime Minister of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></td> <td>1969</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamel_Madouri" title="Kamel Madouri">Kamel Madouri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Turkey</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Turkey" title="List of prime ministers of Turkey">List</a>)</td> <td>1920</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkmenistan" title="Prime Minister of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></td> <td>1924</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></td> <td>1976</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_Misick" title="Washington Misick">Washington Misick</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tuvalu" title="Prime Minister of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></td> <td>1975</td> <td>n/a</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Feleti_Teo" title="Feleti Teo">Feleti Teo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Uganda" title="Prime Minister of Uganda">Uganda</a></td> <td>1961</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robinah_Nabbanja" title="Robinah Nabbanja">Robinah Nabbanja</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Ukraine</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Ukraine" title="List of prime ministers of Ukraine">List</a>)</td> <td>1917</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Denys Shmyhal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></td> <td>1971</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Al_Maktoum" title="Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum">Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">List</a>)</td> <td>1721</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Government_(Uruguay)#History" title="National Council of Government (Uruguay)">Uruguay</a></td> <td>No List (post established 1919)</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Uzbekistan" title="Prime Minister of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></td> <td>1924</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdulla_Aripov" title="Abdulla Aripov">Abdulla Aripov</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vanuatu" title="Prime Minister of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></td> <td>1980</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charlot_Salwai" title="Charlot Salwai">Charlot Salwai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Vatican</a></td> <td>1644</td> <td>-</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parolin" title="Pietro Parolin">Cardinal Pietro Parolin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td> <td>1976</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Minh_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Phạm Minh Chính">Phạm Minh Chính</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yemen" title="Prime Minister of Yemen">Yemen</a></td> <td>1990</td> <td>yes</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maeen_Abdulmalik_Saeed" title="Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed">Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Western Sahara</a></td> <td>1976</td> <td>no</td> <td>years</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bouchraya_Hammoudi_Bayoun" title="Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun">Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Zambia" title="Prime Minister of Zambia">Zambia</a></td> <td>1964</td> <td>yes</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Zimbabwe" title="Prime Minister of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></td> <td>1923</td> <td>-</td> <td>dates</td> <td>(Post abolished) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_prime_ministers_by_date_of_assumption_of_office" title="List of current prime ministers by date of assumption of office">List of current prime ministers by date of assumption of office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister" title="Chief minister">Chief minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-general" title="Governor-general">Governor-general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_ministerial_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime ministerial government">Prime ministerial government</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Lists</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">List of current heads of state and government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_democracy_and_election-related_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of democracy and election-related topics">List of democracy and election-related topics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> The posts of Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury are separate and need not be held by the one person, though the last prime minister not to be First Lord of the Treasury was Lord Salisbury at the turn of the 20th century. <a href="/wiki/10_Downing_Street" title="10 Downing Street">10 Downing Street</a> is actually the First Lord's residence, not the prime minister's. As Salisbury was not First Lord, he had to live elsewhere as prime minister.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Although the roles of the Spanish head of government coincide with the definition of a 'prime minister', in Spain the position is in fact referred to as 'the Presidency of the Government'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Which Members, though, are left to uncodified convention. As appointment to the Privy Council normally lasts for life, <i>former</i> Cabinet ministers predominate. The convention of <a href="/wiki/Responsible_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Responsible Government">Responsible Government</a>, however, requires the Governor General to only act on the advice of the current Cabinet (or its ministers relevant to the issue at hand).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Cabinet_of_Ministers" title="Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers">Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Prime_minister" title="Special:EditPage/Prime minister">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Prime+minister%22">"Prime minister"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Prime+minister%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Prime+minister%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Prime+minister%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Prime+minister%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Prime+minister%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rimakjournal.com/the-root-of-the-great-vizier-in-the-ottoman-empire-until-the-era-of-sultan-muhammad-al-fateh-1429-1481_963#:~:text=Among%20the%20positions%20that%20the,shrines%20within%20the%20Ottoman%20Empire">"(The Root of the Great Vizier in the Ottoman Empire Until the Era of Sultan Muhammad Al-Fateh 1429-1481)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%28The+Root+of+the+Great+Vizier+in+the+Ottoman+Empire+Until+the+Era+of+Sultan+Muhammad+Al-Fateh+1429-1481%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rimakjournal.com%2Fthe-root-of-the-great-vizier-in-the-ottoman-empire-until-the-era-of-sultan-muhammad-al-fateh-1429-1481_963%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAmong%2520the%2520positions%2520that%2520the%2Cshrines%2520within%2520the%2520Ottoman%2520Empire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+minister" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/the-ottoman-empires-no-2-man-62481">"The Ottoman Empire's No 2 man"</a>. 17 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ottoman+Empire%27s+No+2+man&rft.date=2014-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fthe-ottoman-empires-no-2-man-62481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+minister" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tutorchase.com/answers/ib/history/what-role-did-the-vizier-play-in--abbasid-administration">"What role did the vizier play in 'Abbasid administration? | TutorChase"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+role+did+the+vizier+play+in+%27Abbasid+administration%3F+%26%23124%3B+TutorChase&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tutorchase.com%2Fanswers%2Fib%2Fhistory%2Fwhat-role-did-the-vizier-play-in--abbasid-administration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+minister" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rnlnJbC2yRsC">"Testament Politique du Cardinal Duc de Richelieu, Premier Ministre de France sous le Règne de Louïs XIII"</a>. 1709. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808195158/https://books.google.fi/books?id=rnlnJbC2yRsC&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Testament+Politique+du+Cardinal+Duc+de+Richelieu%2C+Premier+Ministre+de+France+sous+le+R%C3%A8gne+de+Lou%C3%AFs+XIII&rft.date=1709&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrnlnJbC2yRsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+minister" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Ancien_Régime/105343">Ancien Régime</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181031044903/https://larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Ancien_R%c3%a9gime/105343">Archived</a> 31 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Encyclopédie Larousse ("Après 1661, Louis XIV impose une nouvelle formule, qui joue à la fois sur les ministres et sur les conseils, sans accepter la primauté d'un ministre.")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/151304?rskey=fPLQIK&result=2&isAdvanced=false#eid">"Oxford English Dictionary"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F151304%3Frskey%3DfPLQIK%26result%3D2%26isAdvanced%3Dfalse%23eid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+minister" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/the-ottoman-empires-no-2-man-62481">"The Ottoman Empire's No 2 man"</a>. 17 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ottoman+Empire%27s+No+2+man&rft.date=2014-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fthe-ottoman-empires-no-2-man-62481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+minister" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rimakjournal.com/the-root-of-the-great-vizier-in-the-ottoman-empire-until-the-era-of-sultan-muhammad-al-fateh-1429-1481_963#:~:text=Among%20the%20positions%20that%20the,shrines%20within%20the%20Ottoman%20Empire">"(The Root of the Great Vizier in the Ottoman Empire Until the Era of Sultan Muhammad Al-Fateh 1429-1481)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%28The+Root+of+the+Great+Vizier+in+the+Ottoman+Empire+Until+the+Era+of+Sultan+Muhammad+Al-Fateh+1429-1481%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rimakjournal.com%2Fthe-root-of-the-great-vizier-in-the-ottoman-empire-until-the-era-of-sultan-muhammad-al-fateh-1429-1481_963%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAmong%2520the%2520positions%2520that%2520the%2Cshrines%2520within%2520the%2520Ottoman%2520Empire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+minister" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tutorchase.com/answers/ib/history/what-role-did-the-vizier-play-in--abbasid-administration">"What role did the vizier play in 'Abbasid administration? | TutorChase"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+role+did+the+vizier+play+in+%27Abbasid+administration%3F+%26%23124%3B+TutorChase&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tutorchase.com%2Fanswers%2Fib%2Fhistory%2Fwhat-role-did-the-vizier-play-in--abbasid-administration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+minister" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208232341/http://www.bl.uk/magna-carta/articles/britains-unwritten-constitution">"Britain's unwritten constitution"</a>. British Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/magna-carta/articles/britains-unwritten-constitution">the original</a> on 8 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2015</span>. <q>The key landmark is the Bill of Rights (1689), which established the supremacy of Parliament over the Crown.... The Bill of Rights (1689) then settled the primacy of Parliament over the monarch's prerogatives, providing for the regular meeting of Parliament, free elections to the Commons, free speech in parliamentary debates, and some basic human rights, most famously freedom from 'cruel or unusual punishment'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Britain%27s+unwritten+constitution&rft.pub=British+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fmagna-carta%2Farticles%2Fbritains-unwritten-constitution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+minister" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDr_Andrew_Blick_and_Professor_George_Jones_—_No_10_guest_historian_series,_Prime_Ministers_and_No._102012" class="citation web cs1">Dr Andrew Blick and Professor George Jones — No 10 guest historian series, Prime Ministers and No. 10 (1 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.blog.gov.uk/2012/01/01/the-institution-of-prime-minister/">"The Institution of Prime Minister"</a>. Government of the United Kingdom: History of Government Blog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310152512/https://history.blog.gov.uk/2012/01/01/the-institution-of-prime-minister/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Institution+of+Prime+Minister&rft.pub=Government+of+the+United+Kingdom%3A+History+of+Government+Blog&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.au=Dr+Andrew+Blick+and+Professor+George+Jones+%E2%80%94+No+10+guest+historian+series%2C+Prime+Ministers+and+No.+10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.blog.gov.uk%2F2012%2F01%2F01%2Fthe-institution-of-prime-minister%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+minister" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter2015" class="citation book cs1">Carter, Byrum E. (2015) [1955]. "The Historical Development of the Office of Prime Minister". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ez7WCgAAQBAJ"><i>Office of the Prime Minister</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400878260" title="Special:BookSources/9781400878260"><bdi>9781400878260</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160601045620/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ez7WCgAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Historical+Development+of+the+Office+of+Prime+Minister&rft.btitle=Office+of+the+Prime+Minister&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781400878260&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Byrum+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dez7WCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+minister" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeidleDocherty2003" class="citation book cs1">Seidle, F. Leslie; Docherty, David C. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i6je60BF-3sC&pg=PA3"><i>Reforming parliamentary democracy</i></a>. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773525085" title="Special:BookSources/9780773525085"><bdi>9780773525085</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160623171013/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=i6je60BF-3sC&pg=PA3&&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi0uK-cq6XMAhXGC8AKHaq8B-EQ6AEIMDAE">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reforming+parliamentary+democracy&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780773525085&rft.aulast=Seidle&rft.aufirst=F.+Leslie&rft.au=Docherty%2C+David+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di6je60BF-3sC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+minister" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnstonReisman2008" class="citation book cs1">Johnston, Douglas M.; Reisman, W. Michael (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dVuwCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA571"><i>The Historical Foundations of World Order</i></a>. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 571. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9047423935" title="Special:BookSources/978-9047423935"><bdi>978-9047423935</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222248/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dVuwCQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA538&ots=IyjxeR16Zk&pg=PA571">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Foundations+of+World+Order&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=571&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9047423935&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Douglas+M.&rft.au=Reisman%2C+W.+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdVuwCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+minister" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFieldhouseMadden1990" class="citation book cs1">Fieldhouse, David; Madden, Frederick (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nZHdAZDr-kYC&pg=PR21"><i>Settler self-government, 1840–1900 : the development of representative and responsible government</i></a> (1. publ. ed.). New York: Greenwood Press. p. xxi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313273261" title="Special:BookSources/9780313273261"><bdi>9780313273261</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304015800/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nZHdAZDr-kYC&lpg=PR20&ots=B0fgbjHVp4&pg=PR21">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Settler+self-government%2C+1840%E2%80%931900+%3A+the+development+of+representative+and+responsible+government&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=xxi&rft.edition=1.+publ.&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780313273261&rft.aulast=Fieldhouse&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Madden%2C+Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnZHdAZDr-kYC%26pg%3DPR21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+minister" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulian_Go2007" class="citation book cs1">Julian Go (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kYmmnYKEvE0C&pg=PA94">"A Globalizing Constitutionalism?, Views from the Postcolony, 1945-2000"</a>. In Arjomand, Saïd Amir (ed.). <i>Constitutionalism and political reconstruction</i>. Brill. pp. 92–94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004151741" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004151741"><bdi>978-9004151741</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306121536/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kYmmnYKEvE0C&lpg=PA93&ots=nOUN11pmfK&pg=PA94">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Globalizing+Constitutionalism%3F%2C+Views+from+the+Postcolony%2C+1945-2000&rft.btitle=Constitutionalism+and+political+reconstruction&rft.pages=92-94&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9004151741&rft.au=Julian+Go&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkYmmnYKEvE0C%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+minister" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/features/how-the-westminster-parliamentary-system-was-exported-around-the-world">"How the Westminster Parliamentary System was exported around the World"</a>. University of Cambridge. 2 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131216190945/http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/features/how-the-westminster-parliamentary-system-was-exported-around-the-world">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+the+Westminster+Parliamentary+System+was+exported+around+the+World&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft.date=2013-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cam.ac.uk%2Fresearch%2Ffeatures%2Fhow-the-westminster-parliamentary-system-was-exported-around-the-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+minister" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PCpage25-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PCpage25_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090925163150/http://www.privy-council.org.uk/output/Page25.asp">"Privy Council Members"</a>. The Privy Council Office. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.privy-council.org.uk/output/Page25.asp">the original</a> on 25 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Privy+Council+Members&rft.pub=The+Privy+Council+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.privy-council.org.uk%2Foutput%2FPage25.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+minister" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/Const/page-1.html">Constitution Act, 1867</a></i> (U.K.), 30 & 31 Vict., c. 3. See also “Constitution Act, 1867,” in: Justice Canada, ed., <i>A Consolidation of</i> The Constitution Acts, 1867 to 1982, Government of Canada Catalogue № <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/CONST_E.pdf">YX1‑1/2012</a> (Ottawa: 2012), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780660674582" title="Special:BookSources/9780660674582">9780660674582</a>, pp. 1–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/Const/page-1.html">Constitution Act, 1867</a></i> (U.K.), 30 & 31 Vict., c. 3, Part 2 (§ 11 in particular). See also “Constitution Act, 1867,” in: Justice Canada, ed., <i>A Consolidation of</i> The Constitution Acts, 1867 to 1982, Government of Canada Catalogue № <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/CONST_E.pdf">YX1‑1/2012</a> (Ottawa: 2012), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780660674582" title="Special:BookSources/9780660674582">9780660674582</a>, pp. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/Const/page-15.html#h-38">Constitution Act, 1982</a></i>, Schedule B to the <i>Canada Act 1982</i> (U.K.), 1982, c. 11, §§ 35.1, 49. See also “Constitution Act, 1982,” in: Justice Canada, ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/CONST_E.pdf"><i>A Consolidation of</i> The Constitution Acts, 1867 to 1982</a>, Government of Canada Catalogue № YX1‑1/2012 (Ottawa: 2012), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780660674582" title="Special:BookSources/9780660674582">9780660674582</a>, pp. 53–75 at 63, 68.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_minister&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Andrew Blick & George Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vXbZCgAAQBAJ"><i>Premiership:</i> <i>The Development, Nature and Power of the Office of the British Prime Minister</i></a> (Exeter: Imprint Academic, 2010), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845406479" title="Special:BookSources/9781845406479">9781845406479</a>.</li> <li>Michael Foley, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-tK4nZYLyxcC">The British Presidency</a> (Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2000)</li> <li>Peter Hennessy, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wONEPVvX3YoC">The Prime Minister: The Office and Its Holders Since 1945</a></i> (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2001), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-29313-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-29313-0">978-0-312-29313-0</a>.</li> <li>Paul Langford, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/article/204791">"Prime Ministers and Parliaments: The Long View, Walpole to Blair."</a>, The Annual History of Parliament Lecture, 2005, <i>Parliamentary History</i>, 25, 3 (2006): 382–394, doi:10.1353/pah.2006.0045.</li> <li>Brian Carroll, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W8PUBuw4idYC"><i>Australia's Prime Ministers: From Barton to Howard</i></a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> (Rosenberg Publishing, 2004)</li> <li>James Manor, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X90G8gnoqv4C"><i>Nehru to the Nineties: The Changing Office of Prime Minister in India</i></a> (C. Hurst & Co., 1994)</li> <li>Jagdish Chandra Sharma, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8QkxBhRU2-AC&q=prime+minister+of+india"><i>Indian Prime Ministership: A Comprehensive Study</i></a> (Concept Publishing Company, 2002), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170229247" title="Special:BookSources/9788170229247">9788170229247</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Titles_used_for_heads_of_government" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_heads_of_government" title="Template:Types of heads of government"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Types_of_heads_of_government" title="Template talk:Types of heads of government"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Types_of_heads_of_government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Types of heads of government"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Titles_used_for_heads_of_government" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Titles used for <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">heads of government</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_(head_of_government)" title="Chief executive (head of government)">Chief executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister" title="Chief minister">Chief minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Federal Council</a> (collective head of government)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_minister" title="First minister">First minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister-president" title="Minister-president">Minister-president</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier" title="Premier">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Council_of_Ministers" title="President of the Council of Ministers">President of the Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">President of the Executive Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_government" title="President of the government">President of the government</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prime minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Council_of_People%27s_Commissars_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union">Chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State">President of the Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Elder_of_Estonia" title="State Elder of Estonia">State Elder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers" title="Template:Prime ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers" title="Template talk:Prime ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prime ministers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prime ministers<br />by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Abkhazia" title="Prime Minister of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Afghanistan" title="Prime Minister of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Algeria" title="Prime Minister of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Armenia" title="Prime Minister of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Aruba" title="Prime Minister of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azerbaijan" title="Prime Minister of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Bahamas" title="Prime Minister of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bahrain" title="Prime Minister of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Barbados" title="Prime Minister of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belarus" title="Prime Minister of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_Bermuda" title="List of premiers of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Burundi" title="Prime Minister of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cambodia" title="Prime Minister of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cameroon" title="Prime Minister of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo">Congo (Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo (Democratic Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Prime Minister of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cuba" title="Prime Minister of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Prime Minister of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Dominica" title="Prime Minister of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_East_Timor" title="Prime Minister of East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Fiji" title="Prime Minister of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Gabon" title="Prime Minister of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greenland" title="Prime Minister of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Guinea" title="List of prime ministers of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Guyana" title="Prime Minister of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Haiti" title="Prime Minister of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland" title="Prime Minister of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jamaica" title="Prime Minister of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jordan" title="Prime Minister of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kazakhstan" title="Prime Minister of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_North_Korea" title="Premier of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kosovo" title="Prime Minister of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Cabinet_of_Ministers_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Laos" title="Prime Minister of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Latvia" title="Prime Minister of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon" title="Prime Minister of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Lesotho" title="List of prime ministers of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Luxembourg" title="List of prime ministers of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Madagascar" title="Prime Minister of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius" title="Prime Minister of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Moldova" title="Prime Minister of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mongolia" title="Prime Minister of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Morocco" title="Prime Minister of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Myanmar" title="Prime Minister of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Namibia" title="Prime Minister of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nepal" title="Prime Minister of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Niue" title="Prime Minister of Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_North_Macedonia" title="Prime Minister of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prime Minister of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Peru" title="Prime Minister of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Rwanda" title="Prime Minister of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Samoa" title="Prime Minister of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="List of prime ministers of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Principe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Senegal" title="Prime Minister of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sint_Maarten" title="Prime Minister of Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovenia" title="Prime Minister of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Prime Minister of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Ossetia" title="Prime Minister of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Prime Minister of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Swaziland">Swaziland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Syria" title="Prime Minister of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tajikistan" title="Prime Minister of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tanzania" title="Prime Minister of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tonga" title="Prime Minister of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_Government_of_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of Government of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tuvalu" title="Prime Minister of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Uganda" title="Prime Minister of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Uzbekistan" title="Prime Minister of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vanuatu" title="Prime Minister of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yemen" title="Prime Minister of Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct title</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Angola" title="Prime Minister of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Brazil" title="Prime Minister of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ghana" title="Prime Minister of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indonesia" title="Prime Minister of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iran" title="Prime Minister of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kenya" title="Prime Minister of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malawi" title="Prime Minister of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Maldives" title="Prime Minister of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nigeria" title="Prime Minister of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Philippines" title="Prime Minister of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Seychelles" title="Prime Minister of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Africa" title="Prime Minister of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkmenistan" title="Prime Minister of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Zambia" title="Prime Minister of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Zimbabwe" title="Prime Minister of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Common_types_of_government_ministers_and_ministries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_government_ministers_and_ministries" title="Template:Types of government ministers and ministries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Types_of_government_ministers_and_ministries" title="Template talk:Types of government ministers and ministries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Types_of_government_ministers_and_ministries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Types of government ministers and ministries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_types_of_government_ministers_and_ministries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common types of government <a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">ministers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_(government_department)" title="Ministry (government department)">ministries</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_president" title="Vice president">Vice president</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prime minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_prime_minister" title="Deputy prime minister">Deputy prime minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_minister" title="First minister">First minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_First_Minister_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Deputy First Minister (disambiguation)">Deputy First Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier" title="Premier">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Office of the President (disambiguation)">Office of the president</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_department" title="Cabinet department">Cabinet department / Office of the prime minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics)">Speaker / President of the assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state" title="Secretary of state">Secretary of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of state">Minister of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_minister" title="Deputy minister">Deputy minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undersecretary" title="Undersecretary">Undersecretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_secretary" title="Parliamentary secretary">Assistant minister/Parliamentary secretary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defence / <br /> foreign affairs /<br />public safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_defence" title="Ministry of defence">Ministry of defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_foreign_affairs" title="Ministry of foreign affairs">Ministry of foreign affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_minister" title="Immigration minister">Immigration minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_minister" title="Interior minister">Interior minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interior_ministry" title="Interior ministry">Interior ministry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_development_minister" title="International development minister">International development minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_European_Affairs_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Minister for European Affairs (disambiguation)">Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economics/<br />infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_minister" title="Commerce minister">Commerce minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_economy" title="Ministry of the economy">Ministry of the economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_finance" title="Ministry of finance">Ministry of finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Industry minister">Industry minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_infrastructure" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of infrastructure">Ministry of infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_trade_and_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of trade and industry">Ministry of trade and industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of transport">Ministry of transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment / <br />natural resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_minister" title="Energy minister">Energy minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_energy" title="Ministry of energy">Ministry of energy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_minister" title="Environment minister">Environment minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_electricity" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of electricity">Ministry of electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_petroleum" title="Ministry of petroleum">Ministry of petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_water_resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of water resources">Ministry of water resources</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_minister" title="Culture minister">Culture minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of culture">Ministry of culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_minister" title="Education minister">Education minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_education_and_culture" title="Ministry of education and culture">Ministry of education and culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Health minister">Health minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_department" title="Health department">Ministry of health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_minister" title="Information minister">Information minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_minister" title="Housing minister">Housing minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_authority" title="Housing authority">Ministry of housing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_justice" title="Ministry of justice">Ministry of justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_labour" title="Minister of labour">Minister of labour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of labour">Ministry of labour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_minister" title="Regional minister">Regional minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_sports" title="Ministry of sports">Ministry of sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_minister" title="Tourism minister">Tourism minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_home_affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of home affairs">Ministry of home affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_religious_affairs" title="Ministry of religious affairs">Ministry of religious affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_science" title="Ministry of science">Ministry of science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_social_affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of social affairs">Ministry of social affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_social_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of social security">Ministry of social security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Veterans_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Minister for Veterans (disambiguation)">Minister for Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of women">Ministry of women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Women_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Minister for Women (disambiguation)">Minister for women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_without_portfolio" title="Minister without portfolio">Minister without portfolio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_vice_presidents_and_designated_acting_presidents" title="List of current vice presidents and designated acting presidents">Vice presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Prime ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_deputy_prime_ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current deputy prime ministers">Deputy prime ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_presidents_of_legislatures" title="List of current presidents of legislatures">Presidents of assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agriculture_ministries" title="List of agriculture ministries">Agriculture ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_of_climate_change" title="List of ministers of climate change">Climate change ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministries_of_communications" title="List of ministries of communications">Communications ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_defence_ministers" title="List of current defence ministers">Defence ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_education_ministries" title="List of education ministries">Education ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_of_the_environment" title="List of ministers of the environment">Environment ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_ministries" title="List of environmental ministries">Environment ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_finance_ministers" title="List of current finance ministers">Finance 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