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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Electoral history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Jefferson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William J. Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" title="William J. Jefferson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William J. Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" title="William J. Jefferson – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William J. Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" title="William J. Jefferson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William J. Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%87._%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ويليام جيه. چيفيرسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويليام جيه. چيفيرسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" title="William J. Jefferson – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William J. Jefferson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" title="William J. Jefferson – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="William J. 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Jefferson">William J. Jefferson</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (born 1947)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bill Jefferson" redirects here. For the American baseball pitcher, see <a href="/wiki/Bill_Jefferson_(baseball)" title="Bill Jefferson (baseball)">Bill Jefferson (baseball)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">William Jefferson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Jefferson,_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/William_Jefferson%2C_official_photo.jpg/220px-William_Jefferson%2C_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/William_Jefferson%2C_official_photo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="366" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>'s <span data-sort-value="Louisiana02 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 2nd congressional district">2nd</a></span> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1991 – January 3, 2009</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lindy_Boggs" title="Lindy Boggs">Lindy Boggs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cao" title="Joseph Cao">Joseph Cao</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisiana Senate">Louisiana Senate</a></span><br />from the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_5th_State_Senate_district" title="Louisiana's 5th State Senate district">5th</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 1980 – January 1991</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Frederick Eagan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diana_Bajoie" title="Diana Bajoie">Diana Bajoie</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">William Jennings Jefferson</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1947-03-14</span>) </span>March 14, 1947<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 77)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lake_Providence,_Louisiana" title="Lake Providence, Louisiana">Lake Providence, Louisiana</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Andrea Jefferson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">5, including <a href="/wiki/Jalila_Jefferson-Bullock" title="Jalila Jefferson-Bullock">Jalila</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Southern_University" title="Southern University">Southern University, Baton Rouge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Laws" title="Master of Laws">LLM</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/43px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1969–1975</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">Second Lieutenant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">United States Army Reserve</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Rep._William_Jefferson_Speaks_in_Support_of_Temporary_Assistance_to_Families_Impacted_by_Hurricane_Katrina.ogg" title="File:Rep. William Jefferson Speaks in Support of Temporary Assistance to Families Impacted by Hurricane Katrina.ogg">Jefferson's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="146" data-mwtitle="Rep._William_Jefferson_Speaks_in_Support_of_Temporary_Assistance_to_Families_Impacted_by_Hurricane_Katrina.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/Rep._William_Jefferson_Speaks_in_Support_of_Temporary_Assistance_to_Families_Impacted_by_Hurricane_Katrina.ogg/Rep._William_Jefferson_Speaks_in_Support_of_Temporary_Assistance_to_Families_Impacted_by_Hurricane_Katrina.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Rep._William_Jefferson_Speaks_in_Support_of_Temporary_Assistance_to_Families_Impacted_by_Hurricane_Katrina.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Jefferson speaks in support of assistance to families impacted by <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a><br />Recorded September 8, 2005</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Jennings Jefferson</b> (born March 14, 1947) is an American former politician from <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> whose career ended after his corruption scandal and conviction. He served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> for nine terms from 1991 to 2009 as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>. He represented <span data-sort-value="Louisiana02 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 2nd congressional district">Louisiana's 2nd congressional district</a></span>, which includes much of the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_metropolitan_area" title="New Orleans metropolitan area">greater New Orleans</a> area. He was elected as the state's first black congressman since the end of <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction Era">Reconstruction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 13, 2009, Jefferson was sentenced to thirteen years in federal prison for bribery after a <a href="/wiki/William_J._Jefferson_corruption_case" title="William J. Jefferson corruption case">corruption investigation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the longest sentence ever given to a congressman. He began serving that sentence in May 2012 at a <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Prisons" title="Federal Bureau of Prisons">Federal Bureau of Prisons</a> (BOP) <a href="/wiki/Federal_Correctional_Complex,_Beaumont" title="Federal Correctional Complex, Beaumont">facility</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas" title="Beaumont, Texas">Beaumont, Texas</a>. </p><p>He appealed his case after a <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> ruling on similar issues. In light of these findings, on October 5, 2017, Jefferson was ordered released, pending sentencing or other action, after a U.S. District judge threw out seven of ten charges against him.<sup id="cite_ref-larose_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larose-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 1, 2017, Judge <a href="/wiki/T._S._Ellis_III" title="T. S. Ellis III">T. S. Ellis III</a> accepted his plea deal and sentenced Jefferson to <a href="/wiki/Time_served" title="Time served">time served</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stole_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stole-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_family">Early life and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Jefferson_(politician)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jefferson was born on March 14, 1947, in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Providence,_Louisiana" title="Lake Providence, Louisiana">Lake Providence</a>, the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">parish seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/East_Carroll_Parish" class="mw-redirect" title="East Carroll Parish">East Carroll Parish</a> in northeastern Louisiana.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and his eight brothers and sisters worked alongside their father on their farm, and Jefferson was also a heavy-equipment operator for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">United States Army Corps of Engineers</a>. The Jeffersons were among the few African-American families in the area who in the mid-20th century owned their land (as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Sharecropping" title="Sharecropping">sharecropping</a>). They were regarded with respect, but the family struggled in poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-WM_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jefferson graduated from <a href="/wiki/G._W._Griffin_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="G. W. Griffin High School">G. W. Griffin High School</a> in Lake Providence.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969, Jefferson received a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> from <a href="/wiki/Southern_University" title="Southern University">Southern University</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Historically_black_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Historically black college">historically black college</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a>, where he had participated in Army <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers_Training_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve Officers Training Corps">ROTC</a>. In 1969 he led a protest against substandard campus facilities and negotiated a resolution of the complaint with then-<a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Louisiana" title="Governor of Louisiana">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/John_J._McKeithen" class="mw-redirect" title="John J. McKeithen">John J. McKeithen</a>. On graduation from Southern University, Jefferson was commissioned a <a href="/wiki/US_Second_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="US Second Lieutenant">second lieutenant</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>; he served in a reserve capacity until 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1972, he earned a <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>. In 1996, he received a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Laws" title="Master of Laws">LLM</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxation">taxation</a> from <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University_Law_Center" title="Georgetown University Law Center">Georgetown University Law Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> </p><p>In 1972 and 1973 Jefferson began the practice of law, having initially served as a clerk for Judge <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Benjamin_Rubin" title="Alvin Benjamin Rubin">Alvin Benjamin Rubin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Louisiana" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana">United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana</a>. </p><p>Jefferson is the brother of <a href="/wiki/Betty_Jefferson" title="Betty Jefferson">Betty Jefferson</a>, who became assessor for New Orleans and a Democratic field operative; <a href="/wiki/Mose_Jefferson" title="Mose Jefferson">Mose Jefferson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archie Jefferson, and <a href="/wiki/Brenda_Jefferson_Foster" title="Brenda Jefferson Foster">Brenda Jefferson Foster</a>. He is the uncle of <a href="/wiki/Angela_Coleman" title="Angela Coleman">Angela Coleman</a>. </p><p>Jefferson and his wife, Andrea Jefferson, have five daughters: Jamila Jefferson-Jones, <a href="/wiki/Jalila_Jefferson-Bullock" title="Jalila Jefferson-Bullock">Jalila Jefferson-Bullock</a> (a former Louisiana State Representative), Jelani Jefferson Exum (a professor of law at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toledo" title="University of Toledo">University of Toledo</a>), Nailah Jefferson (a documentary filmmaker), and Akilah Jefferson. Jamila, Jalila, and Jelani are all graduates of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>. Nailah is a graduate of <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emerson_College" title="Emerson College">Emerson College</a>. Akilah, a graduate of <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a>, attends the <a href="/wiki/Tulane_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Tulane University School of Medicine">Tulane University School of Medicine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career_in_New_Orleans">Political career in New Orleans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Jefferson_(politician)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career in New Orleans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1973 to 1975, Jefferson was a legislative assistant to Democratic <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/J._Bennett_Johnston" title="J. Bennett Johnston">J. Bennett Johnston</a> of Louisiana. Jefferson moved to New Orleans in 1976 and was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisiana Senate">Louisiana Senate</a> in 1979, where he served until 1990. He twice unsuccessfully ran for <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_Orleans" title="Mayor of New Orleans">New Orleans mayor</a>, having, along with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ron_Faucheux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ron Faucheux (page does not exist)">Ron Faucheux</a>, first challenged <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Morial" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Morial">Dutch Morial</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_mayoral_election,_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans mayoral election, 1982">election of 1982</a>. He was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Barthelemy" title="Sidney Barthelemy">Sidney Barthelemy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1986_New_Orleans_mayoral_election" title="1986 New Orleans mayoral election">mayoral runoff of 1986</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1982 mayoral race, Morial attacked Jefferson by calling him "Dollar Bill". Jefferson was considered a rising star in Louisiana politics, with some suggesting he would be his state's second African-American <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Louisiana" title="Governor of Louisiana">governor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WM_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, midway through his third term in the state senate, Jefferson ran in the <a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_blanket_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisan blanket primary">nonpartisan blanket primary</a> for <a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 2nd congressional district">Louisiana's 2nd congressional district</a> seat after 10-term incumbent <a href="/wiki/Lindy_Boggs" title="Lindy Boggs">Lindy Boggs</a> announced her retirement. He finished first in the seven-candidate field with 24 percent of the vote. In the runoff, he defeated <a href="/wiki/Marc_Morial" title="Marc Morial">Marc Morial</a>, the son of Dutch Morial, with 52 percent of the vote. He was reelected seven times. </p><p>In the House, Jefferson joined the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus" title="Congressional Black Caucus">Congressional Black Caucus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He considered running for governor <a href="/wiki/1995_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1995 Louisiana gubernatorial election">in 1995</a> but did not do so. </p><p>Jefferson ran for governor of Louisiana in the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_gubernatorial_election,_1999" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisiana gubernatorial election, 1999">1999 Louisiana gubernatorial election</a>, and was the de facto "official" Democratic candidate. However, he lost badly to incumbent <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Foster_(American_politician)" title="Mike Foster (American politician)">Mike Foster</a>, having tallied 29.5 percent of the vote and carrying only New Orleans (coextensive with <a href="/wiki/Orleans_Parish,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Orleans Parish, Louisiana">Orleans Parish</a>) and his native <a href="/wiki/East_Carroll_Parish,_Louisiana" title="East Carroll Parish, Louisiana">East Carroll Parish</a>, whose seat is Lake Providence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_influence">Local influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Jefferson_(politician)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Local influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jefferson and his family controlled one of the most sophisticated and effective get-out-the-vote organizations in South Louisiana – the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Progressive_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans Progressive Democrats">Progressive Democrats</a>. Journalist Laura Maggi has described Mose Jefferson, a brother of William, as "the man responsible for running the Progressive Democrats street operation" in New Orleans.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His opponents, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Carter_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ken Carter (politician)">Ken Carter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Singleton" title="Jim Singleton">Jim Singleton</a>, founded the <a href="/wiki/Black_Organization_for_Leadership_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Organization for Leadership Development">Black Organization for Leadership Development</a> as an alternative group. In 2002, the Progressive Democrats' support helped elect Jefferson's protégée <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Gill_Pratt" title="Renée Gill Pratt">Renée Gill Pratt</a> to the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_City_Council" title="New Orleans City Council">New Orleans City Council</a>. Jefferson's daughter <a href="/wiki/Jalila_Jefferson-Bullock" title="Jalila Jefferson-Bullock">Jalila</a> was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Peychaud" title="Rosalind Peychaud">Rosalind Peychaud</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Special election">special election</a> for Gill Pratt's District 91 seat in the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_House_of_Representatives" title="Louisiana House of Representatives">Louisiana State House</a>. She defeated Peychaud in the next regular election. Jefferson's Progressive Democrats organization also contributed to the election of Jefferson's sister <a href="/wiki/Betty_Jefferson" title="Betty Jefferson">Betty</a>, as a municipal assessor, in 1998, 2002 and 2006. </p><p>New Orleans politics substantially changed in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a> in 2005, as many former residents have never returned to the city, changing the demographics of voters. A few days after Hurricane Katrina, Jefferson was reported to have used a <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_National_Guard" title="Louisiana National Guard">Louisiana National Guard</a> detachment to recover personal effects and belongings from his home.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the truck in which he and the detachment traveled became stuck, the Guard helicopter aided Jefferson's party while rescue operations in the city were still underway. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2006_election">2006 election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Jefferson_(politician)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2006 election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Louisiana" title="2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana">2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana</a></div> <p>In the ensuing 2006 election cycle for <a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 2nd congressional district">Louisiana's 2nd congressional district</a>, eight <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party of the United States">Democrats</a>, three <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party of the United States">Republicans</a>, and one <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Party of the United States">Libertarian</a> challengers stood for election against Jefferson.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jefferson had been named as a subject in a corruption probe. </p><p>None of the candidates obtained more than 50% of the vote on the first ballot (November 7, 2006), forcing a runoff. The two candidates who survived the first ballot were both African-American Democrats: Jefferson got 30% of the vote, and <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_House_of_Representatives" title="Louisiana House of Representatives">State Representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Karen_Carter_Peterson" title="Karen Carter Peterson">Karen Carter</a>, who enjoyed support from the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Democratic_Party" title="Louisiana Democratic Party">Louisiana Democratic Party</a>’s establishment, picked up nearly all endorsements from local politicians and the local press; she gathered 22% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carter was Jefferson's first credible challenger since his initial run for Congress. </p><p>Political commentators predicted an easy victory for Carter on the <a href="/wiki/Runoff_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Runoff election">second ballot</a> (to be held on December 9, 2006).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the last week of campaign, however, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Jefferson Parish, Louisiana">Jefferson Parish</a> <a href="/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff">Sheriff</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Lee_(sheriff)" title="Harry Lee (sheriff)">Harry Lee</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">law and order</a> Democrat, urged voters against Carter. She had criticized the conduct of <a href="/wiki/Gretna,_Louisiana" title="Gretna, Louisiana">Gretna</a> police officers and Jefferson Parish deputies in the aftermath of Katrina, as they had prevented evacuees from fleeing New Orleans. Lee mailed out 25,000 fliers and made public statements attacking Carter. The campaign generated much controversy, highlighting racial differences between the parishes.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">Voter turnout</a> dwindled from 24.15% to 16.25%. While residents of the city of New Orleans gave Jefferson a slight majority over Carter, (51% to 49%); the Jefferson Parish share of the district voted for Jefferson by a staggering 71% to 29%, clearly swinging the election in his favor. </p><p>Following Jefferson's reelection, <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker-elect</a> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> announced that Jefferson would not regain his seat on the Ways and Means Committee as long as he is not "cleared of wrongdoing in an ongoing federal corruption probe".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2008_campaign">2008 campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Jefferson_(politician)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2008 campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, Jefferson sought re-election while under indictment for bribery. Six Democrats challenged him for the seat in the Democratic primary. The voting was delayed due to <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gustav" title="Hurricane Gustav">Hurricane Gustav</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the October 4, 2008 Democratic primary, opposition to Jefferson was split among seven contenders. Some of the challengers made strong showings in their base neighborhoods but failed to garner much support in other parts of the district. Jefferson ran second, third, or even fourth in many precincts, but his 25% total was enough to give him a plurality and to send him into the runoff primary, where he faced <a href="/wiki/Helena_Moreno" title="Helena Moreno">Helena Moreno</a>, a former TV newscaster, on November 4. Aided by overwhelming support from African-American voters on the same date as the presidential candidacy of <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> drew them to the polls in unprecedented numbers, Jefferson won the Democratic nomination in the congressional party primary, which barred the district's 41,000 Republicans and many of its 84,000 other voters not registered as Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jefferson won the November 4 Democratic runoff.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The general election round occurred on December 6, 2008. Jefferson faced Republican candidate <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cao" title="Joseph Cao">Anh "Joseph" Cao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party (United States)">Green Party</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Malik_Rahim" title="Malik Rahim">Malik Rahim</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a> candidate Gregory Kahn. An earlier candidate, independent Jerry Jacobs, withdrew.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jefferson was defeated in the general election on December 6, 2008 in a major upset by <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee Cao,<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had endorsements from several prominent <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> including <a href="/wiki/Helena_Moreno" title="Helena Moreno">Moreno</a> and <a href="/wiki/City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="City Council">City Councilwomen</a> <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Clarkson" title="Jackie Clarkson">Jackie Clarkson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stacy_Head" title="Stacy Head">Stacy Head</a>. New Orleans Mayor <a href="/wiki/Ray_Nagin" title="Ray Nagin">Ray Nagin</a> endorsed Jefferson. Cao won by three percentage points. Jefferson was the third Democratic incumbent since the end of Reconstruction to lose to a Republican at the federal level in Louisiana. (But in Louisiana as in other parts of the South, many conservative whites left the Democratic Party for the Republican Party, and alliances have shifted.) </p><p>Jefferson's loss evoked a sensation because of the overwhelmingly Democratic nature of the district; with a <a href="/wiki/Cook_Partisan_Voting_Index" title="Cook Partisan Voting Index">Cook Partisan Voting Index</a> of D+28, it is the third-most Democratic district in <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">the South</a>. Democrats usually win local and state races in landslides. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> carried the district with 72 percent of the vote in the 2008 presidential election. </p><p>Jefferson became the third African-American incumbent Congressman to be unseated in a general election.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corruption_case">Corruption case</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Jefferson_(politician)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Corruption case"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/William_J._Jefferson_corruption_case" title="William J. Jefferson corruption case">William J. Jefferson corruption case</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WilliamJeffersonFreezerPiecrusts_20-45C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/WilliamJeffersonFreezerPiecrusts_20-45C.jpg/220px-WilliamJeffersonFreezerPiecrusts_20-45C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/WilliamJeffersonFreezerPiecrusts_20-45C.jpg/330px-WilliamJeffersonFreezerPiecrusts_20-45C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/WilliamJeffersonFreezerPiecrusts_20-45C.jpg/440px-WilliamJeffersonFreezerPiecrusts_20-45C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>In the August 2005 raid, cash was found wrapped in aluminum foil and hidden in a box for pie crusts.</figcaption></figure> <p>In mid-2005, an investor in the <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a> firm iGate pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribery</a> and the payment of $400,000 in bribes to a public official — a then-unnamed member of the U.S. House of Representatives<sup id="cite_ref-FBIpress2005_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBIpress2005-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later alleged to be Jefferson. In return for these bribes, the public official was alleged to have agreed to persuading the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a> to test iGate's <a href="/wiki/Broadband" title="Broadband">broadband</a> two-way technology and other iGate products; influencing high-ranking officials in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>; and meeting with personnel of the <a href="/wiki/Export-Import_Bank_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Export-Import Bank of the United States">Export-Import Bank of the United States</a> in order to facilitate potential financing for iGate business deals in those countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FBIpress2005_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBIpress2005-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on these allegations, the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> raided Jefferson's Congressional offices in May 2006. On June 4, 2007, a federal <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a> indicted Jefferson on sixteen felony charges related to <a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">corruption</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racket_(crime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Racket (crime)">racketeering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy" title="Conspiracy">conspiracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstruction of justice">obstruction of justice</a> and other offenses.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jefferson was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cao" title="Joseph Cao">Joseph Cao</a> on December 6, 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became the most senior <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> to lose re-election that year.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, he was tried in Virginia on federal corruption charges.<sup id="cite_ref-nola.com_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nola.com-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 5, 2009, he was found guilty of eleven of the sixteen corruption counts.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 13, 2009, Jefferson was sentenced to thirteen years, the longest sentence given to a congressman for bribery or any other crime. </p><p>On March 26, 2012, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit">U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit</a> affirmed Jefferson's conviction and sentence on ten of the eleven counts on which he was convicted.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters-2012-03-26_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2012-03-26-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Court of Appeals vacated and remanded the conviction on one count of the indictment, involving alleged <a href="/wiki/Wire_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Wire fraud">wire fraud</a>, holding that venue on that count was improper in the federal court in Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters-2012-03-26_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2012-03-26-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 20, 2012, <a href="/wiki/U.S._District_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. District Court">U.S. District Court</a> judge <a href="/wiki/T._S._Ellis_III" title="T. S. Ellis III">T. S. Ellis III</a> revoked Jefferson's bail and ordered that he report to prison by May 4, 2012 to begin serving his thirteen-year sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He reported as ordered at the BOP facility in Beaumont, Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was scheduled for release on August 30, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jefferson owed $5 million in legal fees and filed for <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 1, 2015, Jefferson was permanently <a href="/wiki/Disbarment" title="Disbarment">disbarred</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Louisiana">Supreme Court of Louisiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2016 US Supreme Court case of <i><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_v._United_States" title="McDonnell v. United States">McDonnell v. United States</a></i>, the Court remanded the case to the lower court based on issues with the corruption charges against former Virginia Governor <a href="/wiki/Bob_McDonnell" title="Bob McDonnell">Bob McDonnell</a>. The Justice Department has since dropped the case and will not prosecute again. Jefferson appealed and U.S. District Judge T. S. Ellis of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia threw out 7 of the most substantive of 10 charges against him on October 5, 2017: dropping convictions for "two counts of soliciting bribes, two counts of wire fraud, and three counts of <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-larose_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larose-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The judge ordered him released while the government determined the sentence or plans for a retrial.<sup id="cite_ref-larose_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larose-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 1, the government and Jefferson agreed that (1) given Judge Ellis' ruling dismissing some of the counts, one of the three remaining counts also had to be dismissed; and (2) given the time Jefferson already served in prison as well as the expense involved in continued litigation, the parties agreed that if on resentencing Judge Ellis imposed a sentence of time-served, neither party would take any further appeals from Judge Ellis' decision in which he dismissed most, but not all, of the counts against Jefferson. Judge Ellis subsequently sentenced the former congressman to time served, having spent five and a half years of his initial thirteen-year sentence in federal prison. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charges_against_relatives">Charges against relatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Jefferson_(politician)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Charges against relatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 22, 2009, Betty Jefferson, Mose Jefferson, Angela Coleman, and Mose's longtime companion, former New Orleans City Councilwoman Renée Gill Pratt, were indicted for violating the <a href="/wiki/Racketeer_Influenced_and_Corrupt_Organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations">Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations</a> (RICO) Act. On June 5, 2009, all the defendants pleaded not guilty. Their sister Brenda Jefferson Foster was serving as a witness in the government's case against them.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mose Jefferson is also facing a separate trial on charges of bribing Orleans Parish School Board president Ellenese Brooks-Simms.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 28, 2009, <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_judge" title="United States federal judge">United States federal judge</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_L._R._Lemelle" title="Ivan L. R. Lemelle">Ivan L. R. Lemelle</a> delayed the start of the racketeering trial to January 25, 2010. </p><p>On January 10, 2010, Mose Jefferson was convicted of bribery and was sentenced to ten years imprisonment. On February 26, 2010, Betty Jefferson and Angela Coleman pleaded guilty to a single charge of conspiracy. They were expected to testify for the government in the fraud and corruption trial against Mose Jefferson and Pratt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Jefferson_(politician)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Mayor of New Orleans, 1982</b> </p><p>Threshold > 50% </p><p>First Ballot, February 6, 1982 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Morial" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Morial">Ernest Morial</a> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>75,929 (47%) </td> <td>Runoff </td></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ron_Faucheux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ron Faucheux (page does not exist)">Ron Faucheux</a> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>73,441 (45%) </td> <td>Runoff </td></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Bill Jefferson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>11,327 (7%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>n.a. </td> <td>1,164 (1%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Second Ballot, March 20, 1982 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Morial" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Morial">Ernest Morial</a> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>100,703 (53%) </td> <td>Elected </td></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Ron Faucheux </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>88,583 (47%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mayor of New Orleans, 1986</b> </p><p>Threshold > 50% </p><p>First Ballot, February 1, 1986 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Bill Jefferson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>62,333 (39%) </td> <td>Runoff </td></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Barthelemy" title="Sidney Barthelemy">Sidney Barthelemy</a> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>53,961 (33%) </td> <td>Runoff </td></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Sam LeBlanc </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>40,963 (25%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>n.a. </td> <td>4,372 (3%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Second Ballot, March 1, 1986 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Barthelemy" title="Sidney Barthelemy">Sidney Barthelemy</a> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>93,050 (58%) </td> <td>Elected </td></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Bill Jefferson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>67,680 (42%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>State Senator, 1987</b> </p><p>Threshold > 50% </p><p>First Ballot, October 24, 1987 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Bill Jefferson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>No Opponents </td> <td>Elected </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>U. S. Representative, 2nd Congressional District, 1990</b> </p><p>Threshold > 50% </p><p>First Ballot, October 6, 1990 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Bill Jefferson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>32,237 (24%) </td> <td>Runoff </td></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Marc_Morial" title="Marc Morial">Marc Morial</a> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>29,366 (22%) </td> <td>Runoff </td></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Jon Johnson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>25,468 (19%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Woody Koppel </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>24,175 (18%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>n.a. </td> <td>20,800 (17%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Second Ballot, November 6, 1990 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Bill Jefferson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>55,239 (52%) </td> <td>Elected </td></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Marc_Morial" title="Marc Morial">Marc Morial</a> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>50,232 (48%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>U. S. Representative, 2nd Congressional District, 1992</b> </p><p>Threshold > 50% </p><p>First Ballot, October 3, 1992<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Bill Jefferson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>67,030 (73%) </td> <td>Elected </td></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Wilma Knox Irvin </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>14,121 (15%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Roger C. Johnson </td> <td>Independent </td> <td>10,090 (11%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>U. S. Representative, 2nd Congressional District, 1994</b> </p><p>Threshold > 50% </p><p>First Ballot, October 1, 1994 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Bill Jefferson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>60,906 (78%) </td> <td>Elected </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ffe8e8;"> <td>Bob Namer </td> <td>Republican </td> <td>15,113 (19%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>n.a. </td> <td>5,549 (3%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>U. S. Representative, 2nd Congressional District, 1996</b> </p><p>Threshold > 50% </p><p>First Ballot, September 21, 1996 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Bill Jefferson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>No Opponents </td> <td>Elected </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>U. S. Representative, 2nd Congressional District, 1998</b> </p><p>Threshold > 50% </p><p>First Ballot, November 3, 1998 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Bill Jefferson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>102,247 (78%) </td> <td>Elected </td></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>David Reed </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>10,803 (9%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Don-Terry Veal </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>5,899 (5%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Governor of Louisiana, 1999</b> </p><p>Threshold > 50% </p><p>First Ballot, October 23, 1999 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;"><a href="/wiki/Murphy_J._Foster,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Murphy J. Foster, Jr.">Mike Foster</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">Republican </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">805,203 (62%) </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">Elected </td></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Bill Jefferson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>382,445 (30%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>n.a. </td> <td>107,557 (8%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>U. S. Representative, 2nd Congressional District, 2000</b> </p><p>Threshold > 50% </p><p>First Ballot, November 7, 2000 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Bill Jefferson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>No Opponents </td> <td>Elected </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>U. S. Representative, 2nd Congressional District, 2002</b> </p><p>Threshold > 50% </p><p>First Ballot, November 5, 2002 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Bill Jefferson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>90,310 (64%) </td> <td>Elected </td></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Irma_Muse_Dixon" title="Irma Muse Dixon">Irma Muse Dixon</a> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>28,480 (20%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">Silky Sullivan </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">Republican </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">15,440 (11%) </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8;">Defeated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>n.a. </td> <td>7,926 (5%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>U. S. Representative, 2nd Congressional District, 2004</b> </p><p>Threshold > 50% </p><p>First Ballot, November 2, 2004 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Bill Jefferson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>173,510 (79%) </td> <td>Elected </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ffe8e8;"> <td>Art Schwertz </td> <td>Republican </td> <td>46,097 (21%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>U. S. Representative, 2nd Congressional District, 2006</b> </p><p>Threshold > 50% </p><p>First Ballot, November 7, 2006 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Bill Jefferson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>27,706 (30%) </td> <td>Runoff </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#def;"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Carter_Peterson" title="Karen Carter Peterson">Karen Carter</a> </td> <td style="background:#def;">Democratic </td> <td style="background:#def;">19,972 (22%) </td> <td style="background:#def;">Runoff </td></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Derrick_Shepherd" title="Derrick Shepherd">Derrick Shepherd</a> </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>16,621 (18%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ffe8e8;"> <td>Joe Lavigne </td> <td>Republican </td> <td>12,405 (13%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#def;"><a href="/wiki/Troy_Carter_(New_Orleans)" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy Carter (New Orleans)">Troy Carter</a> </td> <td style="background:#def;">Democratic </td> <td style="background:#def;">11,052 (12%) </td> <td style="background:#def;">Defeated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>n.a. </td> <td>4,661 (5%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Second Ballot, December 9, 2006 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Bill Jefferson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>35,153 (57%) </td> <td>Elected </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#def;"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Carter_Peterson" title="Karen Carter Peterson">Karen Carter</a> </td> <td style="background:#def;">Democratic </td> <td style="background:#def;">27,011 (43%) </td> <td style="background:#def;">Defeated </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>U. S. Representative, 2nd Congressional District, 2008</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Louisiana,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana, 2008">United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana, 2008</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Affiliation </th> <th>Support </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr style="background:#ffe8e8;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cao" title="Joseph Cao">Joseph Cao</a> </td> <td>Republican </td> <td>33,122 (49.55%) </td> <td>Elected </td></tr> <tr style="background:#def;"> <td>Bill Jefferson </td> <td>Democratic </td> <td>31,296 (46.82%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>n.a. </td> <td>2,428 (3.63%) </td> <td>Defeated </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Jefferson_(politician)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives" title="List of African-American United States representatives">List of African-American United States representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes" title="List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes">List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal political scandals in the United States">List of federal political scandals in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Jefferson_(politician)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMurray,_ShailaghLengel,_Allan2006" class="citation news cs1">Murray, Shailagh & Lengel, Allan (February 16, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/15/AR2006021502752.html">"The Legal Woes Of Rep. Jefferson"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. p. A01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Legal+Woes+Of+Rep.+Jefferson&rft.pages=A01&rft.date=2006-02-16&rft.au=Murray%2C+Shailagh&rft.au=Lengel%2C+Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F02%2F15%2FAR2006021502752.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2009-11-13-jefferson-bribe-sentence_N.htm">"Ex-congressman gets 13 years in freezer cash case"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. Alexandria, VA. November 13, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714154216/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2009-11-13-jefferson-bribe-sentence_N.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Ex-congressman+gets+13+years+in+freezer+cash+case&rft.date=2009-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2009-11-13-jefferson-bribe-sentence_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-larose-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-larose_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-larose_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-larose_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaRose2017" class="citation news cs1">LaRose, Greg (October 5, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/nation_world/article_d475aebc-c4f8-5fba-a1e2-892d2dfdb68f.html">"William Jefferson ordered released from prison after judge drops 7 of 10 counts"</a>. <i>New Orleans Times-Picayune</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200516174809/https://www.nola.com/nation_world/article_d475aebc-c4f8-5fba-a1e2-892d2dfdb68f.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Orleans+Times-Picayune&rft.atitle=William+Jefferson+ordered+released+from+prison+after+judge+drops+7+of+10+counts&rft.date=2017-10-05&rft.aulast=LaRose&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnation_world%2Farticle_d475aebc-c4f8-5fba-a1e2-892d2dfdb68f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stole-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stole_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/politics/article_b95df370-d6ba-11e7-9c87-3fe6b78b8b81.html">Bryn Stole, "Federal judge approves plea deal for ex-New Orleans congressman Bill Jefferson"</a>, <i>The Advocate</i>, 1 December 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181228080937/https://history.house.gov/People/Detail/15783">"JEFFERSON, William Jennings - US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives"</a>. <i>history.house.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.house.gov/People/Detail/15783">the original</a> on December 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.house.gov&rft.atitle=JEFFERSON%2C+William+Jennings+-+US+House+of+Representatives%3A+History%2C+Art+%26+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FPeople%2FDetail%2F15783&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WM-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WM_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WM_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Berry, Jason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2008/0804.berry.html">"Louisiana Purchase"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly" title="Washington Monthly">Washington Monthly</a></i>, April 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanamericanhighschoolsinlouisianabefore1970.com/g-w-griffin-high-school-lake-providence-la/">"G. W. Griffin High School, Lake Providence, LA"</a>. <i>africanamericanhighschoolsinlouisianabefore1970.com</i>. November 27, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=africanamericanhighschoolsinlouisianabefore1970.com&rft.atitle=G.+W.+Griffin+High+School%2C+Lake+Providence%2C+LA&rft.date=2018-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafricanamericanhighschoolsinlouisianabefore1970.com%2Fg-w-griffin-high-school-lake-providence-la%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526221546/http://www.navyleague.org/legislative_affairs/hor-service-veterans.xls">Navy League spreadsheet of military veterans in Congress.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On August 21, 2009 Mose Jefferson was convicted on four felony counts <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdsu.com/news/20492747/detail.html">"Mose Jefferson guilty of 4 of 7 bribery charges"</a>, WDSU</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grady, Bill. "Mayor's runoff: one goal, two contenders." <i>The New Orleans Times-Picayune</i>, February 23, 1986.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000070">"Jefferson, William Jennings - Biographical Information"</a>. <i>Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jefferson%2C+William+Jennings+-+Biographical+Information&rft.btitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DJ000070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laura Maggi <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nola.com/news/t-p/frontpage/index.ssf?/base/news-13/1249795224320890.xml&coll=1">"Jefferson family tree is shaken: Mighty political organization falls to legal assault portraying corruption"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090812082355/http://www.nola.com/news/t-p/frontpage/index.ssf?%2Fbase%2Fnews-13%2F1249795224320890.xml&coll=1">Archived</a> August 12, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Times-Picayune</i>, 9 August 2009, Metro Edition, pp. A1, A18 (quotation appears on p. A18). Most of Maggi's article concerns inferred connections between the trial of William J. Jefferson and other members of the family, as well as Renée Gill Pratt.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTapper2005" class="citation news cs1">Tapper, Jake (September 13, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/US/HurricaneKatrina/story?id=1123495&page=1">"Amid Katrina Chaos, Congressman Used National Guard to Visit Home"</a>. <i>ABC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Amid+Katrina+Chaos%2C+Congressman+Used+National+Guard+to+Visit+Home&rft.date=2005-09-13&rft.aulast=Tapper&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abcnews.go.com%2FUS%2FHurricaneKatrina%2Fstory%3Fid%3D1123495%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2006" class="citation news cs1">Phillips, Lauren (August 9, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cqpolitics.com/2006/08/bribery_claims_fail_to_keep_je.html">"Bribery Claims Fail to Keep Jefferson from Filing in La. 2"</a>. CQPolitics.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bribery+Claims+Fail+to+Keep+Jefferson+from+Filing+in+La.+2&rft.date=2006-08-09&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cqpolitics.com%2F2006%2F08%2Fbribery_claims_fail_to_keep_je.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/14/AR2006101401267.html">"Democratic Party in La. Backs Rival Of Jefferson"</a>. Associated Press. October 15, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Democratic+Party+in+La.+Backs+Rival+Of+Jefferson&rft.date=2006-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F10%2F14%2FAR2006101401267.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bestofneworleans.com/dispatch/2006-11-21/politics.php">"Jefferson's Dilemma"</a>. Gambit Weekly. November 21, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jefferson%27s+Dilemma&rft.date=2006-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bestofneworleans.com%2Fdispatch%2F2006-11-21%2Fpolitics.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wwltv.com/local/stories/wwl120406tpflyer.52f92338.html">"Harry Lee: Say No to Karen Carter"</a>. WWL-TV New Orleans. December 4, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Harry+Lee%3A+Say+No+to+Karen+Carter&rft.date=2006-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wwltv.com%2Flocal%2Fstories%2Fwwl120406tpflyer.52f92338.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nola.com/news/t-p/washington/index.ssf?/base/news-1/1165992007127930.xml&coll=1">"Jefferson still off crucial committee"</a>. <i>Times-Picayune</i>. December 13, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times-Picayune&rft.atitle=Jefferson+still+off+crucial+committee&rft.date=2006-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Ft-p%2Fwashington%2Findex.ssf%3F%2Fbase%2Fnews-1%2F1165992007127930.xml%26coll%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nola.com/elections/index.ssf/2008/08/2nd_district_congressional_rac_1.html">"William Jefferson says longevity, clout matter"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times-Picayune" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times-Picayune">The Times-Picayune</a></i>. August 20, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times-Picayune&rft.atitle=William+Jefferson+says+longevity%2C+clout+matter&rft.date=2008-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Felections%2Findex.ssf%2F2008%2F08%2F2nd_district_congressional_rac_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nola.com/news/index.ssf/2008/10/six_foes_mostly_avoid_piling_o.html">"Race to unseat U.S. Rep. William Jefferson surprisingly low-key"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times-Picayune" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times-Picayune">The Times-Picayune</a></i>. October 1, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times-Picayune&rft.atitle=Race+to+unseat+U.S.+Rep.+William+Jefferson+surprisingly+low-key&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Findex.ssf%2F2008%2F10%2Fsix_foes_mostly_avoid_piling_o.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mike Conti, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wwl.com/pages/2568003.php?contentType=4&contentId=2392497">"Five Dems sign up to challenge Jefferson on first qualifying day"</a>, on <a href="/wiki/WWL_(AM)" title="WWL (AM)">WWL Radio 870 AM New Orleans</a>, July 9, 2008. Because of the threat of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gustav" title="Hurricane Gustav">Hurricane Gustav</a>, the dates of the first and second party primaries and the general election were moved to later than their customary statutory dates. The same was true of the election cycle in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 4th congressional district">Louisiana's 4th congressional district</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.nola.com/dynamic/files/elections/2008/by_state/LA_Page_1004.html">"Louisiana - Summary Vote Results"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times-Picayune" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times-Picayune">The Times-Picayune</a></i>. October 5, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times-Picayune&rft.atitle=Louisiana+-+Summary+Vote+Results&rft.date=2008-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felections.nola.com%2Fdynamic%2Ffiles%2Felections%2F2008%2Fby_state%2FLA_Page_1004.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrupa2008" class="citation news cs1">Krupa, Michelle (October 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nola.com/elections/index.ssf/2008/10/jefferson_moreno_to_meet_in_ru.html">"Bill Jefferson, Helena Moreno to meet in runoff for Congress"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times-Picayune" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times-Picayune">The Times-Picayune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times-Picayune&rft.atitle=Bill+Jefferson%2C+Helena+Moreno+to+meet+in+runoff+for+Congress&rft.date=2008-10-05&rft.aulast=Krupa&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Felections%2Findex.ssf%2F2008%2F10%2Fjefferson_moreno_to_meet_in_ru.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrupa,_Donze2008" class="citation news cs1">Krupa, Donze (November 4, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nola.com/news/index.ssf/2008/11/rep_jefferson_cruises_to_reele.html">"U.S. Rep. William Jefferson cruises past Moreno to December runoff"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times-Picayune" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times-Picayune">The Times-Picayune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times-Picayune&rft.atitle=U.S.+Rep.+William+Jefferson+cruises+past+Moreno+to+December+runoff&rft.date=2008-11-04&rft.au=Krupa%2C+Donze&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Findex.ssf%2F2008%2F11%2Frep_jefferson_cruises_to_reele.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nola.live.advance.net/news/t-p/washington/index.ssf?/base/news-2/1228198818278400.xml&coll=1&thispage=1">Michelle Krupa [with Frank Donze], "2 Candidates Offer Alternative Views,"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Times-Picayune" class="mw-redirect" title="Times-Picayune">Times-Picayune</a></i>, December 2, 2008, pp. A6, A7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081211004408/http://nola.live.advance.net/news/t-p/washington/index.ssf?%2Fbase%2Fnews-2%2F1228198818278400.xml&coll=1&thispage=1">Archived</a> December 11, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/12/06/louisiana.congress/index.html">"Louisiana congressman loses re-election bid"</a>. CNN. December 7, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Louisiana+congressman+loses+re-election+bid&rft.date=2006-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2008%2FPOLITICS%2F12%2F06%2Flouisiana.congress%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudin2008" class="citation news cs1">Rudin, Ken (December 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/blogs/politicaljunkie/2008/12/bill_jefferson_joins_a_select.html">"Bill Jefferson Joins A Select Group"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Public+Radio&rft.atitle=Bill+Jefferson+Joins+A+Select+Group&rft.date=2008-12-08&rft.aulast=Rudin&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fblogs%2Fpoliticaljunkie%2F2008%2F12%2Fbill_jefferson_joins_a_select.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span> The other two African Americans defeated in general elections were Republicans <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Stanton_De_Priest" title="Oscar Stanton De Priest">Oscar Stanton De Priest</a> of <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gary_Franks" title="Gary Franks">Gary Franks</a> of <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>. As of 2008, two African-American incumbent <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senators</a>, Republican <a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Edward Brooke</a> of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> and Democrat <a href="/wiki/Carol_Moseley_Braun" title="Carol Moseley Braun">Carol Moseley Braun</a> of <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, had also been defeated in general election races.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FBIpress2005-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FBIpress2005_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FBIpress2005_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060629051908/http://washingtondc.fbi.gov/dojpressrel/pressrel06/wfo050306.htm">"Businessman Pleads Guilty to Paying Bribes to U.S. Congressman"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>. May 3, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://washingtondc.fbi.gov/dojpressrel/pressrel06/wfo050306.htm">the original</a> on June 29, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Businessman+Pleads+Guilty+to+Paying+Bribes+to+U.S.+Congressman&rft.pub=Federal+Bureau+of+Investigation&rft.date=2006-05-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwashingtondc.fbi.gov%2Fdojpressrel%2Fpressrel06%2Fwfo050306.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston,_DavidZeleny,_Jeff2007" class="citation news cs1">Johnston, David & Zeleny, Jeff (June 5, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/05/washington/05jefferson.html?ex=1338782400&en=f8ac6372594c21f5&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink">"Congressman Sought Bribes, Indictment Says"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Congressman+Sought+Bribes%2C+Indictment+Says&rft.date=2007-06-05&rft.au=Johnston%2C+David&rft.au=Zeleny%2C+Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F06%2F05%2Fwashington%2F05jefferson.html%3Fex%3D1338782400%26en%3Df8ac6372594c21f5%26ei%3D5124%26partner%3Dpermalink%26exprod%3Dpermalink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndb.com/people/401/000039284/">NNDB.com</a>, Jefferson article in NNDB Beta, which also contains a list of his family members. See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/j/william_j_jefferson/index.html?inline=nyt-per"><i>New York Times</i> articles on Jefferson.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nola.com-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nola.com_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nola.com/news/index.ssf/2009/06/jefferson_trial.html">"Trial of former U.S. Rep. William Jefferson begins today in Virginia"</a>, <i>Times-Picayune</i>, June 9, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDEMOCKER2009" class="citation news cs1">DEMOCKER, MICHAEL (August 5, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180416011459/http://www.nola.com/news/index.ssf/2009/08/william_jefferson_verdict_guil.html">"William Jefferson verdict: Guilty on 11 of 16 counts"</a>. <i>Times-Picayune</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nola.com/news/index.ssf/2009/08/william_jefferson_verdict_guil.html">the original</a> on April 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times-Picayune&rft.atitle=William+Jefferson+verdict%3A+Guilty+on+11+of+16+counts&rft.date=2009-08-05&rft.aulast=DEMOCKER&rft.aufirst=MICHAEL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Findex.ssf%2F2009%2F08%2Fwilliam_jefferson_verdict_guil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters-2012-03-26-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters-2012-03-26_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters-2012-03-26_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaynes2012" class="citation news cs1">Baynes, Terry (March 26, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310185742/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-politics-jefferson-idUSBRE82P12O20120326">"Former U.S. Rep. Jefferson loses appeal on bribery convictions"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/26/us-usa-politics-jefferson-idUSBRE82P12O20120326">the original</a> on March 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Former+U.S.+Rep.+Jefferson+loses+appeal+on+bribery+convictions&rft.date=2012-03-26&rft.aulast=Baynes&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2012%2F03%2F26%2Fus-usa-politics-jefferson-idUSBRE82P12O20120326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_DeMockerThe_Times-Picayune" class="citation news cs1">Michael DeMocker; The Times-Picayune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120910221333/http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2012/04/william_jefferson_ordered_to_b.html">"William Jefferson ordered to report to prison by May 4"</a>. <i>NOLA.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2012/04/william_jefferson_ordered_to_b.html">the original</a> on September 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NOLA.com&rft.atitle=William+Jefferson+ordered+to+report+to+prison+by+May+4&rft.au=Michael+DeMocker&rft.au=The+Times-Picayune&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fpolitics%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F04%2Fwilliam_jefferson_ordered_to_b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0512/75927.html">"Ex-La. congressman William Jefferson reports to Texas prison - Associated Press"</a>. Politico.Com. June 13, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ex-La.+congressman+William+Jefferson+reports+to+Texas+prison+-+Associated+Press&rft.pub=Politico.Com&rft.date=2012-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F0512%2F75927.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William J. Jefferson, inmate #72121-083, Federal Bureau of Prisons, U.S. Dep't of Justice, at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=IDSearch&needingMoreList=false&IDType=IRN&IDNumber=72121-083&x=88&y=18">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130924142956/http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=IDSearch&needingMoreList=false&IDType=IRN&IDNumber=72121-083&x=88&y=18">Archived</a> September 24, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120216052319/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/09/21/ex-dc-figures-second-life-talk-radio/?test=latestnews">"Down-and-Out Ex-D.C. Figures Find Second Life on Talk Radio"</a>. <i>Fox News</i>. September 21, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/09/21/ex-dc-figures-second-life-talk-radio/?test=latestnews">the original</a> on February 16, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Down-and-Out+Ex-D.C.+Figures+Find+Second+Life+on+Talk+Radio&rft.date=2009-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2F2009%2F09%2F21%2Fex-dc-figures-second-life-talk-radio%2F%3Ftest%3Dlatestnews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lasc.org/opinions/2015/15B0508.pc.pdf">In Re: William J. Jefferson</a></i>, 165 <a href="/wiki/Southern_Reporter" title="Southern Reporter">So.3d</a> 905 (La. 2015) (per curiam).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michelle Krupa, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nola.com/news/t-p/frontpage/index.ssf?/base/news-13/1244266214327600.xml&coll=1">"Ex-N.O. official pleads innocent"</a> in <i>Times-Picayune</i>, June 6, 2009, Saint Tammany Edition, pp. A1, A11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon Russell, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nola.com/news/t-p/frontpage/index.ssf?/base/news-13/1243747975239560.xml&coll=1">"Mose Jefferson, William's brother, was the first to taste victory in politics ... behind the scenes"</a>, <i>Times-Picayune</i>, May 31, 2009, Metro Edition, pp. A1, A12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalhounMcGovern2008" class="citation book cs1">Calhoun, Milburn; McGovern, Bernie (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RB2Hxcg4zNoC&pg=PA507"><i>Louisiana Almanac 2008-2009</i></a>. Pelican Publishing. p. 507. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781455607709" title="Special:BookSources/9781455607709"><bdi>9781455607709</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louisiana+Almanac+2008-2009&rft.pages=507&rft.pub=Pelican+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781455607709&rft.aulast=Calhoun&rft.aufirst=Milburn&rft.au=McGovern%2C+Bernie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRB2Hxcg4zNoC%26pg%3DPA507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Jefferson+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Jefferson_(politician)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_J._Jefferson" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:William J. Jefferson">William J. Jefferson</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=j000070">Biography</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0LA02119">Financial information (federal office)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i.a.cnn.net/cnn/2007/images/06/04/jefferson.indict.pdf">Jefferson Indictment</a>, June 4, 2007, U.S. v. Jefferson, District Court for Eastern District of Virginia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081002062804/http://jefferson.house.gov/">Official U.S. House website</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived October 2, 2008)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?16361">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Senate" title="Louisiana State Senate">Louisiana State Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Eagan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Eagan (page does not exist)">Frederick Eagan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Senate" title="Louisiana State Senate">Louisiana Senate</a><br />from the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_5th_State_Senate_district" title="Louisiana's 5th State Senate district">5th district</a> </b><br />1979–1991 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Diana_Bajoie" title="Diana Bajoie">Diana Bajoie</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lindy_Boggs" title="Lindy Boggs">Lindy Boggs</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Louisiana">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 3rd congressional district">Louisiana's 3rd congressional district</a> </b><br />1991–2009 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cao" title="Joseph Cao">Joseph Cao</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Cleo_Fields" title="Cleo Fields">Cleo Fields</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Louisiana">Governor of Louisiana</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1999_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1999 Louisiana gubernatorial election">1999</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Blanco" title="Kathleen Blanco">Kathleen Blanco</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gradison" title="Bill Gradison">Bill Gradison</a></div><i><b>as Former US Representative </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">Order of precedence of the United States</a><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">as Former US Representative</span></i> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Buyer" title="Steve Buyer">Steve Buyer</a></div><i><b>as Former US Representative </b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_representatives_from_Louisiana" title="Template talk:United States representatives from Louisiana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Louisiana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States representatives from Louisiana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Louisiana1185" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States representatives from Louisiana">Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Louisiana</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Louisiana01 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Livingston" title="Edward Livingston">E. Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_D._White_Sr." title="Edward D. White Sr.">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Johnson_(Louisiana_politician)" title="Henry Johnson (Louisiana politician)">H. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_D._White_Sr." title="Edward D. White Sr.">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Slidell" title="John Slidell">Slidell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_La_S%C3%A9re" title="Emile La Sére">La Sére</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Martin" title="Louis St. Martin">St. Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dunbar_(politician)" title="William Dunbar (politician)">Dunbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eustis_Jr." title="George Eustis Jr.">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Bouligny" title="John Edward Bouligny">Bouligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Hale_Sypher" title="J. Hale Sypher">Sypher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effingham_Lawrence" title="Effingham Lawrence">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_L._Gibson" title="Randall L. Gibson">Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carleton_Hunt" title="Carleton Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Martin" title="Louis St. Martin">St. Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_S._Wilkinson_(politician)" title="Theodore S. Wilkinson (politician)">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Meyer" title="Adolph Meyer">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Estopinal" title="Albert Estopinal">Estopinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Connor_(Louisiana_politician)" title="James O'Connor (Louisiana politician)">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_O._Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Joachim O. Fernández">Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Edward_H%C3%A9bert" title="F. Edward Hébert">Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Tonry" title="Richard A. Tonry">Tonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Livingston" title="Bob Livingston">B. Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Vitter" title="David Vitter">Vitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Jindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Scalise" title="Steve Scalise">Scalise</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/100px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/150px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/200px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="7040" data-file-height="4556" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Louisiana02 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Gurley" title="Henry H. Gurley">Gurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philemon_Thomas" title="Philemon Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazer_W._Ripley" title="Eleazer W. Ripley">Ripley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Chinn" title="Thomas W. Chinn">Chinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bennett_Dawson" title="John Bennett Dawson">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A9e_Louis_la_Branche" title="Alcée Louis la Branche">la Branche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannon_G._Thibodeaux" title="Bannon G. Thibodeaux">Thibodeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Magill_Conrad" title="Charles Magill Conrad">Conrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Bullard" title="Henry A. Bullard">Bullard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aristide_Landry" title="Joseph Aristide Landry">J. A. Landry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_G._Hunt" title="Theodore G. Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Taylor_(politician)" title="Miles Taylor (politician)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mann_(1822%E2%80%931868)" title="James Mann (1822–1868)">Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Allen_Sheldon" title="Lionel Allen Sheldon">Sheldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._John_Ellis" title="E. John Ellis">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hahn" title="Michael Hahn">Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_D._Wallace" title="Nathaniel D. Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_D._Lagan" title="Matthew D. Lagan">Lagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_D._Coleman" title="Hamilton D. Coleman">Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_D._Lagan" title="Matthew D. Lagan">Lagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Davey" title="Robert C. Davey">Davey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Buck" title="Charles F. Buck">Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Davey" title="Robert C. Davey">Davey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Gilmore" title="Samuel L. Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Garland_Dupr%C3%A9" title="H. Garland Dupré">Dupré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Z._Spearing" title="James Z. Spearing">Spearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_H._Maloney" title="Paul H. Maloney">Maloney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs">H. Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_H._Maloney" title="Paul H. Maloney">Maloney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs">H. Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindy_Boggs" title="Lindy Boggs">L. Boggs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cao" title="Joseph Cao">Cao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedric_Richmond" title="Cedric Richmond">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_Carter_(politician)" title="Troy Carter (politician)">Carter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Louisiana03 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 3rd congressional district">3rd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Brent" title="William L. Brent">Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hampden_Overton" title="Walter Hampden Overton">Overton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Bullard" title="Henry A. Bullard">Bullard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Garland" title="Rice Garland">Garland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moore_(Louisiana_politician)" title="John Moore (Louisiana politician)">J. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bennett_Dawson" title="John Bennett Dawson">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Harmanson" title="John H. Harmanson">Harmanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_G._Penn" title="Alexander G. Penn">Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Perkins_Jr." title="John Perkins Jr.">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_G._Davidson" title="Thomas G. Davidson">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Newsham" title="Joseph P. Newsham">Newsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Bidwell_Darrall" title="Chester Bidwell Darrall">Darrall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Acklen" title="Joseph H. Acklen">Acklen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Bidwell_Darrall" title="Chester Bidwell Darrall">Darrall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_Kellogg" title="William Pitt Kellogg">Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Gay_(politician,_born_1816)" title="Edward J. Gay (politician, born 1816)">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Price_(politician)" title="Andrew Price (politician)">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Broussard" title="Robert F. Broussard">Broussard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitmell_P._Martin" title="Whitmell P. Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numa_F._Montet" title="Numa F. Montet">Montet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Mouton" title="Robert L. Mouton">Mouton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Domengeaux" title="James R. Domengeaux">Domengeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_E._Willis" title="Edwin E. Willis">Willis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_T._Caffery" title="Patrick T. Caffery">Caffery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Treen" title="Dave Treen">Treen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Tauzin" title="Billy Tauzin">Tauzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Melan%C3%A7on" title="Charlie Melançon">Melançon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Landry" title="Jeff Landry">J. M. Landry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boustany" title="Charles Boustany">Boustany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_Higgins" title="Clay Higgins">Higgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Louisiana04 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 4th congressional district">4th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bossier" title="Pierre Bossier">Bossier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_E._Morse" title="Isaac E. Morse">Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moore_(Louisiana_politician)" title="John Moore (Louisiana politician)">J. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Jones" title="Roland Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Sandidge" title="John M. Sandidge">Sandidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Landrum" title="John M. Landrum">Landrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Vidal" title="Michel Vidal">Vidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Newsham" title="Joseph P. Newsham">Newsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McCleery" title="James McCleery">McCleery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Boarman" title="Alexander Boarman">Boarman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Luke_Smith" title="George Luke Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Levy" title="William M. Levy">Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barton_Elam" title="Joseph Barton Elam">Elam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_C._Blanchard" title="Newton C. Blanchard">Blanchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Warren_Ogden" title="Henry Warren Ogden">Ogden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanor_Breazeale" title="Phanor Breazeale">Breazeale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Watkins" title="John T. Watkins">Watkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_N._Sandlin" title="John N. Sandlin">Sandlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overton_Brooks" title="Overton Brooks">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Waggonner" title="Joe Waggonner">Waggonner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Leach" title="Buddy Leach">Leach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer" title="Buddy Roemer">Roemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McCrery" title="Jim McCrery">McCrery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleo_Fields" title="Cleo Fields">Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McCrery" title="Jim McCrery">McCrery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fleming_(American_politician)" title="John Fleming (American politician)">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">M. Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Louisiana05 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 5th congressional district">5th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W._Jasper_Blackburn" title="W. Jasper Blackburn">Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Morey" title="Frank Morey">Morey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Spencer" title="William B. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Leonard" title="John E. Leonard">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Smith_Young" title="J. Smith Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Floyd_King" title="J. Floyd King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherubusco_Newton" title="Cherubusco Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Boatner" title="Charles J. Boatner">Boatner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_T._Baird" title="Samuel T. Baird">Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Ransdell" title="Joseph E. Ransdell">Ransdell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Walter_Elder" title="James Walter Elder">Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riley_J._Wilson" title="Riley J. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_V._Mills" title="Newt V. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._McKenzie" title="Charles E. McKenzie">McKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Passman" title="Otto Passman">Passman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Huckaby" title="Jerry Huckaby">Huckaby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McCrery" title="Jim McCrery">McCrery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cooksey" title="John Cooksey">Cooksey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Alexander" title="Rodney Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_McAllister" title="Vance McAllister">McAllister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abraham_(politician)" title="Ralph Abraham (politician)">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Letlow" title="Julia Letlow">Letlow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Louisiana06 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 6th congressional district">6th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Nash" title="Charles E. Nash">Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_White_Robertson" title="Edward White Robertson">E. Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_T._Lewis_(politician)" title="Edward T. Lewis (politician)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Briggs_Irion" title="Alfred Briggs Irion">Irion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_White_Robertson" title="Edward White Robertson">E. Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_M._Robertson" title="Samuel M. Robertson">S. Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_K._Favrot" title="George K. Favrot">Favrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Wickliffe" title="Robert Charles Wickliffe">Wickliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_L._Morgan" title="Lewis L. Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Y._Sanders_Sr." title="Jared Y. Sanders Sr.">Sanders Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_K._Favrot" title="George K. Favrot">Favrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivar_E._Kemp" title="Bolivar E. Kemp">Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Y._Sanders_Jr." title="Jared Y. Sanders Jr.">Sanders Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_K._Griffith" title="John K. Griffith">Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Y._Sanders_Jr." title="Jared Y. Sanders Jr.">Sanders Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Morrison" title="James H. Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rarick" title="John Rarick">Rarick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henson_Moore" title="Henson Moore">H. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baker_(American_politician)" title="Richard Baker (American politician)">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Cazayoux" title="Don Cazayoux">Cazayoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cassidy" title="Bill Cassidy">Cassidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garret_Graves" title="Garret Graves">Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleo_Fields" title="Cleo Fields">Fields</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Louisiana07 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 7th congressional district">7th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Pujo" title="Arsène Pujo">Pujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislas_Lazaro" title="Ladislas Lazaro">Lazaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_L._De_Rouen" title="René L. De Rouen">De Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_Plauch%C3%A9" title="Vance Plauché">Plauché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_D._Larcade_Jr." title="Henry D. Larcade Jr.">Larcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Ashton_Thompson" title="T. Ashton Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Edwards" title="Edwin Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Breaux" title="John Breaux">Breaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Hayes" title="Jimmy Hayes">Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_John_(politician)" title="Chris John (politician)">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boustany" title="Charles Boustany">Boustany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Louisiana08 !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's 8th congressional district">8th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Benjamin_Aswell" title="James Benjamin Aswell">Aswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Overton" title="John H. Overton">Overton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Dear" title="Cleveland Dear">Dear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Leonard_Allen" title="A. Leonard Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Long" title="George S. Long">G. S. "Doc" Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_B._McSween" title="Harold B. McSween">McSween</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillis_William_Long" title="Gillis William Long">G. W. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedy_Long" title="Speedy Long">S. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillis_William_Long" title="Gillis William Long">G. W. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Small_Long" title="Catherine Small Long">C. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_C._Holloway" title="Clyde C. Holloway">Holloway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="LouisianaAL !"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's at-large congressional district">At-large</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_B._Robertson" title="Thomas B. Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Butler_(Louisiana_politician)" title="Thomas Butler (Louisiana politician)">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_S._Johnston" title="Josiah S. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Sheridan" title="George A. Sheridan">Sheridan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Orleans TerritoryAL !"><a href="/wiki/Orleans_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Orleans Territory's at-large congressional district">Territory</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Clark_(Louisiana_politician)" title="Daniel Clark (Louisiana politician)">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_de_Lallande_Poydras" title="Julien de Lallande Poydras">Poydras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Louisiana&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_102nd–110th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)199" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Louisiana&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_102nd–110th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)199" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>'s delegation(s) to the 102nd–110th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congresses</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/102nd_United_States_Congress" title="102nd United States Congress">102nd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States senators from Louisiana">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/J._Bennett_Johnston" title="J. Bennett Johnston">J. B. Johnston</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Breaux" title="John Breaux">J. Breaux</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States representatives from Louisiana">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Huckaby" title="Jerry Huckaby">J. Huckaby</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bob_Livingston" title="Bob Livingston">B. Livingston</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Billy_Tauzin" title="Billy Tauzin">B. Tauzin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baker_(American_politician)" title="Richard Baker (American politician)">R. Baker</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Hayes" title="Jimmy Hayes">J. Hayes</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clyde_C._Holloway" title="Clyde C. Holloway">C. Holloway</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McCrery" title="Jim McCrery">J. McCrery</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Jefferson">W. Jefferson</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/103rd_United_States_Congress" title="103rd United States Congress">103rd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States senators from Louisiana">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/J._Bennett_Johnston" title="J. Bennett Johnston">J. B. Johnston</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Breaux" title="John Breaux">J. Breaux</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States representatives from Louisiana">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bob_Livingston" title="Bob Livingston">B. Livingston</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Billy_Tauzin" title="Billy Tauzin">B. Tauzin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baker_(American_politician)" title="Richard Baker (American politician)">R. Baker</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Hayes" title="Jimmy Hayes">J. Hayes</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McCrery" title="Jim McCrery">J. McCrery</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Jefferson">W. Jefferson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Cleo_Fields" title="Cleo Fields">C. Fields</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/104th_United_States_Congress" title="104th United States Congress">104th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States senators from Louisiana">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/J._Bennett_Johnston" title="J. Bennett Johnston">J. B. Johnston</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Breaux" title="John Breaux">J. Breaux</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States representatives from Louisiana">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bob_Livingston" title="Bob Livingston">B. Livingston</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Billy_Tauzin" title="Billy Tauzin">B. Tauzin</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baker_(American_politician)" title="Richard Baker (American politician)">R. Baker</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Hayes" title="Jimmy Hayes">J. Hayes</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McCrery" title="Jim McCrery">J. McCrery</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Jefferson">W. Jefferson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Cleo_Fields" title="Cleo Fields">C. Fields</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/105th_United_States_Congress" title="105th United States Congress">105th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States senators from Louisiana">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Breaux" title="John Breaux">J. Breaux</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mary_Landrieu" title="Mary Landrieu">M. Landrieu</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States representatives from Louisiana">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bob_Livingston" title="Bob Livingston">B. Livingston</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Billy_Tauzin" title="Billy Tauzin">B. Tauzin</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baker_(American_politician)" title="Richard Baker (American politician)">R. Baker</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McCrery" title="Jim McCrery">J. McCrery</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Jefferson">W. Jefferson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Cooksey" title="John Cooksey">J. Cooksey</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chris_John_(politician)" title="Chris John (politician)">C. John</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/106th_United_States_Congress" title="106th United States Congress">106th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States senators from Louisiana">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Breaux" title="John Breaux">J. Breaux</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mary_Landrieu" title="Mary Landrieu">M. Landrieu</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States representatives from Louisiana">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bob_Livingston" title="Bob Livingston"><i>B. Livingston</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Billy_Tauzin" title="Billy Tauzin">B. Tauzin</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baker_(American_politician)" title="Richard Baker (American politician)">R. Baker</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McCrery" title="Jim McCrery">J. McCrery</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Jefferson">W. Jefferson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Cooksey" title="John Cooksey">J. Cooksey</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chris_John_(politician)" title="Chris John (politician)">C. John</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_Vitter" title="David Vitter"><i>D. Vitter</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/107th_United_States_Congress" title="107th United States Congress">107th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States senators from Louisiana">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Breaux" title="John Breaux">J. Breaux</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mary_Landrieu" title="Mary Landrieu">M. Landrieu</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States representatives from Louisiana">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Billy_Tauzin" title="Billy Tauzin">B. Tauzin</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baker_(American_politician)" title="Richard Baker (American politician)">R. Baker</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McCrery" title="Jim McCrery">J. McCrery</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Jefferson">W. Jefferson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Cooksey" title="John Cooksey">J. Cooksey</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chris_John_(politician)" title="Chris John (politician)">C. John</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_Vitter" title="David Vitter">D. Vitter</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/108th_United_States_Congress" title="108th United States Congress">108th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States senators from Louisiana">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Breaux" title="John Breaux">J. Breaux</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mary_Landrieu" title="Mary Landrieu">M. Landrieu</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States representatives from Louisiana">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Billy_Tauzin" title="Billy Tauzin">B. Tauzin</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baker_(American_politician)" title="Richard Baker (American politician)">R. Baker</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McCrery" title="Jim McCrery">J. McCrery</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Jefferson">W. Jefferson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chris_John_(politician)" title="Chris John (politician)">C. John</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_Vitter" title="David Vitter">D. Vitter</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Alexander" title="Rodney Alexander">R. Alexander</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/109th_United_States_Congress" title="109th United States Congress">109th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States senators from Louisiana">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mary_Landrieu" title="Mary Landrieu">M. Landrieu</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_Vitter" title="David Vitter">D. Vitter</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States representatives from Louisiana">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baker_(American_politician)" title="Richard Baker (American politician)">R. Baker</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McCrery" title="Jim McCrery">J. McCrery</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Jefferson">W. Jefferson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Alexander" title="Rodney Alexander">R. Alexander</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boustany" title="Charles Boustany">C. Boustany</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">B. Jindal</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Melan%C3%A7on" title="Charlie Melançon">C. Melançon</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/110th_United_States_Congress" title="110th United States Congress">110th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States senators from Louisiana">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mary_Landrieu" title="Mary Landrieu">M. Landrieu</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_Vitter" title="David Vitter">D. Vitter</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Louisiana" title="List of United States representatives from Louisiana">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baker_(American_politician)" title="Richard Baker (American politician)"><i>R. Baker</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_McCrery" title="Jim McCrery">J. McCrery</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Jefferson">W. Jefferson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Alexander" title="Rodney Alexander">R. Alexander</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boustany" title="Charles Boustany">C. Boustany</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal"><i>B. Jindal</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Melan%C3%A7on" title="Charlie Melançon">C. Melançon</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Don_Cazayoux" title="Don Cazayoux"><i>D. Cazayoux</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Steve_Scalise" title="Steve Scalise"><i>S. Scalise</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame62" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Political_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame" title="Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame">Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990s62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs">Hale Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._C._Claiborne" title="William C. C. Claiborne">William C. C. Claiborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Davis" title="Jimmie Davis">Jimmie Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap_Dean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pap Dean (page does not exist)">Pap Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Edwards" title="Edwin Edwards">Edwin Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_LeBlanc" class="mw-redirect" title="Dudley LeBlanc">Dudley LeBlanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Long" title="Earl Long">Earl Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long">Huey Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Russell B. Long</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A._Leonard_Allen" title="A. Leonard Allen">A. Leonard Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindy_Boggs" title="Lindy Boggs">Lindy Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Bussie" title="Victor Bussie">Victor Bussie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Allen J. Ellender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillis_William_Long" title="Gillis William Long">Gillis William Long</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camille_Gravel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camille Gravel (page does not exist)">Camille Gravel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Hanna_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Hanna Sr. (page does not exist)">Sam Hanna Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeLesseps_Story_Morrison" title="DeLesseps Story Morrison">deLesseps Story Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglass_White" title="Edward Douglass White">Edward Douglass White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Berry" title="Louis Berry">Louis Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Carville" title="James Carville">James Carville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Evelyn_Parker" title="Mary Evelyn Parker">Mary Evelyn Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leander_Perez" title="Leander Perez">Leander Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Weill" title="Gus Weill">Gus Weill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_K._Allen" title="Oscar K. Allen">Oscar K. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_J._Foster" title="Murphy J. Foster">Murphy J. Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Bennett_Johnston" title="J. Bennett Johnston">J. Bennett Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melinda_Schwegmann" title="Melinda Schwegmann">Melinda Schwegmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Treen" title="Dave Treen">David C. Treen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speedy_Long" title="Speedy Long">Speedy Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Overton" title="John H. Overton">John H. Overton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Waggonner" title="Joe Waggonner">Joe Waggonner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Harry_Williams" title="T. Harry Williams">T. Harry Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Doucet" title="Cat Doucet">Cat Doucet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Fitzmorris" title="Jimmy Fitzmorris">Jimmy Fitzmorris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Fowler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas Fowler (page does not exist)">Douglas Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Kelso" title="Iris Kelso">Iris Kelso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Renwick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ed Renwick (page does not exist)">Ed Renwick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000s62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Caffery" title="Jefferson Caffery">Jefferson Caffery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Jefferson" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Jefferson">William J. Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Knoll" title="Jeannette Knoll">Jeannette Knoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_D._Long" title="Jimmy D. Long">Jimmy D. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer" title="Buddy Roemer">Buddy Roemer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiley_W._Hilburn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiley W. Hilburn (page does not exist)">Wiley W. Hilburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennon" title="Robert F. Kennon">Robert F. Kennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Lee_(sheriff)" title="Harry Lee (sheriff)">Harry Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_McSween" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold McSween">Harold McSween</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_O._Martin_Jr." title="Wade O. Martin Jr.">Wade O. Martin Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_H._Schiro" title="Victor H. Schiro">Victor H. Schiro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesse_Bankston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesse Bankston (page does not exist)">Jesse Bankston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenny_Bowen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenny Bowen (page does not exist)">Kenny Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Bozeman" title="Harley Bozeman">Harley Bozeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burl_Cain" title="Burl Cain">Nathan Burl Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Dodd" title="Bill Dodd">Bill Dodd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Grevemberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Grevemberg (page does not exist)">Francis Grevemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hainkel" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hainkel">John Hainkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henson_Moore" title="Henson Moore">Henson Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Sampite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Sampite (page does not exist)">Joe Sampite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Walker_(politician)" title="Lillian Walker (politician)">Lillian Walker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Alario" title="John Alario">John Alario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Breaux" title="John Breaux">John Breaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Chevalier" title="Jay Chevalier">Jay Chevalier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Connick_Sr." title="Harry Connick Sr.">Harry Connick Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Foster_(American_politician)" title="Mike Foster (American politician)">Mike Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Huntoon" title="Carolyn Huntoon">Carolyn Huntoon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Laborde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Laborde (page does not exist)">Raymond Laborde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Livingston" title="Bob Livingston">Bob Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Stalder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Stalder (page does not exist)">Richard Stalder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Tauzin" title="Billy Tauzin">Billy Tauzin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Boles_(politician)" title="Billy Boles (politician)">Billy Boles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._DeWitt_Jr." title="Charles W. DeWitt Jr.">Charles W. DeWitt Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_A._Guglielmo" title="Dudley A. Guglielmo">Dudley A. Guglielmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Landrieu" title="Moon Landrieu">Moon Landrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_G._%22Sonny%22_Mouton_Jr." title="Edgar G. "Sonny" Mouton Jr.">Edgar G. "Sonny" Mouton Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Lindsey_Holland_Rhodes" title="Doris Lindsey Holland Rhodes">Doris Lindsey Holland Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Shehee" title="Virginia Shehee">Virginia Shehee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Wardlaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Wardlaw (page does not exist)">Jack Wardlaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Bates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert W. Bates (page does not exist)">Robert W. Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Roberto_Flores" title="Carlos Roberto Flores">Carlos Roberto Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Flake_Flores&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Flake Flores (page does not exist)">Mary Flake Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Jordan_(attorney)" title="Eddie Jordan (attorney)">Eddie J. Jordan Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curtis_Joubert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curtis Joubert (page does not exist)">Curtis Joubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Boggs_Sigmund" title="Barbara Boggs Sigmund">Barbara Boggs Sigmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_C._Thompson" title="Francis C. Thompson">Francis C. Thompson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Babineaux_Blanco" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathleen Babineaux Blanco">Kathleen Babineaux Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Cook" title="Charlie Cook">Charlie Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvan_Friedman" title="Sylvan Friedman">Sylvan Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_E._Hines" title="Donald E. Hines">Donald E. Hines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Fox_McKeithen" title="W. Fox McKeithen">W. Fox McKeithen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecil_J._Picard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecil J. Picard (page does not exist)">Cecil J. Picard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Stelly" title="Vic Stelly">Vic Stelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Bajoie" title="Diana Bajoie">Diana E. Bajoie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Clausen" title="Sally Clausen">Sally Clausen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_deGravelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles deGravelles (page does not exist)">Charles deGravelles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_deGravelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia deGravelles (page does not exist)">Virginia deGravelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_Downer" title="Hunt Downer">Hunt Downer</a></li> <li>Theodore "Ted" Jones</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Landrieu" title="Mary Landrieu">Mary Landrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_O%27Keefe" title="Sean O'Keefe">Sean O'Keefe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baker_(American_politician)" title="Richard Baker (American politician)">Richard Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Freeman_Sr." title="Robert Louis Freeman Sr.">Bobby Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kip_Holden" title="Kip Holden">Melvin "Kip" Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Joseph" title="James A. Joseph">James A. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_G._Kelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald G. Kelly (page does not exist)">Donald G. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_LaPlante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John LaPlante (page does not exist)">John LaPlante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Odom" title="Bob Odom">Bob Odom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_Randolph" title="Ned Randolph">Ned Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_R._Salter" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe R. Salter">Joe R. Salter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Ater" title="Al Ater">Al Ater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Campbell" title="Foster Campbell">Foster Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_John_(politician)" title="Chris John (politician)">Chris John</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Lee_(Louisiana_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Lee (Louisiana politician) (page does not exist)">Walter Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessel_Ourso" title="Jessel Ourso">Jessel Ourso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_F._Taylor" title="Patrick F. Taylor">Patrick F. Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010s62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Alexander" title="Rodney Alexander">Rodney Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randy_Ewing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randy Ewing (page does not exist)">Randy Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlton_Lyons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlton Lyons (page does not exist)">Charlton Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Nunez_Jr." title="Samuel B. Nunez Jr.">Samuel B. Nunez Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Nungesser_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Nungesser Sr. (page does not exist)">William Nungesser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Risley_C._Triche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Risley C. Triche (page does not exist)">Risley C. Triche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Brown_(politician)" title="James H. Brown (politician)">James H. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_May_Grace" title="Lucille May Grace">Lucille May Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_D._Kimball" title="Catherine D. Kimball">Catherine D. Kimball</a></li> <li>J. Kelly Nix</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Perlman" title="Ralph Perlman">Ralph Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Smith_(Louisiana_lobbyist)" title="Charlie Smith (Louisiana lobbyist)">Charlie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Baden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Baden (page does not exist)">Fred Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Edward_H%C3%A9bert" class="mw-redirect" title="Felix Edward Hébert">Felix Edward Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._L._Henry" title="E. L. Henry">E. L. Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Huckaby" title="Jerry Huckaby">Jerry Huckaby</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adras_LaBorde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adras LaBorde (page does not exist)">Adras LaBorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Montgomery" title="Billy Montgomery">Billy Montgomery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Barham" title="Charles C. Barham">Charles C. Barham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_J._Chabert" title="Leonard J. Chabert">Leonard J. Chabert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_J._Chabert" title="Marty J. Chabert">Marty J. Chabert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norby_Chabert" title="Norby Chabert">Norby Chabert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Dement" title="George Dement">George Dement</a></li> <li>Leonard R. "Pop" Hataway</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelo_Roppolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angelo Roppolo (page does not exist)">Angelo Roppolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Strother" title="Raymond Strother">Raymond Strother</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Marshall_Brown" title="J. Marshall Brown">J. Marshall Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bel_Edwards" title="John Bel Edwards">John Bel Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Fournet" title="John B. Fournet">John B. Fournet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Guidry" title="Dick Guidry">Richard P. "Dick" Guidry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_S._Hunt_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John S. Hunt II (page does not exist)">John S. Hunt II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_McConnell_Long" title="Rose McConnell Long">Rose McConnell Long</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mann_(Louisiana_historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Mann (Louisiana historian) (page does not exist)">Robert "Bob" Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Peltier_Jr." title="Harvey Peltier Jr.">Harvey Peltier Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peppi_Bruneau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peppi Bruneau (page does not exist)">Peppi Bruneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Caldwell" title="Buddy Caldwell">Buddy Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juba_Diez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juba Diez (page does not exist)">Juba Diez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noble_Ellington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noble Ellington (page does not exist)">Noble Ellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maginnis_(Louisiana_political_writer)" title="John Maginnis (Louisiana political writer)">John Maginnis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_A._Marvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles A. Marvin (page does not exist)">Charles A. Marvin</a></li> <li>Scott family: <a href="/wiki/Albin_Provosty" title="Albin Provosty">Albin Provosty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nauman_Scott" title="Nauman Scott">Nauman Scott</a> and Jock Scott</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boysie_Bollinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boysie Bollinger (page does not exist)">Boysie Bollinger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randy_K._Haynie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randy K. Haynie (page does not exist)">Randy K. Haynie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ieyoub" title="Richard Ieyoub">Richard Ieyoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston_Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Houston Jones">Sam Houston Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mamoulides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Mamoulides (page does not exist)">John Mamoulides</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braxton_Moody_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Braxton Moody III (page does not exist)">Braxton Moody III</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliste_Saloom_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaliste Saloom Jr. (page does not exist)">Kaliste Saloom Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jim Beam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Dimos" title="Jimmy Dimos">Jimmy Dimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._J._Jemison" title="T. J. Jemison">T. J. Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Mapes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Mapes (page does not exist)">Maurice Mapes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dave_Norris_(Louisiana_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dave Norris (Louisiana politician) (page does not exist)">Dave Norris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avery_Alexander" title="Avery Alexander">Avery Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Dardenne" title="Jay Dardenne">Jay Dardenne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quentin_Dastugue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quentin Dastugue (page does not exist)">Quentin Dastugue</a></li> <li>James Gill</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_D._Lancaster_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles D. Lancaster Jr. (page does not exist)">Charles D. Lancaster Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Blanco" title="Raymond Blanco">Raymond Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marion_Edwards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marion Edwards (page does not exist)">Marion Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hardy_(politician)" title="Paul Hardy (politician)">Paul Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ron_Gomez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ron Gomez (page does not exist)">Ron Gomez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Zuschlag" title="Richard Zuschlag">Richard Zuschlag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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