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id="toc-Ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_origins_and_genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_origins_and_genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Historical origins and genetics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_origins_and_genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peoples_of_Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peoples_of_Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Peoples of Spain </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Peoples_of_Spain-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Peoples of Spain subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Peoples_of_Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nationalities_and_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationalities_and_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Nationalities and regions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nationalities_and_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romani_minority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romani_minority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Romani minority </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romani_minority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Modern immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emigration_from_Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emigration_from_Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Emigration from Spain </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Emigration_from_Spain-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Emigration from Spain subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Emigration_from_Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-People_with_Spanish_ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People_with_Spanish_ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 People with Spanish ancestry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People_with_Spanish_ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Spaniards</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" > 77 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanjaarde" title="Spanjaarde – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Spanjaarde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="إسبان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسبان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblu_espa%C3%B1ol" title="Pueblu español – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pueblu español" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB" title="Испаниял – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Испаниял" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spanlar" title="İspanlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İspanlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ایسپان‌لار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسپان‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-pan-g%C3%A2-l%C3%A2ng" title="Se-pan-gâ-lâng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Se-pan-gâ-lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Испандар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Испандар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Іспанцы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іспанцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Гішпанцы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гішпанцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Испанишууд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Испанишууд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanyols" title="Espanyols – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espanyols" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanyol" title="Espanyol – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Espanyol" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0pan%C4%9Bl%C3%A9" title="Španělé – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Španělé" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaniere" title="Spaniere – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Spaniere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanier_(Volk)" title="Spanier (Volk) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spanier (Volk)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dib%C3%A9_din%C3%AD%C3%AD_din%C3%A9%CA%BCi%CA%BC" title="Dibé diníí dinéʼiʼ – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dibé diníí dinéʼiʼ" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispaanlased" title="Hispaanlased – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hispaanlased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_espa%C3%B1ol" title="Pueblo español – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo español" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanoj" title="Hispanoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hispanoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espainiar" title="Espainiar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espainiar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="اسپانیایی‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسپانیایی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espagnols" title="Espagnols – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Espagnols" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A1innigh" title="Spáinnigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Spáinnigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaainee" title="Spaainee – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Spaainee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AE-p%C3%A2n-ng%C3%A0-ng%C3%ACn" title="Sî-pân-ngà-ngìn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sî-pân-ngà-ngìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8%EC%9D%B8" title="스페인인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스페인인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Իսպանացիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսպանացիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattao_nga_Espaniol" title="Tattao nga Espaniol – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tattao nga Espaniol" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Spanyol" title="Orang Spanyol – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Испайнаг адæм – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Испайнаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagnoli" title="Spagnoli – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spagnoli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_(%D7%A2%D7%9D)" title="ספרדים (עם) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספרדים (עם)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ესპანელები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესპანელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Испандар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Испандар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Испандар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Испандар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C4%81%C5%86i" title="Spāņi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Spāņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispanai" title="Ispanai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ispanai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espaniol" title="Espaniol – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Espaniol" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyolok" title="Spanyolok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Spanyolok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Шпанци – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шпанци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espani%C3%B4la_(vahoaka)" title="Espaniôla (vahoaka) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Espaniôla (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ესპანარეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ესპანარეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اسبان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسبان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsa_Sepanyol" title="Bangsa Sepanyol – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bangsa Sepanyol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanjaarden" title="Spanjaarden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spanjaarden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E4%BA%BA" title="スペイン人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スペイン人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Испанхой – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Испанхой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanjolar" title="Spanjolar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Spanjolar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispanlar" title="Ispanlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ispanlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiszpanie" title="Hiszpanie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hiszpanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanh%C3%B3is" title="Espanhóis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espanhóis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanioli" title="Spanioli – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Spanioli" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%A3" title="Испанцѣ – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Испанцѣ" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Испанцы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Испанцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Испаннар – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Испаннар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispagnolos" title="Ispagnolos – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ispagnolos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainyarts" title="Spainyarts – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Spainyarts" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A4_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9D" title="ස්පාඤ්ඤ ජාතිකයෝ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ස්පාඤ්ඤ ජාතිකයෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Spaniards" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panieli_(etnikum)" title="Španieli (etnikum) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Španieli (etnikum)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panci" title="Španci – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Španci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Шпанци – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шпанци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panci" title="Španci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Španci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanjalaiset" title="Espanjalaiset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Espanjalaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanjorer" title="Spanjorer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spanjorer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Испаннар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Испаннар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%99" title="ชาวสเปน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวสเปน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spanyollar" title="İspanyollar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İspanyollar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96" title="Іспанці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іспанці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_T%C3%A2y_Ban_Nha" title="Người Tây Ban Nha – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Tây Ban Nha" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E4%BA%BA" title="西班牙人 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="西班牙人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E4%BA%BA" title="西班牙人 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西班牙人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spanyol" title="İspanyol – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İspanyol" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E4%BA%BA" title="西班牙人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西班牙人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Spanyol" title="Jolma Spanyol – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q160894#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_(people)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish (people)">Spanish (people)</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Nationals of Spain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Spaniard_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Spaniard (disambiguation)">Spaniard (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style 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Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Spaniards%22">"Spaniards"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Spaniards%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Spaniards%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Spaniards%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Spaniards%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Spaniards%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (February 2016) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Spaniards</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div>Españoles (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)<a href="#cite_note-a-1">[a]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Spanish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_the_Spanish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/260px-Map_of_the_Spanish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_the_Spanish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/390px-Map_of_the_Spanish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_the_Spanish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/520px-Map_of_the_Spanish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Spain nationals 41,539,400<a href="#cite_note-auto1-2">[1]</a> (for a total population of 47,059,533) Hundreds of millions of Hispanic Americans of full or partial Spanish ancestry<a href="#cite_note-Britannica.com-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hispanic_American_ethnics_Survey-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-hispanista.com.br-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-census-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-8">[7]</a> Nationals abroad: 2,183,043<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_2015-9">[8]</a> Total abroad: 2,654,723,<a href="#cite_note-ine.es-10">[9]</a> which of them: 840,535 were born in Spain 1,542,809 were born in the country of residence 265,885 others<a href="#cite_note-ine.es-10">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>   41,539,400 (2015)<a href="#cite_note-auto1-2">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_diaspora" title="Spanish diaspora">Diaspora</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></th><td class="infobox-data">404,111 (92,610 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_2015-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="infobox-data">310,072 (240,153 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Estadística_del_Padrón_de_Españoles_Residentes_en_el_Extranjero_(PERE)a_1_de_enero_de_2020-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_2015-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="infobox-data">192,766 (48,546 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_2015-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="infobox-data">182,631 (61,881 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-File_2014-18">[17]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="infobox-data">181,181 (2020) (including <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> Spanish citizens that were not born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></th><td class="infobox-data">136,145 (30,167 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></th><td class="infobox-data">117,523 (29,848 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_2015-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></th><td class="infobox-data">108,858 (2,114 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_2015-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></th><td class="infobox-data">108,314 (17,485 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_2015-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="infobox-data">103,247 (46,947 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_2015-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></th><td class="infobox-data">63,827 (12,023 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_2015-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></th><td class="infobox-data">56,104 (9,669 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_2015-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="infobox-data">53,212 (26,616 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_2014-22">[21]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /> <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></th><td class="infobox-data">35,616 (13,120 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">30,683 (8,057 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_2015-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></th><td class="infobox-data">27,489 (4,028 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></th><td class="infobox-data">24,485 (17,771 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_2015-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21,974 (12,406 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_2015-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">20,898 (11,734 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_2015-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18,928 (3,622 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_2014-22">[21]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18,353 (10,506 born in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>)<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_2015-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16,482<a href="#cite_note-ine.es2-25">[24]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15,390<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12,375<a href="#cite_note-ine.es2-25">[24]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12,000<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9,311<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8,003<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6,794<a href="#cite_note-CSO_Emigration-29">[28]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,000<a href="#cite_note-migration-30">[29]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,380<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,110<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></th><td class="infobox-data">~ 1,000 (2009)<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /> <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,450<a href="#cite_note-ine.es2-25">[24]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,118–45,935<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,826<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,489<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,007<a href="#cite_note-INE_Population_Abroad_by_nationality-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Spanish" title="Peninsular Spanish">Spanish</a> (<a href="#Languages">see languages</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Predominantly <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Christianity">Catholic Christianity</a> Minority <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">Irreligion</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Spain" title="Category:Spain">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spanish people</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border:none; padding:0.6em 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain_(Civil)_alternate_colours.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Spain_%28Civil%29_alternate_colours.svg/150px-Flag_of_Spain_%28Civil%29_alternate_colours.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Spain_%28Civil%29_alternate_colours.svg/225px-Flag_of_Spain_%28Civil%29_alternate_colours.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Spain_%28Civil%29_alternate_colours.svg/300px-Flag_of_Spain_%28Civil%29_alternate_colours.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Spain" title="Flag of Spain">Rojigualda</a> (historical Spanish flag)</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/National_and_regional_identity_in_Spain" title="National and regional identity in Spain">Regional groups</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusians" title="Andalusians">Andalusians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_people" title="Aragonese people">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturians" title="Asturians">Asturians</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Vaqueiros_de_alzada" title="Vaqueiros de alzada">Vaqueiros de Alzada</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Balearic people">Balearics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basques" title="Basques">Basques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islanders" title="Canary Islanders">Canary Islanders</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleño">Isleños</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_people" title="Cantabrian people">Cantabrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Castilian people">Castilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan people">Catalans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremadurans" title="Extremadurans">Extremadurans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician people">Galicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonese_people" title="Leonese people">Leonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencian people">Valencians</a></li></ul> <hr /> Other groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erromintxela_language" title="Erromintxela language">Erromintxela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gitanos" title="Gitanos">Gitanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercheros" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercheros">Mercheros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebis" title="Maghrebis">Maghrebis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitans" title="Occitans">Occitans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardim</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Spanish_and_Portuguese_Jews" title="Spanish and Portuguese Jews">Iberian Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xueta" title="Xueta">Xuetes</a>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#ddddff;"> Significant <a href="/wiki/Spanish_diaspora" title="Spanish diaspora">Spanish diaspora</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Andorra#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Argentines" title="Spanish Argentines">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Belgium#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Brazilians" title="Spanish Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Chileans" title="Spanish Chileans">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colombian" title="Spanish Colombian">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Cuba" title="Spanish immigration to Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Dominicans" title="White Dominicans">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_France" title="Spanish immigration to France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Germany" title="Spanish immigration to Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Italy#Genetics_and_ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniards_in_Mexico" title="Spaniards in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demography_of_the_Netherlands#Ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Demography of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Peru" title="Spanish immigration to Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Filipino">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_settlement_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Spanish settlement of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniards_in_Sweden" title="Spaniards in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Switzerland#Nationality" title="Demographics of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniards_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Spaniards in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Americans" title="Spanish Americans">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Uruguayans" title="Spanish Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Venezuela" title="Spanish immigration to Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">Languages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> (AKA <a href="/wiki/Names_given_to_the_Spanish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Names given to the Spanish language">Castilian</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a></li></ul> <hr />Other languages <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_language" title="Aragonese language">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astur-Leonese" class="mw-redirect" title="Astur-Leonese">Astur-Leonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_language" title="Caló language">Caló</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Sign_Language" title="Catalan Sign Language">Catalan Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erromintxela" class="mw-redirect" title="Erromintxela">Erromintxela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_language" title="Extremaduran language">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fala_language" title="Fala language">Fala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> (AKA <a href="/wiki/Aranese_dialect" title="Aranese dialect">Aranese</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sign_Language" title="Spanish Sign Language">Spanish Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Sign_Language" title="Valencian Sign Language">Valencian Sign</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; font-weight:normal; border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_people" title="Category:Spanish people">Category</a> • <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/16px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/24px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_people" title="Template:Spanish people"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Spanish_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Spanish people (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_people" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish people"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Spaniards,<a href="#cite_note-a-1">[a]</a> or Spanish people, are a people native to <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. Within Spain, there are a number of <a href="/wiki/National_and_regional_identity_in_Spain" title="National and regional identity in Spain">national and regional ethnic identities</a> that reflect the country's complex <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain" title="History of Spain">history</a>, including a number of different languages, both indigenous and local linguistic descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a>-imposed <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin language</a>, of which <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> is the largest and the only one that is official throughout the whole country. Commonly spoken regional languages include, most notably, the sole surviving indigenous language of <a href="/wiki/Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberia">Iberia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>, as well as other Latin-descended <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a> like Spanish itself, <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>. Many populations outside Spain have ancestors who <a href="/wiki/Spanish_diaspora" title="Spanish diaspora">emigrated</a> from Spain and share elements of a Hispanic culture. The most notable of these comprise <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a> in the Western Hemisphere. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> conquered Iberia during the 2nd and 1st centuries BC. <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a>, the name given to Iberia by the Romans as a province of their Empire, underwent a process of linguistic and cultural <a href="/wiki/Campaign_history_of_the_Roman_military#Conquest_of_the_Iberian_peninsula_(218-19_BC)" title="Campaign history of the Roman military">Romanization</a>, and as such, the majority of local languages in Spain today, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>, evolved out of <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> which was introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Romans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Romans">ancient Romans</a>. At the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire" title="Fall of the Western Roman Empire">end of the Western Roman Empire</a>, the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the <a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a>. Eventually, the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> would forcibly integrate all remaining independent territories in the peninsula, including the <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Byzantine province of Spania</a>, into the <a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigothic Kingdom</a>, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically, and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was then documented as Hispania. In the early eighth century, the Visigothic Kingdom was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Islamic Caliphate</a> that arrived to the peninsula in the year 711. The <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> rule in the Iberian Peninsula, termed <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">al-Andalus</a>, soon became autonomous from Baghdad. The handful of small Christian pockets in the north left out of Muslim rule, along the presence of the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a> near the Pyrenean range, would eventually lead to the emergence of the Christian kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a>. Along seven centuries, an intermittent southwards expansion of the latter kingdoms (known in historiography as the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>) took place, culminating with the Christian seizure of the last Muslim polity (the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Nasrid Kingdom of Granada</a>) in 1492, the same year <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> arrived in the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>. During the centuries after the Reconquista, the Christian kings of Spain persecuted and expelled ethnic and religious minorities such as <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Spain" title="History of the Jews in Spain">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Spain" title="Islam in Spain">Muslims</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> A process of political conglomeration among the Christian kingdoms also ensued, and the late 15th-century saw the dynastic union of Castile and Aragon under the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Monarchs">Catholic Monarchs</a>, generally considered the point of emergence of Spain as a unified country. The <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest of Navarre">Conquest of Navarre</a> occurred in 1512. There was also a period called <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dynastic_union" title="Dynastic union">dynastic union</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Crown">Spanish Crown</a>; during which, both countries were ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Habsburg">Spanish Habsburg</a> kings between 1580 and 1640. In the early modern period, Spain had <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">one of the largest empires in history</a>, which was also one of the first global empires, leaving a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes over 570 million <a href="/wiki/Hispanophone" title="Hispanophone">Hispanophones</a>,<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> making Spanish the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers" title="List of languages by number of native speakers">second-most spoken native language</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Spanish Golden Age">Golden Age</a> there were also many advancements in the arts, with the rise of renowned painters such as <a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Diego Velázquez</a>. The most famous Spanish literary work, <a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote">Don Quixote</a>, was also published during the Golden Age of the Spanish Empire. The population of Spain has become more diverse due to immigration of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. From 2000 to 2010, Spain had among the highest per capita immigration rates in the world and the second-highest absolute net migration in the world (after the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>).<a href="#cite_note-epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu-40">[39]</a> The diverse regional and cultural populations mainly include the <a href="/wiki/Castilians" title="Castilians">Castilians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aragonese_people" title="Aragonese people">Aragonese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan people">Catalans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andalusian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusian people">Andalusians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valencian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencian people">Valencians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balearic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Balearic people">Balearics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canarian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Canarian people">Canarians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basque_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque people">Basques</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Galician_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician people">Galicians</a> among others. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_populations">Early populations</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Lady_of_Elche,_once_polychrome_stone_bust_discovered_by_chance_in_1897_at_L%27Alc%C3%BAdia,_believed_to_be_a_piece_of_Iberian_sculpture_from_the_4th_century_BC,_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Spain,_Madrid_(20098349590).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/The_Lady_of_Elche%2C_once_polychrome_stone_bust_discovered_by_chance_in_1897_at_L%27Alc%C3%BAdia%2C_believed_to_be_a_piece_of_Iberian_sculpture_from_the_4th_century_BC%2C_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Spain%2C_Madrid_%2820098349590%29.jpg/170px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/The_Lady_of_Elche%2C_once_polychrome_stone_bust_discovered_by_chance_in_1897_at_L%27Alc%C3%BAdia%2C_believed_to_be_a_piece_of_Iberian_sculpture_from_the_4th_century_BC%2C_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Spain%2C_Madrid_%2820098349590%29.jpg/255px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/The_Lady_of_Elche%2C_once_polychrome_stone_bust_discovered_by_chance_in_1897_at_L%27Alc%C3%BAdia%2C_believed_to_be_a_piece_of_Iberian_sculpture_from_the_4th_century_BC%2C_National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Spain%2C_Madrid_%2820098349590%29.jpg/340px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3178" data-file-height="3955" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Elche" title="Lady of Elche">Lady of Elche</a>, a piece of <a href="/wiki/Iberian_sculpture" title="Iberian sculpture">Iberian sculpture</a> from the 4th century BC</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cabeza_masculina_romana_de_Azaila_(M.A.N._32644)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cabeza_masculina_romana_de_Azaila_%28M.A.N._32644%29_02.jpg/170px-Cabeza_masculina_romana_de_Azaila_%28M.A.N._32644%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cabeza_masculina_romana_de_Azaila_%28M.A.N._32644%29_02.jpg/255px-Cabeza_masculina_romana_de_Azaila_%28M.A.N._32644%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cabeza_masculina_romana_de_Azaila_%28M.A.N._32644%29_02.jpg/340px-Cabeza_masculina_romana_de_Azaila_%28M.A.N._32644%29_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1808" data-file-height="2794" /></a><figcaption>A young <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispano-Roman</a> nobleman from the 1st century BC</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Traianus_Glyptothek_Munich_336.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Traianus_Glyptothek_Munich_336.jpg/170px-Traianus_Glyptothek_Munich_336.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Traianus_Glyptothek_Munich_336.jpg/255px-Traianus_Glyptothek_Munich_336.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Traianus_Glyptothek_Munich_336.jpg/340px-Traianus_Glyptothek_Munich_336.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1648" data-file-height="2261" /></a><figcaption>Marble bust of Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a>, born in Roman <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Italica" title="Italica">Italica</a> near modern-day <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>)</figcaption></figure> The earliest modern humans inhabiting the region of Spain are believed to have been <a href="/wiki/Early_European_modern_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Early European modern humans">Paleolithic peoples</a>, who may have arrived in the Iberian Peninsula as early as 35,000–40,000 years ago. The <a href="/wiki/Iberians" title="Iberians">Iberians</a> are believed to have arrived or emerged in the region as a culture between the <a href="/wiki/4th_millennium_BC" title="4th millennium BC">4th millennium BC</a> and the 3rd millennium BC, settling initially along the Mediterranean coast.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Then <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> settled in Spain during the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_Europe" title="Iron Age Europe">Iron Age</a>. Some of those tribes in North-central Spain, who had cultural contact with the Iberians, are called <a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberians</a>. In addition, a group known as the <a href="/wiki/Tartessos" title="Tartessos">Tartessians</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Turdetani" title="Turdetani">Turdetanians</a> inhabited southwestern Spain. They are believed to have developed a separate culture influenced by <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a>. The seafaring <a href="/wiki/Phoenicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenicians">Phoenicians</a>,<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carthaginian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthaginian Republic">Carthaginians</a> successively settled trading colonies along the Mediterranean coast over a period of several centuries. Interaction took place with Indigenous peoples. The <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a> between the Carthaginians and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> was fought mainly in what is now Spain and Portugal.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> conquered Iberia during the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, and established a series of <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>-speaking provinces in the region. As a result of <a href="/wiki/Campaign_history_of_the_Roman_military#Conquest_of_the_Iberian_peninsula_(218-19_BC)" title="Campaign history of the Roman military">Roman colonization</a>, the majority of local languages, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>, stem from the <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> that was spoken in <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a> (Roman Iberia). A new group of <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Iberia">Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula</a> including <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, which eventually became the main language in Spain evolved from Roman expansion. Hispania emerged as an important part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> and produced notable historical figures such as <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martial" title="Martial">Martial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quintilian" title="Quintilian">Quintilian</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian</a> <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a> under King <a href="/wiki/Respendial" title="Respendial">Respendial</a>, arrived in the peninsula in 409 AD. Part of the Vandals with the remaining Alans, now under <a href="/wiki/Geiseric" class="mw-redirect" title="Geiseric">Geiseric</a>, removed to North Africa after a few conflicts with another Germanic tribe, the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths#Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a>. The latter were established in <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> and supported Roman campaigns against the Vandals and Alans in 415–19 AD. The Visigoths became the dominant power in Iberia and reigned for three centuries. They were highly <a href="/wiki/Romanization_(cultural)" title="Romanization (cultural)">romanized</a> in the eastern Empire and already Christians, so they became fully integrated into the late Iberian-Roman culture. The <a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a> were another Germanic tribe in the west of the peninsula; some sources said that they became established as federates of the Roman Empire in the old Northwestern Roman province of <a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a> (roughly, present-day <a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Portugal" title="North Region, Portugal">northern Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>). But they were largely independent and raided neighboring provinces to expand their political control over ever-larger portions of the southwest after the Vandals and Alans left. They created a totally independent <a href="/wiki/Suebic_Kingdom_of_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Suebic Kingdom of Galicia">Suebic Kingdom</a>. In 447 AC they converted to Roman Catholicism under King <a href="/wiki/Rechila" title="Rechila">Rechila</a>. After being checked and reduced in 456 AD by the Visigoths, the Suebic Kingdom survived to 585 AD. It was decimated as an independent political unit by the Visigoths, after having been involved in the internal affairs of their kingdom. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3></div> After two centuries of domination by the <a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigothic Kingdom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> was <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_conquest_of_Hispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad conquest of Hispania">invaded by a Muslim force</a> under <a href="/wiki/Tariq_ibn_Ziyad" title="Tariq ibn Ziyad">Tariq Bin Ziyad</a> in 711. This army consisted mainly of ethnic <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> from the Ghomara tribe, who were reinforced by <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> from <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> once the conquest was complete. Only a remote mountainous area in the far north retained independence, eventually developing as the Christian <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Kingdom of Asturias</a>. Muslim Iberia became part of the Umayyad Caliphate and would be known as <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a>. The Berbers of Al Andalus revolted as early as 740 AD, halting Arab expansion across the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenee_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrenee Mountains">Pyrenee Mountains</a> into France. Upon the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, Spain was seized by <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Abd_al-Rahman_al-Fihri" title="Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri">Yusuf al Fihri</a>. The exiled Umayyad Prince <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_I" title="Abd al-Rahman I">Abd al-Rahman I</a> next seized power, establishing himself as Emir of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Cordoba</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd_al_Rahman_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abd al Rahman III (page does not exist)">Abd al Rahman III</a>, his grandson, proclaimed a <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a> in 929, marking the beginning of the Golden Age of Al Andalus. This policy was the effective power of the peninsula and Western North Africa; it competed with the <a href="/wiki/Shiite" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiite">Shiite</a> rulers of <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a> and frequently raided the small Christian kingdoms in the North. The <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Caliphate of Córdoba</a> effectively collapsed during a ruinous civil war between 1009 and 1013; it was not finally abolished until 1031, when al-Andalus broke up into a number of mostly independent mini-states and principalities called <a href="/wiki/Taifas" class="mw-redirect" title="Taifas">taifas</a>. These were generally too weak to defend themselves against repeated raids and demands for tribute from the Christian states to the north and west, which were known to the Muslims as "the Galician nations". These had expanded from their initial strongholds in Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, the Basque country, and the Carolingian Marca Hispanica to become the Kingdoms of Navarre, León, Portugal, Castile and Aragon, and the County of Barcelona. Eventually they began to conquer territory, and the Taifa kings asked for help from the Almoravids, Muslim Berber rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a>. But the <a href="/wiki/Almoravids" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravids">Almoravids</a> went on to conquer and annex all the Taifa kingdoms. In 1086 the Almoravid ruler of Morocco, <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin">Yusuf ibn Tashfin</a>, was invited by the Muslim princes in Iberia to defend them against <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso VI">Alfonso VI</a>, King of Castile and León. In that year, Tashfin crossed the straits to Algeciras and inflicted defeat on the Christian army at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sagrajas" title="Battle of Sagrajas">Battle of Sagrajas</a>. By 1094, Yusuf ibn Tashfin had removed all Muslim princes in Iberia and had annexed their states, except for the one at Zaragoza. He also regained <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a> from the Christians. About this time a massive process of conversion to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> took place, and Muslims comprised the majority of the population in Spain by the end of the 11th century. The Almoravids were succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Almohads" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohads">Almohads</a>, another <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berber</a> dynasty, after the victory of Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur over the Castilian Alfonso VIII at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alarcos" title="Battle of Alarcos">Battle of Alarcos</a> in 1195. In 1212 a coalition of Christian kings under the leadership of the Castilian Alfonso VIII defeated the Almohads at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. But the Almohads continued to rule Al-Andalus for another decade, though with much reduced power and prestige. The civil wars following the death of Abu Ya'qub Yusuf II rapidly led to the re-establishment of taifas. The taifas, newly independent but weakened, were quickly conquered by the kingdoms of Portugal, Castile, and Aragon. After the fall of Murcia (1243) and the Algarve (1249), only the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Emirate of Granada</a> survived as a Muslim state, tributary of Castile until 1492. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reinos_Antiguo_R%C3%A9gimen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Reinos_Antiguo_R%C3%A9gimen.svg/220px-Reinos_Antiguo_R%C3%A9gimen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Reinos_Antiguo_R%C3%A9gimen.svg/330px-Reinos_Antiguo_R%C3%A9gimen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Reinos_Antiguo_R%C3%A9gimen.svg/440px-Reinos_Antiguo_R%C3%A9gimen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>Iberian Kingdoms in 1400</figcaption></figure> In 1469 the marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile signaled a joining of forces to attack and conquer the Emirate of Granada. The King and Queen convinced the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> to declare their war a <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">crusade</a>. The Christians were successful and finally, in January 1492, after a long siege, the Moorish sultan <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad XII">Muhammad XII</a> surrendered the fortress palace, the renowned <a href="/wiki/Alhambra" title="Alhambra">Alhambra</a>. Spain <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Conquest of the Canary Islands">conquered the Canary Islands</a> between 1402 and 1496. Their indigenous Berber population, the <a href="/wiki/Guanches" title="Guanches">Guanches</a>, were gradually absorbed by intermarrying with Spanish settlers. Spanish conquest of the Iberian part of Navarre was begun by Ferdinand II of Aragon and completed by Charles V. The series of military campaigns extended from 1512 to 1524, while the war lasted until 1528 in the Navarre to the north of the Pyrenees. Between 1568 and 1571, Charles V armies fought and defeated a general insurrection of the Muslims of the mountains of Granada. Charles V then ordered the expulsion of up to 80,000 Granadans from the province and their dispersal throughout Spain. The union of the Christian kingdoms of Castile and Aragon as well as the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a>, Navarre and the Canary Islands led to the formation of the Spanish state as known today. This allowed for the development of a Spanish identity based on the Spanish language and a local form of Catholicism. This gradually developed in a territory that remained culturally, linguistically and religiously very diverse. A majority of Jews were forcibly <a href="/wiki/Converso" title="Converso">converted to Catholicism</a> during the 14th and 15th centuries and those remaining were expelled from Spain in 1492. The open practice of Islam by Spain's sizeable <a href="/wiki/Mudejar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudejar">Mudejar</a> population was similarly outlawed. Furthermore, between 1609 and 1614, a significant number of <a href="/wiki/Morisco" title="Morisco">Moriscos</a>— (Muslims who had been baptized Catholic) were <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Moriscos" title="Expulsion of the Moriscos">expelled</a> by royal decree.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> Although initial estimates of the number of Moriscos expelled such as those of Henri Lapeyre reach 300,000 moriscos (or 4% of the total Spanish population), the extent and severity of the expulsion has been increasingly challenged by modern historians. Nevertheless, the eastern region of Valencia, where ethnic tensions were highest, was particularly affected by the expulsion, suffering economic collapse and depopulation of much of its territory. The Islamic legacy in Spain has been long lasting, and among many others, accounts for two of the eight <a href="/wiki/Masterpieces" class="mw-redirect" title="Masterpieces">masterpieces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic architecture</a> from around the world: the <a href="/wiki/Alhambra_of_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Alhambra of Granada">Alhambra of Granada</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cordoba_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Cordoba Mosque">Cordoba Mosque</a>;<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Palmeral_of_Elche" title="Palmeral of Elche">Palmeral of Elche</a> <a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> is listed as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> due to its uniqueness.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> Those who avoided expulsion or who managed to return to Spain merged into the dominant culture.<a href="#cite_note-Susan_M_2008-47">[46]</a> The last mass prosecution against Moriscos for <a href="/wiki/Crypto-Islam" title="Crypto-Islam">crypto-Islamic</a> practices took place in Granada in 1727, with most of those convicted receiving relatively light sentences. By the end of the 18th century, Indigenous Islam and Morisco identity were considered to have been extinguished in Spain.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonialism_and_emigration">Colonialism and emigration</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperios_Espa%C3%B1ol_y_Portugu%C3%A9s_1790.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Imperios_Espa%C3%B1ol_y_Portugu%C3%A9s_1790.svg/220px-Imperios_Espa%C3%B1ol_y_Portugu%C3%A9s_1790.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Imperios_Espa%C3%B1ol_y_Portugu%C3%A9s_1790.svg/330px-Imperios_Espa%C3%B1ol_y_Portugu%C3%A9s_1790.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Imperios_Espa%C3%B1ol_y_Portugu%C3%A9s_1790.svg/440px-Imperios_Espa%C3%B1ol_y_Portugu%C3%A9s_1790.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2655" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Spanish and Portuguese empires in 1790</figcaption></figure> In the 16th century, following the military conquest of most of the new continent, perhaps 240,000 Spaniards entered American ports. They were joined by 450,000 in the next century.<a href="#cite_note-Axtell_12–18-49">[48]</a> It is estimated that during the colonial period (1492–1832), a total of 1.86 million Spaniards settled in the Americas and a further 3.5 million immigrated during the post-colonial era (1850–1950); the estimate is 250,000 in the 16th century, and most during the 18th century as immigration was encouraged by the new Bourbon Dynasty. After the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> these two regions became the principal destinations of Spanish colonial settlers in the 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-Migration_to_Latin_America-50">[49]</a> In the period 1850–1950, 3.5 million Spanish left for <a href="/wiki/The_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Americas">the Americas</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Diaspora-51">[50]</a> From 1840 to 1890, as many as 40,000 Canary Islanders emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> 94,000 Spaniards chose to go to <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">Algeria</a> in the last years of the 19th century, and 250,000 Spaniards lived in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> at the beginning of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-Diaspora-51">[50]</a> By the end of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, some 500,000 Spanish Republican <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a> had crossed the border into France.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> From 1961 to 1974, at the height of the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_worker" title="Foreign worker">guest worker</a> in Western Europe, about 100,000 Spaniards emigrated each year.<a href="#cite_note-Diaspora-51">[50]</a> The nation has formally apologized to expelled Jews and since 2015 offers the chance for people to reclaim Spanish citizenship. By 2019, over 132,000 <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardic Jewish">Sephardic Jewish</a> descendants had reclaimed Spanish citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> The population of Spain has become more diverse due to immigration of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. From 2000 to 2010, Spain had among the highest per capita immigration rates in the world and the second-highest absolute net migration in the world (after the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>).<a href="#cite_note-epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu-40">[39]</a> Immigrants now make up about 10% of the population. But Spain's prolonged economic crisis between 2008 and 2015 reduced economic opportunities, and both immigration rates and the total number of foreigners in the country declined. By the end of this period, Spain was becoming a net emigrant country. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_origins_and_genetics">Historical origins and genetics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula">Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula</a></div> Spanish people, like most Europeans, largely descend from three distinct lineages:<a href="#cite_note-Indo-European-56">[55]</a> Mesolithic <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherers</a>, descended from populations associated with the Paleolithic <a href="/wiki/Epigravettian" title="Epigravettian">Epigravettian</a> culture;<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> Neolithic <a href="/wiki/Early_European_Farmers" title="Early European Farmers">Early European Farmers</a> who migrated from Anatolia during the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a> 9,000 years ago;<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yamnaya_culture" title="Yamnaya culture">Yamnaya</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_Steppe_Herders" title="Western Steppe Herders">Steppe herders</a> who expanded into Europe from the <a href="/wiki/Pontic%E2%80%93Caspian_steppe" title="Pontic–Caspian steppe">Pontic–Caspian steppe</a> of Ukraine and southern Russia in the context of <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_migrations" title="Indo-European migrations">Indo-European migrations</a> 5,000 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-Indo-European-56">[55]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iberia_300BC-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Iberia_300BC-en.svg/220px-Iberia_300BC-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Iberia_300BC-en.svg/330px-Iberia_300BC-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Iberia_300BC-en.svg/440px-Iberia_300BC-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption>Ethnology of the Iberian Peninsula <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 300 BC</figcaption></figure> The Spanish people's genetic pool largely derives from the pre-Roman inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Indo-European_languages" title="Pre-Indo-European languages">Pre-Indo-European</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indo-European" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-European">Indo-European</a> speaking <a href="/wiki/Pre-Celtic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Celtic">pre-Celtic</a> groups: (<a href="/wiki/Iberians" title="Iberians">Iberians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vettones" title="Vettones">Vettones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turdetani" title="Turdetani">Turdetani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aquitani" title="Aquitani">Aquitani</a>).<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-61">[60]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gallaecians" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallaecians">Gallaecians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turduli" title="Turduli">Turduli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celtici" title="Celtici">Celtici</a>),<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-61">[60]</a> who were <a href="/wiki/Romanization_(cultural)" title="Romanization (cultural)">Romanized</a> after the conquest of the region by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Romans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Romans">ancient Romans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bycroft2019-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid30872528-64">[63]</a></li></ul> There are also some genetic influences from <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> tribes who arrived after the Roman period, including the <a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hasdingi" title="Hasdingi">Hasdingi</a> <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> Due to its position on the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, like other <a href="/wiki/Southern_European" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern European">Southern European</a> countries, the land that is now Spain also had contact with other Mediterranean peoples such as the ancient <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greeks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carthaginian_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthaginian empire">Carthaginians</a> who briefly settled along the Iberian Mediterranean coast, the <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jewish">Sephardi Jewish</a> community, and <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> arrived during <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a>, all of them leaving some <a href="/wiki/North_African" class="mw-redirect" title="North African">North African</a> and <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Eastern">Middle Eastern</a> genetic contributions, particularly in the Southern and Western <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJónsson2007195-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid30872528-64">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bycroft2019-63">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peoples_of_Spain">Peoples of Spain</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nationalities_and_regions">Nationalities and regions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Nationalities_and_regions_of_Spain" title="Nationalities and regions of Spain">Nationalities and regions of Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nationalisms_and_regionalisms_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain">Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conversation_in_a_Sevillan_Courtyard_Jos%C3%A9_Jim%C3%A9nez_Aranda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Conversation_in_a_Sevillan_Courtyard_Jos%C3%A9_Jim%C3%A9nez_Aranda.jpg/220px-Conversation_in_a_Sevillan_Courtyard_Jos%C3%A9_Jim%C3%A9nez_Aranda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Conversation_in_a_Sevillan_Courtyard_Jos%C3%A9_Jim%C3%A9nez_Aranda.jpg/330px-Conversation_in_a_Sevillan_Courtyard_Jos%C3%A9_Jim%C3%A9nez_Aranda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Conversation_in_a_Sevillan_Courtyard_Jos%C3%A9_Jim%C3%A9nez_Aranda.jpg/440px-Conversation_in_a_Sevillan_Courtyard_Jos%C3%A9_Jim%C3%A9nez_Aranda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1372" /></a><figcaption>Conversation in a Sevillian Courtyard, 19th century by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Jim%C3%A9nez_Aranda" title="José Jiménez Aranda">José Jiménez Aranda</a></figcaption></figure> Within Spain, there are various nationalities and regional populations including the <a href="/wiki/Andalusian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusian people">Andalusians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castilian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Castilian people">Castilians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan people">Catalans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valencian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencian people">Valencians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balearic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Balearic people">Balearics</a> (who speak <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>, a distinct Romance language in eastern Spain), the <a href="/wiki/Basque_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque people">Basques</a> (who live in the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque country</a> and north of <a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a> and speak <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>, a non-Indo-European language), and the <a href="/wiki/Galician_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician people">Galicians</a> (who speak <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>, a descendant of old <a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a>). Respect to the existing <a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">cultural pluralism</a> is important to many Spaniards. In many regions there exist strong regional identities such as <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="León (historical region)">León</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, while in others (like <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a> or <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>) there are stronger <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">national sentiments</a>. Many of them refuse to identify themselves with the Spanish ethnic group and prefer some of the following: <dl><dt>Nationalities and regional identities</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusian people">Andalusian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_people" title="Aragonese people">Aragonese people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Asturian people">Asturian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Balearic people">Balearic people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque people">Basque people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islanders" title="Canary Islanders">Canary Islanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_people" title="Cantabrian people">Cantabrian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Castilian people">Castilian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan people">Catalan people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Extremaduran people">Extremaduran people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician people">Galician people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonese_people" title="Leonese people">Leonese people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencian people">Valencian people</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romani_minority">Romani minority</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani people in Spain">Romani people in Spain</a></div> Spain is home to one of the largest communities of <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a> (commonly known by the English <a href="/wiki/Exonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym">exonym</a> "gypsies", Spanish: gitanos). The Spanish Roma, which belong to the Iberian Kale subgroup (<a href="/wiki/Romani_people#Romani_subgroups" title="Romani people">calé</a>), are a formerly-nomadic community, which spread across Western Asia, North Africa, and Europe, first reaching Spain in the 15th century. Data on ethnicity is not collected in Spain, although the Government's statistical agency CIS estimated in 2007 that the number of Gitanos present in Spain is probably around one million.<a href="#cite_note-Diagnostico_Social_de_la_Comunidad_Gitana_en_Espana_-_CIS-73">[72]</a> Most Spanish Roma live in the autonomous community of Andalusia, where they have traditionally enjoyed a higher degree of integration than in the rest of the country. A number of Spanish Calé also live in Southern France, especially in the region of <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_immigration">Modern immigration</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Spain" title="Immigration to Spain">Immigration to Spain</a></div> The population of Spain has become increasingly diverse due to recent immigration. From 2000 to 2010, Spain had among the highest per capita immigration rates in the world and the second highest absolute net migration in the World (after the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>)<a href="#cite_note-epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu-40">[39]</a> and immigrants now make up about 10% of the population. Since 2000, Spain has absorbed more than 3 million immigrants, with thousands more arriving each year.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> In 2008, the immigrant population topped over 4.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> These immigrants came mainly from <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Spaniards" title="Special:EditPage/Spaniards">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2010) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spain_languages.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Spain_languages.svg/300px-Spain_languages.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Spain_languages.svg/450px-Spain_languages.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Spain_languages.svg/600px-Spain_languages.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>The vernacular languages of Spain (simplified) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394559">.mw-parser-output figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key>ol{margin-left:1.3em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key>ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media(min-width:300px){.mw-parser-output figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key,.mw-parser-output figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key-wide{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key-narrow{column-count:1}}@media(min-width:450px){.mw-parser-output figure[typeof="mw:File/Thumb"] .image-key-wide{column-count:3}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist image-key"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> official; spoken all over the country</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>, co-official </div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>, co-official </div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>, co-official </div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aranese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aranese language">Aranese</a>), co-official</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Asturleonese_language" title="Asturleonese language">Asturian (and Leonese)</a>, recognised but not official</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Aragonese_language" title="Aragonese language">Aragonese</a>, recognised but not official </div></li></ul></div></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">Languages of Spain</a></div> Languages spoken in Spain include <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> (castellano or español) (74%), <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> (català, called <a href="/wiki/Valencian_language" title="Valencian language">valencià</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a>) (17%), <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a> (galego) (7%), and <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> (euskara) (2%).<a href="#cite_note-CIA-77">[76]</a> Other languages with a lower level of official recognition are <a href="/wiki/Asturian_language" title="Asturian language">Asturian</a> (asturianu), <a href="/wiki/Aranese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aranese language">Aranese Gascon</a> (aranés), <a href="/wiki/Aragonese_language" title="Aragonese language">Aragonese</a> (aragonés), and <a href="/wiki/Leonese_language" title="Leonese language">Leonese</a>, each with their own various dialects. Spanish is the official state language, although the other languages are co-official in a number of autonomous communities. Peninsular Spanish is typically classified in northern and southern dialects; among the southern ones <a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Spanish" title="Andalusian Spanish">Andalusian Spanish</a> is particularly important. The Canary Islands have a <a href="/wiki/Canarian_Spanish" title="Canarian Spanish">distinct dialect</a> of Spanish which is close to <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Spanish" title="Caribbean Spanish">Caribbean Spanish</a>. The Spanish language is a <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance language</a> and is one of the aspects (including laws and general "ways of life") that causes Spaniards to be labelled a <a href="/wiki/Romance-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance-speaking Europe">Latin people</a>. Spanish has a significant <a href="/wiki/Arabic_influence_on_the_Spanish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic influence on the Spanish language">Arabic influence</a> in vocabulary; between the 8th and 12th centuries, Arabic was the dominant language in <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> and some 4,000 words are of Arabic origin, including nouns, verbs and adjectives.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> It also has influences from other Romance languages such as <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a> or <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>. Traditionally, the <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque language</a> has been considered a key influence on Spanish, though nowadays this is questioned. Other changes are borrowings from English and other Germanic languages, although English influence is stronger in Latin America than in Spain. The number of speakers of <a href="/wiki/Names_given_to_the_Spanish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Names given to the Spanish language">Spanish</a> as a mother tongue is roughly 35.6 million, while the vast majority of other groups in Spain such as the <a href="/wiki/Galician_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician people">Galicians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan people">Catalans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Basque_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque people">Basques</a> also speak Spanish as a first or second language, which boosts the number of Spanish speakers to the overwhelming majority of Spain's population of 46 million. Spanish was exported to the Americas due to over three centuries of Spanish colonial rule starting with the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> to <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a> in 1492. Spanish is spoken natively by over 400 million people and spans across most countries of the Americas; from the Southwestern United States in North America down to <a href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego" title="Tierra del Fuego">Tierra del Fuego</a>, the southernmost region of South America in <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>. A variety of the language, known as <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a> or Ladino (or <a href="/wiki/Haketia" title="Haketia">Haketia</a> in Morocco), is still spoken by descendants of Sephardim (Spanish and Portuguese Jews) who fled Spain following a <a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Decree" title="Alhambra Decree">decree of expulsion of practising Jews</a> in 1492. Also, a Spanish <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole language</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Chabacano_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chabacano language">Chabacano</a>, which developed by the mixing of Spanish and native <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano languages</a> during Spain's rule of the country through <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> from 1565 to 1898, is spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> (by roughly 1 million people).<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Spain" title="Religion in Spain">Religion in Spain</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Spain">Roman Catholicism</a> is by far the largest denomination present in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>,<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> although its share of the population has been decreasing for decades. According to a study by the Spanish Centre for Sociological Research in 2013 about 71% of Spaniards self-identified as <a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a>, 2% other faith, and about 25% identified as atheists or declared they had <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Spain" title="Irreligion in Spain">no religion</a>. Survey data for 2019 show Catholics down to 69%, 2.8% "other faith" and 27% atheist-agnostic-non-believers.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-77">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emigration_from_Spain">Emigration from Spain</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_diaspora" title="Spanish diaspora">Spanish diaspora</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollo people</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Spanish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_the_Spanish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/300px-Map_of_the_Spanish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_the_Spanish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/450px-Map_of_the_Spanish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_the_Spanish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/600px-Map_of_the_Spanish_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption>Distribution of the Spaniards and their descendants around the world. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Spain</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  + 100,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  + 10,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  + 1,000</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FuenteDeLasCibelesp4v2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/FuenteDeLasCibelesp4v2.jpg/220px-FuenteDeLasCibelesp4v2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/FuenteDeLasCibelesp4v2.jpg/330px-FuenteDeLasCibelesp4v2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/FuenteDeLasCibelesp4v2.jpg/440px-FuenteDeLasCibelesp4v2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4504" data-file-height="3371" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fuente_de_Cibeles_(Mexico_City)" title="Fuente de Cibeles (Mexico City)">Fuente de Cibeles in Mexico City</a>, was made in 1980 by the community of Spanish residents in Mexico, is a bronze replica of the fountain located in the <a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Cybele" title="Fountain of Cybele">Plaza de Cibeles</a> in Madrid.</figcaption></figure> Outside of Europe, Latin America has the largest population of people with ancestors from Spain. These include people of <a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">full</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">partial</a> Spanish ancestry. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People_with_Spanish_ancestry">People with Spanish ancestry</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:23%;">Country</th> <th>Population (% of country)</th> <th width="4%">Reference</th> <th>Criterion </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Mexican" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Mexican">Spanish Mexican</a></td> <td>94,720,000 (>80%)</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Britannica.com-3">[2]</a></td> <td>estimated: 20-40% as <a href="/wiki/White_Mexican" class="mw-redirect" title="White Mexican">Whites</a> 60-80% as <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizos</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish American">Spanish American</a></td> <td>50,000,000 (16%)</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Hispanic_American_ethnics_Survey-4">[3]</a></td> <td>10,017,244 who identify themselves with direct ancestry from Spain.<a href="#cite_note-The_Source:_Gen-83">[82]</a> 26,735,713 (53.0%) (8.7% of total U.S. population) Hispanics in the United States who identify as white (sometimes mixed with other European origins) or <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a> via Latin America. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Venezuelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Venezuelan">Spanish Venezuelan</a></td> <td>25,079,923 (90%)</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-5">[4]</a></td> <td>42% as <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white</a> and 50% as <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">mestizos</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Brazilian">Spanish Brazilian</a></td> <td>15,000,000 (8%)</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-hispanista.com.br-6">[5]</a></td> <td>estimate by Bruno Ayllón.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colombian" title="Spanish Colombian">Spanish Colombian</a></td> <td>39,000,000 (86%) [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>Self-description as "Mestizo, white and mulatto" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Cuba" title="Spanish immigration to Cuba">Spanish Cuban</a></td> <td>10,050,849 (89%)</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-census-7">[6]</a></td> <td>Self-description as white, mulatto and mestizo </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish immigration to Puerto Rico">Spanish Puerto Rican</a></td> <td>3,064,862 (80.5%)</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto2-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> <a href="#cite_note-page_6,_Puerto_Rican_ancestry-86">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-PRID-87">[86]</a></td> <td>Self-description as white. 83,879 (2%) identified as Spanish citizens </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Canadian">Spanish Canadian</a></td> <td>325,730 (1%)</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-cen2006-88">[87]</a></td> <td>Self-description </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Australian">Spanish Australian</a></td> <td>58,271 (0.3%)</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-censusdata.abs.gov.au-89">[88]</a></td> <td>Self-description </td></tr></tbody></table> The listings above shows the nine countries with known collected data on people with ancestors from Spain, although the definitions of each of these are somewhat different and the numbers cannot really be compared. <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Chilean">Spanish Chilean</a> of Chile and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Uruguayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Uruguayan">Spanish Uruguayan</a> of Uruguay could be included by percentage (each at above 40%) instead of numeral size. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Spain" title="Demographics of Spain">Demographics of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanosphere">Hispanosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula">Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalisms_and_regionalisms_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain">Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalities_and_regions_of_Spain" title="Nationalities and regions of Spain">Nationalities and regions of Spain</a></li> <li>Spanish nationalities and regional identities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusian people">Andalusian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_people" title="Aragonese people">Aragonese people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Asturian people">Asturian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Balearic people">Balearic people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque people">Basque people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagot" title="Cagot">Cagot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Canarian people">Canarian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_people" title="Cantabrian people">Cantabrian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Castilian people">Castilian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan people">Catalan people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Extremaduran people">Extremaduran people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician people">Galician people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonese_people" title="Leonese people">Leonese people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencian people">Valencian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaqueiros_de_alzada" title="Vaqueiros de alzada">Vaqueiros de alzada</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages of Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dialects_and_varieties#Spain" title="Spanish dialects and varieties">dialects and varieties</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan/Valencian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aranese language">Aranese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_language" title="Aragonese language">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_language" title="Asturian language">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonese_language" title="Leonese language">Leonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcian_Spanish" title="Murcian Spanish">Murcian language</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ancient peoples of Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Roman_peoples_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula">Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iberians" title="Iberians">Iberians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaeci" title="Gallaeci">Gallaeci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lusitanians" title="Lusitanians">Lusitanians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantabri" title="Cantabri">Cantabrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vascones" title="Vascones">Vascones</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punics" class="mw-redirect" title="Punics">Punics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carthaginian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthaginian Republic">Carthaginians</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanches" title="Guanches">Guanches</a> (in the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arabs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Berber_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber people">Berbers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Spain" title="History of the Jews in Spain">History of the Jews in Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li>Peoples with Spanish ancestry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollos</a> (Spaniards in the former Spanish Empire)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Spaniard" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Spaniard">Afro-Spaniards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipados" title="Emancipados">Emancipados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernandino_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernandino peoples">Fernandinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Americans" title="Latin Americans">Latin Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latino_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino Americans">Latino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleño">Isleños</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana Creole people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Americans" title="Spanish Americans">Spanish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Argentine">Spanish Argentinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Australian">Spanish Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilians_of_Spanish_descent" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilians of Spanish descent">Spanish Brazilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniards_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Spaniards in the United Kingdom">Spanish Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadians_of_Spanish_descent" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadians of Spanish descent">Spanish Canadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Central_America" title="Ethnic groups in Central America">Spanish Central Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Chilean">Spanish Chileans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Equatoguineans" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Equatoguineans">Spanish Equatoguineans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Filipino">Spanish Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Mexican" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Mexican">Spanish Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Peruvian" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Peruvian">Spanish Peruvians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish immigration to Puerto Rico">Spanish Puerto Ricans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Spanish Uruguayans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colombian" title="Spanish Colombian">Spanish Colombians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Latin_Americans" title="White Latin Americans">White Latin Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-a-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_1-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">Native</a> names and pronunciations: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: españoles <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[espaˈɲoles]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astur-Leonese" class="mw-redirect" title="Astur-Leonese">Astur-Leonese</a>: españoles (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Extremaduran pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">[ɛhpːaˈɲɔlɪh]</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Leonese pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">[espaˈɲoles, -lɪs]</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>: espainiarrak <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque" title="Help:IPA/Basque">[espaɲiarak]</a> or espainolak <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque" title="Help:IPA/Basque">[espaɲiolak]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_language" title="Aragonese language">Aragonese</a>: espanyols <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[espaˈɲols]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>: espanyols (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Eastern Catalan pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">[əspəˈɲɔls]</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Valencian pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">[espaˈɲɔls]</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>: españois <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">[espaˈɲɔjs, -ˈɲɔjʃ]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: espanhòls <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">[espaˈɲɔls]</a>.</li></ul> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+genomic+history+of+the+Iberian+Peninsula+over+the+past+8000+years&rft.volume=363&rft.issue=6432&rft.pages=1230-1234&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6436108%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30872528&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aav4040&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019Sci...363.1230O&rft.aulast=Olalde&rft.aufirst=I%C3%B1igo&rft.au=Mallick%2C+Swapan&rft.au=Patterson%2C+Nick&rft.au=Rohland%2C+Nadin&rft.au=Villalba-Mouco%2C+Vanessa&rft.au=Silva%2C+Marina&rft.au=Dulias%2C+Katharina&rft.au=Edwards%2C+Ceiridwen+J.&rft.au=Gandini%2C+Francesca&rft.au=Pala%2C+Maria&rft.au=Soares%2C+Pedro&rft.au=Ferrando-Bernal%2C+Manuel&rft.au=Adamski%2C+Nicole&rft.au=Broomandkhoshbacht%2C+Nasreen&rft.au=Cheronet%2C+Olivia&rft.au=Culleton%2C+Brendan+J.&rft.au=Fernandes%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Lawson%2C+Ann+Marie&rft.au=Mah%2C+Matthew&rft.au=Oppenheimer%2C+Jonas&rft.au=Stewardson%2C+Kristin&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Zhao&rft.au=Arenas%2C+Juan+Manuel+Jim%C3%A9nez&rft.au=Moyano%2C+Isidro+Jorge+Toro&rft.au=Salazar-Garc%C3%ADa%2C+Domingo+C.&rft.au=Castanyer%2C+Pere&rft.au=Santos%2C+Marta&rft.au=Tremoleda%2C+Joaquim&rft.au=Lozano%2C+Marina&rft.au=Borja%2C+Pablo+Garc%C3%ADa&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez-Eraso%2C+Javier&rft.au=Mujika-Alustiza%2C+Jos%C3%A9+Antonio&rft.au=Barroso%2C+Cecilio&rft.au=Berm%C3%BAdez%2C+Francisco+J.&rft.au=M%C3%ADnguez%2C+Enrique+Viguera&rft.au=Burch%2C+Josep&rft.au=Coromina%2C+Neus&rft.au=Viv%C3%B3%2C+David&rft.au=Cebri%C3%A0%2C+Artur&rft.au=Fullola%2C+Josep+Maria&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa-Puchol%2C+Oreto&rft.au=Morales%2C+Juan+Ignacio&rft.au=Oms%2C+F.+Xavier&rft.au=Maj%C3%B3%2C+Tona&rft.au=Verg%C3%A8s%2C+Josep+Maria&rft.au=D%C3%ADaz-Carvajal%2C+Ant%C3%B2nia&rft.au=Ollich-Castanyer%2C+Imma&rft.au=L%C3%B3pez-Cachero%2C+F.+Javier&rft.au=Silva%2C+Ana+Maria&rft.au=Alonso-Fern%C3%A1ndez%2C+Carmen&rft.au=de+Castro%2C+Germ%C3%A1n+Delibes&rft.au=Echevarr%C3%ADa%2C+Javier+Jim%C3%A9nez&rft.au=Moreno-M%C3%A1rquez%2C+Adolfo&rft.au=Berlanga%2C+Guillermo+Pascual&rft.au=Ramos-Garc%C3%ADa%2C+Pablo&rft.au=Mu%C3%B1oz%2C+Jos%C3%A9+Ramos&rft.au=Vila%2C+Eduardo+Vijande&rft.au=Arzo%2C+Gustau+Aguilella&rft.au=Arroyo%2C+%C3%81ngel+Esparza&rft.au=Lillios%2C+Katina+T.&rft.au=Mack%2C+Jennifer&rft.au=Velasco-V%C3%A1zquez%2C+Javier&rft.au=Waterman%2C+Anna&rft.au=de+Lugo+Enrich%2C+Luis+Ben%C3%ADtez&rft.au=S%C3%A1nchez%2C+Mar%C3%ADa+Benito&rft.au=Agust%C3%AD%2C+Bibiana&rft.au=Codina%2C+Ferran&rft.au=de+Prado%2C+Gabriel&rft.au=Estalrrich%2C+Almudena&rft.au=Flores%2C+%C3%81lvaro+Fern%C3%A1ndez&rft.au=Finlayson%2C+Clive&rft.au=Finlayson%2C+Geraldine&rft.au=Finlayson%2C+Stewart&rft.au=Giles-Guzm%C3%A1n%2C+Francisco&rft.au=Rosas%2C+Antonio&rft.au=Gonz%C3%A1lez%2C+Virginia+Barciela&rft.au=Ati%C3%A9nzar%2C+Gabriel+Garc%C3%ADa&rft.au=Hern%C3%A1ndez+P%C3%A9rez%2C+Mauro+S.&rft.au=Llanos%2C+Armando&rft.au=Marco%2C+Yolanda+Carri%C3%B3n&rft.au=Beneyto%2C+Isabel+Collado&rft.au=L%C3%B3pez-Serrano%2C+David&rft.au=Tormo%2C+Mario+Sanz&rft.au=Valera%2C+Ant%C3%B3nio+C.&rft.au=Blasco%2C+Concepci%C3%B3n&rft.au=Liesau%2C+Corina&rft.au=R%C3%ADos%2C+Patricia&rft.au=Daura%2C+Joan&rft.au=de+Pedro+Mich%C3%B3%2C+Mar%C3%ADa+Jes%C3%BAs&rft.au=Diez-Castillo%2C+Agust%C3%ADn+A.&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez%2C+Ra%C3%BAl+Flores&rft.au=Farr%C3%A9%2C+Joan+Franc%C3%A8s&rft.au=Garrido-Pena%2C+Rafael&rft.au=Gon%C3%A7alves%2C+Victor+S.&rft.au=Guerra-Doce%2C+Elisa&rft.au=Herrero-Corral%2C+Ana+Mercedes&rft.au=Juan-Cabanilles%2C+Joaquim&rft.au=L%C3%B3pez-Reyes%2C+Daniel&rft.au=McClure%2C+Sarah+B.&rft.au=P%C3%A9rez%2C+Marta+Merino&rft.au=Foix%2C+Arturo+Oliver&rft.au=Borr%C3%A0s%2C+Montserrat+Sanz&rft.au=Sousa%2C+Ana+Catarina&rft.au=Encinas%2C+Julio+Manuel+Vidal&rft.au=Kennett%2C+Douglas+J.&rft.au=Richards%2C+Martin+B.&rft.au=Alt%2C+Kurt+Werner&rft.au=Haak%2C+Wolfgang&rft.au=Pinhasi%2C+Ron&rft.au=Lalueza-Fox%2C+Carles&rft.au=Reich%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6436108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Les Wisigoths dans le Portugal médiéval: état actuel de la question". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.openedition.org/cvz/2148?lang=en">L'Europe héritière de l'Espagne wisigothique</a>. 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Gisbert; Brion, Maria; Carracedo, Angel; Lavinha, João; Martínez-Jarreta, Begoña; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Picornell, Antònia; Ramon, Misericordia; Skorecki, Karl; Behar, Doron M.; Calafell, Francesc; Jobling, Mark A. (12 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2668061">"The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula"</a>. 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BBC Mundo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612230501/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/science/newsid_7804000/7804668.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Mundo&rft.atitle=El+espa%C3%B1ol+%22puro%22+tiene+de+todo&rft.date=2008-12-31&rft.aulast=Torres&rft.aufirst=Gabriela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fhi%2Fspanish%2Fscience%2Fnewsid_7804000%2F7804668.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Cervantes virtual: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/la-invasin-rabe-los-rabes-y-el-elemento-rabe-en-espaol-0/html/00b64db8-82b2-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_2.html">La invasión árabe. Los árabes y el elemento árabe en español</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170827050727/http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/la-invasin-rabe-los-rabes-y-el-elemento-rabe-en-espaol-0/html/00b64db8-82b2-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_2.html">Archived</a> 27 August 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamsBoschBalaresqueBallereau2008" class="citation journal cs1">Adams SM, Bosch E, Balaresque PL, Ballereau SJ, Lee AC, Arroyo E, López-Parra AM, Aler M, Grifo MS, Brion M, Carracedo A, Lavinha J, Martínez-Jarreta B, Quintana-Murci L, Picornell A, Ramon M, Skorecki K, Behar DM, Calafell F, Jobling MA (December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2668061">"The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula"</a>. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 83 (6): 725–736. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajhg.2008.11.007">10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2668061">2668061</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19061982">19061982</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=The+Genetic+Legacy+of+Religious+Diversity+and+Intolerance%3A+Paternal+Lineages+of+Christians%2C+Jews%2C+and+Muslims+in+the+Iberian+Peninsula&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=725-736&rft.date=2008-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2668061%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19061982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ajhg.2008.11.007&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Susan+M.&rft.au=Bosch%2C+Elena&rft.au=Balaresque%2C+Patricia+L.&rft.au=Ballereau%2C+St%C3%A9phane+J.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Andrew+C.&rft.au=Arroyo%2C+Eduardo&rft.au=L%C3%B3pez-Parra%2C+Ana+M.&rft.au=Aler%2C+Mercedes&rft.au=Grifo%2C+Marina+S.+Gisbert&rft.au=Brion%2C+Maria&rft.au=Carracedo%2C+Angel&rft.au=Lavinha%2C+Jo%C3%A3o&rft.au=Mart%C3%ADnez-Jarreta%2C+Bego%C3%B1a&rft.au=Quintana-Murci%2C+Lluis&rft.au=Picornell%2C+Ant%C3%B2nia&rft.au=Ramon%2C+Misericordia&rft.au=Skorecki%2C+Karl&rft.au=Behar%2C+Doron+M.&rft.au=Calafell%2C+Francesc&rft.au=Jobling%2C+Mark+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2668061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diagnostico_Social_de_la_Comunidad_Gitana_en_Espana_-_CIS-73"><a href="#cite_ref-Diagnostico_Social_de_la_Comunidad_Gitana_en_Espana_-_CIS_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010161106/http://www.msc.es/ssi/familiasInfancia/inclusionSocial/poblacionGitana/docs/diagnosticosocial_autores.pdf">"Diagnóstico social de la comunidad gitana en España"</a> (PDF). msc.es. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msc.es/ssi/familiasInfancia/inclusionSocial/poblacionGitana/docs/diagnosticosocial_autores.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 16 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=msc.es&rft.atitle=Diagn%C3%B3stico+social+de+la+comunidad+gitana+en+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msc.es%2Fssi%2FfamiliasInfancia%2FinclusionSocial%2FpoblacionGitana%2Fdocs%2Fdiagnosticosocial_autores.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081006223656/https://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_21/b4035066.htm">"Spain: Immigrants Welcome"</a>. Businessweek.com. 20 May 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_21/b4035066.htm">the original</a> on 6 October 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spain%3A+Immigrants+Welcome&rft.pub=Businessweek.com&rft.date=2007-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fmagazine%2Fcontent%2F07_21%2Fb4035066.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080726044741/http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/anuario06/anu06_02demog.pdf">"National Institute of Statistics: Advance Municipal Register to January 1, 2006. provisional data"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/anuario06/anu06_02demog.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 July 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Institute+of+Statistics%3A+Advance+Municipal+Register+to+January+1%2C+2006.+provisional+data&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.es%2Fprodyser%2Fpubweb%2Fanuario06%2Fanu06_02demog.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTremlett2006" class="citation news cs1">Tremlett, Giles (26 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/spain/article/0,,1830838,00.html">"Spain attracts record levels of immigrants seeking jobs and sun"</a>. The Guardian. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200404184450/https://www.theguardian.com/spain/article/0,,1830838,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Spain+attracts+record+levels+of+immigrants+seeking+jobs+and+sun&rft.date=2006-07-26&rft.aulast=Tremlett&rft.aufirst=Giles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fspain%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C1830838%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_77-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/spain/">"CIA – The World Factbook – Spain"</a>. Cia.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210927024323/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/spain/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CIA+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook+%E2%80%93+Spain&rft.pub=Cia.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fspain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teachmideast.org/articles/arabic-contributions-to-the-spanish-language-and-culture/">"Arabic Contributions to the Spanish Language and Culture"</a>. Teachmideast.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122175958/https://teachmideast.org/articles/arabic-contributions-to-the-spanish-language-and-culture/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Teachmideast.org&rft.atitle=Arabic+Contributions+to+the+Spanish+Language+and+Culture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteachmideast.org%2Farticles%2Farabic-contributions-to-the-spanish-language-and-culture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linguistics.byu.edu/classes/ling450ch/reports/spanish.html">"The History of the Spanish Language"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150426201949/http://linguistics.byu.edu/classes/ling450ch/reports/spanish.html">Archived</a> 26 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - The importance of this influence can be seen in words such as admiral (almirante), algebra, alchemy and alcohol, to note just a few obvious examples, which entered other European languages, like French, English, German, from Arabic via medieval Spanish. Modern Spanish has <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anthro.palomar.edu/language/language_1.htm">around 100,000 words</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726183602/http://anthro.palomar.edu/language/language_1.htm">Archived</a> 26 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFennig2016" class="citation book cs1">Fennig, Charles D., ed. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/cbk">Ethnologue: Languages of the World</a> (Nineteenth ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202034904/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/cbk">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World&rft.place=Dallas%2C+Texas&rft.edition=Nineteenth&rft.pub=SIL+International&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fcbk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The National Catholic Almanac. St. Anthony's Guild. 1956.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+National+Catholic+Almanac&rft.pub=St.+Anthony%27s+Guild&rft.date=1956&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGannonPillai2015" class="citation book cs1">Gannon, Martin J.; Pillai, Rajnandini (2015). Understanding Global Cultures: Metaphorical Journeys Through 34 Nations, Clusters of Nations, Continents, and Diversity. SAGE Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781483340067" title="Special:BookSources/9781483340067"><bdi>9781483340067</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Global+Cultures%3A+Metaphorical+Journeys+Through+34+Nations%2C+Clusters+of+Nations%2C+Continents%2C+and+Diversity&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781483340067&rft.aulast=Gannon&rft.aufirst=Martin+J.&rft.au=Pillai%2C+Rajnandini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Source:_Gen-83"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Source:_Gen_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzucsLuebking2006" class="citation book cs1">Szucs, Loretto Dennis; Luebking, Sandra Hargreaves (1 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sourceguidebooko00lore">The Source: A Guidebook to American Genealogy</a>. Ancestry Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sourceguidebooko00lore/page/361">361</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781593312770" title="Special:BookSources/9781593312770"><bdi>9781593312770</bdi></a> – via Internet Archive. <q>English US census 1790.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Source%3A+A+Guidebook+to+American+Genealogy&rft.pages=361&rft.pub=Ancestry+Publishing&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.isbn=9781593312770&rft.aulast=Szucs&rft.aufirst=Loretto+Dennis&rft.au=Luebking%2C+Sandra+Hargreaves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsourceguidebooko00lore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Más de 15 millones de brasileños son descendientes directos de españoles. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207224431/http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cde/demsem/loveman-muniz.pdf">"Puerto Rico's History on race"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cde/demsem/loveman-muniz.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Puerto+Rico%27s+History+on+race&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssc.wisc.edu%2Fcde%2Fdemsem%2Floveman-muniz.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-page_6,_Puerto_Rican_ancestry-86"><a href="#cite_ref-page_6,_Puerto_Rican_ancestry_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20041204015245/http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf">"Puerto Rican ancestry"</a> (PDF). p. 6. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 December 2004. Retrieved 24 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Puerto+Rican+ancestry&rft.pages=6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2F2004pubs%2Fc2kbr-35.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PRID-87"><a href="#cite_ref-PRID_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://names.mongabay.com/ancestry/Puerto_Rico.html">"Puerto Rican identity"</a>. Names.mongabay.com. 3 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031071732/http://names.mongabay.com/ancestry/Puerto_Rico.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Puerto+Rican+identity&rft.pub=Names.mongabay.com&rft.date=2013-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnames.mongabay.com%2Fancestry%2FPuerto_Rico.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cen2006-88"><a href="#cite_ref-cen2006_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000">"Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables (2006 Census)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200410144105/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnocultural+Portrait+of+Canada+Highlight+Tables+%282006+Census%29&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fenglish%2Fcensus06%2Fdata%2Fhighlights%2Fethnic%2Fpages%2FPage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo%3DPR%26Code%3D01%26Data%3DCount%26Table%3D2%26StartRec%3D1%26Sort%3D3%26Display%3DAll%26CSDFilter%3D5000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-censusdata.abs.gov.au-89"><a href="#cite_ref-censusdata.abs.gov.au_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatistics" class="citation web cs1">Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?action=404&documentproductno=0&documenttype=Details&order=1&tabname=Details&areacode=0&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=POLTD&&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Ancestry%20(Region)%20by%20Country%20of%20Birth%20of%20Parents&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&topic=Ancestry&%5D">"Redirect to Census data page"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701124647/https://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/cowsredirect">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Redirect+to+Census+data+page&rft.aulast=Statistics&rft.aufirst=c%3DAU%3B+o%3DCommonwealth+of+Australia%3B+ou%3DAustralian+Bureau+of&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2FABSNavigation%2Fprenav%2FViewData%3Faction%3D404%26documentproductno%3D0%26documenttype%3DDetails%26order%3D1%26tabname%3DDetails%26areacode%3D0%26issue%3D2006%26producttype%3DCensus%2520Tables%26javascript%3Dtrue%26textversion%3Dfalse%26navmapdisplayed%3Dtrue%26breadcrumb%3DPOLTD%26%26collection%3DCensus%26period%3D2006%26productlabel%3DAncestry%2520%28Region%29%2520by%2520Country%2520of%2520Birth%2520of%2520Parents%26producttype%3DCensus%2520Tables%26method%3DPlace%2520of%2520Usual%2520Residence%26topic%3DAncestry%26%255D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <ul><li>Castro, Americo. Willard F. King and Selma Margaretten, trans. The Spaniards: An Introduction to Their History. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-04177-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-04177-1">0-520-04177-1</a>.</li> <li>Chapman, Robert. Emerging Complexity: The Later Pre-History of South-East Spain, Iberia, and the West Mediterranean. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-23207-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-23207-4">0-521-23207-4</a>.</li> <li>Goodwin, Godfrey. Islamic Spain. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87701-692-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87701-692-5">0-87701-692-5</a>.</li> <li>Harrison, Richard. Spain at the Dawn of History: Iberians, Phoenicians, and Greeks. New York: Thames & Hudson, 1988. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-02111-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-02111-2">0-500-02111-2</a>.</li> <li>James, Edward (ed.). Visigothic Spain: New Approaches. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-822543-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-822543-1">0-19-822543-1</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJónsson2007" class="citation journal cs1">Jónsson, Már (2007). "The expulsion of the Moriscos from Spain in 1609–1614: the destruction of an Islamic periphery". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Global_History" title="Journal of Global History">Journal of Global History</a>. 2 (2): 195–212. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1740022807002252">10.1017/S1740022807002252</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154793596">154793596</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Global+History&rft.atitle=The+expulsion+of+the+Moriscos+from+Spain+in+1609%E2%80%931614%3A+the+destruction+of+an+Islamic+periphery&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=195-212&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1740022807002252&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154793596%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=J%C3%B3nsson&rft.aufirst=M%C3%A1r&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpaniards" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Thomas, Hugh. The Slave Trade: The History of the Atlantic Slave Trade 1440–1870. London: Picador, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-330-35437-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-330-35437-X">0-330-35437-X</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aav4040">The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years</a> (Science, 15 March 2019, Vol. 363, Issue 6432, pp. 1230-1234)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_of_Spain" title="Template:Ethnic groups of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Spain">Ethnic groups in Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spaniards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusians" title="Andalusians">Andalusians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_people" title="Aragonese people">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturians" title="Asturians">Asturians</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Vaqueiros_de_alzada" title="Vaqueiros de alzada">Vaqueiros de alzada</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islanders" title="Canary Islanders">Canary Islanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_people" title="Cantabrian people">Cantabrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilians" title="Castilians">Castilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremadurans" title="Extremadurans">Extremadurans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonese_people" title="Leonese people">Leonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basques" title="Basques">Basques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalans" title="Catalans">Catalans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Balearic people">Balearics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencians" title="Valencians">Valencians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galicians" title="Galicians">Galicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic and related minorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gitanos" title="Gitanos">Gypsies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iberian_Kale" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian Kale">Iberian Kale</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardim">Sephardim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_and_Portuguese_Jews" title="Spanish and Portuguese Jews">Western Sephardim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xueta" title="Xueta">Xuetas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleño">Isleños</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrants and expatriates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigration_to_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration_to_Spain" title="Template:Immigration to Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration_to_Spain" title="Template talk:Immigration to Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration_to_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration to Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigration_to_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Spain" title="Immigration to Spain">Immigration to Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afro-Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Spanish">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazigh" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazigh">Amazigh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerians_in_Spain" title="Algerians in Spain">Algerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccans_in_Spain" title="Moroccans in Spain">Moroccans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawis_in_Spain" title="Sahrawis in Spain">Sahrawis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Spanish" title="Cape Verdean Spanish">Cape Verdeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinean_immigration_to_Spain" title="Equatorial Guinean immigration to Spain">Equatorial Guineans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas (<a href="/wiki/Latin_American_migration_to_Spain" title="Latin American migration to Spain">Latin American</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentines_in_Spain" title="Argentines in Spain">Argentines</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_boliviana_en_Espa%C3%B1a" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración boliviana en España">Bolivians</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_chilena_en_Espa%C3%B1a" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración chilena en España">Chileans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombians_in_Spain" title="Colombians in Spain">Colombians</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_cubana_en_Espa%C3%B1a" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración cubana en España">Cubans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominicans_in_Spain" title="Dominicans in Spain">Dominicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorians_in_Spain" title="Ecuadorians in Spain">Ecuadorians</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_hondure%C3%B1a_en_Espa%C3%B1a" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración hondureña en España">Hondurans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_immigration_to_Spain" title="Mexican immigration to Spain">Mexicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayans_in_Spain" title="Paraguayans in Spain">Paraguayans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvians_in_Spain" title="Peruvians in Spain">Peruvians</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_salvadore%C3%B1a_en_Espa%C3%B1a" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración salvadoreña en España">Salvadorans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayans_in_Spain" title="Uruguayans in Spain">Uruguayans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelans_in_Spain" title="Venezuelans in Spain">Venezuelans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Spain" title="Arabs in Spain">Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people_in_Spain" title="Lebanese people in Spain">Lebanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Spain" title="Armenians in Spain">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Spain" title="Chinese people in Spain">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_people_of_Filipino_ancestry" title="Spanish people of Filipino ancestry">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgians_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgians in Spain">Georgians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Spain" title="Indians in Spain">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_Spain" title="Iranians in Spain">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_Spain" title="Japanese people in Spain">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Spain" title="Koreans in Spain">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Spain" title="Pakistanis in Spain">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Spain" title="Turks in Spain">Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Spain" title="Albanians in Spain">Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_immigration_in_Spain" title="British immigration in Spain">British immigration in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Spain" title="Bulgarians in Spain">Bulgarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanians_in_Spain" title="Romanians in Spain">Romanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Spain" title="Russians in Spain">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbs_in_Spain" title="Serbs in Spain">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Spain" title="Italians in Spain">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Spain" title="Poles in Spain">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainians in Spain">Ukrainians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Spain" title="Demographics of Spain">Demographics of Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula">Genetic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Spain" title="Immigration to Spain">Immigration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160894#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160894#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119363749">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00576057">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph173226&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph1114110&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007563202805171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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