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metropolis</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: ibadan metropolis"> <meta name="keywords" content="ibadan metropolis"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="ibadan metropolis"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 246</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: ibadan metropolis</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">246</span> The Impact of Leadership Style and Sense of Competence on the Performance of Post-Primary School Teachers in Oyo State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babajide%20S.%20Adeokin">Babajide S. Adeokin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oguntoyinbo%20O.%20Kazeem"> Oguntoyinbo O. Kazeem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The not so pleasing state of the nation's quality of education has been a major area of research. Many researchers have looked into various aspects of the educational system and organizational structure in relation to the quality of service delivery of the staff members. However, there is paucity of research in areas relating to the sense of competence and commitment in relation to leadership styles. Against this backdrop, this study investigated the impact of leadership style and sense of competence on the performance of post-primary school teachers in Oyo state Nigeria. Data were generated across public secondary schools in the city using survey design method. Ibadan as a metropolis has eleven local government areas contained in it. A systematic random sampling technique of the eleven local government areas in Ibadan was done and five local government areas were selected. The selected local government areas are Akinyele, Ibadan North, Ibadan North-East, Ibadan South and Ibadan South-West. Data were obtained from a range of two – three public secondary schools selected in each of the local government areas mentioned above. Also, these secondary schools are a representation of the variations in the constructs under consideration across the Ibadan metropolis. Categorically, all secondary school teachers in Ibadan were clustered into selected schools in those found across the five local government areas. In all, a total of 272 questionnaires were administered to public secondary school teachers, while 241 were returned. Findings revealed that transformational leadership style makes room for job commitment when compared with transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles. Teachers with a high sense of competence are more likely to demonstrate more commitment to their job than others with low sense of competence. We recommend that, it is important an assessment is made of the leadership styles employed by principals and school administrators. This guides administrators and principals in to having a clear, comprehensive knowledge of the style they currently adopt in the management of the staff and the school as a whole; and know where to begin the adjustment process from. Also to make an impact on student achievement, being attentive to teachers’ levels of commitment may be an important aspect of leadership for school principals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibadan" title="Ibadan">Ibadan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership%20style" title=" leadership style"> leadership style</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sense%20of%20competence" title=" sense of competence"> sense of competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers" title=" teachers"> teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20secondary%20schools" title=" public secondary schools"> public secondary schools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79290/the-impact-of-leadership-style-and-sense-of-competence-on-the-performance-of-post-primary-school-teachers-in-oyo-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79290.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">245</span> ‘It Is a Class Thing’: Socio-Economic Factors Sustaining Illicit Trading in New Naira Notes in Ibadan, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20C.%20Amaechi">Frank C. Amaechi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeyinka%20A.%20Aderinto"> Adeyinka A. Aderinto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20A.%20Ojedokun"> Usman A. Ojedokun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oludayo%20Tade"> Oludayo Tade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Illicit trading in new naira notes has become a common practice in most communities in Nigeria despite the Central Bank Act’s in 2007 proscription of all forms of naira abuse. This study investigated the socio-economic factors sustaining illicit trading in new naira notes in Ibadan metropolis. The study was exploratory and cross-sectional in design. Neutralization theory was adopted as theoretical framework. Data were generated through the combination of in-depth interview and key informant interview methods. The purposive sampling technique was utilised to select five illicit traders of new naira notes, 32 patrons of the trade and six bank officials. Findings revealed that illicit trading in Nigeria’s national currency is flourishing because of the frequent demand for new naira notes that are not readily available in Nigerian banks. Also, the norm of cash spraying at social events is sustaining the illicit markets for new naira notes in Ibadan metropolis. In addition, a chain of network, comprising three principal actors, is behind the illegal business. A strict enforcement of the law banning cash spraying is advocated as a means of arresting this phenomenon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illicit%20trading" title="illicit trading">illicit trading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=naira%20notes" title=" naira notes"> naira notes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20currency" title=" national currency"> national currency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70013/it-is-a-class-thing-socio-economic-factors-sustaining-illicit-trading-in-new-naira-notes-in-ibadan-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">244</span> A Comparative Study of the Use of Medicinal Plants and Conventional Medicine for the Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus in Ibadan Metropolis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julius%20Adebayo%20John">Julius Adebayo John</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to compare the use of medicinal plants and Conventional medicine intervention in the management of HBV among Ibadan populace. A purposive sampling technique was used to administer questionnaires at 2 places, namely, the University College Hospital and Total Healthcare Diagnostic Centre, Ibadan, where viral loads are carried out. A EuroQol (EQ – 5D) was adopted to collect data. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. Also, ANOVA, Correlation, charts, and tables were used. Findings revealed a high prevalence of HBV among female respondents and sample between ages 26years to 50years. Results showed that the majority discovered their health status through free HBV tests. Analysis indicated that the use of medicinal plant extract is cost-effective in 73% of cases. Rank order utility derived from medicinal plants is higher than other interventions. Correlation analysis performed for the current health status of respondents were significant at P<0.01 against the intervention management adopted (0.046), cost of treatment (0.549), utility (0.407) at P<0.00, duration of the treatment (0.604) at P<0.01; viral load before treatment (-0.142) not significant at P<0.01, the R2 (72.2%) showed the statistical variance in respondents current health status as explained by the independent variables. Respondents gained quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of between 1year to 3years. Suggestions were made for a public-private partnership effort against HBV with emphasis on periodic screening, viral load test subsidy, and free vaccination of people with –HBV status. Promoting phytomedicine through intensive research with strong regulation of herbal practitioners will go a long way in alleviating the burdens of the disease in society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plant" title="medicinal plant">medicinal plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HBV%20management%20interventions" title=" HBV management interventions"> HBV management interventions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utility" title=" utility"> utility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QALYs" title=" QALYs"> QALYs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ibadan%20metropolis" title=" ibadan metropolis"> ibadan metropolis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145437/a-comparative-study-of-the-use-of-medicinal-plants-and-conventional-medicine-for-the-treatment-of-hepatitis-b-virus-in-ibadan-metropolis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">243</span> Sports Preferente Intervention as a Predictor of Sustainable Participation at Risk Teenagers in Ibadan Metropolis, Ibadan Nigerian</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20Olajide%20Ibikunle">Felix Olajide Ibikunle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introductory Statement: Sustainable participation of teenagers in sport requires deliberate and concerted plan and managerial policy rooted in the “philosophy of catch them young”. At risk, teenagers need proper integration into societal aspiration: This direction will go a long way to streamline them into the security breach and attractive nuisance free lifestyles. Basic Methodology: The population consists of children within 13-19 years old. A proportionate sampling size technique of 60% was adopted to select seven zones out of 11 geo-political zones in the Ibadan metropolis. Qualitative information and interview were used to collect needed information. Majority of the teenagers were out of school, street hawkers, motor pack, touts, and unserious vocation apprentices. These groups have the potentials of security breaches in the metropolis and beyond. Five hundred and thirty-four (534) respondents were used for the study. They were drawn from Ojoo, Akingbile, and Moniya axis = 72, Agbowo, Ajibode, and Apete axis = 74; Akobo, Basorun, and Idi-ape axis 79; Wofun, Monatan, and Iyana-Church axis = 78; Molete, Oke-ado and Oke-Bola axis = 75; Beere, Odinjo, Elekuro axis = 77; Eleyele, Ologuneru, and Alesinloye axis = 79. Major Findings: Multiple regression was used to analyze the independent variables and percentage. The respondents average age was 15.6 years old, and with 100% male. The instrument(questionnaire) used yielded; sport preference (r = 0.72); intervention (r = 0.68) and the sustainable participation (r = 0.70).The relative contributions of sport preference on participation of at risk teenagers was (F-ratio = 1.067); Intervention contribution of sport on participation of at risk teenagers = produced (F-ratio of 12.095) was significant while sustainable participation of at risk teenager produced (F-ratio = 1.062) was significant. Closing Statement: The respondents’ sport preference stimulated their participation in sport. The intervention exposed at risk-teenagers to coaching, which activated their interest and participation in sport. While sustainable participation contributed positively to evolve at risk teenagers participation in their preferred sport. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport" title="sport">sport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preference" title=" preference"> preference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intervention" title=" intervention"> intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teenagers" title=" teenagers"> teenagers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable" title=" sustainable"> sustainable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation%20and%20risk%20teenagers" title=" participation and risk teenagers"> participation and risk teenagers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156049/sports-preferente-intervention-as-a-predictor-of-sustainable-participation-at-risk-teenagers-in-ibadan-metropolis-ibadan-nigerian" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">242</span> Sports Preference Intervention as a Predictor of Sustainable Participation at Risk Teenagers in Ibadan Metropolis, Ibadan Nigerian</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20Olajide%20Ibikunle">Felix Olajide Ibikunle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introductory Statement: Sustainable participation of teenagers in sports requires deliberate and concerted plans and managerial policy rooted in the “philosophy of catch them young.” At risk, teenagers need proper integration into societal aspiration: This direction will go a long way to streamline them into security breaches and attractive nuisance free lifestyles. Basic Methodology: The population consists of children between 13-19 years old. A proportionate sampling size technique of 60% was adopted to select seven zones out of 11 geo-political zones in the Ibadan metropolis. Qualitative information and interview were used to collect needed information. The majority of the teenagers were out of school, street hawkers, motor pack touts and unserious vocation apprentices. These groups have the potential for security breaches in the metropolis and beyond. Five hundred and thirty-four (534) respondents were used for the study. They were drawn from Ojoo, Akingbile and Moniya axis = 72; Agbowo, Ajibode and Apete axis = 74; Akobo, Basorun and Idi-ape axis 79; Wofun, Monatan and Iyana-Church axis = 78; Molete, Oke-ado and Oke-Bola axis = 75; Beere, Odinjo, Elekuro axis = 77; Eleyele, Ologuneru and Alesinloye axis = 79. Major Findings: Multiple regression was used to analyze the independent variables and percentages. The respondents' average age was 15.6 years old, and 100% were male. The instrument (questionnaire) used yielded; sport preference (r = 0.72), intervention (r = 0.68), and sustainable participation (r = 0.70). The relative contributions of sport preference on the participation of at risk teenagers was (F-ratio = 1.067); Intervention contribution of sport on the participation of at risk teenagers = produced (F-ratio of 12.095) was significant while, sustainable participation of at risk teenagers produced (F-ratio = 1.062) was significant. Closing Statement: The respondents’ sport preference stimulated their participation in sports. The intervention exposed at risk-teenagers to coaching, which activated their interest and participation in sports. At the same time, sustainable participation contributed positively to evolving at risk teenagers' participation in their preferred sport. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport" title="sport">sport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preference" title=" preference"> preference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intervention" title=" intervention"> intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teenagers" title=" teenagers"> teenagers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable" title=" sustainable"> sustainable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation%20and%20risk%20teenagers" title=" participation and risk teenagers"> participation and risk teenagers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164983/sports-preference-intervention-as-a-predictor-of-sustainable-participation-at-risk-teenagers-in-ibadan-metropolis-ibadan-nigerian" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">241</span> Street Begging and Its Psychosocial Social Effects in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temitope%20M.%20Ojo">Temitope M. Ojo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Titilayo%20A.%20Benson"> Titilayo A. Benson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated street begging and its psychosocial effect in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. In carrying out this study, four research questions were used. The instrument used for data collection was a face-to-face and self-developed questionnaire. The results revealed there is high awareness level on the causes of street begging among the respondents, who also mentioned several factors contributing to street begging. However, respondents disagreed that lack of education is a factor contributing to street begging in Nigeria. The psycho-social effects of street begging, as identified by the respondents, are development of inferiority complex, lack of social interaction, loss of self-respect and dignity, increased mindset of poverty and loss of self-confident. Solution to street begging as identified by the respondents also includes provision of rehabilitation centers, provision of food for students in Islamic schools and monthly survival allowance. Specific policies and other legislative frameworks are needed in terms of age, sex, disability, and family-related issues, to effectively address the begging problem. Therefore, it is recommended that policy planners must adopt multi-faceted, multi-targeted, and multi-tiered approaches if they are to have any impact on the lives of street beggars in all four categories. In this regard, both preventative and responsive interventions are needed instead of rehabilitative solutions for each category of street beggars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beggars" title="beggars">beggars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=begging" title=" begging"> begging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psycho-social%20effect" title=" psycho-social effect"> psycho-social effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respondents" title=" respondents"> respondents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20begging" title=" street begging"> street begging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78265/street-begging-and-its-psychosocial-social-effects-in-ibadan-metropolis-oyo-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">240</span> Modeling a Sustainable City in the Twenty-First Century: A Case Study of Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20J.%20Jegede">K. J. Jegede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20O.%20Odekunle"> O. O. Odekunle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The challenges facing government at all levels in the area of urban development are two folds, first is how to provide basic services for urban dwellers especially the urban poor and second, how to make cities and towns as model of good places for economic development. The key ingredients and catalysts for achieving these goals are strong and virile institutional capacity, urban infrastructure and a supportive urban policy framework. The government at all levels have been upgrading and expanding city infrastructure and services in Ibadan, the state capital to support sustainable economic development of the city, particularly in the areas of electricity, neighbourhood, solid waste management, transport, water supply, education, health facilities and markets developments to discourage street trading. This paper attempts to present Ibadan in the millennium as 'a model of a sustainable city'. A planned development strategy that had sustained the growth of the city from a war camp in the 19th century to a cosmopolitan city in the 21st century with the potential to become a megacity. The presentation examines, among others, the physical structure and population density of Ibadan city, the challenges of economic development, the development of urban infrastructure and services in Ibadan metropolitan area. The paper submitted by mapping out a strategy to achieve sustainable development of Ibadan city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=megacity" title="megacity">megacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20structure" title=" physical structure"> physical structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20city" title=" sustainable city"> sustainable city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20infrastructure" title=" urban infrastructure"> urban infrastructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69407/modeling-a-sustainable-city-in-the-twenty-first-century-a-case-study-of-ibadan-oyo-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">239</span> Effect of Two Transactional Instructional Strategies on Primary School Pupils’ Achievement in English Language Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eniola%20Akande">Eniola Akande</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: English vocabulary and reading comprehension are core to academic achievement in many school subjects. Deficiency in both accounts for dismal performance in internal and external examinations among primary school pupils in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Previous studies largely focused on factors influencing pupils’ achievement in English vocabulary and reading comprehension. In spite of what literature has shown, the problem still persists, implying the need for other kinds of intervention. This study was therefore carried out to determine the effect of two transactional strategies Picture Walk (PW) and Know-Want to Learn-Learnt (KWL) on primary four pupils’ achievement in English vocabulary and reading comprehension in Ibadan Metropolis. The moderating effects of gender and learning style were also examined. Methodology: The study was anchored on Rosenblatt’s Transactional Reading and Piaget’s Cognitive Development theories; pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design with 3x2x3 factorial matrix was adopted. Six public primary schools were purposively selected based on the availability of qualified English language teachers in Primary Education Studies. Six intact classes (one per school) with a total of 101 primary four pupils (48 males and 53 females) participated. The intact classes were randomly assigned to PW (27), KWL (44) and conventional (30) groups. Instruments used were English Vocabulary (r=0.83), Reading Comprehension (r=0.84) achievement tests, Pupils’ Learning Style Preference Scale (r=0.93) and instructional guides. Treatment lasted six weeks. Data were analysed using the Descriptive statistics, Analysis of Covariance and Bonferroni post-hoc test at 0.05 level of significance. The mean age was 8.86±0.84 years. Result: Treatment had a significant main effect on pupils’ reading comprehension (F(2,82)=3.17), but not on English vocabulary. Participants in KWL obtained the highest post achievement means score in reading comprehension (8.93), followed by PW (8.06) and control (7.21) groups. Pupils’ learning style had a significant main effect on pupils’ achievement in reading comprehension (F(2,82)=4.41), but not on English vocabulary. Pupils with preference for tactile learning style had the highest post achievement mean score in reading comprehension (9.40), followed by the auditory (7.43) and the visual learning style (7.37) groups. Gender had no significant main effect on English vocabulary and reading comprehension. There was no significant two-way interaction effect of treatment and gender on pupils’ achievement in English vocabulary and reading comprehension. The two-way interaction effect of treatment and learning style on pupils’ achievement in reading comprehension was significant (F(4,82)=3.37), in favour of pupils with tactile learning style in PW group. There was no significant two-way interaction effect of gender and learning style on pupils’ achievement in English vocabulary and reading comprehension. The three-way interaction effects were not significant on English vocabulary and reading comprehension. Conclusion: Picture Walk and Know-Want to learn-Learnt instructional strategies were effective in enhancing pupils’ achievement in reading comprehension but not on English vocabulary. Learning style contributed considerably to achievement in reading comprehension but not to English vocabulary. Primary school, English language teachers, should put into consideration pupils’ learning style when adopting both strategies in teaching reading comprehension for improved achievement in the subject. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comprehension-based%20intervention" title="comprehension-based intervention">comprehension-based intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=know-want%20to%20learn-learnt" title=" know-want to learn-learnt"> know-want to learn-learnt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20style" title=" learning style"> learning style</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=picture%20walk" title=" picture walk"> picture walk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20school%20pupils" title=" primary school pupils"> primary school pupils</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121849/effect-of-two-transactional-instructional-strategies-on-primary-school-pupils-achievement-in-english-language-vocabulary-and-reading-comprehension-in-ibadan-metropolis-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">238</span> Impact of Sociocultural Factors on Management and Utilization of Solid Waste in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olufunmilayo%20Folaranmi">Olufunmilayo Folaranmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research was carried out to examine the impact of socio-cultural factors on the management and utilization of solid waste in Ibadan Metropolis. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study while a systematic and stratified random sampling technique was used to select 300 respondents which were categorized into high, middle and low-density areas. Four hypothesis were tested using chi-square test on variables of unavailability of waste disposal facilities and waste management, negligence of contractors to liaise with community members, lack of adequate environmental education and waste management and utilization, low level of motivation of sanitation workers with solid wastes management, lack of community full participation with solid waste management and utilization. Results showed that significant effect of waste disposal facilities on solid waste management and utilization (X2 +16.6, P < .05). Also, there is a significant relationship between negligence of the contractors to liaise with community elites with improper disposal (X2 = 87.5, P < .05). The motivation of sanitation workers is significantly related to solid waste management (X2 = 70.4, P < .05). Adequate environmental education and awareness influenced solid waste management. There was also a significant relationship between lack of community participation with waste management disposal and improper waste disposal. Based on the findings from the study it was recommended that the quality of life in urban centers should be improved, social welfare of the populace enhanced and environment should be adequately attended to. Poverty alleviation programmes should be intensified and made to live beyond the life of a particular administration, micro-credit facilities should be available to community members to promote their welfare. Lastly, sustained environmental education programmes for citizens at all levels of education, formal and informal through the use of agencies like Ethical and Attitudinal Reorientation Commission (EARCOM) and the National Orientation Agency (NOA). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title="management">management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20welfare" title=" social welfare"> social welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-cultural%20factors" title=" socio-cultural factors"> socio-cultural factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20waste" title=" solid waste"> solid waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86024/impact-of-sociocultural-factors-on-management-and-utilization-of-solid-waste-in-ibadan-metropolis-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">230</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">237</span> The Study of Elders’ Needs in Bangkok Metropolis for the Options of Health Tourism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chantouch%20Wannathanom">Chantouch Wannathanom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research The study of elders’ needs in Bangkok metropolis for the options of health tourism. The objective is to study of elders’ needs in Bangkok Metropolis for the options of health tourism. The research her collected data using a questionnaire. The samples used in this research is elderly people living in the Dusit area. Of 400 people found the majority were female than male. Accounted for18 percent aged between 50-55 years, mostly undergraduate degree. Moreover, most seniors do not have underlying disease. The study found that 1. Elders’ needs in Bangkok Metropolis for the options of health tourism; 2. Tourism activity patterns that fit elderly was divided into 5 categories, including massage, massage, and herbal sauna. Practicing meditation and ascetic. The results showed that selection of elderly tourist activities by choosing healthy eating are the first. The hypothesis testing period: Elders’ needs in Bangkok Metropolis for the options of health tourism is different. The level of statistical significance .05 level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=needs" title="needs">needs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elder" title=" elder"> elder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20tourism" title=" health tourism"> health tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangkok" title=" Bangkok"> Bangkok</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17235/the-study-of-elders-needs-in-bangkok-metropolis-for-the-options-of-health-tourism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">236</span> A Qualitative Evidence of the Markedness of Code Switching during Commercial Bank Service Encounters in Ìbàdàn Metropolis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Robbin">A. Robbin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a multilingual setting like Nigeria, the success of service encounters is enhanced by the use of a language that ensures the linguistic and persuasive demands of the interlocutors. This study examined motivations for code switching as a negotiation strategy in bank-hall desk service encounters in Ìbàdàn metropolis using Myers-Scotton’s exploration on markedness in language use. The data consisted of transcribed audio recording of bank-hall service encounters, and direct observation of bank interactions in two purposively sampled commercial banks in Ìbàdàn metropolis. The data was subjected to descriptive linguistic analysis using Myers Scotton’s Markedness Model.  Findings reveal that code switching is frequently employed during different stages of service encounter: greeting, transaction and closing to fulfil relational, bargaining and referential functions. Bank staff and customers code switch to make unmarked, marked and explanatory choices. A strategy used to identify with customer’s cultural affiliation, close status gap, and appeal to begrudged customer; or as an explanatory choice with non-literate customers for ease of communication. Bankers select English to maintain customers’ perceptions of prestige which is retained or diverged from depending on their linguistic preference or ability.  Yoruba is seen as an efficient negotiation strategy with both bankers and their customers, making choices within conversation to achieve desired conversational and functional aims. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banking" title="banking">banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingualism" title=" bilingualism"> bilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code-switching" title=" code-switching"> code-switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=markedness" title=" markedness"> markedness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20encounter" title=" service encounter"> service encounter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91535/a-qualitative-evidence-of-the-markedness-of-code-switching-during-commercial-bank-service-encounters-in-ibadan-metropolis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">235</span> Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Status of Adolescents Attending Public Secondary Schools in Oyo State Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nimot%20Opeyemi%20Wahab">Nimot Opeyemi Wahab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Poor nutritional status during adolescence is a reflection of inadequate intake of nutrients. This can also be associated with a lack of consumption of diverse food. This study assessed the nutritional status and dietary diversity score (DDS) of in-school adolescents in Ibadan North, North East, and Ibadan South West Local Government Areas (LGA) of Oyo State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study involving 3,510 in-school adolescents from the three LGA was conducted. Nutrient intake was measured using a validated 24-hour dietary recall, and the anthropometric measurement was also taken. Dietary diversity score (DDS) was assessed using the Individual Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS) of nine food groups. Participants were between 10-19years, and the mean age was 14.76±1.68, 15.32±1.77, and 15.45±1.62 in Ibadan North, Ibadan North East, and Ibadan South West, respectively. About 48% of the participants were male (47.9%), while 52.1% were female. BMI-for-age showed that 92.1%, 5.4%, 2.1%, and 0.4% of the participants were normal, underweight, overweight, and obese, respectively. The mean energy intake (143.193±695.98) of the female respondents was more than that of the male respondents (1406.86±767.41). The macronutrients intake (protein, carbohydrates, fiber, and fats) of the female participants was also found to be more than that of the male participants, with a non-significant difference of 0.336, 0.530, 0.234, and 0.069 (at p< 0.05). Out of all the vitamin intake, only vitamin C was found to be statistically different (p=0.038) at p<0.05 between the male and female respondents. Of all the mineral intake, only phosphorus showed a higher intake (575.20±362.12) among female respondents than the male respondents. The mean DDS of all participants was 4.59±0.939. The majority of the participants, 1183 (80.9%), were within the medium DDS category, 9.9% were low, while 1.5% were in the high category: of which males were 474 (71.5%) and females were 709 (88.6%). Participants from Ibadan North were 941(88.5%), and those from South West were 242(60.5%). A non-significant difference in the mean score of participants from the two locations (p=0.467) was also found. A negative correlation exists between DDS and BMI-for age (-0.11), DDS, and energy intake (-0.46) in Ibadan North and South West LGA. The nutritional status of in-school adolescents was normal, and DDS was within the medium category. Nutrition intervention regarding the consumption of diverse food is necessary among adolescents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritional%20status" title="nutritional status">nutritional status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20diversity" title=" dietary diversity"> dietary diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title=" adolescents"> adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20intake" title=" nutrient intake"> nutrient intake</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164729/dietary-diversity-and-nutritional-status-of-adolescents-attending-public-secondary-schools-in-oyo-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164729.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">234</span> Urban Governance in Major Development Projects: Challenges, Issues and Constraints - Case of Constantine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chouabbia%20Khedidja">Chouabbia Khedidja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lazri%20Youcef"> Lazri Youcef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouhoubi%20Nedjima"> Mouhoubi Nedjima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In optics and in ambition to break into the ranks of international metropolis cities, Constantine, a regional metropolis of eastern Algeria, is facing multiple challenges shared between the response to the urban crisis plaguing the city and the creation of territorial attractiveness in the metropolisation process. This ambition cannot be achieve in conditions of poor governance and lack of cooperation especially between the actors involved in major development projects, these last qualified by change and hope carriers to make the city more attractive and pleasant. Thus, governance or good governance has become not only a necessity but also a challenge for the city of Constantine. Through this example of Constantine. We will analyze the challenges facing a metropolis amongst other urban governance and the constraints that affect the smooth running of major development projects when governance is missing or inoperative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20governance" title="urban governance">urban governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metropolis" title=" metropolis"> metropolis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20development%20project" title=" big development project"> big development project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actors" title=" actors"> actors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constantine" title=" constantine"> constantine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31286/urban-governance-in-major-development-projects-challenges-issues-and-constraints-case-of-constantine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">233</span> Attitudes of Secondary School Students towards Biology in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis, Kebbi State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20A.%20Libata">I. A. Libata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was carried out to determine the attitudes of Secondary School Students towards Biology in Birnin Kebbi metropolis. The population of the study is 2680 SS 2 Secondary School Students in Birnin Kebbi metropolis. Proportionate random sampling was used in selecting the samples. Oppinnionnaire was the only instrument used in the study. The instrument was subjected to test-retest reliability. The reliability index of the instrument was 0.69. Overall scores of the Students were analyzed and a mean score was determined, the mean score of students was 85. There were no significant differences between the attitudes of male and female students. The results also revealed that there was significant difference between the attitude of science and art students. The results also revealed that there was significant difference between the attitude of public and private school students. The study also reveals that majority of students in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis have positive attitudes towards biology. Based on the findings of this study, the researcher recommended that teachers should motivate students, which they can do through their teaching styles and by showing them the relevance of the learning topics to their everyday lives. Government and the school management should create the learning environment that helps motivate students not only to come to classes but also want to learn and enjoy learning Biology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudes" title="attitudes">attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students" title=" students"> students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Birnin-Kebbi" title=" Birnin-Kebbi"> Birnin-Kebbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metropolis" title=" metropolis"> metropolis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19224/attitudes-of-secondary-school-students-towards-biology-in-birnin-kebbi-metropolis-kebbi-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">232</span> Economic Impact of Ogbomoso Migrant Community in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria, 1940-2000</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afees%20Adebayo%20Salam">Afees Adebayo Salam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper attempts an in-depth analysis of the economic impact of Ogbomoso migrant community in the Jos metropolis. It discusses the factors that motivated a sizeable number of Ogbomoso people (from southwestern Nigeria) to leave their hometown for a new place/space in Jos (northern Nigeria). It examines the historical antecedent of Ogbomoso migrants in northern Nigeria with emphasis on Jos metropolis. The movement of Ogbomoso migrants to Jos was dictated by the economic and social challenges of colonial and post-colonial periods. The political crisis of the 1960s was a contributory factor to the process of Ogbomoso migration to other parts of Nigeria. In the aftermath, many people migrated from Ogbomoso to different parts of the country and beyond to seek for better economic opportunities. The establishment of Ogbomoso migrant community in Jos was dated back to the colonial era when taxation was introduced by the British. Many people could not pay these taxes from their peasant farming activities, while some embarked on migration to places such as Jos, Kaduna, Kano, Keffi and Bauchi due to the harsh economic situation at home. Their settlement in Jos brought about success in several spheres of human endeavours. Ogbomoso migrants dominated both paid jobs and private business sector such as textile merchants, food stuff sellers, herbalists, printers, transporters, and religious missionaries, as well as clerical officers in the government establishments. Their remittances were invested in different sectors of Ogbomoso economy. The migrants had in one way or the other contributed to the socio-economic development of their host community in Jos as entrepreneurs. Branches of such industries were located in their hometown of Ogbomoso as a clear demonstration of community development. The remittance pattern of the migrants has transformed Ogbomoso to enviable position. Moreover, the economic success of Ogbomoso migrants over the period under review indicates the process of nation building due to peaceful nature of inter-ethnic engagements between Ogbomoso migrants and their host community in Jos. Therefore, the paper makes use of oral, archival and secondary sources to analyse the processes of migration and its economic impact. Oral interviews were conducted in Ogbomoso town with veteran migrants and their family members. Interviews were also conducted in Jos with the indigenous host community as well as other urban residents. Archival materials were obtained from Arewa House Archives and the National Archives, Kaduna and the National Archives, Ibadan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogbomoso%20migrants" title="Ogbomoso migrants">Ogbomoso migrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%20metropolis" title=" Jos metropolis"> Jos metropolis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20development" title=" community development"> community development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20impact" title=" economic impact"> economic impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88776/economic-impact-of-ogbomoso-migrant-community-in-jos-metropolis-nigeria-1940-2000" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">231</span> Quantification of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Soil Samples of Electrical Power Substations from Different Cities in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omasan%20Urhie%20Urhie">Omasan Urhie Urhie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adenipekun%20C.%20O"> Adenipekun C. O</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eke%20W."> Eke W.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogwu%20K."> Ogwu K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erinle%20K.%20O">Erinle K. O</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are very toxic; they possess ability to accumulate in soil and in human tissues hence resulting in health issues like birth defect, reproductive disorder and cancer. The air is polluted by PCBs through volatilization and dispersion; they also contaminate soil and sediments and are not easily degraded. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-15 cm from three substations (Warri, Ughelli and Ibadan) of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) where old transformers were dumped in Nigeria. Extraction and cleanup of soil samples were conducted using Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) with Pressurized Liquid extraction (PLE). The concentration of PCBs was determined using gsas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Mean total PCB concentrations in the soil samples increased in the order Ughelli ˂ Ibadan˂ Warri, 2.457757ppm Ughelli substation 4.198926ppm, for Ibadan substation and 14.05065ppm at Warri substation. In the Warri samples, PCB-167 was the most abundant at about 30% (4.28086ppm) followed by PCB-157 at about 20% (2.77871), of the total PCB concentrations (14.05065ppm). Of the total PCBs in the Ughelli and Ibadan samples, PCB-156 was the most abundant at about 44% and 40%, respectively. This study provides a baseline report on the presence of PCBs in the vicinity of abandoned electrical power facilities in different cities in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polychlorintated%20biphenyls" title="polychlorintated biphenyls">polychlorintated biphenyls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persistent%20organic%20pollutants" title=" persistent organic pollutants"> persistent organic pollutants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformer" title=" transformer"> transformer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136256/quantification-of-polychlorinated-biphenyls-pcbs-in-soil-samples-of-electrical-power-substations-from-different-cities-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">230</span> Sustainable Water Supply: Rainwater Harvesting as Flood Reduction Measures in Ibadan, Nigeria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omolara%20Lade">Omolara Lade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Oloke"> David Oloke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ibadan City suffers serious water supply problems; cases of dry taps are common in virtually every part of the City. The scarcity of piped water has made communities find alternative water sources; groundwater sources being a ready source. These wells are prone to pollution due to the close proximity of septic tanks to wells, disposal of solid or liquid wastes in pits, abandoned boreholes or even stream channels and landfills. Storms and floods in Ibadan have increased with consequent devastating effects claiming over 120 lives and displacing 600 people on August 2011 alone. In this study, an analysis of the water demand and sources of supply for the city was carried out through questionnaire survey and collection of data from City’s main water supply - Water Corporation of Oyo State (WCOS), groundwater sources were explored and 30 years rainfall data were collected from Meteorological station in Ibadan. 1067 questionnaire were administered at household level with a response rate of 86.7 %. A descriptive analysis of the survey revealed that 77.1 % of the respondents did not receive water at all from WCOS while 83.8 % depend on groundwater sources. Analysis of data from WCOS revealed that main water supply is inadequate as < 10 % of the population water demand was met. Rainfall intensity is highest in June with a mean value of 188 mm, which can be harvested at community—based level and used to complement the population water demand. Rainwater harvesting if planned, and managed properly will become a valuable alternative source of managing urban flood and alleviating water scarcity in the city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibadan" title="Ibadan">Ibadan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainwater%20harvesting" title=" rainwater harvesting"> rainwater harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20water" title=" sustainable water"> sustainable water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20flooding" title=" urban flooding"> urban flooding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78993/sustainable-water-supply-rainwater-harvesting-as-flood-reduction-measures-in-ibadan-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">229</span> The Urban Project: Metropolization Tool and Sustainability Vector - Case of Constantine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouhoubi%20Nedjima">Mouhoubi Nedjima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sassi%20Boudemagh%20Souad"> Sassi Boudemagh Souad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chouabbia%20Khedidja"> Chouabbia Khedidja </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cities grow, large or small; they seek to gain a place in the market competition, which talks to sell a product that is the city itself. The metropolis are large cities enjoying a legal status and assets providing their dominions elements on a territory larger than their range, do not escape this situation. Thus, the search for promising tool metropolises better development and durability meet the challenges as economic, social and environmental is timely. The urban project is a new way to build the city; it is involved in the metropolises of two ways, either to manage the crisis and to meet the internal needs of the metropolis, or by creating a regional attractiveness with their potential. This communication will address the issue of urban project as a tool that has and should find a place in the panoply of existing institutional tools. Based on the example of the modernization project of the metropolis of eastern Algeria "Constantine", we will examine what the urban project can bring to a city, the extent of its impact but also the relationship between the visions actors so metropolization a success. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20project" title="urban project">urban project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metropolis" title=" metropolis"> metropolis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20tools" title=" institutional tools"> institutional tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Constantine" title=" Constantine"> Constantine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31292/the-urban-project-metropolization-tool-and-sustainability-vector-case-of-constantine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">228</span> Identifying Factors for Evaluating Livability Potential within a Metropolis: A Case of Kolkata </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arpan%20Paul">Arpan Paul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joy%20Sen"> Joy Sen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Livability is a holistic concept whose factors include many complex characteristics and levels of interrelationships among them. It has been considered as people’s need for public amenities and is recognized as a major element to create social welfare. The concept and principles of livability are essential for recognizing the significance of community well-being. The attributes and dimensions of livability are also important aspects to measure the overall quality of environment. Livability potential is mainly considered as the capacity to develop into the overall well-being of an urban area in future. The intent of the present study is to identify the prime factors to evaluate livability potential within a metropolis. For ground level case study, the paper has selected Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA) as it has wide physical, social, and economic variations within it. The initial part of the study deals with detailed literature review on livability and its significance of evaluating its potential within a metropolis. The next segment is dedicated for identifying the primary factors which would evaluate livability potential within a metropolis. In pursuit of identifying primary factors, which have a direct impact on urban livability, this study delineates the metropolitan area into various clusters, having their distinct livability potential. As a final outcome of the study, variations of livability potential of those selected clusters are highlighted to explain the complexity of the metropolitan development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kolkata%20Metropolitan%20Area%20%28KMA%29" title="Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA)">Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livability%20potential" title=" livability potential"> livability potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metropolis" title=" metropolis"> metropolis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wellbeing" title=" wellbeing"> wellbeing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57192/identifying-factors-for-evaluating-livability-potential-within-a-metropolis-a-case-of-kolkata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">227</span> Economics of Milled Rice Marketing in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suleh%20Yusufu%20Godi">Suleh Yusufu Godi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ado%20Makama%20Adamu"> Ado Makama Adamu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Marketing involves all the legal, physical, and economic services which are necessary in moving products from producer to consumers. The more efficient the marketing functions are performed the better the marketing system for the farmers, marketing agents, and the society at large. Rice marketing ensures the flow of product from producers to consumers in the form, time and place of need. Therefore, this study examined profitability of milled rice marketing in Gombe metropolis, Gombe State. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from ninety randomly selected rice marketers in Gombe metropolis. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, farm budget technique and regression analysis. The study revealed the total rice marketing cost incurred by rice marketers to be N6, 610,214.70. This gave an average of N73, 446.83 per marketer and N37.30 per Kilogram of rice. The Gross Income for rice marketers in Gombe metropolis was N15, 064,600.00. This value gave an average of N167, 384.44 per rice marketer or N85.00 per kilogram of rice. The study also revealed net income for all rice marketers to be N8, 454,385.30. This gave an average of N93, 937.61 per rice marketer or N47.70 per Kilogram of rice. The study further revealed a marketing margin, marketing efficiency and return per naira invested on rice marketing to be 39.30%, 150.16% and N0.56, respectively. The result of regression analysis shows that age, sex and cost of transportation are positive and significantly affect marketing margin of rice marketers in Gombe Metropolis. However, the main constraints to rice marketing in Gombe metropolis include inadequate electricity, capital, high transportation cost, instability of prices and low patronage among others. The study recommends provision of adequate electrical power supply in the State especially the State capital and also encouraging rice marketers in Gombe metropolis to form cooperative societies so as to have easy access to credit facilities especially from the formal sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20marketers" title="rice marketers">rice marketers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milled%20rice" title=" milled rice"> milled rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20and%20return" title=" cost and return"> cost and return</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing%20margin" title=" marketing margin"> marketing margin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profitability" title=" profitability"> profitability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164379/economics-of-milled-rice-marketing-in-gombe-metropolis-gombe-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">226</span> Knowledge, Attitude and Compliance of Secondary School Students Towards School Discipline Policy in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Yakubu">S. Yakubu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Isah"> E. A. Isah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the objectives of the school discipline policy is to instill discipline among students. However, despite the availability of this policy in various secondary schools in Nigeria, there seem to be numerous cases of indiscipline among students, which has become a source of concern to all stakeholders in the education sector. In an attempt to proffer possible solutions to this unending challenge, the study investigated the influence of knowledge and attitude on compliance of secondary school students towards school discipline policy in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was employed to collect the requisite data. The multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted to select 570 respondents as the sample for the study. The data collected were analyzed using statistical measures of Mean, Standard deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The findings of the study showed that knowledge and compliance of school discipline policy among secondary school students in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State were significantly related (r =0.330, p<0.05). The study also revealed a significant relationship between attitude and compliance of school discipline policy among secondary school students in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State (r = 0.593, p<0.05). Based on the findings, it was recommended that school rules and regulations should be emphasized and given more awareness for easy compliance. Also, students should be encouraged to portray a positive attitude towards their respective rules and regulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title="knowledge">knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title=" attitude"> attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compliance" title=" compliance"> compliance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20discipline%20policy" title=" school discipline policy"> school discipline policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121121/knowledge-attitude-and-compliance-of-secondary-school-students-towards-school-discipline-policy-in-ibadan-north-local-government-area-of-oyo-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">225</span> Residents' Satisfaction with Infrastructural Facilities in the Peri-Urban Area of Ibadan, Southwest of Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Ayorinde%20Okanlawon">Simon Ayorinde Okanlawon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines residents’ assessment of with infrastructural facilities in the urban fringe of Ibadan, Nigeria. Random sampling technique was used in selecting four Local Government Areas out of the six suburban LGAs of the city. Google earth and ground trotting were used in capturing and selecting seven hundred and forty-two new houses. The questionnaires administered on house owners were harvested on the spot. The information collected includes socio-economic and demographic characteristics of residents as well as characteristics of infrastructural facilities. The study utilised both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses; Facility Availability Index (FAI) Facility Functionality Index (FFI) and Residents’ Satisfactions Index (RSI) were used to compare respectively residents’ perceived levels of availability of, the functionality of, and satisfaction with facilities across Local Government Areas. The study shows that levels of both availability of, and satisfaction with infrastructural facilities are low with respective overall FAI (0.8) and RSI (0.05), while the functionality of the facilities is generally very poor IFFI = - 0.58). Strategies were proposed to enhance the good, livable, and healthy environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructural%20facilities" title="infrastructural facilities">infrastructural facilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructural%20perception%20index" title=" infrastructural perception index"> infrastructural perception index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residents%E2%80%99%20satisfaction" title=" residents’ satisfaction"> residents’ satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20fringe%20of%20Ibadan" title=" urban fringe of Ibadan"> urban fringe of Ibadan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73730/residents-satisfaction-with-infrastructural-facilities-in-the-peri-urban-area-of-ibadan-southwest-of-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">224</span> Effect of Seasonal Variation on Two Introduced Columbiformes in Awba Dam Tourism Centre, University of Ibadan, Ibadan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kolawole%20F.%20Farinloye">Kolawole F. Farinloye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samson%20O.%20Ojo"> Samson O. Ojo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two Columbiformes species were recently introduced to the newly established Awba Dam Tourism Centre [ADTC], hence there is need to investigate the effect of seasonal variation on these species with respect to hematological composition. Blood samples were obtained from superficial ulna vein of the 128 apparently healthy C. livia and C. guinea into tubes containing EDTA as anticoagulant. Thin blood smears (TBS) were prepared, stained and viewed under microscope. Values of Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, White Blood Cell (WBC) count, cholesterol (CH), Uric Acid (UA), Protein (PR), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Haemoglobin Content (HB), Blood Volume (BV), Plasma Glucose (PG) and Length/Width (L/W) ratio of red blood cells were assessed. The procedure was carried out on a seasonal basis (wet and dry seasons of 2013-2014). Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Lymphocyte count for C. livia was F3, 161 = 13.15, while for C. guinea was F3, 178 = 13.15. Heterophil, H/L ratio and Muscle score values for both species were (rs = -0.38, rs = -0.44), (rs = 0.51, rs = 0.31) (4, 3) respectively. Analyses also demonstrated a low WBC to RBC ratio (0.004: 25.3) in both species during the wet season compared to dry season, respectively. L/W varied significantly among sampling seasons i.e. wet (19.1% of BV, 12.6% of BV, 0.1% of BV) and dry (18.9% of BV, 12.7% of BV, 0.08% of BV). The level of HB in wet season (19.20±8.46108) is lower compared to dry season (19.70±8.48762). T-test also showed (wet=15.625, 0.111), (dry=12.125, 0.146) respectively, hence there is no association between species and haematological parameters. Species introduced were found to be haematologically stable. Although there were slight differences in seasonal composition, however this can be attributed to seasonal variation; suggesting little or no effect of seasons on their blood composition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seasonal%20variation" title="seasonal variation">seasonal variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Columbiformes" title=" Columbiformes"> Columbiformes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Awba%20Dam%20tourism%20centre" title=" Awba Dam tourism centre"> Awba Dam tourism centre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=University%20of%20Ibadan" title=" University of Ibadan"> University of Ibadan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibadan" title=" Ibadan"> Ibadan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71108/effect-of-seasonal-variation-on-two-introduced-columbiformes-in-awba-dam-tourism-centre-university-of-ibadan-ibadan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">223</span> The Relationship between Metropolitan Space and Spatial Distribution of Main Innovative Actors: The Case of Yangtze Delta Metropolitan in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Zhou">Jun Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xingping%20Wang"> Xingping Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Milbourne"> Paul Milbourne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evidences in the world shows that the industry and population have being greatly concentrated in metropolitan regions which is getting to be the most important area for the economic power and people living standard in the future. In the meanwhile, the relevant innovation theories of Agglomeration, New Industrial Geography and Modern Evolutionary innovation prove that the reason why the agglomeration in world-class city and metropolitan areas and also verify innovation is the key point for the development of metropolis. The primary purpose of this paper is to analyze the geographical spatial characteristics of innovative subjects which contain firm, university, research institution, government and intermediary organ in metropolis throughout the amount data analysis in Yangtze River Metropolis in China. The results show three main conclusions. The first is different subjects in different regions have different spatial characteristics. The second one is different structure and pattern between the subjects also can produce different innovative effect. The last but not the least is agglomeration of innovative subjects’ is not only influenced by the innovative network or local policies but also affected by the localized industry characteristics and culture which are getting to be the most important crucial factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metropolitan%20development" title="metropolitan development">metropolitan development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovative%20subject" title=" innovative subject"> innovative subject</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial" title=" spatial"> spatial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yangtze%20River%20Metropolis" title=" Yangtze River Metropolis"> Yangtze River Metropolis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19257/the-relationship-between-metropolitan-space-and-spatial-distribution-of-main-innovative-actors-the-case-of-yangtze-delta-metropolitan-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">222</span> Influence of Leadership Tenure and Succession on Institutional Goal Attainment in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria (2006-2015)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismial%20A.%20Raji">Ismial A. Raji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blessing%20Egbezieme%20Oladejo"> Blessing Egbezieme Oladejo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babatunde%20Kasim%20Oladele"> Babatunde Kasim Oladele </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated the influence of leadership succession and tenure on goal attainment in the University of Ibadan. Leadership styles, tenure politics, organization succession, leadership succession, goal attainment in terms of research, teaching and public services were considered. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population of the study was 250 consisting 90 academic staff, 100 Senior Non-Teaching Staff and 60 Junior Non-Teaching Staff. Questionnaire was the instrument used to collect data. The instrument reliability coefficient was 0.88. Data collected were analysed with descriptive statistics. The result revealed that a significant relationship exist between leadership succession, tenure and goal attainment (r= .648, 0.466 and 0.479p< .0.5) Also, There was no statistical significant interaction between the effects of leadership tenure and leadership succession on goal attainment, F (38, 131) = 1.356, p = .104. The main influence of the independent variables on goal attainment were significant at F (24, 131) = 1.682, p=.034 and F (26, 131) = 2.182, p=.002. The study concluded that leadership succession and tenure are key factors for goal attainment in the University of Ibadan. The study recommended that an effective leadership succession and tenure processes should be maintained and sustained by higher institutions of learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership%20tenure" title="leadership tenure">leadership tenure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=style" title=" style"> style</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=succession" title=" succession"> succession</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20goal" title=" institutional goal"> institutional goal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99875/influence-of-leadership-tenure-and-succession-on-institutional-goal-attainment-in-the-university-of-ibadan-nigeria-2006-2015" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">221</span> Assessing the Use of Biomedicine in Nigeria: A Case Study of IDO and Northwest Local Government Areas of Ibadan, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeyemi%20A.%20Ajisebiolola">Adeyemi A. Ajisebiolola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined people’s responses to demand and consumption of herbal medicines in Nigeria. It also assessed people’s evaluation of the effectiveness of the existing medicines on the treatment of ailments and encouraging forest products utilization for greener future in terms of healthcare delivery. Two Local Government Areas, namely Ido and Ibadan Northwest were adopted for the study; Ido is characterized by rural populace and Ibadan Northwest by urban populace. Out of 500 questionnaires randomly administered to the households in the two local government areas of study, 481 (96.2%) were recovered. Statistical analysis employed showed that people were beginning to understand the importance of herbal medicines in Nigeria as majority of the households use herbal medicines to treat various ailments. Among the major problems encountered by the respondents are lack of precise dosage and adequate preservation methods. It was recommended that Forestry Research Institutes in Nigeria should be deeply involved in the findings on medicinal plants, package them into products and make them available to the society for sustainable healthcare management and greener future of the nation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20and%20consumption" title="demand and consumption">demand and consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20products" title=" forest products"> forest products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herbal%20medicines" title=" herbal medicines"> herbal medicines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111338/assessing-the-use-of-biomedicine-in-nigeria-a-case-study-of-ido-and-northwest-local-government-areas-of-ibadan-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">220</span> Empirical Investigation into Climate Change and Climate-Smart Agriculture for Food Security in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Julius%20Adebayo">J. Julius Adebayo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this paper is to assess the agro-climatic condition of Ibadan in the rain forest ecological zone of Nigeria, using rainfall pattern and temperature between 1978-2018. Data on rainfall and temperature in Ibadan, Oyo State for a period of 40 years were obtained from Meteorological Section of Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan and Oyo State Meteorology Centre. Time series analysis was employed to analyze the data. The trend revealed that rainfall is decreasing slowly and temperature is averagely increasing year after year. The model for rainfall and temperature are Yₜ = 1454.11-8*t and Yₜ = 31.5995 + 2.54 E-02*t respectively, where t is the time. On this basis, a forecast of 20 years (2019-2038) was generated, and the results showed a further downward trend on rainfall and upward trend in temperature, this indicates persistence rainfall shortage and very hot weather for agricultural practices in the southwest rain forest ecological zone. Suggestions on possible solutions to avert climate change crisis and also promote climate-smart agriculture for sustainable food and nutrition security were also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20pattern" title=" rainfall pattern"> rainfall pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20series%20analysis" title=" time series analysis"> time series analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20and%20nutrition%20security" title=" food and nutrition security"> food and nutrition security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110921/empirical-investigation-into-climate-change-and-climate-smart-agriculture-for-food-security-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110921.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">219</span> Investigation of the Influence of Student’s Characteristics on Mathematics Achievement in Junior Secondary School in Ibadan, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babatunde%20Kasim%20Oladele">Babatunde Kasim Oladele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This current study investigated students’ characteristics as factors that influence Mathematics Achievement of junior secondary school students. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population of the study was one hundred and twenty-three (123) JSS students of secondary schools in Ibadan North Local Government in Oyo State. A Mathematics achievement test and three questionnaires on student’s self-efficacy belief, attitude, and learning style were the instruments used. Prior to the administration of the constructed mathematics achievement test, 100-item mathematics was subjected to the expert review, and items analysis was carried out. Fifty items were retained. The Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficients of the instruments were 0.71, 0.76, and 0.83, respectively. Collected data were analysed using the frequency count, percentages, mean, standard deviation, and Path Analysis in Amos SPSS Version 20. Students characteristics: gender, age, self-efficacy, attitude and learning style had positive direct effects on students’ achievement in Mathematics as indicated by their respective beta weights (β = 0.36, 0.203, 0.92, 0.079, 0.69 p < 0.05). Consequently, the study concluded that student’s characteristics (Age, gender, and learning style) explained a significant part of the variability in students’ achievement in Mathematics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics%20achievement" title="mathematics achievement">mathematics achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%E2%80%99%20characteristics" title=" students’ characteristics"> students’ characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=junior%20secondary%20school" title=" junior secondary school"> junior secondary school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibadan" title=" Ibadan"> Ibadan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105309/investigation-of-the-influence-of-students-characteristics-on-mathematics-achievement-in-junior-secondary-school-in-ibadan-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">218</span> Economics of Open and Distance Education in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babatunde%20Kasim%20Oladele">Babatunde Kasim Oladele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the major objectives of the Nigeria national policy on education is the provision of equal educational opportunities to all citizens at different levels of education. With regards to higher education, an aspect of the policy encourages distance learning to be organized and delivered by tertiary institutions in Nigeria. This study therefore, determines how much of the Government resources are committed, how the resources are utilized and what alternative sources of funding are available for this system of education. This study investigated the trends in recurrent costs between 2004/2005 and 2013/2014 at University of Ibadan Distance Learning Centre (DLC). A descriptive survey research design was employed for the study. Questionnaire was the research instrument used for the collection of data. The population of the study was 280 current distance learning education students, 70 academic staff and 50 administrative staff. Only 354 questionnaires were correctly filled and returned. Data collected were analyzed and coded using the frequencies, ratio, average and percentages were used to answer all the research questions. The study revealed that staff salaries and allowances of academic and non-academic staff represent the most important variable that influences the cost of education. About 55% of resources were allocated to this sector alone. The study also indicates that costs rise every year with increase in enrolment representing a situation of diseconomies of scale. This study recommends that Universities who operates distance learning program should strive to explore other internally generated revenue option to boost their revenue. University of Ibadan, being the premier university in Nigeria, should be given foreign aid and home support, both financially and materially, to enable the institute to run a formidable distance education program that would measure up in planning and implementation with those of developed nation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20education" title="open education">open education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20education" title=" distance education"> distance education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=University%20of%20Ibadan" title=" University of Ibadan"> University of Ibadan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20of%20education" title=" cost of education"> cost of education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74624/economics-of-open-and-distance-education-in-the-university-of-ibadan-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">217</span> Impact of Landuse Change on Surface Temperature in Ibadan, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abegunde%20Linda">Abegunde Linda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adedeji%20Oluwatola"> Adedeji Oluwatola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It has become increasingly evident that large developments influence the climate within the immediate region and there are concerns that rising temperatures over developed areas could have negative impact and increase living discomfort within city boundaries. Temperature trends in Ibadan city have received minor attention, yet the area has experienced heavy urban expansion between 1972 and 2014. This research aims at examining the impact of landuse change on temperature knowing that the built environment absorbs and stores solar energy, the temperature in cities can be several degrees higher than in adjacent rural areas. This is known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The Landsat imagery were used to examine the landuse change for a time period of 42years (1972-2014) and Land surface temperature (LST) was obtained by converting the thermal band to a surface temperature map and zonal statistic analyses was further used to examine the relationship between landuse and temperature emission. The results showed that the settlement area increased by 200km2 while the area covered by vegetation also reduced to about 42.6% during the study period. The spatial and temporal trends of temperature are related to the gradual change in urban landcover and the settlement area has the highest emission of land surface temperature. This research provides useful insight into the temporal behavior of the Ibadan city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landuse" title="landuse">landuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LST" title=" LST"> LST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UHI" title=" UHI"> UHI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22378/impact-of-landuse-change-on-surface-temperature-in-ibadan-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item 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