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vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suffix"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Suffix</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suffix-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Usage_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.1</span> <span>Usage notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derived_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derived_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.2</span> <span>Derived terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derived_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.3</span> <span>Translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Etymology 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suffix_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suffix_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Suffix</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suffix_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anagrams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anagrams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Anagrams</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronunciation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Pronunciation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronunciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suffix_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suffix_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Suffix</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suffix_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Derived_terms_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derived_terms_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Derived terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derived_terms_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Middle English</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Middle_English-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Middle English subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Middle_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suffix_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suffix_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Suffix</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suffix_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Old_French" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_French"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Old French</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Old_French-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Old French subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Old_French-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suffix_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suffix_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Suffix</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suffix_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Derived_terms_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derived_terms_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Derived terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derived_terms_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="-ise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ise" title="-ise – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="-ise" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ise" title="-ise – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="-ise" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ise" title="-ise – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="-ise" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ise" title="-ise – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="-ise" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ise" title="-ise – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="-ise" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wiktionary, the free dictionary</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="disambig-see-also"><i>See also:</i> <b class="Latn"><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Variations_of_%22ise%22" title="Appendix:Variations of "ise"">Appendix:Variations of "ise"</a></b></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English">English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interproject-box sister-wikipedia sister-project noprint floatright"><div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/66px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/88px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left: 60px;">English <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> has an article on:<div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-ise" class="extiw" title="w:-ise">-ise</a></b></div></div><span class="interProject"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-ise" class="extiw" title="w:-ise">Wikipedia </a></span></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83974623">.mw-parser-output .interproject-box{font-size:90%;width:250px;padding:4px;text-align:left;background:var(--wikt-palette-paleblue,#f9f9f9);border:var(--border-color-base,#aaa)1px solid;display:flex;flex-direction:row;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .interproject-box>div:first-child{float:none!important;flex:none}.mw-parser-output .interproject-box>div:nth-child(2){margin-left:0.55em!important}body.skin-vector:not(.skin-vector-2022) .mw-parser-output .interproject-box .vector-hide{display:none}body.skin-vector:not(.skin-vector-2022) .mw-parser-output .interproject-box .vector-inline-block{display:inline-block;margin-left:0!important}@media screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .interproject-box{box-sizing:border-box;line-height:1.5;width:100%;max-width:100%}}</style> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_1">Etymology 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_English" class="extiw" title="w:Middle English">Middle English</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm"><a href="/wiki/-isen#Middle_English" title="-isen">-isen</a></i>, from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_French" class="extiw" title="w:Middle French">Middle French</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="frm"><a href="/wiki/-iser#Middle_French" title="-iser">-iser</a></i>, from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Late Latin">Late Latin</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/-izo#Latin" title="-izo">-izāre</a></i>, from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="w:Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a></span> <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/-%CE%AF%CE%B6%CF%89#Ancient_Greek" title="-ίζω">-ίζω</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span lang="grc-Latn" class="mention-tr tr Latn">-ízō</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>, from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" class="extiw" title="w:Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-idy%C3%A9-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-idyé- (page does not exist)">*-idyé-</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="ann-pos">verbal suffix</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. Cognate with <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English" class="extiw" title="w:Old English">Old English</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang"><a href="/wiki/-ettan#Old_English" title="-ettan">-ettan</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="ann-pos">verbal suffix</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suffix">Suffix</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Suffix"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="en">-ise</strong></span> </p> <ol><li><span class="form-of-definition use-with-mention">Alternative form of <span class="form-of-definition-link"><i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/-ize#English" title="-ize">-ize</a></i></span></span> <span class="use-with-mention">used in certain words; see the <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Usage_notes">usage notes</a></span>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Usage_notes">Usage notes</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Usage notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Many English verbs end in the suffix <span class="IPA">/aɪz/</span>. Historically, this has been spelled <i>-ize</i> on words coming from Greek (for example <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/baptize#English" title="baptize">baptize</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Hellenize#English" title="Hellenize">Hellenize</a></i>), while <i>-ise</i> has been used, especially in <i>-vise</i>, <i>-tise</i>, <i>-cise</i><span class="serial-comma">,</span> and <i>-prise</i>, on words coming from French or Latin (for example <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/surprise#English" title="surprise">surprise</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/supervise#English" title="supervise">supervise</a></i>). In the 19th century, it became common in the United Kingdom (due to French influence), and then also in Ireland, India, Australia<span class="serial-comma">,</span> and New Zealand, to use <i>-ise</i> on words that had historically been spelled <i>-ize</i> (hence <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/baptise#English" title="baptise">baptise</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Hellenise#English" title="Hellenise">Hellenise</a></i>). However, the influential <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_spelling" class="extiw" title="w:Oxford spelling">Oxford University Press</a> and its <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i> continued to use the spelling <i>-ize</i> on Greek words, and <i>-ize</i> has always been the spelling used in the United States and the predominant one in Canada on such words.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Derived_terms">Derived terms</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Derived terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83981450">.mw-parser-output .columns-bg.term-list.CategoryTreeTag{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .columns-bg.term-list.CategoryTreeTag .CategoryTreeToggle{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Arabianise" title="Arabianise">Arabianise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/arabicise" title="arabicise">arabicise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Arabise" title="Arabise">Arabise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/arborise" title="arborise">arborise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div 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class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/evangelise" title="evangelise">evangelise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/eventualise" title="eventualise">eventualise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/evolutionise" title="evolutionise">evolutionise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/exoticise" title="exoticise">exoticise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/experimentalise" title="experimentalise">experimentalise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/experimentise" title="experimentise">experimentise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Translations">Translations</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="pseudo NavFrame" id="Translations--ize"><div class="NavHead" style="text-align:left">-ize <span style="font-weight:normal">— <i>see </i></span><a href="/wiki/-ize#Translations" title="-ize">-ize</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_2">Etymology 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Etymology 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_English" class="extiw" title="w:Middle English">Middle English</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Middle_English">-ise</a></i>, from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_French" class="extiw" title="w:Old French">Old French</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Old_French">-ise</a></i>, borrowed from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Latin">Latin</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/-itia#Latin" title="-itia">-itia</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suffix_2">Suffix</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Suffix"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="en">-ise</strong></span> </p> <ol><li><span class="use-with-mention">Suffix used in loanwords from French to form abstract nouns of <a href="/wiki/quality#English" title="quality">quality</a> or <a href="/wiki/function#English" title="function">function</a>.</span> <dl><dd><i>merchand<b>ise</b></i>, <i>franch<b>ise</b></i></dd></dl></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anagrams">Anagrams</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Anagrams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/-ies#English" title="-ies">-ies</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/-sie#English" title="-sie">-sie</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/EIS#English" title="EIS">EIS</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/EIs#English" title="EIs">EIs</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/ESI#English" title="ESI">ESI</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/ies#English" title="ies">ies</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/sei#English" title="sei">sei</a></span>, <span class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/sie#English" title="sie">sie</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="French">French</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: French"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#inherited" title="Appendix:Glossary">Inherited</a> from <span class="etyl"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_French" class="extiw" title="w:Old French">Old French</a></span> <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Old_French">-ise</a></i>, a suffix probably derived, by resegmentation, from <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro"><a href="/wiki/justise#Old_French" title="justise">justise</a></i> (< Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/iustitia#Latin" title="iustitia">iūstitia</a></i>), whose ending was influenced by the closely-related <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ju%C3%AFse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="juïse (page does not exist)">juïse</a></i> (< Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/iudicium#Latin" title="iudicium">iūdĭcium</a></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose /i/, in turn, may be the result of influence from <i class="Latn mention" lang="la"><a href="/wiki/-icius#Latin" title="-icius">-īcius</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="ann-pos">adjective-forming suffix</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><sup>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:French_pronunciation" title="Appendix:French pronunciation">key</a>)</sup>: <span class="IPA">/iz/</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suffix_3">Suffix</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Suffix"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="fr">-ise</strong> <span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> (<i>plural</i> <b class="Latn form-of lang-fr p-form-of" lang="fr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ises&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="-ises (page does not exist)">-ises</a></b>)</span> </p> <ol><li><span class="Latn" lang="en"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#English">-ise</a></span>; <span class="use-with-mention">forms abstract nouns</span> <dl><dd><span class="affixusex">‎<i class="Latn mention" lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/d%C3%A9brouillard#French" title="débrouillard">débrouillard</a></i> + ‎<i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">-ise</i> → ‎<i class="Latn mention" lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/d%C3%A9brouillardise#French" title="débrouillardise">débrouillardise</a></i></span></dd> <dd><span class="affixusex">‎<i class="Latn mention" lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/franc#French" title="franc">franc</a></i> + ‎<i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">-ise</i> → ‎<i class="Latn mention" lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/franchise#French" title="franchise">franchise</a></i></span></dd> <dd><span class="affixusex">‎<i class="Latn mention" lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/vantard#French" title="vantard">vantard</a></i> + ‎<i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">-ise</i> → ‎<i class="Latn mention" lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/vantardise#French" title="vantardise">vantardise</a></i></span></dd></dl></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Derived_terms_2">Derived terms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Derived terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83981450" /><ul class="catfix" data-anchor="French"><span class="Latn" lang="fr"></span></ul><div class="list-switcher-wrapper"><div class="list-switcher list-switcher-category-tree"><div class="columns-bg term-list CategoryTreeTag" data-pages-left-over="0" style="counter-reset: pagesleftover 0" data-ct-options="{"mode":10,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":[0],"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="French_terms_suffixed_with_-ise" data-ct-loaded="1" aria-expanded="true"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:French_terms_suffixed_with_-ise" title="Category:French terms suffixed with -ise">French terms suffixed with -ise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/balourdise" title="balourdise">balourdise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/b%C3%AAtise" title="bêtise">bêtise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/chalandise" title="chalandise">chalandise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/convoitise" title="convoitise">convoitise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/couardise" title="couardise">couardise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/d%C3%A9brouillardise" title="débrouillardise">débrouillardise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/expertise" title="expertise">expertise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/fain%C3%A9antise" title="fainéantise">fainéantise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/feintise" title="feintise">feintise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/flemmardise" title="flemmardise">flemmardise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/gaillardise" title="gaillardise">gaillardise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/gourmandise" title="gourmandise">gourmandise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/hantise" title="hantise">hantise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/ma%C3%AEtrise" title="maîtrise">maîtrise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/marchandise" title="marchandise">marchandise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/mignardise" title="mignardise">mignardise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/mignotise" title="mignotise">mignotise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/pr%C3%AAtrise" title="prêtrise">prêtrise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/roublardise" title="roublardise">roublardise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/tra%C3%AEtrise" title="traîtrise">traîtrise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/vantardise" title="vantardise">vantardise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"> ^ </a> <span class="reference-text">Breslin, Margaret Sinclair. 1969. The Old French abstract suffix -ise: Studies in its rise, internal diffusion, external spread, and retrenchment. Romance Philology 22. 408–420.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middle_English">Middle English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Middle English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suffix_4">Suffix</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Suffix"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="enm">-ise</strong></span> </p> <ol><li><span class="form-of-definition use-with-mention">Alternative form of <span class="form-of-definition-link"><i class="Latn mention" lang="enm"><a href="/wiki/-yssh#Middle_English" title="-yssh">-yssh</a></i></span></span></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Old_French">Old French</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Old French"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suffix_5">Suffix</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Suffix"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="headword-line"><strong class="Latn headword" lang="fro">-ise</strong></span> </p> <ol><li><span class="use-with-mention">used to form feminine nouns, often denoting a state or quality</span> <dl><dd><span class="affixusex">‎<i class="Latn mention" lang="fro"><a href="/wiki/franc#Old_French" title="franc">franc</a></i> + ‎<i class="Latn mention" lang="fro">-ise</i> → ‎<i class="Latn mention" lang="fro"><a href="/wiki/franchise#Old_French" title="franchise">franchise</a></i></span></dd> <dd><span class="affixusex">‎<i class="Latn mention" lang="fro"><a href="/wiki/cuinte#Old_French" title="cuinte">cuinte</a></i> + ‎<i class="Latn mention" lang="fro">-ise</i> → ‎<i class="Latn mention" lang="fro"><a href="/wiki/cuintise#Old_French" title="cuintise">cuintise</a></i></span></dd></dl></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Derived_terms_3">Derived terms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-ise&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Derived terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83981450" /><ul class="catfix" data-anchor="Old_French"><span class="None" lang="fro"></span></ul><div class="list-switcher-category-tree"><div class="columns-bg term-list CategoryTreeTag" data-pages-left-over="0" style="counter-reset: pagesleftover 0" data-ct-options="{"mode":10,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":[0],"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Old_French_terms_suffixed_with_-ise" data-ct-loaded="1" aria-expanded="true"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Old_French_terms_suffixed_with_-ise" title="Category:Old French terms suffixed with -ise">Old French terms suffixed with -ise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/cuardise" title="cuardise">cuardise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/cuintise" title="cuintise">cuintise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/feintise" title="feintise">feintise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreePageBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/franchise" title="franchise">franchise</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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