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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Conquest of New Sweden 1655</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kartskiss_%C3%B6ver_Nya_Sverige.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kartskiss_%C3%B6ver_Nya_Sverige.png/200px-Kartskiss_%C3%B6ver_Nya_Sverige.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kartskiss_%C3%B6ver_Nya_Sverige.png/300px-Kartskiss_%C3%B6ver_Nya_Sverige.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kartskiss_%C3%B6ver_Nya_Sverige.png/400px-Kartskiss_%C3%B6ver_Nya_Sverige.png 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span><br />Map of New Sweden, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1650</span> <br />by <a href="/wiki/Amandus_Johnson" title="Amandus Johnson">Amandus Johnson</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>September 1655</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Dutch victory</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> Dutch annexation of <a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/23px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/35px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/45px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Sweden</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Johan_Risingh" title="Johan Risingh">Johan Risingh</a>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%"> 7 ships<br /> 317 soldiers</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Swedish_colonial_conflicts" title="Template:Campaignbox Swedish colonial conflicts"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Swedish_colonial_conflicts" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Swedish colonial conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Swedish_colonial_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Swedish colonial conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Swedish_colonial_conflicts7102" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Swedish colonial conflicts</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent;padding-bottom:0;"> 9th century</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_expedition_to_Courland_(854)" title="Swedish expedition to Courland (854)">1st Courland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_expedition_to_Courland_(854)#Aftermath" title="Swedish expedition to Courland (854)">2nd Courland</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent;padding-bottom:0;"> 12th century</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Swedish_Crusade" title="First Swedish Crusade">1st Finland</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent;padding-bottom:0;"> 13th century</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tavastian_uprising" title="Tavastian uprising">Tavastia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Swedish_Crusade" title="Second Swedish Crusade">2nd Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Swedish_Crusade" title="Third Swedish Crusade">3rd Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Crusade" title="Livonian Crusade">Livonia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent;padding-bottom:0;"> 15th century</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David%27s_Rebellion" title="David's Rebellion">Satakunta</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent;padding-bottom:0;"> 16th century</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cudgel_War" title="Cudgel War">4th Finland</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent;padding-bottom:0;"> 17th century</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destruction_of_Fort_Beversrede&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Destruction of Fort Beversrede (page does not exist)">1st Beversrede</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_destruction_of_Fort_Beversrede&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second destruction of Fort Beversrede (page does not exist)">2nd Beversrede</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Tacorary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capture of Tacorary (page does not exist)">Tacorary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Casimir" title="Capture of Fort Casimir">Casimir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Sweden_Revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Sweden Revolt (page does not exist)">1st New Sweden</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd New Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standoff_near_St._Christopher" title="Standoff near St. Christopher">Saint Kitts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wreckage_of_Kattan" title="Wreckage of Kattan">Kattan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Carolusborg_(1652)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capture of Carolusborg (1652) (page does not exist)">1st Carolusborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Coast_Castle#Siege_of_Carolusborg_(1652)" title="Cape Coast Castle">2nd Carolusborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Carolusborg_(1658)" title="Capture of Carolusborg (1658)">3rd Carolusborg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Carolusborg_(1659)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capture of Carolusborg (1659) (page does not exist)">4th Carolusborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Long_Swede" title="Revolt of the Long Swede">3rd New Sweden</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent;padding-bottom:0;"> 18th century</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Venezuelans#Swedish_colonization_attempt_in_Esequibo" title="Nordic Venezuelans">Esequibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affair_of_Porto_Novo" title="Affair of Porto Novo">Porto Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affair_of_Porto_Novo#Aftermath" title="Affair of Porto Novo">Cochim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_to_Surat" title="Expedition to Surat">Surat</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent;padding-bottom:0;"> 19th century</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_(1801)" title="Surrender of Saint Barthélemy (1801)">1st Saint-Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_occupation_of_Saint-Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French occupation of Saint-Barthélemy (page does not exist)">2nd Saint-Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Attack_on_Saint-Barth%C3%A9lemy_(1807)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attack on Saint-Barthélemy (1807) (page does not exist)">3rd Saint-Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Barth%C3%A9lemy_Mutiny" title="Saint-Barthélemy Mutiny">4th Saint-Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Barth%C3%A9lemy_affair" title="Saint-Barthélemy affair">5th Saint-Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Barth%C3%A9lemy_riots_(1828)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Barthélemy riots (1828) (page does not exist)">6th Saint-Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Barth%C3%A9lemy_riots_(1830)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Barthélemy riots (1830) (page does not exist)">7th Saint-Barthélemy</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent;padding-bottom:0;"> 20th century</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_settlement_of_Svalbard#German_raids" title="Swedish settlement of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>In September 1655, Dutch soldiers from <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> under the command of <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a> conquered the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a> colony of <a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a>. Under the terms of surrender the Swedish settlements were incorporated into the Dutch colony. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conquest_of_New_Sweden&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New Sweden was a Swedish colony founded by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit">Peter Minuit</a> in 1638 along the Delaware River. The colony, centered on <a href="/wiki/Fort_Christina" title="Fort Christina">Fort Christina</a>, thrived for a number of years under the administration of <a href="/wiki/Johan_Bj%C3%B6rnsson_Printz" title="Johan Björnsson Printz">Johan Printz</a>, attracting Swedish and Finnish settlers who engaged in farming and fur trading with the <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susquehannock" title="Susquehannock">Susquehannock</a>. The Dutch, however, also claimed the area, having established the colony of New Netherland in 1624 along the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>. Their presence on the Delaware River, however, was many years limited to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Nassau_(South_River)" title="Fort Nassau (South River)">Fort Nassau</a> on the east side of the river opposite the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Schuylkill_River" title="Schuylkill River">Schuylkill River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tension between the Dutch and Swedes in North America escalated in the late 1640s. The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a>, which governed New Netherland, saw New Sweden as a threat to its trade dominance and territorial ambitions in the region. The Dutch West India Company was particularly concerned about the trade in furs conducted by the Swedes with the Lenape and Susquehannock which had the potential to undermine the Dutch trade with the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)</a>. The Swedes, however, were often hampered by a shortage of trade goods caused by the infrequent arrival of supply ships from Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-Ward_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ward-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1651, the Director-General of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant, marched overland with 120 soldiers to Fort Nassau while several armed ships sailed from <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a> to the Delaware River. Stuyvesant took no direct action against the Swedes, but ordered Fort Nassau dismantled and a new fort constructed on the west side of the river a few miles south of Fort Christina.<sup id="cite_ref-Ward_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ward-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon his arrival in New Sweden in May 1654, newly appointed Governor <a href="/wiki/Johan_Risingh" title="Johan Risingh">Johan Risingh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Casimir" title="Capture of Fort Casimir">seized Fort Casimir</a> from the Dutch and renamed it Fort Trefaldighet (Trinity). In response the Dutch West India Company ordered Stuyvesant to "drive" the Swedes from the river.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_conquest">The conquest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conquest_of_New_Sweden&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The conquest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Preparations for the invasion of New Sweden began in New Amsterdam in August 1655. Although Stuyvesant attempted to keep news of the planned assault from reaching New Sweden, the Lenape soon informed Risingh of the Dutch plans. Risingh ordered Fort Trinity and Fort Christian strengthened.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 26, 1655, Stuyvesant and an expedition consisting of seven ships and 317 soldiers departed New Amsterdam. Stuyvesant landed his soldiers on the west side of the Delaware between Fort Trefaldighet and Fort Christina on August 31. A contingent of 50 soldiers was dispatched to block the road between the two forts, cutting off communication between them. Faced with the overwhelming Dutch force, Lieutenant Sven Skute, the Swedish commander of Fort Trefaldighet, surrendered the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-Gehring_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gehring-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The common soldiers were brought aboard the Dutch ships and sent to New Amsterdam a few days later, while the officers were held under guard at the fort.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Risingh dispatched Hendrick von Elswick, the Swedish factor at Fort Christina, to meet with Stuyvesant and discover his intentions. When Stuyvesant told him that his goal was the conquest of New Sweden, Elswick replied in Latin: "Hodie mihi, cras tibi" (Today me, tomorrow you). Elswick's retort would prove prophetic when nine years later Stuyvesant surrendered New Amsterdam to the English.<sup id="cite_ref-Gehring_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gehring-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dutch proceeded upriver to Fort Christina which they invested on September 5. During the siege, farms in the vicinity of the fort were plundered and burned.<sup id="cite_ref-Ward_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ward-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a letter to Stuyvesant several weeks later, Risingh wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The women were, sometimes with violence, torn from their houses; buildings dismantled and hauled away; oxen, cows, pigs and other animals slaughtered daily in large numbers; even the horses were not spared but wantonly shot.<sup id="cite_ref-Delaware_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delaware-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The garrison of Fort Christina was vastly outnumbered, and suffered from poor morale and a lack of gunpowder. Risingh capitulated without firing a shot on September 15, 1655.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conquest_of_New_Sweden&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the terms of the surrender, those colonists who wished to return to Sweden were permitted to do so, while those that wished to remain had to swear allegiance to the Dutch. Risingh, Elswick and 35 others departed New Sweden in early October.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At dawn on the same day that Risingh surrendered, several hundred Lenape occupied New Amsterdam in what is known as the <a href="/wiki/Peach_War" title="Peach War">Peach War</a>. After the Lenape were attacked as they prepared to depart that evening, they retaliated by raiding <a href="/wiki/Pavonia,_New_Netherland" title="Pavonia, New Netherland">Pavonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>, killing 40 and taking 100 mostly women and children captive.<sup id="cite_ref-Trelease_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trelease-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Stuyvesant's soldiers learned about the attacks, they retaliated against the Swedish colonists, accusing them of inciting the Lenape.<sup id="cite_ref-Gehring_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gehring-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his letter Risingh wrote "your people have ravaged us as if they were in the country of their archenemy."<sup id="cite_ref-Delaware_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delaware-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Swedish supply ship, <i>Mercurius</i>, carrying over 100 colonists and much needed supplies sailed into <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Bay" title="Delaware Bay">Delaware Bay</a> in April 1656, unaware that New Sweden had been conquered. Although the Dutch ordered the ship to proceed to New Amsterdam, the colonists and supplies were surreptitiously offloaded at New Gothenburg.<sup id="cite_ref-Gehring_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gehring-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Swedish government protested the annexation of New Sweden but did not attempt to regain the colony.<sup id="cite_ref-Fur_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fur-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Sweden was incorporated into New Netherland and reorganized into three districts: New Amstel (present-day <a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle, Delaware</a>), Hoornkill (present-day <a href="/wiki/Lewes,_Delaware" title="Lewes, Delaware">Lewes, Delaware</a>), and Christina (present-day <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington, Delaware</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1664, the British seized control of New Netherland, however, the Swedes in the Delaware River region maintained their distinct Swedish identity well into the eighteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-Fur_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fur-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conquest_of_New_Sweden&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCovart2016" class="citation web cs1">Covart, Elizabeth (September 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libraries.psu.edu/about/collections/unearthing-past-student-research-pennsylvania-history/new-sweden-brief-history">"New Sweden: A Brief History"</a>. Penn State University Libraries<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Sweden%3A+A+Brief+History&rft.pub=Penn+State+University+Libraries&rft.date=2016-09-16&rft.aulast=Covart&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibraries.psu.edu%2Fabout%2Fcollections%2Funearthing-past-student-research-pennsylvania-history%2Fnew-sweden-brief-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConquest+of+New+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ward-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ward_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ward_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ward_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard1930" class="citation book cs1">Ward, Christopher (1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archivesfiles.delaware.gov/ebooks/The_Dutch_and_Swedes_on_the_Delaware_1609_64.pdf"><i>The Dutch & Swedes on the Delaware, 1609–64</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dutch+%26+Swedes+on+the+Delaware%2C+1609%E2%80%9364&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1930&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchivesfiles.delaware.gov%2Febooks%2FThe_Dutch_and_Swedes_on_the_Delaware_1609_64.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConquest+of+New+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGehring2003" class="citation book cs1">Gehring, Charles T., ed. (2003). <i>Correspondence, 1654–1658, New Netherland Documents Series</i>. Vol. 12. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Correspondence%2C+1654%E2%80%931658%2C+New+Netherland+Documents+Series&rft.place=Syracuse%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConquest+of+New+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1911" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Amandus (1911). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/swedishsettlem02john"><i>The Swedish Settlements on the Delaware, 1638-1664</i></a></span>. Vol. 2. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Dutch Colonial Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Swedish+Settlements+on+the+Delaware%2C+1638-1664&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Dutch+Colonial+Society&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Amandus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fswedishsettlem02john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConquest+of+New+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gehring-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gehring_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gehring_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gehring_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gehring_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGehring1995" class="citation book cs1">Gehring, Charles T. (1995). "<i>Hodi Mihi, Cras Tibi</i>: Swedish-Dutch Relations in the Delaware Valley". In Hoffecker, Carol E.; et al. (eds.). <i>New Sweden in America</i>. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">69–</span>85.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hodi+Mihi%2C+Cras+Tibi%3A+Swedish-Dutch+Relations+in+the+Delaware+Valley&rft.btitle=New+Sweden+in+America&rft.place=Newark%2C+Delaware&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E69-%3C%2Fspan%3E85&rft.pub=University+of+Delaware+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Gehring&rft.aufirst=Charles+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConquest+of+New+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Delaware-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Delaware_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Delaware_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGehring1981" class="citation book cs1">Gehring, Charles T., ed. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/application/files/9016/8372/4476/Volumes_XVIII__XIX_-_Delaware_Papers_Dutch_Period_1648-1664.pdf"><i>New York Historical Manuscripts: Delaware Papers 1648-1664</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. p. 44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+Historical+Manuscripts%3A+Delaware+Papers+1648-1664&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Genealogical+Publishing+Co.%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newnetherlandinstitute.org%2Fapplication%2Ffiles%2F9016%2F8372%2F4476%2FVolumes_XVIII__XIX_-_Delaware_Papers_Dutch_Period_1648-1664.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConquest+of+New+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trelease-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trelease_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrelease1960" class="citation book cs1">Trelease, Allan W. (1960). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indianaffairsinc0000alle"><i>Indian Affairs in Colonial New York: The Seventeenth Century</i></a></span>. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Affairs+in+Colonial+New+York%3A+The+Seventeenth+Century&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Trelease&rft.aufirst=Allan+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findianaffairsinc0000alle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConquest+of+New+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fur-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fur_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fur_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFur2006" class="citation book cs1">Fur, Gunlog Maria (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/colonialisminmar0000furg"><i>Colonialism in the Margins: Cultural Encounters in New Sweden and Lapland</i></a></span>. Boston, Massachusetts: Brill Academic Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004153165" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004153165"><bdi>978-9004153165</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonialism+in+the+Margins%3A+Cultural+Encounters+in+New+Sweden+and+Lapland&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-9004153165&rft.aulast=Fur&rft.aufirst=Gunlog+Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolonialisminmar0000furg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConquest+of+New+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conquest_of_New_Sweden&oldid=1271903736">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conquest_of_New_Sweden&oldid=1271903736</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Northern_War_of_1655%E2%80%931660" title="Category:Northern War of 1655–1660">Northern War of 1655–1660</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_Sweden" title="Category:Battles involving Sweden">Battles involving Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1655" title="Category:Conflicts in 1655">Conflicts in 1655</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sieges_involving_the_Dutch_Republic" title="Category:Sieges involving the Dutch Republic">Sieges involving the Dutch Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Dutch_Republic" title="Category:Battles involving the Dutch Republic">Battles involving the Dutch Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1655_in_North_America" title="Category:1655 in North America">1655 in North America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Netherland" title="Category:New Netherland">New Netherland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Native_American_history_of_New_Jersey" title="Category:Native American history of New Jersey">Native American history of New Jersey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Sweden" title="Category:New Sweden">New Sweden</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from July 2023">Use mdy dates from July 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 January 2025, at 08:08<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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