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class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sl.wikipedia.org&uselang=sl" class=""><span>Denarni prispevki</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Registracija&returnto=Akcijski+potencial" title="Predlagamo vam, da si ustvarite račun in se prijavite, vendar to ni obvezno." class=""><span>Ustvari račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&returnto=Akcijski+potencial" title="Prijava je zaželena, vendar ni obvezna [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijava</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Več možnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osebna orodja" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osebna orodja</span> </label> <div 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title="Prijava je zaželena, vendar ni obvezna [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Prijava</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strani za neprijavljene urejevalce <a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Uvod" aria-label="Več o urejanju"><span>več o tem</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojiPrispevki" title="Seznam urejanj s tega IP-naslova [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Prispevki</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojPogovor" title="Pogovor o urejanjih s tega IP-naslova [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pogovorna stran</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Vsebina" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vsebina</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Uvod</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Potek_spreminjanja_potenciala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potek_spreminjanja_potenciala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Potek spreminjanja potenciala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potek_spreminjanja_potenciala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neodzivna_doba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neodzivna_doba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Neodzivna doba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neodzivna_doba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Vsebina" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vklopi kazalo vsebine" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vklopi kazalo vsebine</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Akcijski potencial</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="P9jdi na članek v drugem jeziku. Na voljo v 61 jezikih." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 jezikov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksiepotensiaal" title="Aksiepotensiaal – afrikanščina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aksiepotensiaal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%84" title="جهد الفعل – arabščina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جهد الفعل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencial_d%27aici%C3%B3n" title="Potencial d'aición – asturijščina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Potencial d'aición" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%99aliyy%C9%99t_potensial%C4%B1" title="Fəaliyyət potensialı – azerbajdžanščina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fəaliyyət potensialı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Нервен импулс – bolgarščina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нервен импулс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="ལས་འཇུག་ནུས་པ། – tibetanščina" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལས་འཇུག་ནུས་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akcijski_potencijal" title="Akcijski potencijal – bosanščina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Akcijski potencijal" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencial_d%27acci%C3%B3" title="Potencial d'acció – katalonščina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Potencial d'acció" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%B5%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="پۆتەنشڵی کار – osrednja kurdščina" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پۆتەنشڵی کار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="osrednja kurdščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_potenci%C3%A1l" title="Akční potenciál – češčina" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Akční potenciál" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktionspotential" title="Aktionspotential – danščina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aktionspotential" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktionspotential" title="Aktionspotential – nemščina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aktionspotential" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Δυναμικό ενέργειας – grščina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυναμικό ενέργειας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential" title="Action potential – angleščina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Action potential" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angleščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencial_de_acci%C3%B3n" title="Potencial de acción – španščina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Potencial de acción" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4rviimpulss" title="Närviimpulss – estonščina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Närviimpulss" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izbrani članek"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekintza_potentzial" title="Ekintza potentzial – baskovščina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekintza potentzial" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskovščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84" title="پتانسیل عمل – perzijščina" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پتانسیل عمل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toimintapotentiaali" title="Toimintapotentiaali – finščina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Toimintapotentiaali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiel_d%27action" title="Potentiel d'action – francoščina" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Potentiel d'action" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francoščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poit%C3%A9inseal_gn%C3%ADomhaithe" title="Poitéinseal gníomhaithe – irščina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Poitéinseal gníomhaithe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulso_nervioso" title="Impulso nervioso – galicijščina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Impulso nervioso" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE_%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="સક્રિય કલા વીજસ્થિતિમાન – gudžaratščina" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સક્રિય કલા વીજસ્થિતિમાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžaratščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%97%D7%A3_%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99" title="דחף עצבי – hebrejščina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דחף עצבי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5" title="क्रिया विभव – hindijščina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्रिया विभव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inger%C3%BClet" title="Ingerület – madžarščina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ingerület" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="madžarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Գործողության պոտենցիալ – armenščina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գործողության պոտենցիալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potensial_aksi" title="Potensial aksi – indonezijščina" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Potensial aksi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C3%B0spenna" title="Boðspenna – islandščina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Boðspenna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potenziale_d%27azione" title="Potenziale d'azione – italijanščina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Potenziale d'azione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E9%9B%BB%E4%BD%8D" title="活動電位 – japonščina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="活動電位" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მოქმედების პოტენციალი – gruzijščina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოქმედების პოტენციალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B2_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%B5(%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B2)" title="ಕ್ರಿಯಾಶೀಲ ವಿಭವ(ಶಕ್ತಿಮೂಲ) – kanareščina" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ರಿಯಾಶೀಲ ವಿಭವ(ಶಕ್ತಿಮೂಲ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanareščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%9C%EB%8F%99%EC%A0%84%EC%9C%84" title="활동전위 – korejščina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="활동전위" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erk%C3%AA_kar" title="Erkê kar – kurdščina" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Erkê kar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%83" title="Нерв импульсу – kirgiščina" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нерв импульсу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darb%C4%ABbas_potenci%C4%81ls" title="Darbības potenciāls – latvijščina" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Darbības potenciāls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Дејствен потенцијал – makedonščina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дејствен потенцијал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keupayaan_tindakan" title="Keupayaan tindakan – malajščina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keupayaan tindakan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2" title="एक्सन पोटेन्सियल – nevarščina" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एक्सन पोटेन्सियल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actiepotentiaal" title="Actiepotentiaal – nizozemščina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Actiepotentiaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencja%C5%82_czynno%C5%9Bciowy" title="Potencjał czynnościowy – poljščina" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Potencjał czynnościowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%93%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%90%DA%A9" title="کړنی سېک – paštunščina" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کړنی سېک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencial_de_a%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Potencial de ação – portugalščina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Potencial de ação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poten%C8%9Bial_de_ac%C8%9Biune" title="Potențial de acțiune – 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sl" dir="ltr"><p><b>Akcijski potencial</b> je kratkotrajen prehoden preobrat <a href="/wiki/Membranski_potencial" title="Membranski potencial">membranskega potenciala</a> <a href="/wiki/Vzdra%C5%BEnost" title="Vzdražnost">vzdražne</a> <a href="/wiki/Celica" title="Celica">celice</a>. Dražljaj povzroči <a href="/w/index.php?title=Depolarizacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Depolarizacija (stran ne obstaja)">depolarizacijo</a> membrane, zaradi česar se spremeni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirovni_membranski_potencial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirovni membranski potencial (stran ne obstaja)">mirovni membranski potencial</a> preko membrane. Zmožnost celice, da sproži akcijski potencial, je osnovna lastnost vzdražnih celic (<a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiv%C4%8Dna_celica" class="mw-redirect" title="Živčna celica">živčne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mi%C5%A1i%C4%8Dna_celica" title="Mišična celica">mišične celice</a>), ki omogoča prenos impulza po živčnih celicah ter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontrakcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontrakcija (stran ne obstaja)">kontrakcijo</a> mišičja. </p><p>Vzrok za pojav akcijskega potenciala je sprememba prepustnosti membrane za posamezne <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ione</a>. Dražljaj povzroči odpiranje in zapiranje ustreznih <a href="/wiki/Ionski_kanal%C4%8Dek" title="Ionski kanalček">ionskih kanalčkov</a>, kar omogoči pretok ionov in spremembo membranskega potenciala. Da se akcijski potencial sproži, se mora membrana depolarizirati do določene pragovne vrednosti. Oblika in velikost akcijskega potenciala je za določeno celico značilna; akcijski potencial je torej neodvisen od jakosti in trajanja dražljaja; pomembno je le, da se membrana depolarizira do pragovne vrednosti. Ker je akcijski potencial neke celice vedno enak, pravimo da gre za odgovor <i>vse ali nič</i> - če je dražljaj pod pragom, se akcijski potencial ne pojavi, ko pa se doseže prag, se sproži akcijski potencial, ki je vedno enake oblike in velikosti. Spreminja se le <a href="/wiki/Frekvenca" title="Frekvenca">frekvenca</a> proženja akcijskih potencialov in zatorej se informacija kodira s frekvenco proženja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Potek_spreminjanja_potenciala">Potek spreminjanja potenciala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akcijski_potencial&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi razdelek: Potek spreminjanja potenciala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akcijski_potencial&action=edit&section=1" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Potek spreminjanja potenciala"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Večina celic izkazuje preko membrane <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_napetost" title="Električna napetost">napetostno</a> razliko, ki je prisotna zaradi različne razporeditve ionov na obeh straneh membrane. Nevzburjene celice imajo preko membrane potencialno razliko, ki jo imenujemo <i>mirovni membranski potencial</i> in je v povprečju med −90 in −75 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">mV</a>. Dražljaj, ki doseže določeno mesto na membrani, spremeni prepustnost membrane za ione in membranski potencial se posledično spremeni. </p><p>na Slovenskemtanku akcijskega potenciala razlikujemo 4 faze: </p> <ol><li><b>Začetna faza</b>: Membrana se čedalje bolj depolarizira (membranski potencial postaja manj negativen) in ko depolarizacija doseže pragovno vrednost, ki je okoli −50 mV, se sproži akcijski potencial. Dražljaj, ki povzroči depolarizacijo je lahko motnja potenciala, ki se širi po membrani ali pa odpiranje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrijev_kanal%C4%8Dek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrijev kanalček (stran ne obstaja)">natrijevih kanalčkov</a> v <a href="/wiki/Kemi%C4%8Dna_sinapsa" title="Kemična sinapsa">kemični sinapsi</a>.</li> <li><b>Faza hitre depolarizacije</b>: Ko se doseže pragovna vrednost, se membrana hipoma nadalje depolarizira in membranski potencial postane celo pozitiven, doseže vrednost 40 mV. Med hitro depolarizacijo se odprejo natrijevi kanalčki in vdor natrijevih ionov povzroči strmo naraščanje potenciala proti pozitivni vrednosti.</li> <li><b>Faza repolarizacije</b>: Kmalu po strmi depolarizaciji se membranski potencial začne vračati proti prvotni vrednosti. Natrijevi kanalčki se namreč v tej fazi zapirajo, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalijev_kanal%C4%8Dek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalijev kanalček (stran ne obstaja)">kalijevi kanalčki</a>, ki so se začeli odpirati kasneje, pa so v tej fazi v odprti. Izplavljanje <a href="/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij">kalijevih</a> ionov povzroči vnovično padanje membranskega potenciala proti začetni negativni vrednosti.</li> <li><b>Faza hiperpolarizacije</b>: Preden se membranski potencial dokončno ustali na začetni vrednosti mirovnega membranskega potenciala je za nekaj časa celo bolj negativen kot na začetku. V tej fazi so vsi natrijevi kanalčki že zaprti, določen delež kalijevih pa je še vedno odprtih - iztok kalijevih ionov povzroči nadaljnjo padanje potenciala. Šele ko se zaprejo tudi vsi kalijevi kanalčki, se membranski potencial ustali pri vrednosti mirovnega membranskega potenciala.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neodzivna_doba">Neodzivna doba</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akcijski_potencial&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi razdelek: Neodzivna doba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akcijski_potencial&action=edit&section=2" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Neodzivna doba"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Neodzivna</b> ali <b>refraktarna doba</b> je čas po sprožitvi akcijskega potenciala, ko nov dražljaj ne more sprožiti novega akcijskega potenciala ali pa je potreben dražljaj večje jakosti. Do sredine faze repolarizacije (okoli 0,5 ms) se naslednji akcijski potencial ne sproži ne glede na jakost novega dražljaja – ta čas se imenuje <i>absolutna refraktarna doba</i>. Nato sledi perioda, ki traja do konca repolarizacije (okoli 3,5 ms), ko je za sprožitev novega akcijskega potenciala potreben dražljaj večje jakosti. To periodo imenujemo <i>relativna refraktarna doba</i>. </p><p>Refraktarna doba je posledica inaktiviranosti natrijevih kanalčov; po odprtju natrijevega kanalčka in ponovnem zaprtju je le-ta nekaj časa nezmožen ponovnega odprtja. V času absolutne neodzivne dobe je inaktiviranih preveč kanalčkov, da bi lahko nov dražljaj odprl kritično število kanalčkov, da bi se membrana depolarizirala do pragovne vrednosti. Med relativno refraktarno dobo je sicer dovolj natrijevih kanalčkov zopet aktivnih, vendar so nekateri še vedno inaktivirani - zato je potreben močnejši dražljaj, da se odpre dovoljšnje število kanalčkov. </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Normativna_kontrola" title="Wikipedija:Normativna kontrola">Normativna kontrola: Narodne knjižnice</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194277#identifiers" title="Uredite to na Wikipodatkih"><img alt="Uredite to na Wikipodatkih" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb145715657">Francija</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb145715657">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4141745-8">Nemčija</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007293851905171">Izrael</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85000721">ZDA</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pridobljeno iz »<a dir="ltr" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akcijski_potencial&oldid=6241855">https://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akcijski_potencial&oldid=6241855</a>«</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Elektrofiziologija" title="Kategorija:Elektrofiziologija">Elektrofiziologija</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Kardiologija" title="Kategorija:Kardiologija">Kardiologija</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Nevrofiziologija" title="Kategorija:Nevrofiziologija">Nevrofiziologija</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skrite kategorije: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Wikipedijini_%C4%8Dlanki_z_identifikatorji_BNF" title="Kategorija:Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji BNF">Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Wikipedijini_%C4%8Dlanki_z_identifikatorji_GND" title="Kategorija:Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji GND">Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Wikipedijini_%C4%8Dlanki_z_identifikatorji_J9U" title="Kategorija:Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji J9U">Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Wikipedijini_%C4%8Dlanki_z_identifikatorji_LCCN" title="Kategorija:Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji LCCN">Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji LCCN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Čas zadnje spremembe strani: 18:07, 8. julij 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Besedilo se sme prosto uporabljati v skladu z dovoljenjem <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva-Deljenje pod enakimi pogoji 4.0</a>; uveljavljajo se lahko dodatni pogoji. 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