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class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Historical population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_metropolitan_areas_and_settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_metropolitan_areas_and_settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Major metropolitan areas and settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_metropolitan_areas_and_settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Immigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fertility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fertility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Fertility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fertility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Road system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Railway system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Public transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military,_police_and_security_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military,_police_and_security_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Military, police and security forces</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Military,_police_and_security_forces-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Military, police and security forces subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Military,_police_and_security_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-French_Armed_Forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_Armed_Forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>French Armed Forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_Armed_Forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gendarmerie_and_National_Police" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gendarmerie_and_National_Police"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Gendarmerie and National Police</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gendarmerie_and_National_Police-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Festivities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Football</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Tour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">French Guiana</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 173 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-173" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">173 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_Peurancih" title="Guyana Peurancih – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Guyana Peurancih" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Фрэндж Гуианэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Фрэндж Гуианэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans-Guyana" title="Frans-Guyana – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Frans-Guyana" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sisch-Guayana" title="Französisch-Guayana – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Französisch-Guayana" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8A%E1%8B%AB%E1%8A%95" title="ጊያን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጊያን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranska_Guayana" title="Ranska Guayana – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ranska Guayana" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frencisc_Guiana" title="Frencisc Guiana – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Frencisc Guiana" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="غويانا الفرنسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غويانا الفرنسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guayana_Francesa" title="Guayana Francesa – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Guayana Francesa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Ֆրանսական Կիանա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ֆրանսական Կիանա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiyana" title="Guiyana – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Guiyana" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_Francesa" title="Guyana Francesa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guyana Francesa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="फ़्रान्सीसी गुयाना – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="फ़्रान्सीसी गुयाना" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaj%C3%A1na_Hy%C3%A3siagua" title="Guajána Hyãsiagua – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Guajána Hyãsiagua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyane" title="Guyane – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Guyane" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa_Qvianas%C4%B1" title="Fransa Qvianası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransa Qvianası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="قویان فرانسه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قویان فرانسه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="ফরাসি গায়ানা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফরাসি গায়ানা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-kok_l%C3%A9ng_Guiana" title="Hoat-kok léng Guiana – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-kok léng Guiana" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_Perancis" title="Guyana Perancis – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Guyana Perancis" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Французская Гвіяна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Французская Гвіяна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Француская Гвіяна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Француская Гвіяна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रेंच गयाना – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फ्रेंच गयाना" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyanang_Pranses" title="Guyanang Pranses – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Guyanang Pranses" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Френска Гвиана – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Френска Гвиана" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska_Gvajana" title="Francuska Gvajana – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Francuska Gvajana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwiana_c%27hall" title="Gwiana c'hall – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwiana c'hall" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaiana_Francesa" title="Guaiana Francesa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guaiana Francesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyane" title="Guyane – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Guyane" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francouzsk%C3%A1_Guyana" title="Francouzská Guyana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francouzská Guyana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="French Guiana" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyane" title="Guyane – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Guyane" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk_Guyana" title="Fransk Guyana – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fransk Guyana" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriikka_Guayana" title="Frankriikka Guayana – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Frankriikka Guayana" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sisch-Guayana" title="Französisch-Guayana – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Französisch-Guayana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%AD%DE%90%DE%A8_%DE%8E%DE%A9%DE%82%DE%A7" title="ފަރަންސޭސި ގީނާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފަރަންސޭސި ގީނާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francojska_Guyana" title="Francojska Guyana – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Francojska Guyana" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsuse_Guajaana" title="Prantsuse Guajaana – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsuse Guajaana" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Γαλλική Γουιάνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλλική Γουιάνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guayana_Francesa" title="Guayana Francesa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guayana Francesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_Gujano" title="Franca Gujano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Franca Gujano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guayana_Francesa" title="Guayana Francesa – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Guayana Francesa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_Frantsesa" title="Guyana Frantsesa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Guyana Frantsesa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="گویان فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گویان فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="French Guiana" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franska_Gujana" title="Franska Gujana – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Franska Gujana" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyane" title="Guyane – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guyane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A2nsk-Guyana" title="Frânsk-Guyana – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Frânsk-Guyana" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A1in_na_Fraince" title="Guáin na Fraince – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Guáin na Fraince" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C8%9Buz_Gayanas%C4%B1" title="Franțuz Gayanası – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Franțuz Gayanası" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiana_Fhrangach" title="Guiana Fhrangach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Guiana Fhrangach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCiana_Francesa" title="Güiana Francesa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Güiana Francesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Guyana" title="French Guyana – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="French Guyana" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B5%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0_%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA" title="𐌵𐌰𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌺 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌵𐌰𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍃𐌺" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fap-koet_li%C3%A2ng_Guiana" title="Fap-koet liâng Guiana – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fap-koet liâng Guiana" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4%EB%A0%B9_%EA%B8%B0%EC%95%84%EB%82%98" title="프랑스령 기아나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스령 기아나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B3%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Ֆրանսիական Գվիանա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսիական Գվիանա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रांसीसी गुयाना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ्रांसीसी गुयाना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francoska_Guayana" title="Francoska Guayana – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Francoska Guayana" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska_Gijana" title="Francuska Gijana – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Francuska Gijana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_Guyana" title="Franca Guyana – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Franca Guyana" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="ফ্যাঞ্চ গায়ানা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ফ্যাঞ্চ গায়ানা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_Prancis" title="Guyana Prancis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Guyana Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesi_Guyana" title="Francesi Guyana – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Francesi Guyana" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%C3%A6" title="Францы Гвианæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Францы Гвианæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franska_Gv%C3%A6jana" title="Franska Gvæjana – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Franska Gvæjana" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_francese" title="Guyana francese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guyana francese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="גיאנה הצרפתית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיאנה הצרפתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_Prancis" title="Guyana Prancis – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Guyana Prancis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಗಯಾನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಗಯಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="საფრანგეთის გვიანა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საფრანგეთის გვიანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Француз Гвианасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Француз Гвианасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwayana_Frynkek" title="Gwayana Frynkek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gwayana Frynkek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyane_Nyamfaransa" title="Guyane Nyamfaransa – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Guyane Nyamfaransa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyani_ya_Kifaransa" title="Guyani ya Kifaransa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Guyani ya Kifaransa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyane" title="Guyane – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Guyane" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giy%C3%A0n_franse" title="Giyàn franse – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Giyàn franse" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagwiyann" title="Lagwiyann – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lagwiyann" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyanaya_Frans%C3%AE" title="Guyanaya Fransî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Guyanaya Fransî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гвиана – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гвиана" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Франци Гвиана – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Франци Гвиана" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87" title="ກຸຍຢານຝຣັ່ງ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກຸຍຢານຝຣັ່ງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%86c%C4%AB%C5%A1u_Gvi%C4%81na" title="Praņcīšu Gviāna – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Praņcīšu Gviāna" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiana_Francica" title="Guiana Francica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Guiana Francica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvi%C4%81na" title="Gviāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gviāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyane" title="Guyane – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Guyane" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Франциядин Гвиана – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Франциядин Гвиана" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABzijos_Gviana" title="Prancūzijos Gviana – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prancūzijos Gviana" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_Fran%C3%A7%C3%A8ize" title="Guyana Françèize – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Guyana Françèize" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Guyana" title="Frans Guyana – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Frans Guyana" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guian_Franses" title="Guian Franses – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Guian Franses" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujana_Francesa" title="Gujana Francesa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gujana Francesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia_Guyana" title="Francia Guyana – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francia Guyana" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Француска Гвајана – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Француска Гвајана" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goiana_Frantsay" title="Goiana Frantsay – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Goiana Frantsay" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8" title="ഫ്രഞ്ച് ഗയാന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രഞ്ച് ഗയാന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiana_o_W%C4%ABw%C4%AB" title="Kiana o Wīwī – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kiana o Wīwī" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रेंच गयाना – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रेंच गयाना" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="საფრანგეთიშ გვიანა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="საფრანგეთიშ გვიანა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%87" title="جيانا الفرنساويه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيانا الفرنساويه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiana_Perancis" title="Guiana Perancis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Guiana Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1k-gu%C3%B3k_li%C4%81ng_Guiana" title="Huák-guók liāng Guiana – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huák-guók liāng Guiana" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Францын Гвиана – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Францын Гвиана" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans-Guyana" title="Frans-Guyana – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frans-Guyana" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रान्सेली गुयना – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फ्रान्सेली गुयना" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E9%A0%98%E3%82%AE%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8A" title="フランス領ギアナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス領ギアナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_Frangesa" title="Guyana Frangesa – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Guyana Frangesa" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Французийн Гвиана – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Французийн Гвиана" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%B6%C3%B6sk_Guayaana" title="Fransöösk Guayaana – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fransöösk Guayaana" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk_Guyana" title="Fransk Guyana – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fransk Guyana" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk_Guyana" title="Fransk Guyana – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fransk Guyana" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransi_Giyana" title="Fransi Giyana – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Fransi Giyana" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaiana" title="Guaiana – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Guaiana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Француз Гвиана – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Француз Гвиана" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireenchi_Giyaanaa" title="Fireenchi Giyaanaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Fireenchi Giyaanaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransiya_Gvianasi" title="Fransiya Gvianasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fransiya Gvianasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ ਗੁਈਆਨਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ ਗੁਈਆਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="فرانسیسی گیانا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانسیسی گیانا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_Franses" title="Guyana Franses – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Guyana Franses" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A_%DA%AB%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="فرانسوي ګيانا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فرانسوي ګيانا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Gayana" title="French Gayana – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="French Gayana" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyane" title="Guyane – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Guyane" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujan-a_Frans%C3%A8isa" title="Gujan-a Fransèisa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gujan-a Fransèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6%C3%B6sch-Guayana" title="Franzöösch-Guayana – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Franzöösch-Guayana" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujana_Francuska" title="Gujana Francuska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gujana Francuska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiana_Francesa" title="Guiana Francesa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guiana Francesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gviana" title="Gviana – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Gviana" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_Francez%C4%83" title="Guyana Franceză – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Guyana Franceză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransis_Wayana" title="Ransis Wayana – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ransis Wayana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Гвиана (департамент Франции) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гвиана (департамент Франции)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Француз Гуианата – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Француз Гуианата" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farani_Guiana" title="Farani Guiana – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Farani Guiana" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujana_Frantzesa" title="Gujana Frantzesa – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Gujana Frantzesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="French Guiana" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frants%C3%B6%C3%B6sk-Guayana" title="Frantsöösk-Guayana – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Frantsöösk-Guayana" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guajana_Franceze" title="Guajana Franceze – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Guajana Franceze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_francisi" title="Guyana francisi – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Guyana francisi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="French Guiana" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%BAzska_Guyana" title="Francúzska Guyana – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Francúzska Guyana" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francoska_Gvajana" title="Francoska Gvajana – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francoska Gvajana" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransiis_Guyana" title="Faransiis Guyana – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Faransiis Guyana" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="گویانای فەڕەنسی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گویانای فەڕەنسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans-Kayanakondre" title="Frans-Kayanakondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Frans-Kayanakondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Француска Гвајана – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Француска Гвајана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska_Gijana" title="Francuska Gijana – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francuska Gijana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_Perancis" title="Guyana Perancis – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Guyana Perancis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskan_Guayana" title="Ranskan Guayana – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranskan Guayana" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franska_Guyana" title="Franska Guyana – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Franska Guyana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="French Guiana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE" title="பிரெஞ்சு கயானா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரெஞ்சு கயானா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Француз Гвианасы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Француз Гвианасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AF%E1%81%BA%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%87_%E1%81%B6%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%81%BE%E1%80%9B%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B5%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ၵုၺ်ႇယႃႇၼႃႇ ၶွင် ၾရၢင်ႇသဵတ်ႈ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၵုၺ်ႇယႃႇၼႃႇ ၶွင် ၾရၢင်ႇသဵတ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="เฟรนช์เกียนา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฟรนช์เกียนา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiana_fakafalanis%C4%93" title="Kuiana fakafalanisē – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kuiana fakafalanisē" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C4%B1z_Guyanas%C4%B1" title="Fransız Guyanası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransız Guyanası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Гвиана (Франция) – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Гвиана (Франция)" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Французька Гвіана – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Французька Гвіана" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="فرانسیسی گیانا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانسیسی گیانا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%DA%AF%DB%95_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82_%DA%AF%DB%8B%D9%89%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="فرانسىيىگە قاراشلىق گۋىئانا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="فرانسىيىگە قاراشلىق گۋىئانا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_Franseza" title="Guyana Franseza – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Guyana Franseza" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyane_thu%E1%BB%99c_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Guyane thuộc Pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Guyane thuộc Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvay%C3%A4n_Frans%C3%A4nik" title="Gvayän Fransänik – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Gvayän Fransänik" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans-Guyana" title="Frans-Guyana – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Frans-Guyana" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyane" title="Guyane – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Guyane" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyaana_gu_Faraas" title="Guyaana gu Faraas – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Guyaana gu Faraas" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3" title="法属圭亚那 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法属圭亚那" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A2" title="פראנצויזישע גיאנע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פראנצויזישע גיאנע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B9y%C3%A1n%C3%A0_Fr%C3%A1ns%C3%AC" title="Gùyánà Fránsì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gùyánà Fránsì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9E%E9%82%A3" title="法屬圭亞那 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法屬圭亞那" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyanay_Fransa" title="Guyanay Fransa – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Guyanay Fransa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Huyana" title="Frans Huyana – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Frans Huyana" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABz%C4%97j%C4%97s_Gviana" title="Prancūzėjės Gviana – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Prancūzėjės Gviana" 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system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=French_Guiana&params=3.9339_N_53.1258_W_type:city(295385)_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°56′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">53°07′33″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.9339°N 53.1258°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">3.9339; -53.1258</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_in_French_Guiana&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet in French Guiana">Internet in French Guiana</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overseas department and region of France in South America</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">The Guianas</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Guinea" title="French Guinea">French Guinea</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Guyenne" title="Guyenne">Guyenne</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup_rewrite plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/80px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may need to be rewritten</b> to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit">You can help</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Talk:French_Guiana" title="Talk:French Guiana">talk page</a> may contain suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">French Guiana</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Guyane</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span><br /><span title="Guianese Creole French-language text"><i lang="gcr">Lagwiyann</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Guianese_Creole_French_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Guianese Creole French language">Guianese Creole French</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas department, region</a> and <a href="/wiki/Single_territorial_collectivity" title="Single territorial collectivity">single territorial collectivity</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special_territories_of_members_of_the_European_Economic_Area#Outermost_Regions" title="Special territories of members of the European Economic Area">outermost region</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Territorial Collectivity of French Guiana<br /><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Collectivité territoriale de Guyane</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana,_according_to_the_original_displayed_at_the_Museum_Franconie,_at_Cayenne.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of French Guiana"><img alt="Official seal of French Guiana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana%2C_according_to_the_original_displayed_at_the_Museum_Franconie%2C_at_Cayenne.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana%2C_according_to_the_original_displayed_at_the_Museum_Franconie%2C_at_Cayenne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana%2C_according_to_the_original_displayed_at_the_Museum_Franconie%2C_at_Cayenne.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana%2C_according_to_the_original_displayed_at_the_Museum_Franconie%2C_at_Cayenne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana%2C_according_to_the_original_displayed_at_the_Museum_Franconie%2C_at_Cayenne.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana%2C_according_to_the_original_displayed_at_the_Museum_Franconie%2C_at_Cayenne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="324" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana" title="Coat of arms of French Guiana">Coat of arms</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LogoColectividadTerritorialDeGuyana.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of French Guiana"><img alt="Official logo of French Guiana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/LogoColectividadTerritorialDeGuyana.png/106px-LogoColectividadTerritorialDeGuyana.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/LogoColectividadTerritorialDeGuyana.png/159px-LogoColectividadTerritorialDeGuyana.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/LogoColectividadTerritorialDeGuyana.png/212px-LogoColectividadTerritorialDeGuyana.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1010" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_French_Guiana#Logo" title="Coat of arms of French Guiana">Official logo</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">"<a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%89galit%C3%A9,_Fraternit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité">Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité</a>"</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span><br />(English: <span lang="en">"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"</span>)<br /><span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fert_Aurum_Industria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fert Aurum Industria (page does not exist)">Fert Aurum Industria</a>"</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span><br />(English: <span lang="en">"Work Creates Abundance"</span>)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a></i></span><br />("The Marseillaise")<br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="80" data-mwtitle="La_Marseillaise.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/La_Marseillaise.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/La_Marseillaise.ogg/La_Marseillaise.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=am&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="am" label="አማርኛ ‪(am)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh-hk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文（香港） ‪(zh-hk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div><br /><br /><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Chant_du_d%C3%A9part" title="Chant du départ">Chant du départ</a></i></span><br />("Song of Departure")<br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="145" data-mwtitle="Song_of_the_Departure_(Chant_du_Depart).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Song_of_the_Departure_%28Chant_du_Depart%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/Song_of_the_Departure_%28Chant_du_Depart%29.ogg/Song_of_the_Departure_%28Chant_du_Depart%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASong_of_the_Departure_%28Chant_du_Depart%29.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASong_of_the_Departure_%28Chant_du_Depart%29.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ASong_of_the_Departure_%28Chant_du_Depart%29.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_Guiana_in_France_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/French_Guiana_in_France_2016.svg/250px-French_Guiana_in_France_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/French_Guiana_in_France_2016.svg/375px-French_Guiana_in_France_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/French_Guiana_in_France_2016.svg/500px-French_Guiana_in_France_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="977" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guyane_map-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of French Guiana"><img alt="Location of French Guiana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Guyane_map-en.svg/250px-Guyane_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Guyane_map-en.svg/375px-Guyane_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Guyane_map-en.svg/500px-Guyane_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1183" data-file-height="1427" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=French_Guiana&params=3.9339_N_53.1258_W_type:city(295385)_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°56′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">53°07′33″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.9339°N 53.1258°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">3.9339; -53.1258</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefecture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Departments</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 (every overseas region consists of a department in itself)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_and_departmental_heads_of_French_Guiana" title="List of colonial and departmental heads of French Guiana">Prefect</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Antoine Poussier<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_Regional_Council_of_French_Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidents of the Regional Council of French Guiana">President of the Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Serville" title="Gabriel Serville">Gabriel Serville</a> (Guyane Kontré pour avancer)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_French_Guiana" title="Assembly of French Guiana">Assembly of French Guiana</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-area_total_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area_total-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unsurface_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unsurface-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">84,000 km<sup>2</sup> (32,433 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">83,534 km<sup>2</sup> (32,253 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">466 km<sup>2</sup> (180 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">2nd region and 1st department</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(January 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-pop_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">295,385</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">3.5/km<sup>2</sup> (9.1/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(French) Guianan<br />(French) <a href="/wiki/Guianese" class="mw-redirect" title="Guianese">Guianese</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total (2022)</th><td class="infobox-data">€4.562 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€16,600</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-3:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-3:00">UTC-3:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_France" title="Time in France">GFT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:GF" title="ISO 3166-2:GF">GF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:FR" title="ISO 3166-2:FR">FR-973</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">€</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctguyane.fr/">Territorial Collectivity</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guyane.pref.gouv.fr/">Prefecture</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/250px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/375px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/500px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_French_Guiana" title="Flag of French Guiana">Unofficial Flag of French Guiana</a></b></div><br /></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>French Guiana</b><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas department and region of France</a> located on the northern coast of <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">the Guianas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>. Bordered by <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> to the east and south, French Guiana covers a total area of 84,000 km<sup>2</sup> (32,000 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-area_total_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area_total-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unsurface_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unsurface-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Land_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Land area">land area</a> of 83,534 km<sup>2</sup> (32,253 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-unsurface_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unsurface-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>As of January 2024, it is home to approximately 295,385 people. <sup id="cite_ref-pop_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cayenne_(46853854301).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cayenne_%2846853854301%29.jpg/220px-Cayenne_%2846853854301%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cayenne_%2846853854301%29.jpg/330px-Cayenne_%2846853854301%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cayenne_%2846853854301%29.jpg/440px-Cayenne_%2846853854301%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1897" data-file-height="1898" /></a><figcaption> View of <a href="/wiki/Fort_C%C3%A9p%C3%A9rou" title="Fort Cépérou">Fort Cépérou</a> Mount, Cayenne</figcaption></figure> <p>French Guiana is the second-largest region in France, being approximately one-seventh the size of Metropolitan France, and the largest <a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">outermost region</a> within the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. It has a very low population density, with only 3.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (9.3/sq mi). About half of its residents live in its capital, Cayenne. Approximately 98.9% of French Guiana is covered by forests,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> much of it <a href="/wiki/Old-growth_forest" title="Old-growth forest">primeval</a> <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">rainforest</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Amazonian_Park" title="Guiana Amazonian Park">Guiana Amazonian Park</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> covers 41% of French Guiana's territory. </p><p>Since December 2015, both the region and department have been ruled by a single assembly within the framework of a <a href="/wiki/Single_territorial_collectivity" title="Single territorial collectivity">single territorial collectivity</a>, the French Guiana Territorial Collectivity.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This assembly, the <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="French Guiana Assembly">French Guiana Assembly</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> replaced the former <a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_French_Guiana" title="Regional Council of French Guiana">regional</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_French_Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="General Council of French Guiana">departmental council</a>, which were dissolved. The French Guiana Assembly is in charge of regional and departmental government. Its president is <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Serville" title="Gabriel Serville">Gabriel Serville</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_Royale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Panorama_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_Royale.jpg/220px-Panorama_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_Royale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Panorama_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_Royale.jpg/330px-Panorama_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_Royale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Panorama_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_Royale.jpg/440px-Panorama_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_Royale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>View from <a href="/wiki/Salvation_Islands" title="Salvation Islands">Salvation Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Fully integrated in the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French Republic</a> since 1946, French Guiana is a part of the European Union, and its official currency is the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>. A large part of French Guiana's economy depends on jobs and businesses associated with the presence of the <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana Space Centre</a>, now the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>'s primary launch site near the equator. As elsewhere in France, the official language is standard French, but each ethnic community has its own language, of which <a href="/wiki/French_Guianese_Creole" title="French Guianese Creole">French Guianese Creole</a>, a French-based <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole language</a>, is the most widely spoken. French Guiana is the only territory on the continental mainland of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> that is still under the sovereignty of a <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> state. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93France_border" title="Brazil–France border">border between French Guiana and Brazil</a> is the longest land border that France shares with another country, as well as one of only two <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_France" title="Borders of France">borders</a> which France shares with non-European states, the other being the <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Suriname#Eastern_border" title="Borders of Suriname">border with Suriname</a> in the west. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guyanas.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Guyanas.svg/220px-Guyanas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Guyanas.svg/330px-Guyanas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Guyanas.svg/440px-Guyanas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>Map of northern South America showing the extent of <a href="/wiki/The_Guyanas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guyanas">the Guyanas</a> region</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, the name "Guyana" is an indigenous term meaning "land of many waters".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The addition of the adjective "French" in most languages other than French is rooted in colonial times, when five such colonies (<a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">The Guianas</a>) had been named along the coast, subject to differing powers: namely (from west to east) Spanish Guiana (now <a href="/wiki/Guayana_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Guayana Region">Guayana Region</a> in Venezuela), <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>), <a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Dutch Guiana</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>), French Guiana, and <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Guiana">Portuguese Guiana</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a> in Brazil). French Guiana and the two larger countries to the north and west, Guyana and Suriname, are still often collectively referred to as "the Guianas" and constitute one large landmass known as the <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Shield" title="Guiana Shield">Guiana Shield</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_French_Guiana" title="History of French Guiana">History of French Guiana</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French colonization of the Americas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_conquest_of_French_Guiana" title="Portuguese conquest of French Guiana">Portuguese conquest of French Guiana</a></div> <p>French Guiana was originally inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people">indigenous people</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kalina_people" title="Kalina people">Kalina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lokono" title="Lokono">Lokono</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawak</a> grouping), <a href="/wiki/Galibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Galibi">Galibi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palikur" title="Palikur">Palikur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teko,_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Teko, tribe">Teko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wayampi" title="Wayampi">Wayampi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wayana" title="Wayana">Wayana</a>. The French attempted to create a colony there in the 16th century in conjunction with its settlement of some Caribbean islands, such as <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a>. </p><p>Prior to <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonization</a>, the territory was originally inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_South_America" title="Indigenous peoples of South America">Native Americans</a>, most speaking the <a href="/wiki/Arawak_language" title="Arawak language">Arawak language</a>, of the Arawakan language family. The people identified as <a href="/wiki/Lokono" title="Lokono">Lokono</a>. The first French establishment is recorded in 1503, but France did not establish a durable presence until colonists founded <a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> in 1643. Guiana was developed as a <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">slave society</a>, where planters imported Africans as enslaved labourers on large sugar and other plantations. The system of slavery in French Guiana continued until the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a> voted to abolish the French slave trade and slavery in <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">France's overseas colonies</a> in February 1794, months after enslaved Haitians had started a <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">slave rebellion</a> in the colony of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a>. However, the 1794 decree was only implemented in Saint-Domingue, <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> and French Guiana, while the colonies of <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a> resisted the imposition of these laws.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bill Marshall, Professor of Comparative Cultural Studies at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Stirling" title="University of Stirling">University of Stirling</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wrote of French Guiana's origins: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The first French effort to colonize Guiana, in 1763, utterly failed, as settlers were subject to high mortality given the numerous tropical diseases and harsh climate: all but 2,000 of the initial 12,000 settlers died. </p><p>After France <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">ceded Louisiana</a> to the United States in 1804, it developed Guiana as a <a href="/wiki/Penal_colony" title="Penal colony">penal colony</a>, establishing a network of camps and penitentiaries along the coast where prisoners from metropolitan France were sentenced to <a href="/wiki/Unfree_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Unfree labour">forced labour</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources in the body of the article. (June 2020)">not verified in body</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p> During operations as a <a href="/wiki/Penal_colony" title="Penal colony">penal colony</a> beginning in the mid-19th century, the French government transported approximately 56,000 prisoners to <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Island" title="Devil's Island">Devil's Island</a>. Fewer than 10% survived their sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_du_Diable" class="mw-redirect" title="Île du Diable">Île du Diable</a></i> (Devil's Island) was the site of a small prison facility, part of a larger penal system by the same name, which consisted of prisons on three islands and three larger prisons on the mainland. This was operated from 1852 to 1953. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Domenico_Failutti_-_Retrato_de_Jo%C3%A3o_Severiano_M._da_Costa_(Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Queluz),_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Domenico_Failutti_-_Retrato_de_Jo%C3%A3o_Severiano_M._da_Costa_%28Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Queluz%29%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Domenico_Failutti_-_Retrato_de_Jo%C3%A3o_Severiano_M._da_Costa_%28Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Queluz%29%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Domenico_Failutti_-_Retrato_de_Jo%C3%A3o_Severiano_M._da_Costa_%28Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Queluz%29%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Domenico_Failutti_-_Retrato_de_Jo%C3%A3o_Severiano_M._da_Costa_%28Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Queluz%29%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Domenico_Failutti_-_Retrato_de_Jo%C3%A3o_Severiano_M._da_Costa_%28Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Queluz%29%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Domenico_Failutti_-_Retrato_de_Jo%C3%A3o_Severiano_M._da_Costa_%28Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Queluz%29%2C_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>Following the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_conquest_of_French_Guiana" title="Portuguese conquest of French Guiana">Portuguese conquest of French Guiana</a> in 1809, <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Severiano_Maciel_da_Costa" class="extiw" title="pt:João Severiano Maciel da Costa">João Severiano Maciel da Costa</a> served as its only governor until 1817.</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition, in the late nineteenth century, France began requiring forced residencies by prisoners who survived their hard labour.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Portuguese-British naval squadron <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Cayenne_(1809)" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Cayenne (1809)">took French Guiana</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a> in 1809. It was returned to France with the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Treaty of Paris (1814)">Treaty of Paris</a> in 1814. Though Portugal returned the region to France, it kept a military presence until 1817. </p><p>After French Guiana was established as a penal colony, officials sometimes used convicts to catch butterflies. The sentences of the convicts were often long, and the prospect of employment very weak, so the convicts caught butterflies to sell in the international market, both for scientific purposes as well as general collecting.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A border dispute with Brazil arose in the late 19th century over a vast area of jungle, resulting in the short-lived, pro-French, independent state of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Independent_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Independent Guyana">Counani</a> in the disputed territory. There was some fighting among settlers. The dispute was resolved largely in favour of Brazil by the <a href="/wiki/Arbitration" title="Arbitration">arbitration</a> of the Swiss government.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The territory of <a href="/wiki/Inini" title="Inini">Inini</a> consisted of most of the interior of French Guiana when it was created in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-decree1930_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-decree1930-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1936, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_%C3%89bou%C3%A9" title="Félix Éboué">Félix Éboué</a> from Cayenne became the first black man to serve as governor in a French colony.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Straatbeeld_in_Frans_Guyana,_NG-2008-37-38.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Straatbeeld_in_Frans_Guyana%2C_NG-2008-37-38.jpg/220px-Straatbeeld_in_Frans_Guyana%2C_NG-2008-37-38.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Straatbeeld_in_Frans_Guyana%2C_NG-2008-37-38.jpg/330px-Straatbeeld_in_Frans_Guyana%2C_NG-2008-37-38.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Straatbeeld_in_Frans_Guyana%2C_NG-2008-37-38.jpg/440px-Straatbeeld_in_Frans_Guyana%2C_NG-2008-37-38.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4370" data-file-height="3146" /></a><figcaption>French Guiana, c. 1930</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the fall of France to German forces, French Guiana became part of <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a>. Guiana officially rallied to <a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a> on 16 March 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It abandoned its colony status and once again became a French <a href="/wiki/Overseas_department_and_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department and region">department</a> on 19 March 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-decree1946_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-decree1946-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the French withdrawal from Vietnam in the 1950s and subsequent war between the Viet Cong and the United States, France helped resettle several hundred <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a> refugees from Laos to French Guiana during the 1970s and 80s, who were fleeing displacement after the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Laos_since_1945#Communist_Laos_(1975–1991)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Laos since 1945">communist takeover of Laos</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pathet_Lao" title="Pathet Lao">Pathet Lao</a> in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-immigration_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immigration-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1980s, more than 10,000 <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Surinamese</a> refugees, mostly <a href="/wiki/Maroons" title="Maroons">Maroons</a>, arrived in French Guiana, fleeing the <a href="/wiki/Surinamese_Interior_War" title="Surinamese Interior War">Surinamese Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-immigration_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immigration-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, French Guiana has received large numbers of Brazilian and Haitian <a href="/wiki/Economic_migrant" title="Economic migrant">economic migrants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-immigration_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immigration-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Illegal and ecologically destructive <a href="/wiki/Gold_mining" title="Gold mining">gold mining</a> by Brazilian <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Gold_mining" title="Gold mining">garimpeiros</a></i></span> is a chronic issue in the remote interior rain forest of French Guiana.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region still faces such problems as illegal immigration, poorer infrastructure than mainland France, higher costs of living, higher levels of crime and more common social unrest.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1964, French president <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> decided to construct a space-travel base in French Guiana. It was intended to replace the Sahara base in <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and stimulate economic growth in French Guiana. The department was considered suitable for the purpose because it is near the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a> and has extensive access to the ocean as a buffer zone. The <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana Space Centre</a>, located a short distance along the coast from <a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a>, has grown considerably since the initial launches of the <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ronique_(rocket)" title="Véronique (rocket)">Véronique</a> rockets. It is now part of the European space industry and has had commercial success with such launches as the <a href="/wiki/Ariane_4" title="Ariane 4">Ariane 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">Ariane 5</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ariane_flight_VA256" title="Ariane flight VA256">Ariane flight VA256</a> which launched the <a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> into space. </p><p>The Guianese General Council officially adopted a <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departmental</a> flag in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a <a href="/wiki/2010_French_Guianan_status_referendum" title="2010 French Guianan status referendum">referendum</a> that same year, French Guiana voted against becoming an autonomous <a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">overseas collectivity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcnewsreferendum_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcnewsreferendum-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a second <a href="/wiki/2010_French_Guianan_government_referendum" title="2010 French Guianan government referendum">referendum</a>, transition to a "<a href="/wiki/Single_territorial_collectivity" title="Single territorial collectivity">single territorial collectivity</a>" under Article 73 of the Constitution was approved. </p><p>On 20 March 2017, French Guianese workers began <a href="/wiki/2017_social_unrest_in_French_Guiana" title="2017 social unrest in French Guiana">going on strike and demonstrating for more resources and infrastructure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lemondelaguyanemarot_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lemondelaguyanemarot-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 28 March 2017 was the day of the largest demonstration ever held in French Guiana.<sup id="cite_ref-lepointmanifestationshistoriques_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lepointmanifestationshistoriques-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>French Guiana has been affected by the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana">COVID-19 outbreak</a>, with more than 1% of French Guianese testing positive by the end of June 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_French_Guiana" title="Geography of French Guiana">Geography of French Guiana</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guyane_map-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Guyane_map-en.svg/180px-Guyane_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Guyane_map-en.svg/270px-Guyane_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Guyane_map-en.svg/360px-Guyane_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1183" data-file-height="1427" /></a><figcaption>Geographic map of French Guiana in 2009. Note: this map does not show the international <a href="/wiki/Oyapock_River_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyapock River Bridge">Oyapock River Bridge</a> which connects <a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges,_French_Guiana" title="Saint-Georges, French Guiana">Saint-Georges-de-l'Oyapock</a> (France) and <a href="/wiki/Oiapoque" title="Oiapoque">Oiapoque</a> (Brazil) and has been open to car traffic since March 2017. The new asphalted road between <a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni" title="Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni">Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apatou" title="Apatou">Apatou</a>, which was completed in 2010, does not appear on the map either.</figcaption></figure> <p>French Guiana lies between latitudes <a href="/wiki/2nd_parallel_north" title="2nd parallel north">2°</a> and <a href="/wiki/6th_parallel_north" title="6th parallel north">6°</a> N, and longitudes <a href="/wiki/51st_meridian_west" title="51st meridian west">51°</a> and <a href="/wiki/55th_meridian_west" title="55th meridian west">55°</a> W. It consists of two main geographical regions: a coastal strip where the majority of the people live, and dense, near-inaccessible <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforest</a> which gradually rises to the modest peaks of the <a href="/wiki/Tumuk_Humak_Mountains" title="Tumuk Humak Mountains">Tumuc-Humac mountains</a> along the Brazilian frontier. French Guiana's highest peak is <a href="/wiki/Bellevue_de_l%27Inini" title="Bellevue de l'Inini">Bellevue de l'Inini</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maripasoula" title="Maripasoula">Maripasoula</a> (851 m, 2,792 ft). Other mountains include <a href="/wiki/Mont_Itoup%C3%A9" title="Mont Itoupé">Mont Itoupé</a> (826 m, 2,710 ft), <a href="/wiki/Cottica_Mountain" title="Cottica Mountain">Cottica Mountain</a> (744 m, 2,441 ft), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pic_Coudreau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pic Coudreau (page does not exist)">Pic Coudreau</a> (711 m, 2,333 ft), and <a href="/wiki/Kaw_Mountain" title="Kaw Mountain">Kaw Mountain</a> (337 m, 1,106 ft). </p><p>Several small islands are found off the coast: the three <a href="/wiki/Salvation%27s_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvation's Islands">Salvation's Islands</a> which include <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Island_(Kourou)" title="Devil's Island (Kourou)">Devil's Island</a>, and the isolated <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_du_Conn%C3%A9table" title="Îles du Connétable">Îles du Connétable</a> bird sanctuary further along the coast towards Brazil. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Petit-Saut_Dam" title="Petit-Saut Dam">Petit-Saut Dam</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Dam#Power_generation_plant" title="Dam">hydroelectric dam</a> in the north of French Guiana forms an <a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">artificial lake</a> and provides <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectricity</a>. There are many rivers in French Guiana, including the <a href="/wiki/Waki_(river)" title="Waki (river)">Waki River</a>. </p><p>As of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the <a href="/wiki/Amazonian_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazonian forest">Amazonian forest</a>, located in the most remote part of the department, is protected as the <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Amazonian_Park" title="Guiana Amazonian Park">Guiana Amazonian Park</a>, one of the ten <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks of France">national parks of France</a>. The territory of the park covers some 33,900 km<sup>2</sup> (13,090 sq mi) upon the <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Guyane_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Communes of the Guyane department">communes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Camopi" title="Camopi">Camopi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maripasoula" title="Maripasoula">Maripasoula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papa%C3%AFchton" class="mw-redirect" title="Papaïchton">Papaïchton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89lie" title="Saint-Élie">Saint-Élie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%BCl" class="mw-redirect" title="Saül">Saül</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_GUF_present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Koppen-Geiger_Map_GUF_present.svg/220px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_GUF_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Koppen-Geiger_Map_GUF_present.svg/330px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_GUF_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Koppen-Geiger_Map_GUF_present.svg/440px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_GUF_present.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1109" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> of French Guiana</figcaption></figure> <p>French Guiana has an <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Equatorial climate">equatorial climate</a> predominant.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Located within six degrees of the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">Equator</a> and rising only to modest elevations, French Guiana is hot and oppressively humid all year round. During most of the year, rainfall across the country is heavy due to the presence of the <a href="/wiki/Intertropical_Convergence_Zone" title="Intertropical Convergence Zone">Intertropical Convergence Zone</a> and its powerful thunderstorm cells. In most parts of French Guiana, rainfall is always heavy especially from December to July – typically over 330 millimetres or 13 inches can be expected each month during this period throughout the department. Between August and November, the eastern half experiences a warm <a href="/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">dry season</a> with rainfall below 100 millimetres or 3.94 inches and average high temperatures above 30 °C (86 °F) occurring in September and October, causing eastern French Guiana to be classified as a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">tropical monsoon climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Am</i>); Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni in the west has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical rainforest climate</a> (<i>Af</i>). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> (Köppen Am/Af) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.3<br />(90.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7<br />(92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5<br />(94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1<br />(95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8<br />(80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">451.2<br />(17.76) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">309.4<br />(12.18) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">334.3<br />(13.16) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">448.4<br />(17.65) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">579.4<br />(22.81) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">411.4<br />(16.20) </td> <td style="background: #008F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">245.7<br />(9.67) </td> <td style="background: #29FF29; color:#000000;" class="notheme">143.6<br />(5.65) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.7<br />(2.19) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.3<br />(2.49) </td> <td style="background: #31FF31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">133.4<br />(5.25) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">340.5<br />(13.41) </td> <td style="background: #004100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,516.3<br />(138.44) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #0000DA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">23.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000FE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">26.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">25.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20.6 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.2 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21.6 </td> <td style="background: #1717FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">221.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">79 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #AAAAA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.1 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.4 </td> <td style="background: #B6B65F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.0 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">123.5 </td> <td style="background: #B7B759; color:#000000;" class="notheme">122.4 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">150.4 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">200.5 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">234.4 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">253.4 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">256.4 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">211.5 </td> <td style="background: #C0C020; color:#000000;" class="notheme">143.3 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,003 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Meteo_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteo France">Meteo France</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ile_du_Diable_depuis_%C3%AEle_Royale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ile_du_Diable_depuis_%C3%AEle_Royale.jpg/220px-Ile_du_Diable_depuis_%C3%AEle_Royale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ile_du_Diable_depuis_%C3%AEle_Royale.jpg/330px-Ile_du_Diable_depuis_%C3%AEle_Royale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ile_du_Diable_depuis_%C3%AEle_Royale.jpg/440px-Ile_du_Diable_depuis_%C3%AEle_Royale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7327" data-file-height="4195" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ile_du_Diable" class="mw-redirect" title="Ile du Diable">Ile du Diable</a> seen from <a href="/wiki/Salvation_Islands#Islands" title="Salvation Islands">Ile Royale</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parc_amazonien_de_Guyane,_une_balade_%C3%A0_Sa%C3%BCl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Parc_amazonien_de_Guyane%2C_une_balade_%C3%A0_Sa%C3%BCl.jpg/220px-Parc_amazonien_de_Guyane%2C_une_balade_%C3%A0_Sa%C3%BCl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Parc_amazonien_de_Guyane%2C_une_balade_%C3%A0_Sa%C3%BCl.jpg/330px-Parc_amazonien_de_Guyane%2C_une_balade_%C3%A0_Sa%C3%BCl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Parc_amazonien_de_Guyane%2C_une_balade_%C3%A0_Sa%C3%BCl.jpg/440px-Parc_amazonien_de_Guyane%2C_une_balade_%C3%A0_Sa%C3%BCl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guiana_Amazonian_Park" title="Guiana Amazonian Park">Guiana Amazonian Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>French Guiana is home to many different <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">tropical rainforests</a>, coastal <a href="/wiki/Mangroves" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangroves">mangroves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savannahs" class="mw-redirect" title="Savannahs">savannahs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inselberg" title="Inselberg">inselbergs</a> and many types of <a href="/wiki/Wetlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Wetlands">wetlands</a>. It lies within three ecoregions: <a href="/wiki/Guayanan_Highlands_moist_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Guayanan Highlands moist forests">Guayanan Highlands moist forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guianan_moist_forests" title="Guianan moist forests">Guianan moist forests</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guianan_mangroves" title="Guianan mangroves">Guianan mangroves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French Guiana has a high level of <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> of both <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a>. This is due to the presence of <a href="/wiki/Primary_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary forest">old-growth forests</a> (i.e., ancient/primary forests), which are <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_hotspot" title="Biodiversity hotspot">biodiversity hotspots</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforests</a> of French Guiana provide shelter for many species during dry periods and terrestrial glaciation.<sup id="cite_ref-UICN_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UICN-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These forests are protected by a national park (the <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Amazonian_Park" title="Guiana Amazonian Park">Guiana Amazonian Park</a>), seven additional <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">nature reserves</a>, and 17 <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_French_Guiana" title="List of protected areas of French Guiana">protected</a> sites.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> (IUCN) and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU) have recommended special efforts to protect these areas.<sup id="cite_ref-UICN_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UICN-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Grenelle_Environnement" title="Grenelle Environnement">Grenelle Environment Round Table</a> of 2007, the Grenelle Law II was proposed in 2009, under law number 2010–788. Article 49 of the law proposed the creation of a single organization responsible for environmental conservation in French Guiana. Article 64 proposes a "departmental plan of mining orientation" for French Guiana, which would promote mining (specifically of gold) that is compatible with requirements for environmental protection.<sup id="cite_ref-senat_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-senat-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coastal environment along the <a href="/wiki/Route_nationale_1_(French_Guiana)" title="Route nationale 1 (French Guiana)">RN1</a> has historically experienced the most changes, but development is occurring locally along the <a href="/wiki/Route_nationale_2_(French_Guiana)" title="Route nationale 2 (French Guiana)">RN2</a>, and also in western French Guiana due to gold mining. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Psophia_crepitansPCCA20051227-1968B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Psophia_crepitansPCCA20051227-1968B.jpg/170px-Psophia_crepitansPCCA20051227-1968B.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Psophia_crepitansPCCA20051227-1968B.jpg/255px-Psophia_crepitansPCCA20051227-1968B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Psophia_crepitansPCCA20051227-1968B.jpg/340px-Psophia_crepitansPCCA20051227-1968B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Grey-winged_trumpeter" title="Grey-winged trumpeter">grey-winged trumpeter</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of bird commonly found in the region</figcaption></figure> <p>5,500 plant species have been recorded, including more than a thousand trees, along with 700 species of birds, 177 species of mammals, over 500 species of fish including 45% of which are <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> and 109 species of <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibians</a>. French Guiana's high biodiversity is similar to that of other regions with tropical rainforests, such as the Brazilian Amazon, <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>. </p><p>Environmental threats include <a href="/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation" title="Habitat fragmentation">habitat fragmentation</a> from roads, which remains very limited compared to other forests of South America; immediate and deferred impacts of <a href="/wiki/Electricite_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricite de France">EDF</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Petit-Saut_Dam" title="Petit-Saut Dam">Petit-Saut Dam</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gold_mining" title="Gold mining">gold mining</a>; poor control of hunting and <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a>, facilitated by the creation of many tracks; and the introduction of <a href="/wiki/All-terrain_vehicle" title="All-terrain vehicle">all-terrain vehicles</a>. Logging remains moderate due to the lack of roads, difficult climate, and difficult terrain. The Forest Code of French Guiana was modified by ordinance on 28 July 2005. Logging concessions or free transfers are sometimes granted by local authorities to persons traditionally deriving their livelihood from the forest. </p><p>The beaches of the <a href="/wiki/Amana_Nature_Reserve" title="Amana Nature Reserve">Amana Nature Reserve</a> are an exceptional marine turtle nesting site. This is one of the largest worldwide for the <a href="/wiki/Leatherback_turtle" class="mw-redirect" title="Leatherback turtle">leatherback turtle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>French Guiana has some of the poorest soils in the world. The soil is low in nutrients (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Organic_matter" title="Organic matter">organic matter</a>. <a href="/wiki/Soil_acidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Soil acidity">Soil acidity</a> is another cause of the poor soils, and it requires farmers to <a href="/wiki/Liming_(soil)" title="Liming (soil)">add lime</a> to their fields. The soil characteristics have led to the use of <a href="/wiki/Slash_and_burn" class="mw-redirect" title="Slash and burn">slash and burn</a> agriculture. The resulting ashes elevate soil <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> (i.e., lower soil acidity), and contribute <a href="/wiki/Minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerals">minerals</a> and other nutrients to the soil. Sites of <a href="/wiki/Terra_preta" title="Terra preta">Terra preta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">anthropogenic</a> soils) have been discovered in French Guiana, particularly near the border with Brazil. Research is being actively pursued in multiple fields to determine how these enriched soils were historically created, and how this can be done in modern times. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_French_Guiana" title="Economy of French Guiana">Economy of French Guiana</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ariane_5ES_rolls_out.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ariane_5ES_rolls_out.jpg/220px-Ariane_5ES_rolls_out.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ariane_5ES_rolls_out.jpg/330px-Ariane_5ES_rolls_out.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ariane_5ES_rolls_out.jpg/440px-Ariane_5ES_rolls_out.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">Ariane 5</a> rocket being processed at the <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana Space Centre</a>; the launch site is estimated to account for as much as 16% of French Guiana's GDP</figcaption></figure> <p>As a part of France, French Guiana is part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a>; its currency is the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>. The country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for French Guiana is <a href="/wiki/.gf" title=".gf">.gf</a>, but <a href="/wiki/.fr" title=".fr">.fr</a> is generally used instead.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, the GDP of French Guiana at market exchange rates was US$4.93 billion (€4.41 billion),<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ranking as the 2nd largest economy in the <a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">Guianas</a> after <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> (which discovered large oil fields in 2015 and 2018), and the 12th largest in South America.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 1960s to the 2000s, French Guiana experienced strong economic growth, fueled by the development of France's <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana Space Centre</a> (established in French Guiana in 1964 as the independence of <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> in 1962 led to the closure of France's space center in the Algerian Sahara) and by high population growth which stimulated domestic consumption. French Guiana's economy did not suffer from the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">Global Financial Crisis of 2008</a>: the GDP grew by an average of +3.4% per year in <a href="/wiki/Real_versus_nominal_value_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Real versus nominal value (economics)">real terms</a> from 2002 to 2012, slightly faster than the rapidly growing population, which allowed French Guiana to catch up marginally with the rest of France in terms of standards of living.<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The GDP per capita rose from 48.0% of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">metropolitan France</a>'s level in 2000 to 48.5% of metropolitan France in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2013, however, French Guiana's economic growth has been uneven, and more subdued. From 2013 to 2019, the economy grew by an average of only +1.2% per year in real terms.<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French Guiana experienced a <a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">recession</a> of -0.8% in 2014, and <a href="/wiki/2017_social_unrest_in_French_Guiana" title="2017 social unrest in French Guiana">social unrest in 2017</a> led to almost no economic growth that year. Economic growth recovered at +3.0% in 2018, but was again almost null (+0.2%) in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the GDP per capita has remained stagnant in nominal terms since 2013, and has declined relative to metropolitan France's. In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">GDP per capita</a> of French Guiana at market exchange rates, not at <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>, was US$17,375 (€15,521),<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_46-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only 42.3% of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">metropolitan France</a>'s average GDP per capita that year, and 50.3% of the metropolitan French regions outside the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Paris Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_46-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>French Guiana was affected by the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> in 2020, leading to a recession of -2.7% that year according to provisional estimates, moderate compared to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">COVID-19 recession</a> in metropolitan France (-7.9% in 2020).<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_46-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <caption style="margin-bottom: 0.5em"><b><big>Regional GDP of French Guiana</big></b><br /><small>(in euros, current prices)</small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th> 2000 </th> <th> 2006 </th> <th> 2012 </th> <th> 2013 </th> <th> 2014 </th> <th> 2015 </th> <th> 2016 </th> <th> 2017 </th> <th> 2018 </th> <th> 2019 </th> <th> 2020 </th> <th> 2021  </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><b>Nominal GDP</b> <small><b>(€ bn)</b></small></td> <td align="center">1.95</td> <td align="center">2.91</td> <td align="center">3.91</td> <td align="center">4.00</td> <td align="center">3.96</td> <td align="center">4.00</td> <td align="center">4.12</td> <td align="center">3.98</td> <td align="center">3.92</td> <td align="center">3.93</td> <td align="center">3.84</td> <td align="center">3.97 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><b>GDP per capita</b> <small><b>(euros)</b></small></td> <td align="center">11,814</td> <td align="center">13,874</td> <td align="center">15,638</td> <td align="center">15,534</td> <td align="center">15,480</td> <td align="center">15,091</td> <td align="center">15,356</td> <td align="center">15,151</td> <td align="center">15,607</td> <td align="center">15,633</td> <td align="center">15,367</td> <td align="center">15,611 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><b>GDP per capita as a %</b><br /><b>of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan France</a>'s</b></td> <td align="center">48.0%</td> <td align="center">47.1%</td> <td align="center">48.5%</td> <td align="center">47.8%</td> <td align="center">47.8%</td> <td align="center">45.7%</td> <td align="center">45.9%</td> <td align="center">44.1%</td> <td align="center">44.4%</td> <td align="center">43.2%</td> <td align="center">45.0%</td> <td align="center">42.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="13" style="text-align:center"><small>Sources: <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_46-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>French Guiana is heavily dependent on mainland France for subsidies, trade, and goods.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The main traditional industries are fishing (accounting for 5% of exports in 2012), gold mining (accounting for 32% of exports in 2012) and timber (accounting for 1% of exports in 2012).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana Space Centre</a> has played a significant role in the local economy since it was established in <a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a> in 1964: it accounted directly and indirectly for 16% of French Guiana's GDP in 2002 (down from 26% in 1994, as the French Guianese economy is becoming increasingly diversified).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Guiana Space Centre employed 1,659 people in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is very little manufacturing. Agriculture is largely undeveloped and is mainly confined to the area near the coast and along the <a href="/wiki/Maroni_(river)" title="Maroni (river)">Maroni River</a>. Sugar and bananas were traditionally two of the main <a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">cash crops</a> grown for export but have almost completely disappeared. Today they have been replaced by livestock raising (essentially beef cattle and pigs) in the coastal savannas between <a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> and the second-largest town, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni" title="Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni">Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Market_gardening" class="mw-redirect" title="Market gardening">market gardening</a> (fruits and vegetables) developed by the <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a> communities settled in French Guiana in the 1970s, both destined to the local market. A thriving rice production, developed on <a href="/wiki/Polder" title="Polder">polders</a> near <a href="/wiki/Mana,_French_Guiana" title="Mana, French Guiana">Mana</a> from the early 1980s to the late 2000s, has almost completely disappeared since 2011 due to marine erosion and new <a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_Health_and_Consumers" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate-General for Health and Consumers">EU plant health rules</a> which forbid the use of many pesticides and fertilizers. Tourism, especially <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">eco-tourism</a>, is growing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Unemployment has been persistently high in the last few decades, standing between 17% and 24%.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, the unemployment rate has declined from a peak of 23.0% in 2016 to 19.3% in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_French_Guiana" title="Demographics of French Guiana">Demographics of French Guiana</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carnaval_%C3%A0_Kourou_Danseuses_en_rose.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Carnaval_%C3%A0_Kourou_Danseuses_en_rose.jpg/220px-Carnaval_%C3%A0_Kourou_Danseuses_en_rose.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Carnaval_%C3%A0_Kourou_Danseuses_en_rose.jpg/330px-Carnaval_%C3%A0_Kourou_Danseuses_en_rose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Carnaval_%C3%A0_Kourou_Danseuses_en_rose.jpg/440px-Carnaval_%C3%A0_Kourou_Danseuses_en_rose.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Carnival of <a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_population">Historical population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Historical population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>French Guiana experienced a long period of demographic stagnation during the days of the <a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Island" title="Devil's Island">Cayenne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prison_of_St-Laurent-du-Maroni" title="Prison of St-Laurent-du-Maroni">Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni</a> <a href="/wiki/Penal_colony" title="Penal colony">penal colonies</a> (19th century and first half of the 20th century), when, with the exception of a brief <a href="/wiki/Gold_rush" title="Gold rush">gold rush</a> in the 1900s and 1910s, it suffered from a bad reputation due to its association with penal colonies and bad sanitary conditions (<a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> in particular). </p><p>Population started to grow tremendously from the 1950s onwards with the improvement of sanitary conditions (yellow fever and malaria eradication campaigns started in 1949)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana Space Centre</a> in 1964. Population growth has been fueled both by high birth rates and large arrivals of immigrants (from <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">metropolitan France</a>, to man the public administrations and the space center, as well as from neighboring countries, in particular <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>). Arrivals of Surinamese refugees reached record levels in the 1980s during the <a href="/wiki/Surinamese_Interior_War" title="Surinamese Interior War">Surinamese Interior War</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-immigration_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immigration-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resulting in the highest population growth rate in French Guiana's history, recorded between the 1982 and 1990 censuses (+5.8% per year). </p><p>In the 21st century, the birth rate has remained high, and new arrivals of migrants seeking asylum (in particular from <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>) have kept population growth above 2% per year in the 2010s. French Guiana's population reached 295,385 in 2024 (Jan. estimate),<sup id="cite_ref-pop_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more than 10 times the population it had in 1954. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:45em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1807 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,483</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1814 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">14,463</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.97%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1827 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">22,416</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1832 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">22,531</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.10%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1837 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">21,221</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−1.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1842 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,365</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.82%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1850 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,100</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.16%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1855 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,198</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.10%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1860 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">25,687</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.93%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1868 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">25,151</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.26%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,171</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.99%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1876 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">27,082</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.88%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1880 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">27,333</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.23%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1887 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">25,796</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.82%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">29,650</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.54%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1895 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,310</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.55%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">32,908</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.38%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1906 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">39,117</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.52%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">48,810</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.53%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">44,202</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.99%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">36,975</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.18%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">28,506</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.57%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">27,863</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.27%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">33,505</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.57%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1967 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">44,392</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+4.79%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1974 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">55,125</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.14%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">73,022</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.88%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">114,678</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.79%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">157,213</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.58%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">229,040</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.54%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2015 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">259,865</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.56%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2021 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">286,618</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.65%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2024 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">295,385</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.01%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Local population estimates and censuses up to 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> INSEE censuses between 1954 and 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-1954-1982_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1954-1982-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pop_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Last INSEE 2024 estimate.<sup id="cite_ref-pop_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_metropolitan_areas_and_settlements">Major metropolitan areas and settlements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Major metropolitan areas and settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three <a href="/wiki/Functional_area_(France)" title="Functional area (France)">metropolitan areas</a> (as defined by <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>) in French Guiana. These are <a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a>, which covers 6 communes (Cayenne, <a href="/wiki/Remire-Montjoly" title="Remire-Montjoly">Remire-Montjoly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matoury" title="Matoury">Matoury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macouria" title="Macouria">Macouria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montsin%C3%A9ry-Tonnegrande" title="Montsinéry-Tonnegrande">Montsinéry-Tonnegrande</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roura" title="Roura">Roura</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni" title="Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni">Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni</a>, made up of the namesake commune, and <a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a>, which covers 2 communes (Kourou and <a href="/wiki/Sinnamary" title="Sinnamary">Sinnamary</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population of these three metropolitan areas at the 2021 census was the following:<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Functional_area_(France)" title="Functional area (France)">Metropolitan area</a> </th> <th>Population (2021) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">151,103 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni" title="Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni">Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">50,250 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">27,442 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Beyond these three metropolitan areas, the most populated <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">communes</a> (municipalities), which are not populated enough to form a metropolitan area, were the following at the 2021 census:<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">Commune</a> </th> <th>Population (2021) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mana,_French_Guiana" title="Mana, French Guiana">Mana</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">11,764 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Apatou" title="Apatou">Apatou</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">9,818 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maripasoula" title="Maripasoula">Maripasoula</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">9,177 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand-Santi" title="Grand-Santi">Grand-Santi</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">9,120 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Papaichton" title="Papaichton">Papaichton</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">5,606 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges,_French_Guiana" title="Saint-Georges, French Guiana">Saint-Georges</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4,505 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:March%C3%A9_de_cacao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/March%C3%A9_de_cacao.jpg/220px-March%C3%A9_de_cacao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/March%C3%A9_de_cacao.jpg/330px-March%C3%A9_de_cacao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/March%C3%A9_de_cacao.jpg/440px-March%C3%A9_de_cacao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2925" data-file-height="1948" /></a><figcaption>Fresh market of Hmong in <a href="/wiki/Cacao,_French_Guiana" title="Cacao, French Guiana">Cacao village</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guyane_0037.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Guyane_0037.jpg/220px-Guyane_0037.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Guyane_0037.jpg/330px-Guyane_0037.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Guyane_0037.jpg/440px-Guyane_0037.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2734" data-file-height="2076" /></a><figcaption>Daily life in the Wayana village of <a href="/wiki/Antecume_Pata" title="Antecume Pata">Antecume Pata</a></figcaption></figure> <p>French Guiana's population, most of whom live along the coast, is substantially ethnically diverse. At the 2019 census, 56.5% of the inhabitants of French Guiana were born in French Guiana, 8.9% were born in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan France</a>, 2.8% were born in the French <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a> and <a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">collectivities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> etc.), and 31.5% were born in foreign countries (primarily <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, Brazil, and <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-immig_2_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immig_2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Estimates of the percentages of French Guiana ethnic composition are difficult to produce due to the presence of a large proportion of immigrants. People of African descent are the largest ethnic group, though estimates vary as to the exact percentage, depending upon whether the large <a href="/wiki/Haitians" title="Haitians">Haitian</a> community is included as well. Generally, the Creole population is judged to be about 60–70% of the total population if Haitians (comprising roughly one-third of Creoles) are included, and 30–50% otherwise. There are also smaller groups from various <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> islands, mainly Martinique, Guadeloupe, and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a>. </p><p>Approximately 41,000 people or 14% of the population is of European ancestry. The vast majority of these are of French ancestry, though there are also people of Spanish and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> ancestry. </p><p>The main Asian communities are the <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">Chinese</a> (about 3–4%, primarily from <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a> from <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> (1–2%). Other groups from Asia include <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_French_Guiana" title="Indians in French Guiana">Indians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people" title="Lebanese people">Lebanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a>. </p><p>The main groups living in the interior are the <a href="/wiki/Maroon_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maroon (people)">Maroons</a>, who are of African and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">indigenous</a> descent. The Maroons, descendants of escaped African slaves, live primarily along the <a href="/wiki/Maroni_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Maroni River">Maroni River</a>. The main Maroon groups are the Saramaca, Aucan (both of whom also live in <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>), and Boni (<a href="/wiki/Aluku" title="Aluku">Aluku</a>). </p><p>The main indigenous groups (forming about 3–4% of the population) are the <a href="/wiki/Arawaks" class="mw-redirect" title="Arawaks">Arawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalina_people" title="Kalina people">Carib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teko_people" title="Teko people">Teko</a> (formerly known as the <a href="/wiki/Emerillon_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Emerillon people">Emerillon</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kali%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaliña">Kaliña</a> (formerly known as the <a href="/wiki/Galibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Galibi">Galibi</a>), <a href="/wiki/Palikur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palikur people">Palikur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wayampi" title="Wayampi">Wayampi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wayana" title="Wayana">Wayana</a>. As of the late 1990s, there was evidence of an <a href="/wiki/Uncontacted_peoples" title="Uncontacted peoples">uncontacted group</a> of Wayampi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Immigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table width="720" style="border: 2px solid #999" rules="all" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"> <caption style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em">Place of birth of residents of French Guiana<br /><small>(at the 1990, 1999, 2008, 2013, and 2019 censuses)</small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"><b>Census</b></td> <td align="center"><b>Born in<br />French Guiana</b></td> <td align="center"><b>Born in<br /><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan France</a></b></td> <td align="center"><b>Born in the<br /><a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies" title="French West Indies">French West Indies</a></b></td> <td align="center"><b>Born in the<br />rest of <a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a></b></td> <td align="center"><b>Born in foreign<br />countries with French<br />citizenship at birth¹</b></td> <td align="center"><b>Immigrants²</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2019</td> <td align="center">56.5%</td> <td align="center">8.9%</td> <td align="center">2.8%</td> <td align="center">0.3%</td> <td align="center">1.0%</td> <td align="center">30.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2013</td> <td align="center">57.0%</td> <td align="center">9.4%</td> <td align="center">2.9%</td> <td align="center">0.3%</td> <td align="center">1.2%</td> <td align="center">29.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2008</td> <td align="center">55.4%</td> <td align="center">9.6%</td> <td align="center">3.0%</td> <td align="center">0.2%</td> <td align="center">1.3%</td> <td align="center">30.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1999</td> <td align="center">54.4%</td> <td align="center">11.8%</td> <td align="center">4.9%</td> <td align="center">0.3%</td> <td align="center">2.0%</td> <td align="center">26.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1990</td> <td align="center">50.5%</td> <td align="center">11.7%</td> <td align="center">5.2%</td> <td align="center">0.3%</td> <td align="center">1.9%</td> <td align="center">30.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7">¹<small>Persons born abroad of French parents, such as <a href="/wiki/Pieds-Noirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Pieds-Noirs">Pieds-Noirs</a> and children of French <a href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">expatriates</a>.</small><br />²<small>An immigrant is by French definition a person born in a foreign country and who did not have French citizenship at birth. Note that an immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still listed as an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="7">Source: <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a><sup id="cite_ref-immig_1_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immig_1-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-immig_2_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immig_2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In recent years, French Guiana has seen an increase in <a href="/wiki/Syrian_refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian refugees">Syrian refugees</a> trying to escape the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a>. For them and other groups of migrants, the majority arriving from other South American, Caribbean and Middle Eastern countries (especially <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a>), its status as French territory makes it a "gateway" to Europe. Many live in crowded <a href="/wiki/Refugee_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugee camps">refugee camps</a> with poor conditions and little protection from the elements. Neither local authorities nor the French government have made significant efforts to help the situation.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cath%C3%A9dralestsauveur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cath%C3%A9dralestsauveur.jpg/220px-Cath%C3%A9dralestsauveur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cath%C3%A9dralestsauveur.jpg/330px-Cath%C3%A9dralestsauveur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cath%C3%A9dralestsauveur.jpg/440px-Cath%C3%A9dralestsauveur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="746" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_Cathedral" title="Cayenne Cathedral">Cayenne Cathedral</a>. Most inhabitants of French Guiana are Catholic.</figcaption></figure> <p>The dominant religion of French Guiana is <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>; the Maroons and some Amerindian peoples maintain their own religions. The Hmong people are also largely Catholic owing to the influence of missionaries who helped bring them to French Guiana.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_French_Guiana" title="Catholic Church in French Guiana">Guianan Catholics</a> are part of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Cayenne" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Cayenne">Diocese of Cayenne</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fertility">Fertility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Fertility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> in French Guiana has remained high and is today considerably higher than that of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">metropolitan France</a>, as well as most of the other <a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">French overseas departments</a>. It is largely responsible for the rapid population growth of French Guiana. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 0.9em; width:50%"> <caption style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em">Total fertility rate </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th> 1999 </th> <th> 2000 </th> <th> 2001 </th> <th> 2002 </th> <th> 2003 </th> <th> 2004 </th> <th> 2005 </th> <th> 2006 </th> <th> 2007 </th> <th> 2008 </th> <th> 2009 </th> <th> 2010 </th> <th> 2011 </th> <th> 2012 </th> <th> 2013 </th> <th> 2014 </th> <th> 2015 </th> <th> 2016 </th> <th> 2017 </th> <th> 2018  </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">French Guiana</td> <td align="center">3.87</td> <td align="center">3.93</td> <td align="center">3.79</td> <td align="center">3.73</td> <td align="center">3.77</td> <td align="center">3.47</td> <td align="center">3.79</td> <td align="center">3.80</td> <td align="center">3.73</td> <td align="center">3.57</td> <td align="center">3.49</td> <td align="center">3.37</td> <td align="center">3.42</td> <td align="center">3.60</td> <td align="center">3.47</td> <td align="center">3.44</td> <td align="center">3.44</td> <td align="center">3.61</td> <td align="center">3.93</td> <td align="center">3.82 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">4 overseas departments<sup>A</sup></a></td> <td align="center">2.32</td> <td align="center">2.45</td> <td align="center">2.42</td> <td align="center">2.35</td> <td align="center">2.38</td> <td align="center">2.40</td> <td align="center">2.46</td> <td align="center">2.48</td> <td align="center">2.48</td> <td align="center">2.46</td> <td align="center">2.42</td> <td align="center">2.39</td> <td align="center">2.40</td> <td align="center">2.48</td> <td align="center">2.44</td> <td align="center">N/A</td> <td align="center">N/A</td> <td align="center">N/A</td> <td align="center">N/A</td> <td align="center">N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan France</a></td> <td align="center">1.79</td> <td align="center">1.87</td> <td align="center">1.88</td> <td align="center">1.86</td> <td align="center">1.87</td> <td align="center">1.90</td> <td align="center">1.92</td> <td align="center">1.98</td> <td align="center">1.96</td> <td align="center">1.99</td> <td align="center">1.99</td> <td align="center">2.02</td> <td align="center">2.00</td> <td align="center">1.99</td> <td align="center">1.97</td> <td align="center">1.97</td> <td align="center">1.93</td> <td align="center">1.89</td> <td align="center">1.86</td> <td align="center">1.84 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="21" align="center"><small>Source: INSEE<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><sup>A</sup> Data for the four overseas departments of French Guiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe, and Réunion, not including the new overseas department of Mayotte.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The official language of French Guiana is French, and it is the predominant language of the department, spoken by most residents as a first or second language. In addition, a number of other local languages exist. Regional languages include <a href="/wiki/French_Guianese_Creole" title="French Guianese Creole">French Guianese Creole</a> (not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Guyanese_Creole" title="Guyanese Creole">Guyanese Creole</a>), six <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Amerindian languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arawakan_languages" title="Arawakan languages">Arawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palikur_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Palikur language">Palijur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carib_language" title="Carib language">Kali'na</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wayana_language" title="Wayana language">Wayana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wayampi_language" title="Wayampi language">Wayampi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emerillon_language" title="Emerillon language">Emerillon</a>), four <a href="/wiki/Maroon_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maroon (people)">Maroon</a> creole languages (<a href="/wiki/Saramaka_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Saramaka language">Saramaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramaccan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramaccan language">Paramaccan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluku_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluku language">Aluku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ndyuka_language" title="Ndyuka language">Ndyuka</a>), as well as <a href="/wiki/Hmong_Njua" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong Njua">Hmong Njua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other languages spoken include <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Haitian Creole language">Haitian Creole</a> and Spanish. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_French_Guiana" title="Politics of French Guiana">Politics of French Guiana</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/330px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/495px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/660px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png 2x" data-file-width="2206" data-file-height="1358" /></a><figcaption>Map of the European Union in the world with overseas countries and territories and outermost regions, as of 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>French Guiana, as part of France, forms part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> – the largest landmass for an area outside of Europe (since <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> left the European Community in 1985), with one of the longest EU external boundaries. It is one of only three <a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">European Union territories outside Europe</a> that is not an island (the others being the Spanish Autonomous Cities in Africa, <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>). As an integral part of France, its <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> is the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the French Republic">president of the French Republic</a>, and its head of government is the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of France">prime minister of France</a>. The French government and its agencies have responsibility for a wide range of issues that are reserved to the national executive power, such as defense and external relations. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cayenne_h%C3%B4tel_de_ville_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Cayenne_h%C3%B4tel_de_ville_2013.jpg/220px-Cayenne_h%C3%B4tel_de_ville_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Cayenne_h%C3%B4tel_de_ville_2013.jpg/330px-Cayenne_h%C3%B4tel_de_ville_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Cayenne_h%C3%B4tel_de_ville_2013.jpg/440px-Cayenne_h%C3%B4tel_de_ville_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="3739" /></a><figcaption>Cayenne City Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>The president of France appoints a <a href="/wiki/Prefect_(France)" title="Prefect (France)">prefect</a> (resident at the <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture building</a> in Cayenne) as his representative to head the local government of French Guiana. There is one elected, local executive body, the Assemblée de Guyane.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>French Guiana sends two <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">deputies</a> to the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of France">French National Assembly</a>, one representing the <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a> (municipality) of <a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> and the commune of <a href="/wiki/Macouria" title="Macouria">Macouria</a>, and the other representing the rest of French Guiana. This latter constituency is the largest in the French Republic by land area. French Guiana also sends two senators to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of France">French Senate</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The first woman to be elected to the Senate was <a href="/wiki/Marie-Laure_Phin%C3%A9ra-Horth" title="Marie-Laure Phinéra-Horth">Marie-Laure Phinéra-Horth</a> in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Guianese_Socialist_Party" title="Guianese Socialist Party">Guianese Socialist Party</a> dominated politics in French Guiana until 2010. </p><p>A chronic issue affecting French Guiana is the influx of illegal immigrants and clandestine <a href="/wiki/Gold_prospecting" title="Gold prospecting">gold prospectors</a> from Brazil and <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>. The border between the department and Suriname, the <a href="/wiki/Maroni_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Maroni River">Maroni River</a>, flows through rain forest and is difficult for the <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_Nationale_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gendarmerie Nationale (France)">Gendarmerie</a> and the <a href="/wiki/French_Foreign_Legion" title="French Foreign Legion">French Foreign Legion</a> to patrol. There have been several phases launched by the French government to combat illegal gold mining in French Guiana, beginning with Operation Anaconda beginning in 2003, followed by Operation Harpie in 2008 and 2009 and Operation Harpie Reinforce in 2010. Colonel François Müller, the commander of French Guiana's gendarmes, believes these operations have been successful. However, after each operation ends, Brazilian miners, <a href="/wiki/Garimpeiros" class="mw-redirect" title="Garimpeiros">garimpeiros</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/garimpeiros" class="extiw" title="fr:garimpeiros">fr</a>]</sup>, return.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after Operation Harpie Reinforce began, an altercation took place between French authorities and Brazilian miners. On 12 March 2010 a team of French soldiers and border police were attacked while returning from a successful operation, during which "the soldiers had arrested 15 miners, confiscated three boats, and seized 617 grams of gold... currently worth about $22,317". Garimpeiros returned to retrieve their lost loot and colleagues. The soldiers fired warning shots and rubber "flash balls", but the miners managed to retake one of their boats and about 500 grams of gold. "The violent reaction by the garimpeiros can be explained by the exceptional take of 617 grams of gold, about 20 percent of the quantity seized in 2009 during the battle against <a href="/wiki/Illegal_mining" title="Illegal mining">illegal mining</a>", said Phillipe Duporge, the director of French Guiana's border police, at a press conference the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>French Guiana is divided into 3 <a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_the_Guyane_department" title="Arrondissements of the Guyane department">arrondissements</a> and 22 <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Guyane_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Communes of the Guyane department">communes</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Number </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Population (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-pop2019_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop2019-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Individual Map </th> <th>Arrondissement </th> <th>Labelled Map </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Awala-Yalimapo" title="Awala-Yalimapo">Awala-Yalimapo</a> </td> <td>187.4 </td> <td>1,449 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Awala-Yalimapo_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Locator_map_of_Awala-Yalimapo_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Awala-Yalimapo_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Locator_map_of_Awala-Yalimapo_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Awala-Yalimapo_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Locator_map_of_Awala-Yalimapo_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Awala-Yalimapo_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni"><b>Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni</b></a> </td> <td rowspan="22"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Guyane_administrative.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Guyane_administrative.PNG/415px-Guyane_administrative.PNG" decoding="async" width="415" height="516" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Guyane_administrative.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mana,_French_Guiana" title="Mana, French Guiana">Mana</a> </td> <td>6,333 </td> <td>11,675 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Mana_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Locator_map_of_Mana_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Mana_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Locator_map_of_Mana_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Mana_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Locator_map_of_Mana_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Mana_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni" title="Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni">Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni</a> </td> <td>4,830 </td> <td>47,621 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Locator_map_of_Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Locator_map_of_Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Locator_map_of_Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apatou" title="Apatou">Apatou</a> </td> <td>2,020 </td> <td>9,482 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Apatou_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Locator_map_of_Apatou_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Apatou_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Locator_map_of_Apatou_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Apatou_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Locator_map_of_Apatou_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Apatou_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand-Santi" title="Grand-Santi">Grand-Santi</a> </td> <td>2,112 </td> <td>8,779 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Grand-Santi_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Locator_map_of_Grand-Santi_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Grand-Santi_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Locator_map_of_Grand-Santi_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Grand-Santi_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Locator_map_of_Grand-Santi_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Grand-Santi_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Papa%C3%AFchton" class="mw-redirect" title="Papaïchton">Papaïchton</a> </td> <td>2,628 </td> <td>5,757 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Papaichton_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Locator_map_of_Papaichton_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Papaichton_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Locator_map_of_Papaichton_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Papaichton_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Locator_map_of_Papaichton_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Papaichton_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%BCl,_French_Guiana" title="Saül, French Guiana">Saül</a> </td> <td>4,475 </td> <td>152 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Sa%C3%BCl_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Locator_map_of_Sa%C3%BCl_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Sa%C3%BCl_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Locator_map_of_Sa%C3%BCl_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Sa%C3%BCl_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Locator_map_of_Sa%C3%BCl_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Sa%C3%BCl_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maripasoula" title="Maripasoula">Maripasoula</a> </td> <td>18,360 </td> <td>11,842 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Maripasoula_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Locator_map_of_Maripasoula_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Maripasoula_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Locator_map_of_Maripasoula_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Maripasoula_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Locator_map_of_Maripasoula_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Maripasoula_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Camopi" title="Camopi">Camopi</a> </td> <td>10,030 </td> <td>1,864 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Camopi_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Locator_map_of_Camopi_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Camopi_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Locator_map_of_Camopi_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Camopi_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Locator_map_of_Camopi_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Camopi_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Georges" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Georges"><b>Saint-Georges</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges,_French_Guiana" title="Saint-Georges, French Guiana">Saint-Georges</a> </td> <td>2,320 </td> <td>4,245 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Saint-Georges_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Locator_map_of_Saint-Georges_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Georges_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Locator_map_of_Saint-Georges_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Georges_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Locator_map_of_Saint-Georges_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Georges_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ouanary" title="Ouanary">Ouanary</a> </td> <td>1,080 </td> <td>242 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Ouanary_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Locator_map_of_Ouanary_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Ouanary_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Locator_map_of_Ouanary_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Ouanary_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Locator_map_of_Ouanary_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Ouanary_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gina" class="mw-redirect" title="Régina">Régina</a> </td> <td>12,130 </td> <td>854 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_R%C3%A9gina_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Locator_map_of_R%C3%A9gina_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_R%C3%A9gina_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Locator_map_of_R%C3%A9gina_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_R%C3%A9gina_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Locator_map_of_R%C3%A9gina_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_R%C3%A9gina_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roura,_French_Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Roura, French Guiana">Roura</a> </td> <td>3,902.5 </td> <td>3,458 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Roura_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Locator_map_of_Roura_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Roura_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Locator_map_of_Roura_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Roura_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Locator_map_of_Roura_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Roura_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Cayenne" title="Arrondissement of Cayenne"><b>Cayenne</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89lie" title="Saint-Élie">Saint-Élie</a> </td> <td>5,680 </td> <td>247 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Saint-%C3%89lie_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Locator_map_of_Saint-%C3%89lie_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Saint-%C3%89lie_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Locator_map_of_Saint-%C3%89lie_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Saint-%C3%89lie_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Locator_map_of_Saint-%C3%89lie_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Saint-%C3%89lie_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iracoubo" title="Iracoubo">Iracoubo</a> </td> <td>2,762 </td> <td>1,748 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Iracoubo_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Locator_map_of_Iracoubo_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Iracoubo_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Locator_map_of_Iracoubo_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Iracoubo_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Locator_map_of_Iracoubo_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Iracoubo_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinnamary" title="Sinnamary">Sinnamary</a> </td> <td>1,340 </td> <td>2,875 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Sinnamary_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Locator_map_of_Sinnamary_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Sinnamary_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Locator_map_of_Sinnamary_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Sinnamary_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Locator_map_of_Sinnamary_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Sinnamary_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a> </td> <td>2,160 </td> <td>24,903 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Kourou_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Locator_map_of_Kourou_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Kourou_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Locator_map_of_Kourou_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Kourou_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Locator_map_of_Kourou_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Kourou_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macouria" title="Macouria">Macouria</a> </td> <td>377.5 </td> <td>16,219 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Macouria_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Locator_map_of_Macouria_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Macouria_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Locator_map_of_Macouria_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Macouria_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Locator_map_of_Macouria_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Macouria_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montsin%C3%A9ry-Tonnegrande" title="Montsinéry-Tonnegrande">Montsinéry-Tonnegrande</a> </td> <td>634 </td> <td>2,957 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Montsin%C3%A9ry-Tonnegrande_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Locator_map_of_Montsin%C3%A9ry-Tonnegrande_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Montsin%C3%A9ry-Tonnegrande_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Locator_map_of_Montsin%C3%A9ry-Tonnegrande_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Montsin%C3%A9ry-Tonnegrande_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Locator_map_of_Montsin%C3%A9ry-Tonnegrande_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Montsin%C3%A9ry-Tonnegrande_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Matoury" title="Matoury">Matoury</a> </td> <td>137.19 </td> <td>33,458 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Matoury_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Locator_map_of_Matoury_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Matoury_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Locator_map_of_Matoury_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Matoury_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Locator_map_of_Matoury_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Matoury_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> </td> <td>23.6 </td> <td>65,493 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Cayenne_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Locator_map_of_Cayenne_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Cayenne_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Locator_map_of_Cayenne_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Cayenne_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Locator_map_of_Cayenne_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Cayenne_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Remire-Montjoly" title="Remire-Montjoly">Remire-Montjoly</a> </td> <td>46.11 </td> <td>26,358 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Remire-Montjoly_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Locator_map_of_Remire-Montjoly_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Remire-Montjoly_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Locator_map_of_Remire-Montjoly_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Remire-Montjoly_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Locator_map_of_Remire-Montjoly_2018.png/101px-Locator_map_of_Remire-Montjoly_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_French_Guiana" title="Transport in French Guiana">Transport in French Guiana</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pont_depuis_l%27_Oyapock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pont_depuis_l%27_Oyapock.jpg/220px-Pont_depuis_l%27_Oyapock.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pont_depuis_l%27_Oyapock.jpg/330px-Pont_depuis_l%27_Oyapock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pont_depuis_l%27_Oyapock.jpg/440px-Pont_depuis_l%27_Oyapock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Oyapock River Bridge</figcaption></figure> <p>The transportation system in French Guiana is deficient compared to <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan France</a>, being concentrated in the coastal zone of the territory, while the inland municipalities are poorly connected and often difficult to access. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_system">Road system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Road system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>French Guiana has about 2,200 km of <a href="/wiki/Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="Roads">roads</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are divided into: </p> <ul><li>National roads (440 km), divided into RN1, RN2, RN3 and RN4 (the last two downgraded to departmental roads during Raffarin's tenure), which connect the main coastal towns, forming a corridor that crosses the coastal strip from the border with Suriname to that of Brazil: RN1, completed in the 1990s, links <a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> to <a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni" title="Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni">Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni</a>, crossing the municipalities of Macouria, <a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a>, Sinnamary (the stretch of road between Kourou and Sinnamary is locally called Route de l'espace, "space road") and Iracoubo, while RN2 runs from Cayenne to Saint-Georges-de-l'Oyapock, where it continues on BR-156 across the bridge over the Oyapock. Today, all rivers are crossed by road <a href="/wiki/Bridges" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridges">bridges</a>, some of them quite long (e.g. the bridge over the Cayenne River is 1225 m long), whereas until 2004 (the year of completion and inauguration of the Approuague bridge) some rivers were still crossed by barges. Transport on national roads is restricted during the rainy season (from 48 to a maximum of 32 tons), while the maximum speed (monitored by the National Gendarmerie posts at Régina and Iracoubo, which are also in charge of controlling the possible flow of illegal traffic and irregular immigrants) is 90 km/h;</li> <li>Departmental roads (408 km), subdivided into urban and rural departmental roads (rural roads), which serve the coastal Villages, 90% of which have no street lighting;</li> <li>Communal roads or forest tracks (1. 311 km), most of which are closed to ordinary traffic and reserved for authorized personnel (employees of authorized mining or logging companies, forest rangers): the longest tracks are the Bélizon track in the commune of Saül (Guiana) (150 km), the Saint-Élie-diga track in Petit-Saut (26 km), the Coralie track (the oldest in the department, created to reach the Boulanger mine) and the Maripasoula-Papaïchton track. The communal roads are not usually paved and often go into the forest from the departmental roads;</li></ul> <p>Despite the existence of numerous projects to upgrade and asphalt roads (such as the Bélizon road or the Apatou-Maripasoula-Saül axis), which are often opposed by environmental movements because of environmental fragmentation and problems for Amerindian and Maroon communities, several French Guiana municipalities (Ouanary, Camopi, Saül, Saint-Élie, Grand-Santi, Papaïchton, Maripasoula, Apatou) still do not have road access. </p><p>Following a treaty between France and Brazil signed in July 2005, the <a href="/wiki/Oyapock_River_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyapock River Bridge">Oyapock River Bridge</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Oyapock_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyapock River">Oyapock River</a> was built and completed in 2011, becoming the first land crossing ever between French Guiana and the rest of the world (there exists no other bridge crossing the Oyapock River, and no bridge crossing the <a href="/wiki/Maroni_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Maroni River">Maroni River</a> marking the border with Suriname, although there is a ferry crossing to <a href="/wiki/Albina,_Suriname" title="Albina, Suriname">Albina, Suriname</a>). The bridge was officially opened on 18 March 2017, however the border post construction on the Brazilian side caused additional delays.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2020, it possible to drive uninterrupted from Cayenne to <a href="/wiki/Macap%C3%A1" title="Macapá">Macapá</a> (on the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_River" title="Amazon River">Amazon River</a>), the capital of the state of <a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a> in Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway_system">Railway system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Railway system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/French_Guiana" title="Special:EditPage/French Guiana">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_tranchee_du_Camp_du_Tigre._Chemin_de_fer_Saint-Laurent_a_Saint-Jean-du-Maroni_(Administration_penitentiaire).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/La_tranchee_du_Camp_du_Tigre._Chemin_de_fer_Saint-Laurent_a_Saint-Jean-du-Maroni_%28Administration_penitentiaire%29.jpg/220px-La_tranchee_du_Camp_du_Tigre._Chemin_de_fer_Saint-Laurent_a_Saint-Jean-du-Maroni_%28Administration_penitentiaire%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/La_tranchee_du_Camp_du_Tigre._Chemin_de_fer_Saint-Laurent_a_Saint-Jean-du-Maroni_%28Administration_penitentiaire%29.jpg/330px-La_tranchee_du_Camp_du_Tigre._Chemin_de_fer_Saint-Laurent_a_Saint-Jean-du-Maroni_%28Administration_penitentiaire%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/La_tranchee_du_Camp_du_Tigre._Chemin_de_fer_Saint-Laurent_a_Saint-Jean-du-Maroni_%28Administration_penitentiaire%29.jpg/440px-La_tranchee_du_Camp_du_Tigre._Chemin_de_fer_Saint-Laurent_a_Saint-Jean-du-Maroni_%28Administration_penitentiaire%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="523" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>The railway section of the Tiger Camp. Saint-Laurent to Saint-Jean-du-Maroni Railway (Prison Administration <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1905</span>).</figcaption></figure> <p>French Guiana does not have a railway system, with the exception of a small section in the Centre Spatial Guyanais used for the transport of components: when the territory was a <a href="/wiki/Penal_colony" title="Penal colony">penal colony</a>, there were some railroad lines built by the <a href="/wiki/Prisoner" title="Prisoner">prisoners</a> themselves to connect the various baths with each other, the remains of which (now disused and mostly engulfed by the <a href="/wiki/Jungle" title="Jungle">jungle</a>) are still visible in some areas. These lines include the section from Montsinéry-Tonnegrande to the so-called bagne des Annamites, the section from Saint-Élie to the Saut du Tigre <a href="/wiki/Labor_camp" title="Labor camp">labor camp</a> (now submerged by the artificial lake created by the Petit-Saut dam) and the section from Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni-Mana-Saint-Jean-du-Maroni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ports">Ports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/French_Guiana" title="Special:EditPage/French Guiana">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Transportation by boat is quite widespread in French Guiana: among the most important Ports are the port of Dégrad-Des-Cannes, located at the mouth of the Mahury River, in the commune of Rémire-Montjoly, through which most of the imported or exported goods of the territory pass and where the local detachment of the <i><a href="/wiki/Marine_nationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine nationale">Marine nationale</a></i> is housed, and the port of Larivot, located in Matoury, where the Guyanese <a href="/wiki/Fishing_fleet" title="Fishing fleet">fishing fleet</a> is concentrated. </p><p>The port of Dégrad-Des-Cannes, built in 1969 to cope with the impossibility of the former port of Cayenne to decongest the growing maritime traffic, has a rather limited draft, and larger ships often prefer to dock at Ile du Salut to unload people and goods (which are then transported to the <a href="/wiki/Mainland" title="Mainland">mainland</a> by smaller ships) to avoid running aground. The port of Pariacabo in Kourou is home to the Colibri and Toucan ships, which carry components for Ariane missiles. </p><p>The inland rivers are heavily traversed by canoes and other small boats, linking the villages on the Marowijne, Oyapock and Approuague Rivers, which often cannot be reached in any other way; the lake created by the Petit-Saut dam is also frequently crossed, although it is officially forbidden to cross the body of water. </p><p>In the department, 460 km of aquatic environment are considered navigable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/French_Guiana" title="Special:EditPage/French Guiana">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Normand_DSC_0841_(9171675489).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Normand_DSC_0841_%289171675489%29.jpg/220px-Normand_DSC_0841_%289171675489%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Normand_DSC_0841_%289171675489%29.jpg/330px-Normand_DSC_0841_%289171675489%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Normand_DSC_0841_%289171675489%29.jpg/440px-Normand_DSC_0841_%289171675489%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption>Cayenne Airport</figcaption></figure> <p>French Guiana is served by <a href="/wiki/Cayenne_%E2%80%93_F%C3%A9lix_Ebou%C3%A9_Airport" title="Cayenne – Félix Eboué Airport">Cayenne – Félix Eboué Airport</a>, located in Matoury. There are also several <a href="/wiki/Aerodrome" title="Aerodrome">airstrips</a> in the department, located in Camopi, Maripasoula, Ouanary, Saint-Georges-de-l'Oyapock, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni and Saül, for a total of eleven hubs (four paved and seven unpaved). </p><p>From the main airport, there are two daily direct flights to Paris (Paris Orly airport, with an average flight time of about 8 hours and 25 minutes from French Guiana to the capital and 9 hours and 10 minutes vice-versa), offered by <a href="/wiki/Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_Cara%C3%AFbes" title="Air Caraïbes">Air Caraïbes</a>, as well as other flights to <a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pointe-%C3%A0-Pitre" title="Pointe-à-Pitre">Pointe-à-Pitre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a>, Miami and Belém. The regional carrier <a href="/wiki/Air_Guyane_Express" title="Air Guyane Express">Air Guyane Express</a> also offers daily flights to Maripasoula and Saül, as well as more sporadic flights (mainly related to postal deliveries) to Saint-Georges-de-l'Oyapock and Camopi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transportation">Public transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Public transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/French_Guiana" title="Special:EditPage/French Guiana">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agglo%27bus_cayenne_n%C2%B03_de_la_RCT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Agglo%27bus_cayenne_n%C2%B03_de_la_RCT.jpg/220px-Agglo%27bus_cayenne_n%C2%B03_de_la_RCT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Agglo%27bus_cayenne_n%C2%B03_de_la_RCT.jpg/330px-Agglo%27bus_cayenne_n%C2%B03_de_la_RCT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Agglo%27bus_cayenne_n%C2%B03_de_la_RCT.jpg/440px-Agglo%27bus_cayenne_n%C2%B03_de_la_RCT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>An Agglo bus, public transport, in the city of Cayenne, French Guiana</figcaption></figure> <p>The public bus service consisting of seven lines covers the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> and is run by the RCT (Régie Communautaire des Transports), formerly known as SMTC (Syndicat Mixte de Transport en Commun). </p><p>For connections between the coastal towns (except Montsinéry-Tonnegrande), the "collective cab" (Taxis Co) method is quite widespread, which are minibuses with a capacity of about ten people that leave as soon as there is a certain number of users on board. In 2010, the general council reached an agreement with some of the operators of this service to make it at least partially public under the name of TIG (Transporte Interurbano de la Guiana), with fixed departure times and predefined stops. </p><p>On the main rivers (Marowijne and Oyapock), there are pirogue services (called pirogues cabs), which go both to inland centers and across the border (such as Albina in Suriname or Oiapoque in Brazil). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military,_police_and_security_forces"><span id="Military.2C_police_and_security_forces"></span>Military, police and security forces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Military, police and security forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_Armed_Forces">French Armed Forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: French Armed Forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>French military forces in Guiana number around 2,000 personnel<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and include the following: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caserne_Loub%C3%A8re_(15477021260).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caserne_Loub%C3%A8re_%2815477021260%29.jpg/220px-Caserne_Loub%C3%A8re_%2815477021260%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caserne_Loub%C3%A8re_%2815477021260%29.jpg/330px-Caserne_Loub%C3%A8re_%2815477021260%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caserne_Loub%C3%A8re_%2815477021260%29.jpg/440px-Caserne_Loub%C3%A8re_%2815477021260%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4481" data-file-height="2871" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters of the 9th Marine Infantry Regiment (9e RIMa) in Cayenne</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/9th_Marine_Infantry_Regiment" title="9th Marine Infantry Regiment">9th Marine Infantry Regiment</a> (9<sup>e</sup> RIMa) in <a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a>, the Madeleine.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/3rd_Foreign_Infantry_Regiment" title="3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment">3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment</a> (3<sup>e</sup> REI) in <a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a>.</li> <li>The RSMAG Regiment (Adapted Military Service) of French Guiana, located in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-du-Maroni" title="Saint-Jean-du-Maroni">Saint-Jean-du-Maroni</a>, with a detachment in Cayenne.</li> <li>Various detachments: <ul><li>68 Air Transport Squadron which includes: five <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_SA_330_Puma" title="Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma">Puma helicopters</a>, four <a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_Fennec" title="Eurocopter Fennec">Fennec helicopters</a> and three <a href="/wiki/CASA/IPTN_CN-235" title="CASA/IPTN CN-235">Casa CN235 aircraft</a><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A platoon of the <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a>, based at the naval base of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9grad_des_Cannes" title="Dégrad des Cannes">Dégrad des Cannes</a> and operating two <a href="/wiki/Confiance-class_patrol_vessel" title="Confiance-class patrol vessel"><i>Confiance</i>-class patrol vessels</a>: <i>La Confiance</i> and <i>La Résolue</i>, as well as one <i>Net Retrieval Boat</i> (ERF - <i>La Caouanne</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One <i>Engins de Débarquement Amphibie – Standards</i> (EDA-S) landing craft is also to be delivered to naval forces based in French Guiana by 2025. The landing craft is to better support coastal and riverine operations in the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A detachment of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Fire_Brigade" title="Paris Fire Brigade">Paris Fire Brigade</a> in Kourou, ensuring the protection of the <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana Space Centre</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gendarmerie_and_National_Police">Gendarmerie and National Police</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Gendarmerie and National Police"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Elements of the <a href="/wiki/National_Gendarmerie_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Gendarmerie (France)">National Gendarmerie</a> (some 840 personnel) and <a href="/wiki/French_National_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="French National Police">the national police</a> are deployed in French Guiana and are divided into 16 "brigades". These serve <a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Remire-Montjoly" title="Remire-Montjoly">Remire-Montjoly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cacao,_French_Guiana" title="Cacao, French Guiana">Cacao</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gina" class="mw-redirect" title="Régina">Régina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-de-l%27Oyapock" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Georges-de-l'Oyapock">Saint-Georges-de-l'Oyapock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camopi" title="Camopi">Camopi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macouria" title="Macouria">Macouria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinnamary" title="Sinnamary">Sinnamary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iracoubo" title="Iracoubo">Iracoubo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mana,_French_Guiana" title="Mana, French Guiana">Mana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni" title="Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni">Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apatou" title="Apatou">Apatou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand-Santi" title="Grand-Santi">Grand-Santi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papa%C3%AFchton" class="mw-redirect" title="Papaïchton">Papaïchton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maripasoula" title="Maripasoula">Maripasoula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matoury" title="Matoury">Matoury</a>. The National Gendarmerie include five mobile gendarmerie squadrons.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>The Maritime Gendarmerie operates the patrol boats <a href="/wiki/Vedette_c%C3%B4ti%C3%A8re_de_surveillance_maritime" title="Vedette côtière de surveillance maritime"><i>Charente</i> and <i>Organabo</i></a> in the territory, <i>Charente</i> having been deployed to the territory in 2022 to replace the previous boat <i>Mahury</i> which was no longer deemed serviceable.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/French_Guiana" title="Special:EditPage/French Guiana">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maison_Th%C3%A9mire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Maison_Th%C3%A9mire.jpg/150px-Maison_Th%C3%A9mire.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Maison_Th%C3%A9mire.jpg/225px-Maison_Th%C3%A9mire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Maison_Th%C3%A9mire.jpg/300px-Maison_Th%C3%A9mire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption>Thémire house, Creole style, in <a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The local architecture is characterized by its <a href="/wiki/Guianan_Creole" class="mw-redirect" title="Guianan Creole">Creole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amerindian" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerindian">Amerindian</a> and Bushinenge influences. The main towns contain predominantly Creole-style architecture, with some Western-style buildings and forts. In the communes with the black maroon populations one can see houses of bushinengue styles. And the Amerindian communes are recognized for their pre-colonial type carbets. Most of these buildings were designed with local materials, such as wood from the Amazonian forests and bricks made on site. These local architectures blend with contemporary style buildings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivities">Festivities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Festivities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_French_Guiana" title="Music of French Guiana">Music of French Guiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnival_in_French_Guiana" title="Carnival in French Guiana">Carnival in French Guiana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Touloulou" title="Touloulou">Touloulou</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chevaux_d%27air_et_de_lumi%C3%A8re,_grande_parade_du_carnaval,_Kourou,_Guyane_Fran%C3%A7aise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chevaux_d%27air_et_de_lumi%C3%A8re%2C_grande_parade_du_carnaval%2C_Kourou%2C_Guyane_Fran%C3%A7aise.jpg/220px-Chevaux_d%27air_et_de_lumi%C3%A8re%2C_grande_parade_du_carnaval%2C_Kourou%2C_Guyane_Fran%C3%A7aise.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chevaux_d%27air_et_de_lumi%C3%A8re%2C_grande_parade_du_carnaval%2C_Kourou%2C_Guyane_Fran%C3%A7aise.jpg/330px-Chevaux_d%27air_et_de_lumi%C3%A8re%2C_grande_parade_du_carnaval%2C_Kourou%2C_Guyane_Fran%C3%A7aise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chevaux_d%27air_et_de_lumi%C3%A8re%2C_grande_parade_du_carnaval%2C_Kourou%2C_Guyane_Fran%C3%A7aise.jpg/440px-Chevaux_d%27air_et_de_lumi%C3%A8re%2C_grande_parade_du_carnaval%2C_Kourou%2C_Guyane_Fran%C3%A7aise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Horses of air and light at the Big Parade of the Litoral, in <a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a> is one of the major events in French Guiana. Considered the longest in the world, it takes place on afternoon of Sunday, between <a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a> at the beginning of January and <a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a> in February or (month). Groups disguised according to the theme of the year parade around decorated floats to the rhythm of percussion and brass. The preparation of the groups starts months before the carnival. The groups parade in front of thousands of spectators who gather on the <a href="/wiki/Sidewalks" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidewalks">sidewalks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bleachers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bleachers">bleachers</a> arranged for the occasion. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Touloulous.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Touloulous.jpg/220px-Touloulous.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Touloulous.jpg/330px-Touloulous.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Touloulous.jpg/440px-Touloulous.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="901" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Touloulou" title="Touloulou">Touloulous</a> in Cayenne streets in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>Brazilian groups identical to those in the <a href="/wiki/Carnival_in_Rio_de_Janeiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnival in Rio de Janeiro">Rio carnival</a> are also appreciated for their rhythms and their alluring costumes. The Chinese community of Cayenne also participates in the <a href="/wiki/Parade" title="Parade">parades</a>, bringing its characteristic touch, <a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">dragons</a>. </p><p>At the start of the evening, the <a href="/wiki/Touloulou" title="Touloulou">Touloulous</a>, typical characters of the Guianan carnival, go to the <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">dancings</a> to participate in the famous <a href="/wiki/Masquerade_ball#Contemporary_era" title="Masquerade ball">paré-masked balls</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/French_Guianan_cuisine" title="French Guianan cuisine">French Guianan cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Couac" title="Couac">Couac</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/French_Guiana" title="Special:EditPage/French Guiana">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plat_typique_de_Guyane_fran%C3%A7aise,_l%27Atipa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Plat_typique_de_Guyane_fran%C3%A7aise%2C_l%27Atipa.jpg/220px-Plat_typique_de_Guyane_fran%C3%A7aise%2C_l%27Atipa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Plat_typique_de_Guyane_fran%C3%A7aise%2C_l%27Atipa.jpg/330px-Plat_typique_de_Guyane_fran%C3%A7aise%2C_l%27Atipa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Plat_typique_de_Guyane_fran%C3%A7aise%2C_l%27Atipa.jpg/440px-Plat_typique_de_Guyane_fran%C3%A7aise%2C_l%27Atipa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hoplosternum_littorale" title="Hoplosternum littorale">Atipa</a> in coconut milk, typical dish of Guiana cuisine</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Guianan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Guianan cuisine">Guianan cuisine</a> is rich in the different cultures that mix in French Guiana. Creole restaurants rub shoulders with Chinese restaurants in large cities such as <a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni" title="Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni">Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni</a>. The local culinary art originally brought together <a href="/wiki/Guianan_Creole" class="mw-redirect" title="Guianan Creole">Guianan Creole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bushinengue" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushinengue">Bushinengue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_South_America" title="Indigenous peoples of South America">Native American</a> cuisines. </p><p>All of these cuisines have several ingredients in common: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manioc" class="mw-redirect" title="Manioc">Manioc</a>;</li> <li>Smoked meats and fish</li></ul> <p>This southern Caribbean territory has many typical dishes, such as <a href="/wiki/Awara_broth" title="Awara broth">Awara broth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galette#Creole_galette" title="Galette">Creole galette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diz%C3%A9_mil%C3%A9" title="Dizé milé">Dizé milé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Countess_(cake)" title="Countess (cake)">Countess</a>, Cramanioc pudding, Kalawanng, <a href="/wiki/Couac" title="Couac">Couac</a> gratin and salad, Fricasse of iguana or its famous Pimentade (fish or chicken <a href="/wiki/Court-bouillon" title="Court-bouillon">court-bouillon</a>). </p><p>Atipas are local fishes beloved by the French Guianese often prepared with coconut milk. </p><p>At Easter, Guianan people eat a traditional dish called <a href="/wiki/Awara_broth" title="Awara broth">Awara broth</a>. </p><p>For weddings, locals traditionally eat Colombo, which is a type of curry that has become a staple of the French Guianese cuisine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>French Guiana literature includes all works written by local authors or persons related to French Guiana. It is expressed both in French and in <a href="/wiki/French_Guianese_Creole" title="French Guianese Creole">Guianan Creole</a>. </p><p>Local literature is a literature closely related to that of the <a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies" title="French West Indies">French West Indies</a>: especially the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">Caribbean islands</a> of <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>. For some, it is an <a href="/wiki/Antilles" title="Antilles">Antillean</a>-<a href="/wiki/Guiana_Shield" title="Guiana Shield">Guyanese</a> literature in relation to the themes addressed, which are mainly related to slavery and other social problems. Thus, this literature takes several forms. First, orality, because it is a characteristic element of Guianan literature, as in many countries of Black America. In this connection, we can consider tales, <a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">Legends</a>, fables and, in another form, Novels.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nineteenth century French Guiana is marked by a weak presence of writers. At that time, writers only published a few scattered poems in local newspapers. Today, however, it is difficult to trace the writings of some French Guianan poets: Ho-A-Sim-Elosem, Munian, R. Octaville, etc. Two Guianan poets are the exception. According to Ndagano (1996), Ismaÿl Urbain<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Fabien Flavien would be considered the first French Guianan poets.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Alfred Parépou is a writer who marked his era with his work Atipa (1885). </p><p>The period from 1900 to 1950 constitutes an important stage in local literature insofar as it gave birth to numerous writers who had a considerable impact, such as those of <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9gritude" title="Négritude">Negritude</a> (Négritude). The Guianan of the 1950s and 1960s is notable for writing about the black cause. Serge Patient and Elie Stephenson did address this issue in their writings. </p><p>Since 1970 different generations of writers have become aware of the black cause or <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>. Whether through their writings or their political activities, they take into account this painful period that had serious consequences on the local society and on the black world in general. For this <a href="/wiki/Generation" title="Generation">generation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christiane_Taubira" title="Christiane Taubira">Christiane Taubira</a> remains the figurehead. Other writers are interested in other types of themes, such as regional nature, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/French_Guiana" title="Special:EditPage/French Guiana">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sport in French Guiana dates back to long before the colonial period. Popularized since the 19th century, the first sports competition organized to commemorate 14 July was held in 1890. At that time, there were already physical activities favorable to the inhabitants of this <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazonian</a> territory, but also sports coming from Europe, which favored the <a href="/wiki/Colonization" title="Colonization">colonizers</a>. There were foot races, donkey races, canoe races, bicycle races, tricycle races, nautical regattas in the ports, and traditional popular games. </p><p>The most popular sport in French Guiana today is football, followed by basketball, cycling, swimming and handball, although there are some canoeing, judo, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, aikido, karate, fencing, horseback riding, rowing and volleyball clubs in the department. </p><p>As a French Overseas department, Guiana is not a member of the <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Sports_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan American Sports Organization">Pan American Sports Organization</a>; rather, athletes compete within the <a href="/wiki/French_National_Olympic_and_Sports_Committee" title="French National Olympic and Sports Committee">French National Olympic and Sports Committee</a> and are governed by the <a href="/wiki/Ligue_d%27Athl%C3%A9tisme_de_la_Guyane" title="Ligue d'Athlétisme de la Guyane">Ligue d'Athlétisme de la Guyane</a>, a sub-unit of the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_fran%C3%A7aise_d%27athl%C3%A9tisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération française d'athlétisme">Fédération française d'athlétisme</a>. </p><p>Starting in 1960, the <a href="/wiki/Tour_of_Guiana" title="Tour of Guiana">Tour of Guiana</a>, an annual <a href="/wiki/Stage_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Stage race">multiple-stage</a> <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle racing">bicycle race</a>, is held.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football">Football</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The territory has its own local team, the <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana_national_football_team" title="French Guiana national football team">French Guiana football</a> team. A regional football league, the <a href="/wiki/Ligue_de_football_de_la_Guyane" title="Ligue de football de la Guyane">LFG</a> (Ligue de Football de la Guyane), was established in October 1962. It is currently not affiliated to <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a>, but has been affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/French_Football_Federation" title="French Football Federation">FFF</a> (French Football Federation<i>)</i> since 27 April 1963 and has been an associate member of <a href="/wiki/CONCACAF" title="CONCACAF">CONCACAF</a> (North, Central American and Caribbean League) since 1978. In April 2013, the LFG became a full member of CONCACAF. </p><p>The French Guiana Football Team, also known as Yana Dòkò, is a selection of the best local players under the auspices of the LFG. It is not recognized by FIFA, but participates in CONCACAF competitions. It played its first match against <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Guiana_national_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Guiana national football team">Dutch Guiana</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>) in 1936, losing 1 to 3.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had its biggest victory on 26 September 2012 against <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">St. Pierre and Miquelon</a> (11 to 1) and its biggest defeat was also against Dutch Guiana, losing 9 to 0 on 2 March 1947. </p><p>The team has participated in events such as the CONCACAF Nations Cup / <a href="/wiki/2021_CONCACAF_Gold_Cup" title="2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup">Gold Cup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Cup" title="Caribbean Cup">Caribbean Nations Cup</a> (between 1978 and 2017), CONCACAF Nations League, Overseas Cup (Coupe de l'Outre-Mer, 2008–2012) and the Tournament of 4 (Tournoi des 4). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baduel_Stadium_(15476357808).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Baduel_Stadium_%2815476357808%29.jpg/220px-Baduel_Stadium_%2815476357808%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Baduel_Stadium_%2815476357808%29.jpg/330px-Baduel_Stadium_%2815476357808%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Baduel_Stadium_%2815476357808%29.jpg/440px-Baduel_Stadium_%2815476357808%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3503" data-file-height="2251" /></a><figcaption>Georges-Chaumet Stadium, French Guiana</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tour">Tour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Tour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tour_of_Guiana" title="Tour of Guiana">Tour of Guiana</a> (locally: Tour de Guyane), formerly known as "Le Tour du Littoral" (the Littoral Tour) or more rarely as "La Grande Boucle Guayanaise", is a <a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">cycling</a> stage race that takes place mainly in French Guiana each year, although it occasionally crosses neighbouring countries. </p><p>It takes place in nine stages, with a route linking the main towns of the department: Cayenne, <a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a>, and Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. It was created in 1950 and is organised by the Comité Régional de Cyclisme de la Guyane (French Guiana Cycling Committee). </p><p> The tour has been international since 1978. Over the years it has gained in importance and popularity and its duration has increased. The participation has grown from a mostly French Guianan group in the first editions to editions with more than 10 different nationalities. The 2020 edition of the Tour could not take place due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> pandemic. This is also the case for the Tour in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kevin_Seraphin_Wizards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kevin_Seraphin_Wizards.jpg/220px-Kevin_Seraphin_Wizards.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kevin_Seraphin_Wizards.jpg/330px-Kevin_Seraphin_Wizards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kevin_Seraphin_Wizards.jpg/440px-Kevin_Seraphin_Wizards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2265" data-file-height="3037" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kevin_S%C3%A9raphin" title="Kevin Séraphin">Kevin Séraphin</a>, ex <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a> player</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_French_Guiana-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of French Guiana-related articles">Index of French Guiana-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_and_departmental_heads_of_French_Guiana" title="List of colonial and departmental heads of French Guiana">List of colonial and departmental heads of French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Independent_Guiana" title="Republic of Independent Guiana">Republic of Independent Guiana</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; French: <i lang="fr">Guyane</i>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ɡɥijan]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/59\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Guyane.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Guyane.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Guyane.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Guyane.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-Guyane.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-GrandCelinien-Guyane.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Guyane.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/French_Guianese_Creole" title="French Guianese Creole">French Guianese Creole</a>: <i lang="gcr">Lagwiyann</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gcr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[la.ɡwi.jãn]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">French: <i lang="fr">Collectivité territoriale de Guyane</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">French: <i lang="fr">Assemblée de Guyane</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guyane.gouv.fr/Services-de-l-Etat/Organisation-des-services-de-l-Etat/Le-Prefet">"Le Préfet - Représentant de l'État, du gouvernement et de l'Europe"</a>. <i>Les services de l'État en Guyane</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Les+services+de+l%27%C3%89tat+en+Guyane&rft.atitle=Le+Pr%C3%A9fet+-+Repr%C3%A9sentant+de+l%27%C3%89tat%2C+du+gouvernement+et+de+l%27Europe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guyane.gouv.fr%2FServices-de-l-Etat%2FOrganisation-des-services-de-l-Etat%2FLe-Prefet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-area_total-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-area_total_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-area_total_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristiane_Taubira2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Christiane_Taubira" title="Christiane Taubira">Christiane Taubira</a> (28 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://questions.assemblee-nationale.fr/q13/13-47507QE.htm">"FICHE QUESTION"</a>. <i>Questions National Assembly of France</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Questions+National+Assembly+of+France&rft.atitle=FICHE+QUESTION&rft.date=2009-04-28&rft.au=Christiane+Taubira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquestions.assemblee-nationale.fr%2Fq13%2F13-47507QE.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unsurface-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unsurface_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unsurface_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unsurface_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYB2013/Table03.pdf">"Population by sex, annual rate of population increase, surface area and density"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>United Nations</i>. 2013. p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc. pp. 372–373. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85109-411-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85109-411-3"><bdi>1-85109-411-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=France+and+the+Americas%3A+Culture%2C+Politics%2C+and+History&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pages=372-373&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-85109-411-3&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Djfq5Tp0nq98C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/219071/French-Guiana/2490/History">"French Guiana"</a>, <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Clare. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://staffblogs.le.ac.uk/carchipelago/2015/07/27/convicts-collecting-and-knowledge-production-in-the-nineteenth-century/">"Convicts, Collecting and Knowledge Production in the Nineteenth Century"</a>. <i>staffblogs.le.ac.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=staffblogs.le.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Convicts%2C+Collecting+and+Knowledge+Production+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Clare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstaffblogs.le.ac.uk%2Fcarchipelago%2F2015%2F07%2F27%2Fconvicts-collecting-and-knowledge-production-in-the-nineteenth-century%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlos_A._Parodi2002" class="citation book cs1">Carlos A. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T401+%3A+Taux+de+ch%C3%B4mage+localis%C3%A9+au+2e+trimestre+par+d%C3%A9partement+d%27outre-mer&rft.au=INSEE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2Ffichier%2F1409940%2Firsoceds2013_T401.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFINSEE" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/serie/001787735">"Taux de chômage au sens du BIT (moyenne annuelle) - Ensemble - Guyane"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taux+de+ch%C3%B4mage+au+sens+du+BIT+%28moyenne+annuelle%29+-+Ensemble+-+Guyane&rft.au=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2Fserie%2F001787735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLepelletierGay1989" class="citation journal cs1">Lepelletier, L.; et al. (July 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/b_fdi_39-40/43380.pdf">"Le paludisme en Guyane : I. Situation générale de l'endémie"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique</i>. <b>82</b> (3): 385–392<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+de+Pathologie+Exotique&rft.atitle=Le+paludisme+en+Guyane+%3A+I.+Situation+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+l%27end%C3%A9mie&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=385-392&rft.date=1989-07&rft.aulast=Lepelletier&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Gay%2C+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhorizon.documentation.ird.fr%2Fexl-doc%2Fpleins_textes%2Fpleins_textes_6%2Fb_fdi_39-40%2F43380.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexandre_Moreau_de_Jonnès1842" class="citation book cs1">Alexandre Moreau de Jonnès (1842). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PpRRAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA21"><i>Recherches statistiques sur l'esclavage colonial et les moyens de le supprimer</i></a>. Imprimerie de Bourgogne et Martinet. p. 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recherches+statistiques+sur+l%27esclavage+colonial+et+les+moyens+de+le+supprimer&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Imprimerie+de+Bourgogne+et+Martinet&rft.date=1842&rft.au=Alexandre+Moreau+de+Jonn%C3%A8s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPpRRAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerge_Mam-Lam-Fouck1987" class="citation book cs1">Serge Mam-Lam-Fouck (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k33227909/f42.item.texteImage">"Chapitre 2 : Le système esclavagiste"</a>. <i>Histoire de la société guyanaise : les années cruciales, 1848-1946</i>. Éditions Caribéennes. p. 32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapitre+2+%3A+Le+syst%C3%A8me+esclavagiste&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+guyanaise+%3A+les+ann%C3%A9es+cruciales%2C+1848-1946&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Carib%C3%A9ennes&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Serge+Mam-Lam-Fouck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k33227909%2Ff42.item.texteImage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerge_Mam-Lam-Fouck1987" class="citation book cs1">Serge Mam-Lam-Fouck (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MmRYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT222">"Chapitre 6 : Elite et masses populaires"</a>. <i>Histoire de la société guyanaise : les années cruciales, 1848-1946</i>. Éditions Caribéennes. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782402040815" title="Special:BookSources/9782402040815"><bdi>9782402040815</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapitre+6+%3A+Elite+et+masses+populaires&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+guyanaise+%3A+les+ann%C3%A9es+cruciales%2C+1848-1946&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Carib%C3%A9ennes&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9782402040815&rft.au=Serge+Mam-Lam-Fouck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMmRYDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1954-1982-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1954-1982_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XA42PtWFuVAC&pg=PA360">"French Guiana"</a>. <i>World Population 1983. Recent Demographic Estimates for the Countries and Regions of the World</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">US Department of Commerce</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Bureau of the Census</a>. 1983. p. 360.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=French+Guiana&rft.btitle=World+Population+1983.+Recent+Demographic+Estimates+for+the+Countries+and+Regions+of+the+World.&rft.pages=360&rft.pub=US+Department+of+Commerce%2C+Bureau+of+the+Census&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXA42PtWFuVAC%26pg%3DPA360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/aire-attraction-des-villes-2020/9C1-cayenne">Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Cayenne</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/information/4803954">"Base des aires d'attraction des villes 2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Base+des+aires+d%27attraction+des+villes+2020&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Finformation%2F4803954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=-401583,5301310,485465,267358&c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2021&selcodgeo=9C1&t=A01&view=map13">"Statistiques locales: Aire d'attraction des villes 2020, population municipale 2021"</a>. <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistiques+locales%3A+Aire+d%27attraction+des+villes+2020%2C+population+municipale+2021&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistiques-locales.insee.fr%2F%23bbox%3D-401583%2C5301310%2C485465%2C267358%26c%3Dindicator%26i%3Dpop_depuis_1876.pop%26s%3D2021%26selcodgeo%3D9C1%26t%3DA01%26view%3Dmap13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFINSEE" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/3698339">"Historique des populations communales - Recensements de la population 1876-2021"</a> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historique+des+populations+communales+-+Recensements+de+la+population+1876-2021&rft.au=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F3698339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-immig_2-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-immig_2_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-immig_2_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFINSEE" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6456040?sommaire=6456104">"Individus localisés à la région en 2019 - Recensement de la population - Fichiers détail"</a> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Individus+localis%C3%A9s+%C3%A0+la+r%C3%A9gion+en+2019+-+Recensement+de+la+population+-+Fichiers+d%C3%A9tail&rft.au=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F6456040%3Fsommaire%3D6456104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-immig_1-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-immig_1_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFINSEE" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6023301?sommaire=2414232">"Données harmonisées des recensements de la population 1968–2018"</a> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donn%C3%A9es+harmonis%C3%A9es+des+recensements+de+la+population+1968%E2%80%932018&rft.au=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F6023301%3Fsommaire%3D2414232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMedina2020" class="citation news cs1">Medina, Alicia (12 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syriadirect.org/the-unexpected-journey-of-syrian-refugees-in-french-guiana/">"The unexpected journey of Syrian refugees in French Guiana"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+unexpected+journey+of+Syrian+refugees+in+French+Guiana&rft.date=2020-11-12&rft.aulast=Medina&rft.aufirst=Alicia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsyriadirect.org%2Fthe-unexpected-journey-of-syrian-refugees-in-french-guiana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOberti2020" class="citation news cs1">Oberti, Charlotte (30 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/28188/french-guiana-a-new-migrant-gateway-to-france-buckles-under-pressure">"French Guiana: A new migrant gateway to France buckles under pressure"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=French+Guiana%3A+A+new+migrant+gateway+to+France+buckles+under+pressure&rft.date=2020-10-30&rft.aulast=Oberti&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infomigrants.net%2Fen%2Fpost%2F28188%2Ffrench-guiana-a-new-migrant-gateway-to-france-buckles-under-pressure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThebia2021" class="citation news cs1">Thebia, Boris (3 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/photo-feature/2021/2/3/french-guiana-cuba-migrants-EU-asylum-life-in-limbo">"In a French outpost in South America, no secret EU gateway for fleeing Cubans"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cols+Bleus&rft.atitle=Marine+Nationale+Dossier+d%27Information%2C+p.+23&rft.date=2023-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.colsbleus.fr%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-02%2FDIM%25202023_PLANCHE_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/11/first-two-eda-s-next-gen-amphibious-landing-crafts-delivered-to-french-dga/">"First Two EDA-S Next Gen Amphibious Landing Craft Delivered to French DGA"</a>. 25 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126153129/https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/11/first-two-eda-s-next-gen-amphibious-landing-crafts-delivered-to-french-dga/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Two+EDA-S+Next+Gen+Amphibious+Landing+Craft+Delivered+to+French+DGA&rft.date=2021-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.navalnews.com%2Fnaval-news%2F2021%2F11%2Ffirst-two-eda-s-next-gen-amphibious-landing-crafts-delivered-to-french-dga%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senat.fr/rap/r08-519-2/r08-519-229.html">"Les DOM, défi pour la République, chance pour la France, 100 propositions pour fonder l'avenir (Volume 2, comptes rendus des auditions et des déplacements de la mission)"</a>. 3 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+DOM%2C+d%C3%A9fi+pour+la+R%C3%A9publique%2C+chance+pour+la+France%2C+100+propositions+pour+fonder+l%27avenir+%28Volume+2%2C+comptes+rendus+des+auditions+et+des+d%C3%A9placements+de+la+mission%29&rft.date=2023-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senat.fr%2Frap%2Fr08-519-2%2Fr08-519-229.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroizeleau2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Groizeleau, Vincent (5 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meretmarine.com/fr/defense/le-marfret-niolon-emmene-une-vedette-de-la-gendarmerie-maritime-en-guyane">"Le Marfret Niolon emmène une vedette de la Gendarmerie maritime en Guyane"</a> [The Marfret Niolon takes a Maritime Gendarmerie patrol boat to Guyana]. <i>Mer et Marine</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mer+et+Marine&rft.atitle=Le+Marfret+Niolon+emm%C3%A8ne+une+vedette+de+la+Gendarmerie+maritime+en+Guyane&rft.date=2022-12-05&rft.aulast=Groizeleau&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meretmarine.com%2Ffr%2Fdefense%2Fle-marfret-niolon-emmene-une-vedette-de-la-gendarmerie-maritime-en-guyane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.homelandsecurity-technology.com/projects/vedette-cotiere-de-surveillance-maritime-boats/">"Vedette Côtière de Surveillance Maritime (VCSM) Boats"</a>. Homelandsecurity Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207152543/https://www.homelandsecurity-technology.com/projects/vedette-cotiere-de-surveillance-maritime-boats/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vedette+C%C3%B4ti%C3%A8re+de+Surveillance+Maritime+%28VCSM%29+Boats&rft.pub=Homelandsecurity+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.homelandsecurity-technology.com%2Fprojects%2Fvedette-cotiere-de-surveillance-maritime-boats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blaise Bitegue Dit Manga, « La Littérature guyanaise de demain, d'où vient-elle? », Nouvelles Études Francophones, vol. 23, no 2, 2008, p. 155–176</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ile-en-ile.org/urbain/">"Ismaÿl Urbain"</a>. <i>Île en île</i> (in French). 25 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C3%8Ele+en+%C3%AEle&rft.atitle=Isma%C3%BFl+Urbain&rft.date=2017-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2File-en-ile.org%2Furbain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Biringanine Ndagano, Introduction à la littérature guyanaise, CDDP de la Guyane, 1996 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-908931-16-8" title="Special:BookSources/2-908931-16-8">2-908931-16-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-908931-16-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-908931-16-7">978-2-908931-16-7</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39181587">39181587</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guyane-cyclisme.com/">"Comité Régional de Cyclisme de la Guyane"</a>. <i>Guyane Cyclisme</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guyane+Cyclisme&rft.atitle=Comit%C3%A9+R%C3%A9gional+de+Cyclisme+de+la+Guyane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guyane-cyclisme.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soccer-db.info/index.php?option=com_joomsport&task=view_match&id=2031">"French Guyana 1:3 Suriname (Guayana Francesa 1:3 Surinam)"</a>. <i>www.soccer-db.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.soccer-db.info&rft.atitle=French+Guyana+1%3A3+Suriname+%28Guayana+Francesa+1%3A3+Surinam%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soccer-db.info%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_joomsport%26task%3Dview_match%26id%3D2031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/guyane/tour-cycliste-de-guyane-2021-l-evenement-sportif-de-l-annee-prevu-en-aout-est-annule-annonce-jean-yves-thiver-1053670.html">"Tour cycliste de Guyane 2021 : l'événement sportif de l'année, prévu en août est annulé annonce Jean-Yves Thiver"</a>. <i>Guyane la 1ère</i> (in French). 7 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guyane+la+1%C3%A8re&rft.atitle=Tour+cycliste+de+Guyane+2021+%3A+l%27%C3%A9v%C3%A9nement+sportif+de+l%27ann%C3%A9e%2C+pr%C3%A9vu+en+ao%C3%BBt+est+annul%C3%A9+annonce+Jean-Yves+Thiver&rft.date=2021-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fla1ere.francetvinfo.fr%2Fguyane%2Ftour-cycliste-de-guyane-2021-l-evenement-sportif-de-l-annee-prevu-en-aout-est-annule-annonce-jean-yves-thiver-1053670.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chant du départ" is unofficially the regional anthem.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAldrichConnell2006" class="citation book cs1">Aldrich, Robert; Connell, John (2006). <i>France's overseas frontier: départements et territoires d'outre-mer</i>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-03036-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-03036-6"><bdi>978-0-521-03036-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=France%27s+overseas+frontier%3A+d%C3%A9partements+et+territoires+d%27outre-mer&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-03036-6&rft.aulast=Aldrich&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Connell%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelbenoît1938" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Belbeno%C3%AEt" title="René Belbenoît">Belbenoît, René</a> (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Dry_Guillotine/"><i>Dry Guillotine: Fifteen Years Amongst the Living Dead</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/E._P._Dutton" title="E. P. Dutton">E. P. Dutton</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/974430">974430</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dry+Guillotine%3A+Fifteen+Years+Amongst+the+Living+Dead&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=E.+P.+Dutton&rft.date=1938&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F974430&rft.aulast=Belbeno%C3%AEt&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FDry_Guillotine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelbenoit1941" class="citation book cs1">Belbenoit, René (1941). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hellontrial0000unse"><i>Hell on trial</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Blue_Ribbon_Books" title="Blue Ribbon Books">Blue Ribbon Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/657176527">657176527</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hell+on+trial&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Blue+Ribbon+Books&rft.date=1941&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F657176527&rft.aulast=Belbenoit&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhellontrial0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharrièreO'BrianCharrière1999" class="citation book cs1">Charrière, Henri; O'Brian, Patrick; Charrière, Henri (1999) [1969]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/papillon-henri-charriere"><i>Papillon</i></a>. Panther Books. London: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-586-03486-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-586-03486-6"><bdi>978-0-586-03486-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62277657">62277657</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Papillon&rft.place=London&rft.series=Panther+Books&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62277657&rft.isbn=978-0-586-03486-6&rft.aulast=Charri%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft.au=O%27Brian%2C+Patrick&rft.au=Charri%C3%A8re%2C+Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpapillon-henri-charriere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGimlette2011" class="citation book cs1">Gimlette, John (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1l69UM5GoEkC"><i>Wild Coast: travels on South America's untamed edge</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Profile_Books" title="Profile Books">Profile Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84668-252-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84668-252-0"><bdi>978-1-84668-252-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wild+Coast%3A+travels+on+South+America%27s+untamed+edge&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Profile+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84668-252-0&rft.aulast=Gimlette&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1l69UM5GoEkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyles2014" class="citation book cs1">Hyles, Joshua R. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VTFXAgAAQBAJ"><i>Guiana and the shadows of empire: colonial and cultural negotiations at the edge of the world</i></a>. Lanham, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexington Books">Lexington Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-8779-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-8779-1"><bdi>978-0-7391-8779-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guiana+and+the+shadows+of+empire%3A+colonial+and+cultural+negotiations+at+the+edge+of+the+world&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-8779-1&rft.aulast=Hyles&rft.aufirst=Joshua+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVTFXAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedfield2000" class="citation book cs1">Redfield, Peter (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=skvfXT-lgLYC"><i>Space in the tropics: from convicts to rockets in French Guiana</i></a>. Berkeley: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-21984-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-21984-7"><bdi>978-0-520-21984-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Space+in+the+tropics%3A+from+convicts+to+rockets+in+French+Guiana&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-520-21984-7&rft.aulast=Redfield&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DskvfXT-lgLYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpieler2011" class="citation book cs1">Spieler, Miranda Frances (2011). <i>Empire and underworld: captivity in French Guiana</i>. Cambridge, Mass: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-05754-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-05754-8"><bdi>978-0-674-05754-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+and+underworld%3A+captivity+in+French+Guiana&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-674-05754-8&rft.aulast=Spieler&rft.aufirst=Miranda+Frances&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Guiana" class="Z3988"></span> Studies slaves, criminals, indentured workers, and other marginalized people from 1789 to 1870.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Guiana&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:French_Guiana" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:French Guiana">French Guiana</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guyane.gouv.fr/">Prefecture website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctguyane.fr/">Collectivité territoriale de Guyane website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guyane-amazonie.fr/">Tourism committee of French Guiana</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_French_Guiana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_French_Guiana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to French Guiana</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marowijne_District" title="Marowijne District">Marowijne District</a>, Suriname</td> <td><i>Atlantic Ocean</i></td> <td><i>Atlantic Ocean</i></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Sipaliwini_District" title="Sipaliwini District">Sipaliwini District</a>, Suriname</td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">French Guiana</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a>, Brazil</td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a>, Brazil</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a>, Brazil</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a>, Brazil</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px_Topics_related_to_French_Guiana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="25px_Topics_related_to_French_Guiana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kpdf2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nuvola_apps_kpdf2.png/25px-Nuvola_apps_kpdf2.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nuvola_apps_kpdf2.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_kpdf2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Nuvola_apps_kpdf2.png/50px-Nuvola_apps_kpdf2.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Topics related to French Guiana</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_South_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_South_America" title="Template:Countries of South America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_South_America" title="Template talk:Countries of South America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_South_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of South America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_South_America" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America">Countries and dependencies of South America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign<br />states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Entire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In part</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">French Guiana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/80px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/160px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> / <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">UK</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Overseas_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Overseas_France" title="Template:Overseas France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Overseas_France" title="Template talk:Overseas France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Overseas_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Inhabited_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inhabited territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas<wbr /> regions</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas<wbr /> collectivities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sui_generis" title="Sui generis">Sui generis</a><wbr /> collectivity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Uninhabited_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Uninhabited territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">North Pacific Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_territory_(France)" title="Overseas territory (France)">Overseas territory</a><wbr /> (<a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern<wbr /> and Antarctic Lands</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_domains_of_Saint_Helena" title="French domains of Saint Helena">French domains of Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_domains_of_the_Holy_Land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French domains of the Holy Land (page does not exist)">French domains of the Holy Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul">Saint Paul</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Amsterdam Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in<wbr /> the Indian Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a><sup><small>2, 3</small></sup> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser">Banc du Geyser</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Also known as <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas departments</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Claimed by the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup> Claimed by <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Claimed by <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_regions_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_France" title="Template:Regions of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_France" title="Template talk:Regions of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_regions_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Administrative regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current (since 2016)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Bourgogne-Franche-Comté">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)" title="Brittany (administrative region)">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a> (Centre Region until 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former (1982–2015)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auvergne_(administrative_region)" title="Auvergne (administrative region)">Auvergne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagne-Ardenne" title="Champagne-Ardenne">Champagne-Ardenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon">Languedoc-Roussillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limousin" title="Limousin">Limousin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Normandy" title="Lower Normandy">Lower Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Midi-Pyrénées">Midi-Pyrénées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy">Picardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitou-Charentes" title="Poitou-Charentes">Poitou-Charentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Rhône-Alpes">Rhône-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Normandy" title="Upper Normandy">Upper Normandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas regions">Overseas regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_regions_of_France" title="Flags of the regions of France">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranked_list_of_French_regions" title="Ranked list of French regions">Ranked by area/population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_regions_and_overseas_collectivities_by_GDP" title="List of French regions and overseas collectivities by GDP">by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of French regions by Human Development Index">by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(France)" title="Regional council (France)">Regional councils</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Departments_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Departments_of_France" title="Template:Departments of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Departments_of_France" title="Template talk:Departments of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Departments_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Departments of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Departments_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Departments of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Metropolitan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>01 <a href="/wiki/Ain" title="Ain">Ain</a></li> <li>02 <a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a></li> <li>03 <a href="/wiki/Allier" title="Allier">Allier</a></li> <li>04 <a href="/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a></li> <li>05 <a href="/wiki/Hautes-Alpes" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a></li> <li>06 <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a></li> <li>07 <a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a></li> <li>08 <a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(department)" title="Ardennes (department)">Ardennes</a></li> <li>09 <a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a></li> <li>10 <a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a></li> <li>11 <a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a></li> <li>12 <a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a></li> <li>13 <a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a></li> <li>14 <a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a></li> <li>15 <a href="/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a></li> <li>16 <a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a></li> <li>17 <a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a></li> <li>18 <a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a></li> <li>19 <a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a></li> <li>2A <a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a></li> <li>2B <a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a></li> <li>21 <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a></li> <li>22 <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a></li> <li>23 <a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a></li> <li>24 <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a></li> <li>25 <a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a></li> <li>26 <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a></li> <li>27 <a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a></li> <li>28 <a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a></li> <li>29 <a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a></li> <li>30 <a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a></li> <li>31 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a></li> <li>32 <a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a></li> <li>33 <a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a></li> <li>34 <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a></li> <li>35 <a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a></li> <li>36 <a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a></li> <li>37 <a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a></li> <li>38 <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a></li> <li>39 <a href="/wiki/Jura_(department)" title="Jura (department)">Jura</a></li> <li>40 <a href="/wiki/Landes_(department)" title="Landes (department)">Landes</a></li> <li>41 <a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a></li> <li>42 <a href="/wiki/Loire_(department)" title="Loire (department)">Loire</a></li> <li>43 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a></li> <li>44 <a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a></li> <li>45 <a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a></li> <li>46 <a href="/wiki/Lot_(department)" title="Lot (department)">Lot</a></li> <li>47 <a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a></li> <li>48 <a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a></li> <li>49 <a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a></li> <li>50 <a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a></li> <li>51 <a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a></li> <li>52 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a></li> <li>53 <a href="/wiki/Mayenne" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a></li> <li>54 <a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a></li> <li>55 <a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a></li> <li>56 <a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a></li> <li>57 <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a></li> <li>58 <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a></li> <li>59 <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a></li> <li>60 <a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a></li> <li>61 <a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a></li> <li>62 <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a></li> <li>63 <a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a></li> <li>64 <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a></li> <li>65 <a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a></li> <li>66 <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a></li> <li>67 <a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a></li> <li>68 <a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a></li> <li>69D <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)" title="Rhône (department)">Rhône</a></li> <li>70 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a></li> <li>71 <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a></li> <li>72 <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a></li> <li>73 <a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a></li> <li>74 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a></li> <li>76 <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a></li> <li>77 <a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a></li> <li>78 <a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a></li> <li>79 <a href="/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a></li> <li>80 <a href="/wiki/Somme_(department)" title="Somme (department)">Somme</a></li> <li>81 <a href="/wiki/Tarn_(department)" title="Tarn (department)">Tarn</a></li> <li>82 <a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a></li> <li>83 <a href="/wiki/Var_(department)" title="Var (department)">Var</a></li> <li>84 <a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a></li> <li>85 <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a></li> <li>86 <a href="/wiki/Vienne_(department)" title="Vienne (department)">Vienne</a></li> <li>87 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Vienne" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a></li> <li>88 <a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a></li> <li>89 <a href="/wiki/Yonne" title="Yonne">Yonne</a></li> <li>90 <a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a></li> <li>91 <a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a></li> <li>92 <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a></li> <li>93 <a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a></li> <li>94 <a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a></li> <li>95 <a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>971 <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li>972 <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> <small><i>(territorial collectivity)</i></small></li> <li>973 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">French Guiana</a> <small><i>(territorial collectivity)</i></small></li> <li>974 <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li>976 <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>69M <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Lyon" title="Metropolis of Lyon">Lyon</a> <small><i>(collectivity with special status)</i></small></li> <li>75 <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> <small><i>(collectivity with special status)</i></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>975 <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a> <small><i>(Overseas collectivity)</i></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Guianas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Guianas" title="Template:The Guianas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Guianas" title="Template talk:The Guianas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Guianas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Guianas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Guianas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">The Guianas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá"><img alt="Amapá" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana"><img alt="French Guiana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/23px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/35px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/45px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">French Guiana</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guayana_Region,_Venezuela" title="Guayana Region, Venezuela">Guayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93Venezuela_territorial_dispute" title="Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute">Esequiba</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana"><img alt="Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname"><img alt="Suriname" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/35px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/45px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tigri_Area" title="Tigri Area">Tigri Area</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berbice" title="Berbice">Berbice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demerara" title="Demerara">Demerara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essequibo_(colony)" title="Essequibo (colony)">Essequibo</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Independent_Guiana" title="Republic of Independent Guiana">Counani</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Dutch Guiana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonisation_of_the_Guianas" title="Dutch colonisation of the Guianas">Pre-1667</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeroon_(colony)" title="Pomeroon (colony)">Pomeroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Surinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Independent_Guiana#_Free_State_of_Counani_(1904–1912)" title="Republic of Independent Guiana">Free Counani</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guayana_Province" title="Guayana Province">Trinidad-Guayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_(English_colony)" title="Surinam (English colony)">Surinam (English colony)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outlying territories of European countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Territories under European <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries#Inclusion_criteria" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries">inclusion criteria</a> for further information).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Amsterdam_Islands" title="Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands">Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam"> Amsterdam Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul"> Saint Paul Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser"> Geyser Shoal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_Island" title="Peter I Island">Peter I Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_Soberan%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Plazas de Soberanía">Plazas de Soberanía</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Island" title="Alboran Island">Alboran Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velez_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Velez Islands">Velez Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Outermost_regions_of_European_Union_states" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:EU_Outermost_regions" title="Template:EU Outermost regions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:EU_Outermost_regions" title="Template talk:EU Outermost regions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:EU_Outermost_regions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:EU Outermost regions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Outermost_regions_of_European_Union_states" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union#Outermost_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">Outermost regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> states</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EU_outermost_regions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EU_outermost_regions.svg/150px-EU_outermost_regions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EU_outermost_regions.svg/225px-EU_outermost_regions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EU_outermost_regions.svg/300px-EU_outermost_regions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="477" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint-Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/21px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/42px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/21px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/42px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:South America">South America</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3769#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3769#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3769#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/152032724">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1206832/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdCrydWt9cHhKpF6RKjmd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4018184-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79128019">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11876460j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11876460j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Francouzská Guyana (Francie : departement)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge170125&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451784">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000403646">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554945605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/bc6f4b9a-3b76-33ca-bde3-2ae452afe66a">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/766965c1-b5ef-4126-bb70-8d9dfaef2477">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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