CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1"/><title>Strong's Greek: 4165. ποιμαίνω (poimainó) -- To shepherd, to tend, to feed, to guide</title></title><link rel="canonical" href="http://biblehub.com/greek/4165.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/strongsnew2.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-LR4HSKRP2H"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-LR4HSKRP2H'); </script><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/interlinear/vmenus/hebrews/3-8.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="//biblehu.com/bmstrongs/greek/4165.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's</a> > <a href="/englishmans_greek.htm">Greek</a> > 4165</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="../greek/4164.htm" title="4164">◄</a> 4165. poimainó <a href="../greek/4166.htm" title="4166">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheading">Strong's Lexicon</div><div align="left"><span class="toptitle2">poimainó: To shepherd, to tend, to feed, to guide</span></div><p><span class="tophdg">Original Word: </span><span class="greek">ποιμαίνω</span><br><span class="tophdg">Part of Speech: </span>Verb<br><span class="tophdg">Transliteration: </span>poimainó<br><span class="tophdg">Pronunciation: </span>poy-MY-no<br><span class="tophdg">Phonetic Spelling: </span>(poy-mah'-ee-no)<br><span class="tophdg">Definition: </span>To shepherd, to tend, to feed, to guide<br><span class="tophdg">Meaning: </span>I shepherd, tend, herd; hence: I rule, govern.<p><span class="tophdg">Word Origin: </span>Derived from ποιμήν (poimēn), meaning "shepherd."<p><span class="tophdg">Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: </span> - <b>H7462 - רָעָה (ra'ah):</b> To pasture, tend, graze, feed<p> - <b>H7469 - רֹעֶה (ro'eh):</b> Shepherd, herdsman<p><span class="tophdg">Usage: </span>The verb "poimainó" primarily means to act as a shepherd, which involves tending, feeding, and guiding a flock. In a broader sense, it is used metaphorically in the New Testament to describe the spiritual leadership and care provided by church leaders or Christ Himself. It implies nurturing, protecting, and guiding those under one's care.<p><span class="tophdg">Cultural and Historical Background: </span>In ancient agrarian societies, shepherding was a common occupation, and shepherds were responsible for the well-being of their sheep. This included leading them to pastures, protecting them from predators, and ensuring their overall health. The imagery of shepherding was deeply embedded in the cultural and religious consciousness of the Israelites, with God often depicted as the Shepherd of Israel (e.g., Psalm 23). In the New Testament, this imagery is applied to Jesus Christ, who is referred to as the "Good Shepherd" (John 10:11).<div class="vheading2">HELPS Word-studies</div><p class="discovery"><b>Cognate: 4165</b> <i>poimaínō</i> – properly, to <i>shepherd</i>, caring for (protecting) the flock.</p><p class="discovery"><a href="/greek/4165.htm">4165</a> <i>/poimaínō</i> ("shepherding, pastoring") is distinct from "feeding" (<a href="/greek/1006.htm">1006</a> <i>/bóskō</i>). <a href="/greek/4165.htm">4165</a> (<i>poimaínō</i>) focuses on "<i>tending</i>" ("<i>shepherding</i>") (<i>WS</i>, 274), which includes guarding, guiding, and folding the flock and is only provided (ultimately) by Jesus Christ – <i>the</i> Shepherd, who calls under-shepherds (such as elder-overseers) to guard and guide His people by His direction (1 Pet 5:1-5). <a href="/greek/4166.htm">See 4166</a> (<i>poimēn</i>).</p><p class="discovery">[<a href="/greek/4165.htm">4165</a> <i>/poimaínō</i> ("to shepherd, tend") occurs 11 times in the NT, usually with a figurative sense of "<i>shepherding</i> (<i>tending</i>) God's flock." This provides Spirit-directed <i>guidance </i>(<i>care</i>) conjunction with <i>feeding</i> His people (teaching them Scripture).]</p><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/discovery.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe><div class="vheading2">NAS Exhaustive Concordance</div><span class="hdg">Word Origin</span><br>from <a href="/greek/4166.htm">poimén</a><br><span class="hdg">Definition</span><br>to act as a shepherd<br><span class="hdg">NASB Translation</span><br>caring (1), rule (3), shepherd (5), tending sheep (1), tends (1).<p><div align="center"><span class="smalltext"><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/nasec.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe></span></div><div class="vheading2">Thayer's Greek Lexicon</div><span class="maintitle">STRONGS NT 4165: ποιμαίνω</span><br><br><span class="arttitle"><span class="grktitle">ποιμαίνω</span></span>; future <span class="greek2">ποιμανῶ</span>; 1 aorist imperative 2 person plural <span class="greek2">ποιμάνατε</span> (<a href="/interlinear/1_peter/5-2.htm">1 Peter 5:2</a>); (<span class="greek2">ποιμήν</span>, which see); from <span class="abbreviation">Homer</span> down; the <span class="manuref">Sept.</span> for <span class="hebrew">רָעָה</span>; <span class="accented">to feed, to tend a flock, keep sheep</span>; <p><span class="emphasized">a.</span> properly: <a href="/interlinear/luke/17-7.htm">Luke 17:7</a>; <span class="greek2">ποίμνην</span>, <a href="/interlinear/1_corinthians/9-7.htm">1 Corinthians 9:7</a>. <p><span class="emphasized">b.</span> tropically, <span class="greek2">α</span>. <span class="accented">to rule, govern</span>: of rulers, <span class="greek2">τινα</span>, <a href="/interlinear/matthew/2-6.htm">Matthew 2:6</a>; <a href="/interlinear/revelation/2-27.htm">Revelation 2:27</a>; <a href="/interlinear/revelation/12-5.htm">Revelation 12:5</a>; <a href="/interlinear/revelation/19-15.htm">Revelation 19:15</a> (<a href="/interlinear/2_samuel/5-2.htm">2 Samuel 5:2</a>; <a href="/interlinear/micah/5-6.htm">Micah 5:6</a> (<BIBLE/VERSE_ONLY:Micah 5:5>); <BIBLE/CHAPTER_VERSE:Micah 7:14>, etc.; (cf. <span class="abbreviation">Winer</span>s Grammar, 17)) (see <span class="greek2"><span class="lexref">ποιμήν</span></span>, b. at the end); of the overseers (pastors) of the church, <a href="/interlinear/john/21-16.htm">John 21:16</a>; <a href="/interlinear/acts/20-28.htm">Acts 20:28</a>; <a href="/interlinear/1_peter/5-2.htm">1 Peter 5:2</a>. <span class="greek2">β</span>. <span class="accented">to furnish pasturage or food; to nourish</span>: <span class="greek2">ἑαυτόν</span>, to cherish one's body, to serve the body, <a href="/interlinear/jude/1-12.htm">Jude 1:12</a>; to supply the requisites for the soul's needs (<span class="abbreviation">R. V.</span> <span class="accented">shall be their shepherd</span>), <a href="/interlinear/revelation/7-17.htm">Revelation 7:17</a>. (Synonym: see <span class="greek2"><span class="lexref">βόσκω</span></span>, at the end.)<FOOTNOTE:1> <br><br><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/bsoft.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe><div class="vheading2">Strong's Exhaustive Concordance</div>to shepherd, rule<p>From <a href="/greek/4166.htm">poimen</a>; to tend as a shepherd of (figuratively, superviser) -- feed (cattle), rule. <p>see GREEK <a href="/greek/4166.htm">poimen</a> <div class="vheading2">Forms and Transliterations</div>εποίμαινε εποίμαινόν εποίμανεν Ποιμαινε Ποίμαινε ποιμαινει ποιμαινεί ποιμαίνει ποιμαινειν ποιμαινείν ποιμαίνειν ποιμαίνεις ποιμαινοντα ποιμαίνοντα ποιμαίνοντας ποιμαινοντες ποιμαίνοντες ποιμαινόντων ποιμαίνουσαι ποιμαίνουσιν ποιμαίνων ποιμανατε ποιμάνατε ποιμανει ποιμανεί ποιμανεῖ ποιμανείς ποιμανθήση ποίμανον ποιμανούσι ποιμανούσιν ποιμανώ ποιμενικά ποιμένικω Poimaine Poímaine poimainei poimaínei poimainein poimaínein poimainonta poimaínonta poimainontes poimaínontes poimanate poimánate poimanei poimaneî<div class="vheading2">Links</div><a href="/interlinear/matthew/1-1.htm">Interlinear Greek</a> • <a href="/interlinear/genesis/1-1.htm">Interlinear Hebrew</a> • <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's Numbers</a> • <a href="/englishmans_greek.htm">Englishman's Greek Concordance</a> • <a href="/englishmans_hebrew.htm">Englishman's Hebrew Concordance</a> • <a href="/texts/matthew/1-1.htm">Parallel Texts</a></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><div class="vheading">Englishman's Concordance</div><b><a href="/text/matthew/2-6.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Matthew 2:6</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular">V-FIA-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/2.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἡγούμενος ὅστις <b>ποιμανεῖ</b> τὸν λαόν</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/matthew/2.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> WHO <span class="itali">WILL SHEPHERD</span> MY PEOPLE<br><a href="/kjvs/matthew/2.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> a Governor, that <span class="itali">shall rule</span> my people<br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/2-6.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> a leader who <span class="itali">will shepherd</span> the people<p><b><a href="/text/luke/17-7.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Luke 17:7</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Participle Active - Accusative Masculine Singular">V-PPA-AMS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/luke/17.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἀροτριῶντα ἢ <b>ποιμαίνοντα</b> ὃς εἰσελθόντι</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/luke/17.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> or <span class="itali">tending sheep,</span> will say<br><a href="/kjvs/luke/17.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> or <span class="itali">feeding cattle,</span> will say<br><a href="/interlinear/luke/17-7.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> plowing or <span class="itali">shepherding</span> the [one] having come in<p><b><a href="/text/john/21-16.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">John 21:16</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Imperative Active - 2nd Person Singular">V-PMA-2S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/john/21.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">λέγει αὐτῷ <b>Ποίμαινε</b> τὰ πρόβατά</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/john/21.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> You. He said <span class="itali">to him, Shepherd</span> My sheep.<br><a href="/kjvs/john/21.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> He saith unto him, <span class="itali">Feed</span> my sheep.<br><a href="/interlinear/john/21-16.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> He says to him <span class="itali">Shepherd</span> the sheep<p><b><a href="/text/acts/20-28.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Acts 20:28</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Infinitive Active">V-PNA</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/acts/20.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἔθετο ἐπισκόπους <b>ποιμαίνειν</b> τὴν ἐκκλησίαν</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/acts/20.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> you overseers, <span class="itali">to shepherd</span> the church<br><a href="/kjvs/acts/20.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> overseers, <span class="itali">to feed</span> the church<br><a href="/interlinear/acts/20-28.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> did set overseers <span class="itali">to shepherd</span> the church<p><b><a href="/text/1_corinthians/9-7.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">1 Corinthians 9:7</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular">V-PIA-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/1_corinthians/9.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἢ τίς <b>ποιμαίνει</b> ποίμνην καὶ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/1_corinthians/9.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> who <span class="itali">tends</span> a flock<br><a href="/kjvs/1_corinthians/9.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> or who <span class="itali">feedeth</span> a flock, and<br><a href="/interlinear/1_corinthians/9-7.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> or who <span class="itali">shepherds</span> a flock and<p><b><a href="/text/1_peter/5-2.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">1 Peter 5:2</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person Plural">V-AMA-2P</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/1_peter/5.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3"><b>ποιμάνατε</b> τὸ ἐν</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/1_peter/5.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> <span class="itali">shepherd</span> the flock of God<br><a href="/kjvs/1_peter/5.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> <span class="itali">Feed</span> the flock of God<br><a href="/interlinear/1_peter/5-2.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> <span class="itali">shepherd</span> the among<p><b><a href="/text/jude/1-12.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Jude 1:12</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural">V-PPA-NMP</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/jude/1.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἀφόβως ἑαυτοὺς <b>ποιμαίνοντες</b> νεφέλαι ἄνυδροι</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/jude/1.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> with you without fear, <span class="itali">caring</span> for themselves;<br><a href="/kjvs/jude/1.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> with you, <span class="itali">feeding</span> themselves<br><a href="/interlinear/jude/1-12.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> fearlessly themselves <span class="itali">shepherding</span> clouds without water<p><b><a href="/text/revelation/2-27.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Revelation 2:27</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular">V-FIA-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/2.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">καὶ <b>ποιμανεῖ</b> αὐτοὺς ἐν</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/revelation/2.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> <span class="itali">AND HE SHALL RULE</span> THEM WITH A ROD<br><a href="/kjvs/revelation/2.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> And <span class="itali">he shall rule</span> them with<br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/2-27.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> and <span class="itali">he will shepherd</span> them with<p><b><a href="/text/revelation/7-17.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Revelation 7:17</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular">V-FIA-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/7.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">τοῦ θρόνου <b>ποιμανεῖ</b> αὐτούς καὶ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/revelation/7.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> of the throne <span class="itali">will be their shepherd,</span> and will guide<br><a href="/kjvs/revelation/7.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> of the throne <span class="itali">shall feed</span> them,<br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/7-17.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> of the throne <span class="itali">will shepherd</span> them and<p><b><a href="/text/revelation/12-5.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Revelation 12:5</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Infinitive Active">V-PNA</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/12.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ὃς μέλλει <b>ποιμαίνειν</b> πάντα τὰ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/revelation/12.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> [child], who <span class="itali">is to rule</span> all<br><a href="/kjvs/revelation/12.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> who was <span class="itali">to rule</span> all nations<br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/12-5.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> who is about <span class="itali">to shepherd</span> all the<p><b><a href="/text/revelation/19-15.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Revelation 19:15</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Future Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular">V-FIA-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/19.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">καὶ αὐτὸς <b>ποιμανεῖ</b> αὐτοὺς ἐν</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/revelation/19.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> the nations, <span class="itali">and He will rule</span> them with a rod<br><a href="/kjvs/revelation/19.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> and he <span class="itali">shall rule</span> them with<br><a href="/interlinear/revelation/19-15.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> and he <span class="itali">will shepherd</span> them with<p><b><a href="/greek/4165.htm">Strong's Greek 4165</a><br><a href="/greek/strongs_4165.htm">11 Occurrences</a></b><br><br><a href="/greek/poimaine_4165.htm">Ποίμαινε — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/poimainei_4165.htm">ποιμαίνει — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/poimainein_4165.htm">ποιμαίνειν — 2 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/poimainonta_4165.htm">ποιμαίνοντα — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/poimainontes_4165.htm">ποιμαίνοντες — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/poimanate_4165.htm">ποιμάνατε — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/poimanei_4165.htm">ποιμανεῖ — 4 Occ.</a><br><br></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script><br /><br /> </div> <div id="left"><a href="/greek/4164.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="4164"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="4164" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/greek/4166.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="4166"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="4166" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhchap.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>