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class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Vikipediyadan qidirish [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Qidiruv</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Vikipediyadan qidirish" aria-label="Vikipediyadan qidirish" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Vikipediyadan qidirish [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon 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id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_uz.wikipedia.org&uselang=uz" class=""><span>Loyihaga koʻmak</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CreateAccount&returnto=Material" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud boʻlmasa-da, hisob yaratishingiz va tizimga kirishingiz tavsiya etiladi." class=""><span>Hisob yaratish</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UserLogin&returnto=Material" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud bo‘lmasa-da, kirishingiz taklif qilinadi. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Kirish</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Koʻproq opsiyalar" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Shaxsiy uskunalar" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Shaxsiy uskunalar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Foydalanuvchi menyusi" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_uz.wikipedia.org&uselang=uz"><span>Loyihaga koʻmak</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CreateAccount&returnto=Material" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud boʻlmasa-da, hisob yaratishingiz va tizimga kirishingiz tavsiya etiladi."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hisob yaratish</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UserLogin&returnto=Material" title="Bu majburiyat mavjud bo‘lmasa-da, kirishingiz taklif qilinadi. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Kirish</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chiqishni amalga oshirgan tahrirchilar uchun sahifalar <a href="/wiki/Yordam:Mundarija" aria-label="Tahrirlash haqida batafsil maʼlumot"><span>batafsil maʼlumot</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:MyContributions" title="Bu IP-manzildan amalga oshirilgan tahrirlar roʻyxati [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Qoʻshilgan hissa</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:MyTalk" title="Bu IP-manzildan amalga oshirilgan tahrirlar munozarasi [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mundarija" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mundarija</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kirish</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tarixiy_elementlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarixiy_elementlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tarixiy elementlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarixiy_elementlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foydalanish_boʻyicha_tasniflash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foydalanish_boʻyicha_tasniflash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Foydalanish boʻyicha tasniflash</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foydalanish_boʻyicha_tasniflash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuzilishi_boʻyicha_tasniflash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuzilishi_boʻyicha_tasniflash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tuzilishi boʻyicha tasniflash</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tuzilishi_boʻyicha_tasniflash-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tuzilishi boʻyicha tasniflash subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tuzilishi_boʻyicha_tasniflash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mikro_tuzilma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mikro_tuzilma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Mikro tuzilma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mikro_tuzilma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kattaroq_tuzilma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kattaroq_tuzilma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kattaroq tuzilma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kattaroq_tuzilma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xususiyatlari_boʻyicha_tasniflash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xususiyatlari_boʻyicha_tasniflash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Xususiyatlari boʻyicha tasniflash</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Xususiyatlari_boʻyicha_tasniflash-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Xususiyatlari boʻyicha tasniflash subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Xususiyatlari_boʻyicha_tasniflash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mexanik_xususiyatlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexanik_xususiyatlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mexanik xususiyatlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexanik_xususiyatlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issiqlik_xususiyatlari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issiqlik_xususiyatlari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Issiqlik xususiyatlari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issiqlik_xususiyatlari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boshqa_xususiyatlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boshqa_xususiyatlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Boshqa xususiyatlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boshqa_xususiyatlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yana_qarang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yana_qarang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Yana qarang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yana_qarang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manbalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manbalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Manbalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manbalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Havolalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Havolalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Havolalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Havolalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mundarija" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Material</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 62 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiaal" title="Materiaal – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Materiaal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_(%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9)" title="مادة (هندسة) – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مادة (هندسة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Суровина – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Суровина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="উপাদান – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উপাদান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Йăмлăх – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йăмлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiale" title="Materiale – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Materiale" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_(Betriebswirtschaft)" title="Material (Betriebswirtschaft) – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Material (Betriebswirtschaft)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materjal" title="Materjal – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Materjal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="مواد – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مواد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiaali" title="Materiaali – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Materiaali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%A9riau" title="Matériau – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Matériau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoo" title="Stoo – men" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Stoo" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="men" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%9D" title="חומר גלם – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומר גלם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materijal" title="Materijal – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Materijal" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materyo" title="Materyo – gaityan" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Materyo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="gaityan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan" title="Bahan – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efni" title="Efni – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Efni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiale" title="Materiale – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Materiale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan" title="Bahan – yavan" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bahan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="yavan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Материалдар – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Материалдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EB%A3%8C" title="재료 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="재료" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C5%BEiaga" title="Medžiaga – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Medžiaga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%ABtne_(humanitarajuos_zineibuos)" title="Lītne (humanitarajuos zineibuos) – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Lītne (humanitarajuos zineibuos)" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materi%C4%81ls" title="Materiāls – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Materiāls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Материал – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Материал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan" title="Bahan – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiaal" title="Materiaal – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Materiaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiale" title="Materiale – norveg-nyunorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Materiale" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveg-nyunorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiale" title="Materiale – norveg-bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Materiale" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveg-bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materia%C5%82" title="Materiał – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Materiał" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaykana" title="Imaykana – kechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Imaykana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Материал – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Материал" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Материал – saxa" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Материал" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="saxa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materijal" title="Materijal – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Materijal" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiali" title="Materiali – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Materiali" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materijal" title="Materijal – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Materijal" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material" title="Material – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Material" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8" title="วัสดุ – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วัสดุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malzeme" title="Malzeme – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Malzeme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ماتېرىيال – uyg‘ur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ماتېرىيال" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uyg‘ur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Матеріал – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Матеріал" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="مواد – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مواد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_li%E1%BB%87u" title="Vật liệu – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vật liệu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materyales" title="Materyales – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Materyales" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="材料 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="材料" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izinto_ezixabisekileyo" title="Izinto ezixabisekileyo – kxosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Izinto ezixabisekileyo" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="kxosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A3" title="שטאף – idish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שטאף" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="材料 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="材料" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2i-li%C4%81u" title="Châi-liāu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Châi-liāu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="材料 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="材料" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isithako" title="Isithako – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isithako" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q214609#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomfazolar"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Material" title="Sahifani ko‘rish [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Maqola</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Munozara:Material" rel="discussion" title="Sahifa matni borasida munozara [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Munozara</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Til variantini oʻzgartirish" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">lotin/кирилл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-uz mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&variant=uz" lang="uz" hreflang="uz"><span>lotin/кирилл</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-uz-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&variant=uz-latn" lang="uz-Latn" hreflang="uz-Latn"><span>lotin</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-uz-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&variant=uz-cyrl" lang="uz-Cyrl" hreflang="uz-Cyrl"><span>кирилл</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Koʻrinishlar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Material"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&action=history" title="Bu sahifaning oʻzgarishlar tarixi [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Asboblar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Asboblar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Asboblar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Koʻproq opsiyalar" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Amallar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Material"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&action=history"><span>Tarix</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umumiy </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:WhatLinksHere/Material" title="Ushbu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalar roʻyxati [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Bu yerga ishoratlar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:RecentChangesLinked/Material" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sahifaga bogʻlangan sahifalardagi yangi oʻzgarishlar [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Bogʻliq oʻzgarishlar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:SpecialPages" title="Maxsus sahifalar ro‘yxati [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Maxsus sahifalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&oldid=5188464" title="Sahifaning ushbu versiyasiga doimiy ishorat"><span>Doimiy havola</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&action=info" title="Bu sahifa haqida koʻproq maʼlumot"><span>Sahifa haqida maʼlumot</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:CiteThisPage&page=Material&id=5188464&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Sahifadan matn parchasi ajratish</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMaterial"><span>Qisqartirilgan URL-manzilni olish</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fuz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMaterial"><span>QR-kodni yuklab olish</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nashr/eksport qilish </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxsus:DownloadAsPdf&page=Material&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF sifatida yuklash</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Ushbu sahifaning bosma uchun versiyasi [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bosma uchun versiya</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Boshqa loyihalarda </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Materials" hreflang="en"><span>Vikiombor</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q214609" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikimaʼlumotlar bandi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Qiyofa"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Qiyofa</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:161px;max-width:161px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:124px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Stainless_kitchen_container_with_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Steel kitchen container" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Stainless_kitchen_container_with_cover.jpg/159px-Stainless_kitchen_container_with_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Stainless_kitchen_container_with_cover.jpg/239px-Stainless_kitchen_container_with_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Stainless_kitchen_container_with_cover.jpg/318px-Stainless_kitchen_container_with_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3004" data-file-height="2353" /></a></span></img></div>poʻlatdan yasalgan oshxona idishi </div><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:124px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Red_terracotta_flowerpots.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Terracotta flowerpots" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Red_terracotta_flowerpots.jpg/125px-Red_terracotta_flowerpots.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Red_terracotta_flowerpots.jpg/188px-Red_terracotta_flowerpots.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Red_terracotta_flowerpots.jpg/250px-Red_terracotta_flowerpots.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="709" /></a></span></img></div> terrakota gulli idishlar </div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Plastic_objects.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Various plastic objects, including a bowl, CD, water bottle, and roll of tape" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Plastic_objects.jpg/137px-Plastic_objects.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Plastic_objects.jpg/206px-Plastic_objects.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Plastic_objects.jpg/274px-Plastic_objects.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2427" data-file-height="1769" /></a></span></img></div> plastmassalar </div><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Wooden-pallets_stacked_8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A stack of wooden pallets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Wooden-pallets_stacked_8.jpg/147px-Wooden-pallets_stacked_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Wooden-pallets_stacked_8.jpg/221px-Wooden-pallets_stacked_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Wooden-pallets_stacked_8.jpg/294px-Wooden-pallets_stacked_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4995" data-file-height="3391" /></a></span></img></div>yogʻoch palletlar </div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"> Mikro tuzilishga koʻra tasniflangan turli xil materiallar. Yuqoridan chapdan soat yoʻnalishi boʻyicha: poʻlatdan yasalgan oshxona idishi (<a href="/wiki/Metal" class="mw-disambig" title="Metal">metalllar</a>), terakota gulli idishlar (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceramic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceramic (sahifa yaratilmagan)">keramika</a>), plastmassalar (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polymers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polymers (sahifa yaratilmagan)">polimerlar</a>) va yogʻoch palletlar (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Composite_material&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Composite material (sahifa yaratilmagan)">kompozitlar</a>).</div></div></div></div> <p><b>Material</b> – obyektni tashkil etuvchi <a href="/wiki/Materiya" title="Materiya">modda</a> yoki moddalar aralashmasi. Materiallar sof yoki nopok, yoki jonsiz moddalar boʻlishi mumkin. Materiallar fizik hamda kimyoviy xossalari yoki <a href="/wiki/Geologiya" title="Geologiya">geologik</a> kelib chiqishi hamda <a href="/wiki/Biologiya" title="Biologiya">biologik</a> funksiyasi asosida tasniflanishi mumkin. Materialshunoslik – bu materiallarni, ularning xususiyatini hamda qoʻllanilishini oʻrganadigan fan. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Xom_ashyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Xom ashyo">Xom ashyoni</a> tozalash hamda shakllantirish yoki boshqa <a href="/wiki/Materiallar_qarshiligi" title="Materiallar qarshiligi">materiallar</a>ni biriktirish orqali ularning xususiyatlariga taʼsir qilish uchun turli usullar bilan qayta ishlanishi mumkin. <a href="/wiki/Birikish_reaksiyasi" title="Birikish reaksiyasi">Xom ashyodan sintez</a> yoʻli bilan yangi materiallar ishlab chiqarilishi mumkin. </p><p>Sanoatda materiallar mahsulot yoki murakkabroq materiallarni ishlab chiqarish uchun ishlab chiqarish jarayonlariga kirishdir. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarixiy_elementlar">Tarixiy elementlar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tarixiy elementlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tarixiy elementlar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Materiallar insoniyat tarixini tasvirlaydi. Tarixdan oldingi uch asrlar tizimi (<a href="/wiki/Tosh_davri" title="Tosh davri">tosh davri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jez_davri" title="Jez davri">bronza davri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temir_davri" title="Temir davri">temir davri</a>) tarixiy asrlarga ega boʻldi: XIX asrda poʻlat asri, keyingi asrning oʻrtalarida polimer davri (plastik asr) hamda ikkinchi yarmida kremniy XX asr davri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foydalanish_boʻyicha_tasniflash"><span id="Foydalanish_bo.CA.BByicha_tasniflash"></span>Foydalanish boʻyicha tasniflash</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Foydalanish boʻyicha tasniflash" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Foydalanish boʻyicha tasniflash"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Materiallarni ulardan foydalanish boʻyicha keng toifalarga boʻlish mumkin, masalan: </p> <ul><li>Qurilish uchun qurilish materiallari ishlatiladi</li> <li>Binolar ichida issiqlikni saqlash uchun qurilish izolyatsiya materiallari ishlatiladi</li> <li>Olovga chidamli materiallar yuqori haroratli ilovalar uchun ishlatiladi</li> <li>Yadroviy materiallar yadroviy energiya va qurol ishlab chiqarish uchun ishlatiladi</li> <li>Aerokosmik materiallar samolyotlarda va boshqa aerokosmik dasturlarda qoʻllanadi</li> <li>Biomateriallar tirik tizimlar bilan oʻzaro aloqada boʻlgan ilovalar uchun ishlatiladi</li></ul> <p>Materialni tanlash – bu maʼlum bir dastur uchun qaysi materialdan foydalanish kerakligini aniqlash jarayoni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tuzilishi_boʻyicha_tasniflash"><span id="Tuzilishi_bo.CA.BByicha_tasniflash"></span>Tuzilishi boʻyicha tasniflash</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tuzilishi boʻyicha tasniflash" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Tuzilishi boʻyicha tasniflash"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Materiallarning tegishli tuzilishi materialga qarab turli uzunlik shkalasiga ega. Materialning tuzilishi va tarkibini <a href="/wiki/Mikroskop" title="Mikroskop">mikroskop</a> yoki <a href="/wiki/Spektroskopiya" title="Spektroskopiya">spektroskopiya</a> yordamida aniqlash mumkin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mikro_tuzilma">Mikro tuzilma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Mikro tuzilma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Mikro tuzilma"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Texnikada materiallarni mikroskopik tuzilishiga koʻra quyidagi turlarga boʻlish mumkin:<sup id="cite_ref-ashby_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashby-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<span>15–17</span></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keramika" title="Keramika">Seramika</a>: metall boʻlmagan, noorganik qattiq moddalar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shisha" title="Shisha">Koʻzoynaklar</a>: <a href="/wiki/Amorf" title="Amorf">amorf</a> <a href="/wiki/Qattiq_jism" title="Qattiq jism">qattiq moddalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallar" title="Metallar">Metalllar</a>: oʻziga xos kimyoviy bogʻlanish harakati bilan sof yoki <a href="/wiki/Qotishma" title="Qotishma">birlashtirilgan</a> kimyoviy elementlar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polimerlar" title="Polimerlar">Polimerlar</a>: uzun uglerod yoki silikon zanjirlarga asoslangan materiallar</li> <li>Gibridlar: bir nechta materiallarning kombinatsiyasi, masalan, kompozitlar.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kattaroq_tuzilma">Kattaroq tuzilma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Kattaroq tuzilma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Kattaroq tuzilma"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metamaterial – bu tabiiy materiallarda uchramaydigan xususiyatga ega boʻlish uchun ishlab chiqilgan har qanday material, odatda kompozitsiyani hosil qilish uchun bir nechta materiallarni birlashtirish hamda / yoki kerakli xususiyatga erishish uchun shakli, <a href="/wiki/Geometriya" title="Geometriya">geometriyasi</a>, oʻlchami, yoʻnalishi hamda tartibini sozlash<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Koʻpiklar hamda <a href="/wiki/Mato" title="Mato">toʻqimachilikda</a> kimyoviy tuzilma katta hajmdagi materiallarga qaraganda darhol kuzatiladigan xususiyatlarga kamroq taalluqlidir: koʻpiklardagi teshiklar hamda toʻqimachilikdagi toʻquv. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Xususiyatlari_boʻyicha_tasniflash"><span id="Xususiyatlari_bo.CA.BByicha_tasniflash"></span>Xususiyatlari boʻyicha tasniflash</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Xususiyatlari boʻyicha tasniflash" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Xususiyatlari boʻyicha tasniflash"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Materiallarni katta hajmdagi fizik xossalari bilan solishtirish hamda tasniflash mumkin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexanik_xususiyatlar">Mexanik xususiyatlar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Mexanik xususiyatlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Mexanik xususiyatlar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mexanik xususiyatlar materialning qoʻllanadigan <a href="/wiki/Kuch" title="Kuch">kuchlarga</a> qanday javob berishini aniqlaydi. </p><p>Bunga misollar kiradi: </p> <ul><li>Qattiqlik</li> <li>Kuch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qovushoqlik" title="Qovushoqlik">Qattiqlik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qattiqlik" title="Qattiqlik">Qattiqlik</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Issiqlik_xususiyatlari">Issiqlik xususiyatlari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Issiqlik xususiyatlari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Issiqlik xususiyatlari"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Materiallar turli haroratlarda yomonlashishi yoki xususiyatlarini oʻzgartirishi mumkin. Issiqlik xususiyatlari, shuningdek, materialning issiqlik energiyasini uzatish hamda saqlash bilan bogʻliq boʻlgan <a href="/wiki/Issiqlik_o%CA%BBtkazuvchanlik" title="Issiqlik oʻtkazuvchanlik">issiqlik oʻtkazuvchanligi</a> hamda issiqlik sigʻimini ham oʻz ichiga oladi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boshqa_xususiyatlar">Boshqa xususiyatlar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Boshqa xususiyatlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Boshqa xususiyatlar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Materiallarni har xil sharoitlarda xatti-harakatlarining har qanday miqdoriy oʻlchovi boʻyicha taqqoslash va tasniflash mumkin. Eʼtiborga molik qoʻshimcha xususiyatlar materiallarning optik, elektr va magnit harakatlarini oʻz ichiga oladi<sup id="cite_ref-ashby_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashby-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<span>5–7</span></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yana_qarang">Yana qarang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Yana qarang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Yana qarang"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hyle, yunoncha atama, materiya falsafasi uchun tegishli</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materiya" title="Materiya">Masala</a></li> <li>Turkum:Materiallar</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ashby-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ashby_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ashby_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFAshby2010">Ashby, Michael<i>. Materials engineering, science, processing and design</i>, 2nd, Oxford: Elsevier, 2010. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9781856178952" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9781856178952">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">9781856178952</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Materials+engineering%2C+science%2C+processing+and+design&rft.aulast=Ashby&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.place=Oxford &rft.isbn=9781856178952"> </span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="uz" dir="ltr">Manba xatosi: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "ashby" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Kshetrimayum, R.S. (January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1368916">"A brief intro to metamaterials"</a>. <i>IEEE Potentials</i> <b>23</b> (5): 44–46. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109%2FMP.2005.1368916">10.1109/MP.2005.1368916</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0278-6648">0278-6648</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1368916">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1368916</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+brief+intro+to+metamaterials&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Potentials&rft.aulast=Kshetrimayum&rft.aufirst=R.S.&rft.au=Kshetrimayum%2C%26%2332%3BR.S.&rft.date=January+2005&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=44%E2%80%9346&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FMP.2005.1368916&rft.issn=0278-6648&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fdocument%2F1368916&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Material"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Havolalar">Havolalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Havolalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Material&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Havolalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4048111">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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